Hyperglycemia: zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro chazachipatala chokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga (glucose) mu seramu yamagazi. Nthawi zonse 3.3-5,5 mmol / l m'magazi a wodwala yemwe ali ndi hyperglycemia, zomwe zili ndi shuga ndizoposa 6-7 mmol / l.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga wamagazi (mpaka 16,5 mmol / l kapena kuposa), kuthekera kwa dziko labwino kapena ngakhale kukomoka kumakhala kwakukulu.

Kuthandiza ndi hyperglycemia

Matenda a shuga, ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, hyperglycemia, ikufalikira modabwitsa padziko lonse lapansi, imatchulidwanso kuti mliri wazaka zam'ma 2000. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungathandizire bwino komanso moyenera ma hyperglycemia. Chifukwa chake, ngati pakuukira:

Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa acidity m'mimba, muyenera kudya zipatso zambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kumwa madzi amchere amchere ambiri ndi sodium, calcium, koma osapereka madzi amchere a chlorine. Njira yothira supuni za supuni 1-2 za kapu ya madzi pakamwa kapena enema ingathandize
Pofuna kuchotsa acetone kuchokera mthupi, yankho la sopo liyenera kutsuka m'mimba,
Popitilirani kupukuta khungu ndi chopukutira chonyansa, makamaka mmanja, pansi pa mawondo, khosi ndi pamphumi. Thupi limakhala ndi madzi osafunikira ndipo limafunikira kuti madzi aziziriranso,
Odwala omwe amadalira insulin ayenera kuyezedwa shuga, ndipo ngati chizindikiro ichi chili pamwamba pa 14 mmol / l, jakisoni wa insulini uyenera kutengedwa mwachangu ndipo chakumwa chochuluka chimayenera kuperekedwa. Kenako muzichita izi kwa maola awiri aliwonse ndikupanga jakisoni wa insulini mpaka magazi atasintha.

Popeza adalandira chithandizo choyamba cha hyperglycemia, wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto lililonse ayenera kulumikizana ndi kuchipatala, kupanga mayeso angapo ndikulandila chithandizo chamankhwala.

Zachilendo komanso zopatuka

Magazi a shuga amatsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena magazi a capillary. Kuyesaku kutha kuchitidwa mu labotale nokha kapena kuphatikiza kuyesa kwamagazi ena. Ndikothekanso kudziwa ndi glucometer yonyamula, kachipangizo kakang'ono komwe kamakupatsani mwayi wolamulira kuchuluka kwa glucose mwachangu komanso nthawi zambiri, osapita kwa dokotala kapena labu.

Hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga (mtundu 1 ndi 2) komanso prediabetes. Magazi a shuga amtundu wamba Itha kusinthika pang'ono m'malo osungirako ma labotale osiyanasiyana, koma kwambiri (pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa kwambiri) imatsimikiziridwa mkati mwa 70-100 mg / dl. Minyewa ya glucose imatha kuwonjezeka pang'ono mukatha kudya. Magazi a glucose opanda magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala osaposa 125 mg / dl.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia?

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia zimatha kukhala zingapo matenda, komabe ambiri a iwo ndi matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga amakhudza anthu 8%. Ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachulukitsa mwina chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin mthupi, kapena chifukwa choti insulin singagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Nthawi zambiri, kapamba amatulutsa insulin tikatha kudya, ndiye kuti maselo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ngati mafuta. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzikhala ndi shuga m'magazi munthawi yochepa.

Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga umakhala pafupifupi 5% yamilandu yonse ya matenda ashuga ndipo amachokera kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amachititsa insulin kutulutsa.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ali ponseponse ndipo amagwirizana ndi mfundo yoti insulin singagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Kuphatikiza pa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri, palinso matenda a shuga oyembekezera, mtundu wa shuga womwe umayamba mwa amayi apakati. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuyambira 2 mpaka 10% ya amayi apakati amavutika ndi izi.

Nthawi zina hyperglycemia sikuti chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Zina zomwe zingayambitsenso:

Pancreatitis (kutupa kwa kapamba)
Khansa yapakansa
Hyperthyroidism (chithokomiro chowonjezereka),
Cushing's Syndrome (milingo yokwezeka ya cortisol m'magazi),
Matenda achilendo obisa zotupa, kuphatikizapo glucagon, pheochromocytoma, kukula kwa mahomoni otulutsa zotupa,
Kupsinjika kwambiri kwa thupi, monga kugunda kwamtima, stroko, kuvulala kwambiri, matenda akulu atha kubweretsa matenda osakhalitsa a hyperglycemia,
Kumwa mankhwala ena, monga prednisone, estrogens, beta-blockers, glucagon, kulera pakamwa, phenothiazines, kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kodi Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia ndi ziti?

Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, mawonekedwe a shuga mumkodzo amawonedwa nthawi zambiri (glucosuria). Nthawi zambiri, mkodzo suyenera kukhala ndi glucose, chifukwa umasinthidwanso ndi impso.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia ndi ludzu lochulukirapo ndikuwonjezera kukodza. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kupweteka mutu, kutopa, kusawona bwino, kumva njala, komanso mavuto ndimalingaliro.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kubweretsa mwadzidzidzi ("diabetesica"). Izi zitha kuchitika ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 1 komanso matenda amitundu iwiri. Anthu odwala matenda amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 amakhala ndi hyperglycemic hyperosmolar bezketonovy syndrome (kapena hyperosmolar coma). Izi zotchedwa hyperglycemic crises ndi zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwala ngati chithandizo sichinayambike nthawi yomweyo.

Popita nthawi, hyperglycemia imatha kuwononga ziwalo ndi minofu. Hyperglycemia yomwe imakhalapo nthawi yayitali imachepetsa mayankho a chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabala ndi mabala asamayende bwino. Mchitidwe wamanjenje, mitsempha yamagazi, impso, ndi masomphenya amathanso kukhudzidwa.

Kodi matenda a hyperglycemia amapezeka bwanji?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesa magazi kuti idziwe hyperglycemia. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Magazi a Magazi Opanda Malire: Kupenda kumeneku kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo woperekedwa munthawi. Makhalidwe abwinobwino nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira 70 mpaka 125 mg / dl, monga tanena kale.
Kusala shuga: Dziwani zam'magazi m'mawa musanadye ndi kumwa. Magazi othamanga osokoneza bongo amakhala ochepera 100 mg / dl. Ngati mulingo wa 100-125 mg / dl ungaganizidwe kuti uli ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, komanso 126 mg / dl ndi pamwambapa - watenga kale shuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose pakamwa: Chiyeso chomwe chimayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kangapo kwakanthawi kambiri mutatha kudya shuga. Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a shuga.
Glycosylated hemoglobin: Ichi ndi muyeso wa glucose wolumikizidwa ndi maselo ofiira ammagazi, chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi.

Kodi hyperglycemia amathandizidwa bwanji?

Hypoglycemia yofatsa kapena yofupika nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo, zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga wamagazi kapena prediabetes amatha kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa shuga posintha zakudya zawo ndi moyo wawo. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwasankha zakudya zoyenera komanso moyo wabwino, lankhulani ndi dotolo wanu za izi kapena gwiritsani ntchito magwero omwe mungawadalire, monga chidziwitso kuchokera ku Diabetesic Association.

Insulin ndi mankhwala osankhidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso amathandizanso pochotsa mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala amkamwa komanso jakisoni. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amagwiritsanso ntchito insulin.

Hyperglycemia yoyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina imatha kusintha pakhungu la matenda oyambitsidwa. Nthawi zina, insulin imatha kutumizidwa kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga panthawi ya chithandizo.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimatha kuchitika ndi hyperglycemia?

Mavuto obwera kwanthawi yayitali ndi hyperglycemia amatha kwambiri. Amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ngati matendawo sawongolera bwino. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso mosavutikira, kwa nthawi yayitali. Nayi ena a iwo:

Matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi omwe angakulitse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi matenda a mtsempha wamagazi.
Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso, kuchititsa kulephera kwa impso,
Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha, kugunda, kupweteka komanso kumva kukhumudwa.
Matenda amaso, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa retina, khungu ndi khungu
Matendawa.

Dokotala uti kuti mulumikizane

Ngati pali ludzu, kuyabwa pakhungu, polyuria, muyenera kufunsa othandizira ndikuyesa magazi kuti mupeze shuga. ngati matenda a hyperglycemia apezeka, kapena adokotala akuwakayikira, wodwalayo apititsidwa kuchipatala kuti amupatse chithandizo. Zikachitika kuti hyperglycemia siimayenderana ndi matenda ashuga, matendawa amathandizidwa mothandizidwa ndi cardiologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia kukaonana ndi dotolo ndikuphunzira za mawonekedwe azakudya ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Gulu

Kutengera ndi zaumunthu, mitundu iyi ya hyperglycemia imasiyanitsidwa:

aakulu - akusuntha chifukwa chosagwira ntchito kapamba,
kutulutsa - kumawonekera poyankha kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamaganizidwe,
Alimentary - kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika mutadya,
mahomoni. Chomwe chimayambitsa kusuntha ndi kusalinganika kwa mahomoni.

Matenda

Fomuyi imapita patsogolo motsutsana ndi matenda a shuga. Katemera wa insulin wachepa ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a kapamba, komanso zinthu za chibadwa.

Mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndi amitundu iwiri:

postprandial hyperglycemia. Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga kumatha pambuyo podya
owonda. Zimayamba ngati munthu samadya chakudya chilichonse kwa maola 8.

zosavuta. Magazi a shuga amachokera ku 6.7 mpaka 8.2 mmol / L,
avareji ikuchokera ku 8.3 mpaka 11 mmol / l,
zolemetsa - Zizindikiro pamwamba 11.1 mmol / l.

Makope

Fomu ya alimentary imadziwika kuti ndi gawo lathanzi lomwe limapita patsogolo munthu atadya chakudya chambiri. Kuphatikizika kwa shuga kumadzuka patatha ola limodzi mutatha kudya. Palibe chifukwa chokongoletsa hypoglycemia ya alimentary, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikubwerera palokha kumakhala koyenera.

Zizindikiro

Ndikofunikira kudziwa mwachangu kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa mseru wamagazi m'magazi kuti apatse wodwalayo thandizo loyamba ndikuletsa kupitirira kwa zovuta zowopsa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia:

kusakwiya kwambiri, osasunthidwa ndi chilichonse,
ludzu lalikulu
dzanzi la milomo
kuzunzidwa koopsa
kulakalaka kwambiri (chizindikiro cha khalidwe),
thukuta kwambiri
kupweteka mutu kwambiri
kuchepa kwa chidwi,
chizindikiro cha matenda ndi mawonekedwe a fungo la mkamwa kuchokera pakamwa pa wodwala,
kutopa,
kukodza pafupipafupi,
khungu lowuma.