Njira zodziwira matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) si matenda amodzi, monga momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira, koma gulu lonse la matenda a metabolic. Amalumikizidwa ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira - kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, makamaka komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuphwanya kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba.

Momwe mungazindikire matenda ashuga - Funso ili limadetsa nkhawa ambiri omwe amakayikira kuti china chake sichili bwino ndi thanzi lawo. Mawonekedwe a matendawa amakhala akumva ludzu pafupipafupi komanso kukoka pafupipafupi, kukwiya komanso kuyabwa pakhungu, kufooka, kuphatikiza minofu, kugona, masana, kuthamanga kwambiri chifukwa chakudya.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa insulin kumachitika. Hormoni iyi imapangidwa m'madera apadera a kapamba - m'masumbu a Langerhans. Maselo a Beta amatulutsa. Ngati matendawa apezeka, maselo amafa, amawonongeka, ndiye kuti mahomoni samalowa m'magazi. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu woyamba amakhala kuti amachokera pakati kapena amangochitika zokha, popanda chifukwa chomveka (idiopathic).

Kukhazikika kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 (matenda oyamba) kumatha kukhala koopsa komanso koopsa pamoyo. Matenda aposachedwa amatha kuyipangitsa, nthawi zambiri matendawa amayambika nthawi ya kugwa kapena nthawi yozizira.

Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro zamatenda zimayonekera, zomwe zimalembedwa ndi adokotala. Khungu lowuma, kutsika kwake, kutsekemera pamasaya, kupuma movutikira, kupuma kwamaso. Monga lamulo, mu 15-20% kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mukatulutsa, mumanunkhiza acetone.

Panthawi yamankhwala, dokotala amayenera kupereka kuyeserera kwathunthu kwa ma laboratori. Zimaphatikizapo kusanthula kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kukhazikika pamtunda kwazolowereka ndi hyperglycemia. Mayeso ena angapo angatsimikizire kuti matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi ndani. Pankhaniyi, insulin yochotsa mankhwala imayikidwa.

Matenda a shuga a Type II (II) ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi matenda amtima, ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofunika kwambiri, kupewa komwe kumayang'aniridwa kwambiri masiku ano. Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin katemera motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchepa kwa chidwi cha zinthu kumachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Nthawi zambiri izi ndimatenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa cha cholowa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Mu matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, kuperewera kwa glucose kumayamba, kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana pamlingo komanso kutsatana ndi osiyanasiyana, komanso, kupatsa insulin.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga II a mtundu wachiwiri, kutopa kwambiri, chidwi, kuchuluka kwamkodzo, ludzu, kukokana kwamiyendo (makamaka usiku) kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha "kuwonekera" patatha zaka 40 motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda opatsirana (ochepa matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri).

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Zifukwa zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

1. Kukhazikika kwa khungu, vuto la metabolic lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wongokhala (kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi), komwe kumafanana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

2. Matenda a kapamba.

3. Matenda opatsirana omwe amakhumudwitsa ma virus, monga rubella, nthomba, fuluwenza.

Njira yayitali ya matenda ashuga, monga lamulo, imayendera limodzi ndi zovuta komanso kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake ndi retinopathy, kuphwanya kwa ntchito ya masomphenya, mpaka kungotulutsa khungu ndi khungu, ndizotheka. Nephropathy imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa impso, angiopathy - ili ndi zilonda zam'munsi zam'munsi ("diabetesic"). Nthawi zambiri izi zimabweretsa minofu necrosis, gangrene ndi kumadulidwa mwendo. Matenda a urogenital, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, komanso mano (matenda a periodontal) "amavutika" ndi milingo yayikulu yamagazi. Ndiye chifukwa chake, ngati matenda a shuga akuwakaikira, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa munthawi yake, ngati chithandizo chikufunika, ndikutsatira njira zodzitchinjiriza.

Laboratory matenda a shuga

Kuti adziwe matenda a shuga, adotolo ayenera kuyikira mayeso a labotale, kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wamagazi ndi mkodzo. Chifukwa chake pofufuza matenda a shuga, muyenera kupereka magazi a shuga, glycosylated hemoglobin ndi fructosamine. Kuti musiyanitse mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, kuyesa kwa glucose kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimaphatikizapo shuga, insulin, C-peptide. Kuyamwa kwa magazi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamimba yopanda kanthu (pafupifupi maola 8 mutatha chakudya chomaliza), imabwerezedwanso pambuyo pa maola awiri, pomwe wodwalayo akapatsidwa madzi akumwa ndi shuga wopasuka mkati mwake (75 g).

Kuti mupeze vuto la glucose, kuwunika kwa insulini kumachitika, ndikuwerengetsanso index ya HOMA-IR. Amawerengeredwa potengera shuga ndi insulin. Munthawi ya matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite mayeso kuti muwone momwe akuwongolera ndi kusintha njira yochiritsira.

Mwazi wamagazi. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi. Ngati munthu sakudwala matenda ashuga komanso ngati alibe njira zachitukuko, ndende imatsika sikuti imangokhala yokhazikika komanso kawirikawiri imachulukana.

Insulin - mahomoni omwe amawongolera shuga wamagazi, komanso kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta. Ngati sichobisidwa mokwanira, glucose amakula. Kuchulukaku kukuwonetsa shuga yachiwiri ya shuga. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa timadzi timeneti kumayikidwa kuti athetse vuto la kukonzekera kwa insulin, komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa zovuta zamatenda a metabolic. Proinsulin - molekyulu yopanga insulin, imadziwika ndi magawo a pancreatic beta cell.

C peptide - Chidutswa cha proinsulin chozungulira m'magazi ndikulolera kuwunika magwiridwe antchito a ma cell a pancreatic.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (glycated, HBA1c) Ndi pawiri wa hemoglobin wokhala ndi glucose. Kukhalapo kwa phula ili m'magazi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa miyezi iwiri yapitayi, chifukwa khungu lofiira limakhala ndi moyo masiku 90. Chifukwa chake, imatha kukhala chizindikiro cha labotale nthawi yayitali lisanachitike zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga. Kusanthula kwakulimbikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation, kuphatikizapo gawo lofunikira pakuwunika njira ya matenda ashuga.

Fructosamine. Fructosamine amawonetsanso kusintha kwa glucose m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayo.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda ashuga

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kumvetsetsa ndikuti moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndiwotheka. Koma mtundu wake umadalira molingana ndi dongosolo la mankhwala komanso njira zopewera zotchulidwa ndi dokotala.

Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi shuga. Chifukwa chake, mukuyenera kugulira glucometer yokhala ndi zingwe zoyesera. Kudya kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Pewani michere yambiri komanso kuchepa kwa ena, mwachitsanzo, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omaliza m'thupi ndipo musapitirire zomwe mwalimbikitsa.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimakhudza kwambiri kukonzanso kwa moyo wa munthu yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuchepetsa shuga. Izi sizowona konse. Musamaphunzitse zolimba kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu. Ndikofunikanso kupatula zochitika mu masewera olimbitsa thupi (kusewera, kutsamira, kusewera).

Kumbukirani, kudziwongolera nokha kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosatsimikiziridwa, njira zina sizothandiza, komanso zowopsa m'moyo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Pali zinsomba zitatu, zipilala zitatu, malamulo atatu oyambira, kuyang'ana ndi kudalira omwe, mudzatulukira ogambana polimbana ndi mdani wopusitsayu.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira mfundo zofunika:

• kupewa ndi kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa,
• kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa,
• malangizo okhwima komanso kuwunika tsiku ndi tsiku zaumoyo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 a mtundu wambiri mpaka magawo owerengeka ndi zolephera (zosokoneza) mu kapamba.

Ndi iye yemwe amayang'anira "kupanga" kwa insulin, kusiya kuzipanga kapena kuchepetsa zokolola. Ndipo insulin, monga mukudziwa, ndiyo "yoyang'anira" yayikulu ya kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amadziwika ndi nyengo komanso zovuta zake. Mwachidule: insulini imapangidwa mokwanira, koma samadziwikanso ndi maselo a thupi la munthu.

Pazomwe zimayambitsa kulephera m'thupi, malingaliro a amuna ochokera ku sayansi amasiyana. Koma ndi chimodzi mwanjira imodzi: matenda a "shuga" ndimatenda osapatsirana. Sichisamutsidwa kuchoka kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu.

Zoyambira zingaphatikizeponso:

1. Kukhala paubwenzi ndi odwala ndi cholowa. Pano lingaliro la asayansi ndilogwirizana: kuyambiranso kwamatendawa ndikokwera kwambiri m'mabanja amenewo momwe mumakhala zowawa kale pothana ndi izi. Mbale, mlongo, amayi, abambo - kuyanjana kwambiri, kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha matendawa.
2. Kuchuluka, kusadzaza thanzi ndiko kunenepa kwambiri. Chilichonse chadziwika apa. Munthu, nthawi zambiri, amadziwa kuvulaza kwa vuto lake ndipo amayesetsa kuti achepetse thupi.
3. Matenda akulu ndi owopsa: oncology kapena pancreatitis. Amapha ma cell a pancreatic beta. Tetezerani kapamba wanu kuti asavulale.
4. Matenda a virus ndi njira yabwino yopangira matenda ashuga. Zimatha kukhala: hepatitis ya ma virus, rubella, pox. Tsoka ilo, chimfine chingakhalenso chochititsa chiyambi cha matenda. Ndikofunikira kupangira pompopompo: unyolo womveka kapena chiyanjano cha "chimfine" sichinakhazikitsidwe. Komabe, ngati njira ya chimfine imakulirakulira chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso cholowa chamadongosolo obadwa nawo, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kukambirana za kupezeka kwamatendawa ndimatenda ambiri - ndiye chimfine chomwe chimatha kukhala chothandizira kukulitsa matenda a shuga.
5. Ndipo potsiriza, uno ndi m'badwo. Kafukufuku akuti zaka khumi zilizonse za moyo zimachulukitsa kawiri matenda. Koma kuthetsa zifukwa pamwambazi, mutha kuyambitsa mkangano ndi ziwerengero zoyipazi.

Momwe mungadziwire shuga kunyumba?

Zachidziwikire, ndi dokotala woyenera yekha yemwe angadziwe matenda a shuga. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimayenera kuchenjeza, ziwapangitse kuwomba alamu ndikupereka chifukwa cholumikizana ndi chipatala.

Umu ndi momwe ziliri zomwe zidatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi - matenda oyamba ndi matenda. Ndi iye amene atha kupewa, ngati sangapewe, ndiye kuti ali ndi matenda.

Momwe mungadziwire ndikudziwiratu matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe osavuta aumoyo wawo?

Zizindikiro za matenda:

1. Pakamwa pakamwaludzu losatha. Kufunika kokhazikika kwa ola lathunthu ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a "shuga".
2. Kulakalaka kwambiri. "Zhor" yosalamulirika, pakupezeka koyipa kwambiri kwa mawu. Ichi sichizindikiro cha thanzi, koma m'malo mwake. Makamaka pankhani ya matenda ashuga. Kuthira chakudya kwakukulu kumeneku kumayamba chifukwa cha njala ya m'magazi, pomwe maselo amthupi sangathe kuphwanya glucose owonjezera m'magazi. Poterepa, amakakamizidwa kufunafuna thandizo pamimba. Izi ndizowopsa.
3. Kukodza kwambiri (kuchuluka diuresis). Impso, pochotsa glucose kudzera mkodzo, munthawi yomweyo umawononga thupi. Kumwa zochuluka ndikupita kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri? Yesani magazi nthawi yomweyo.
4. Kulemera kumatayika. Uku ndi kuyitananso kwinanso. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yofanana ndi njala ndikukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya, kulemera kwa munthu kumatsika msanga, osazengereza mayeso.
5. Kuuma kowawa ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu. Ngati pali kusasokonekera kosalekeza chifukwa khungu limayimitsidwa kapena kuyamwa, pakapita nthawi yayitali pustular foci - pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi ndi zizindikiro zowopsa.
6. Kuwona m'mavutoine. Kutsika kowoneka bwino kwa chidwi cha nkhope, mawonekedwe a chotchinga chosasunthika pamaso pa maso, popanda mawonekedwe kapena zifukwa zakunja, zonsezi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha nkhawa.

Njira zasayansi ndi mitundu yodziwitsa ena

Chodabwitsa kwambiri chodziwitsa za matendawa ndikuti palibe zovuta kuzindikiritsa matendawa. Chilichonse ndichopepuka, ziribe kanthu kuti zingamveke zachilendo bwanji.

Sewero la momwe zinthu ziliri ndikuti nthawi zambiri anthu amapita kwa dokotala pamene matendawo apeza mitundu yapamwamba. Ndipo izi zisanachitike, odwalawo adadzipangira okha mankhwala "pamalangizo a agogo awo," atadzifufuza kale.

Monga lamulo, wodwala wotere samapita kwa dokotala pansi pa mphamvu yake, koma m'galimoto ya ambulansi, ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.

Koma masiku ano, madokotala ali ndi njira zambiri komanso zida zabwino kwambiri zodziwira matenda atangoyamba kumene. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musankhe osati mtundu wa shuga wokha, komanso, mutayikiratu mphamvu zake pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuti muzineneratu zovuta zomwe zingachitike kuti mupewe komanso kulandira chithandizo.

Kuti achititse kafukufuku, wodwala amayenera kutenga magazi ndi mkodzo zitsanzo.

Kusanthula ndi kusanthula kwa mankhwala pamasamba awa kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda omwe ali ndi "shuga" panthawi yomwe zizindikiro zina za matendawa sizinawonekere.

Kuzindikira kwa Laborator kumakhala ndi mitundu ingapo. Kusanthula kosavuta kwambiri komwe kumachitika koyamba ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuti sampuli (magazi) imatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Chachiwiri, chothandiza kwambiri ndi kuyesedwa kwa katundu. Chofunikira chake ndikuti wodwala amatenga mkati (komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu) yankho la magalamu 75 a madzi amadzimadzi pa 250 ml ya madzi. Ndipo, pakatha ola limodzi kapena awiri, msinkhu wamagazi amayendera.

Kuyika tebulo la zotsatira za mayeso a shuga:

Pomaliza ndi cholinga chokwanira, kafukufuku wowonjezera mkodzo amagwiritsidwa ntchito - kuwunika kwa shuga tsiku lililonse. Mwa wodwala wathanzi, shuga mkodzo sayenera kupezeka.

Ndi kukaikira kwina, adokotala atha kukuwunikirani kusanthula kwamikodzo kwa acetone, kupezeka kwake komwe kumawonetsa kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu la wodwalayo.

Kusiyanitsa kosiyanasiyana kumachitika kuti kusiyanitsa matenda ashuga ndi matenda ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndikofunikira pakakhala kofunikira kufotokozera mtundu wamatenda, kuuma kwake.

Kusiyanitsa mosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wolondola kwambiri wamaphunziro womwe umatsimikiza osati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mitunduyi ya maphunziro ndi monga:

1. Kusanthula paCpeptide. Zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe momwe maselo a pancreatic amatha "kutulutsa" insulin mokwanira m'mthupi la munthu. Kwa matenda amtundu 1, chizindikirochi chidzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mwa mtundu 2 adzakhala abwinobwino kapenanso ochulukirachulukira.
2. Zomwe zikuchitika. Amatsimikiza kupezeka kwa ma antibodies mu tiziwalo ta kapamba. Ngati apezeka, ndiye kuti wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1.
3. Kusanthula kwa majini. Zimakuthandizani kudziwa momwe wodwalayo amatengera matendawo.

Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe ali pamwambapa, kuyesa kwina kumachitika kuti muwone kukhalapo kwa resistin, ghrelin, leptin, proinsulin ndi adiponectin m'magazi.

Kodi matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji?

Matenda a shuga motero sichimawopseza moyo wa munthu. Komabe, kuopsa koopsa komanso kowopsa ndikodzaza ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha matendawa.

Nawo pang'ono chabe mwa iwo:

1. Kutupa. Itha kukhala yayikulu kapena yozungulira (kwanuko) mwachilengedwe. Edema amakhala ndi vuto la impso. Apa mukuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kwambiri matenda ashuga nephropathy, omwe amawatcha kuti ndiwosatha.
2. Kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Malingaliro okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga a m'mimba omwe amapita patsogolo amapangidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumachotsedwa mu mtsempha wamagazi. Mlandu wachiwiri, madokotala amatsimikizira matenda a shuga - pamene kuthamanga kwambiri m'mitsempha yam'munsi kumakhazikitsidwa. Imadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito dopplerography ya ultrasound.
3. Coma Mawonekedwe ake owopsa kwambiri ndi ketoacidotic. Imapezeka nthawi zambiri. Mpweya wodwalayo umachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa poizoni wopangidwa ndi thupi wafika pachimake. Poizoniyu amatha kusokoneza ma cell a ubongo. Komanso chikomokere chimatha kukhala Hyper- ndi hypoglycemic, ndiye kuti chizindikiritso cha shuga m'magazi chikakwera kwambiri kapena chotsika poyerekeza ndi mfundo zofunika.
4. Zilonda zam'mimba. Sangokhala okha matenda odziyimira pawokha, omwe amadziwika ndi kusachiritsika kwa khungu, koma ndi anzawo owawa a shuga.
5. Gangrene. Izi ndi chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a shuga, pamene mitengo ikuluikulu komanso yaying'ono yomwe imakhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo imasokonekera komanso kuchepa kwa minofu ya necrosis. Nthawi zambiri, chiganizo chotsatira sichingalephereke - kuduladula miyendo ndi manja.

Kanema wochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva okhudza zidziwitso ndi matendawa:

Ndiponso: Matenda a shuga si chiganizo chongoyerekeza. Koma, monga matenda aliwonse, ndizosavuta kuzipewa kuposa kumenyana nawo. Zakudya zoyenera, moyo wokangalika ndi moyo wathanzi, kuwunikira moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku - awa ndi maupangiri ochepa, kutsatira zomwe mudzadzipatsa nokha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.