Kutulutsa kwa Islet - Njira Yochizira Matenda Odzidalira a Insulin

Kusintha kwa maselo otulutsa insulin amatha kuteteza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga - hypoglycemia, khunyu, ngakhale kufa. Ndipo ngakhale masiku ano ntchito zoterezi zimachitika pokhapokha, madokotala aku America amafuna kulandira chiphaso ndikuyambitsa ukadaulo wothandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

"Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga a m'magazi ndi othandizadi, ndipo amatha kuthandiza odwala ena," watero wolemba kafukufuku wamkulu, Dr. Bernhard Goering wa University of Minnesota, yemwe gulu lake likufunsira chilolezo ku U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga ma cell a kapamba omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe, timadzi tomwe timasintha shuga m'magazi kukhala mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli mwachindunji umadalira jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin, komabe, chithandizo choterechi chimayambitsanso zovuta zina zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga omwe amapita pancreatic transplantation amatha kuthana ndi matendawa, koma uku ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yofooketsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake asayansi kwa zaka zambiri amagwira ntchito yosavulaza: kusamutsa maselo am'mapapo.

Mkulu wama glucose akatsika kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amakumana ndi zizindikiro zingapo: kunjenjemera, thukuta, ndi thukuta. Ambiri aiwo amadziwa kuti panthawiyi ndikofunikira kwambiri kudya china chake chokoma kapena kubaya insulini. Komabe, ngakhale akudziwa za kubwezera kumeneku, 30% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amapezeka pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wa odwala omwe adalandila ma cell a pancreatic adawonetsa zotsatira zisanachitike: 52% imakhala yodziyimira pawokha patatha chaka chimodzi, 88% imachotsa ziwopsezo za hypoglycemia yayikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosadukiza. Zaka 2 atachitidwa opaleshoni, 71% ya omwe adachitapo kafukufuku adawonetserabe magwiridwe antchito.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi ndi: Zakudya Zosiyanasiyana: Zikhulupiriro 10

"Ndi mphatso yodabwitsa kwambiri," atero Lisa, yemwe adalandira kagawo kakang'ono ka cell mu 2010 ndipo safunikanso jakisoni wa insulin. Amakumbukira kuchuluka kwake komwe adachita mantha ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, komanso momwe zinkamuvutira kuntchito komanso kunyumba. Pambuyo pochulukitsa maselo apakhungu, shuga m'magazi amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi kupepuka kwa thupi.

Zotsatira zoyipa za maselo otulutsa insulin zimaphatikizapo magazi ndi matenda. Komanso, odwala ayenera kumwa mankhwala a immunosuppressive pamoyo wawo wonse kuti apewe kukana maselo awo atsopano. Komabe, popangitsa kuti chithandizo cha matenda ashuga akhale otchipa, mankhwala atha kusintha kwambiri moyo wa mamiliyoni aanthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Islet Cell Transplantation - General

Njira yolimbana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba I amanena za njira zoyesera zochizira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poika ziwongola dzanja kuchokera kwa wopereka kupita kwa wodwala wodwala. Pambuyo pakuziika, maselowo amamera ndipo amayamba kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo yopanga mahomoni, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatanthauza, ndipo munthu amabwerera moyo wabwinobwino. Ndipo ngakhale njira yomwe ikuwunikidwira ikuchitika gawo loyesera, zochitika zoyambira za anthu zawonetsa kuti njirayi imagwiradi ntchito, ngakhale imakhudzana ndi zovuta zina.

Chifukwa chake, pazaka zisanu zapitazi, zoposa zoposa 5,000 ntchito zoterezi zachitika padziko lapansi, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikuchulukira chaka chilichonse. Zotsatira za kufalikira kwa maselo ndi zolimbikitsanso, chifukwa malinga ndi ziwerengero, 85% ya odwala atachira amakhala odziimira okha. Zowona, odwala otere sadzayiwala za kumwa insulin kosatha. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse mwadongosolo.

Chithandizo choyambirira cha matenda ashuga

Masiku ano, njira ina yopezera insulini ndiyo kufalikira kwa ma insulin omwe amapanga maselo a wodwala. Koma njirayi imafunikira kukonzanso kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kupewa kufa mwachangu kwa maselo obwera.

Njira imodzi yopewera chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kuphimba ma cell ndi ma hydrogel apadera ma mawonekedwe a microscopic makapisozi. Koma makapisozi a hydrogel sikovuta kuchotsa, chifukwa samalumikizana, ndipo mazana zikwizikwi amathandizidwa pakagwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Kutha kuchotsa kufalikira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa asayansi, chifukwa tsinde la cell lothandizira limalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwina.

Chifukwa chake, pochiza matenda ashuga, njira yokhayo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi insulin ndikuwonjezera maselo ambiri, otetezedwa. Koma kupatulira maselo kuti ukasungidwe kumakhala kwangozi.

Kutsatira mfundo zomveka, gulu la Cornell University linaganiza "kulumikiza maselo pazingwe."

"Ma cell a beta omwe adalowetsedwa akalephera kapena kufa, ayenera kuchotsedwa kwa wodwalayo. Chifukwa cha kutidzutsira, ili palibe vuto, "akutero Ma.

Polimbikitsidwa ndi kusinkhasinkha kwa madontho amadzi pa intaneti, Dr. Ma ndi gulu lake adayesa kulumikiza makapisozi omwe anali ndi zisumbu mu unyolo. Koma asayansi adazindikira mwachangu kuti ndibwino kuyika mawonekedwe a hydrogel wogawana mozungulira "chingwe "cho ndi ma cell a beta.

Chingwecho chinali ulusi wa nitrate polymer wa calcium ionized. Chipangizocho chimayamba ndi mitsuko iwiri yosanja yopindika yolowera kuzowonekera, kenako imapinda kuti izithandizira zokutira.

Denga loonda la alginate hydrogel limayikidwa pazomwe zimapangidwira koyambirira, zomwe zimamatira kuzinthu zanoporous, zogwira ndikuteteza maselo amoyo. Zotsatira zake ndichinthu chomwe chimawoneka ngati madontho amame omwe adazungulirazungulira pamwala. Zomwe zimapangidwazo sizongokometsera zokongola, koma, monga munthu wosaiwalika anganene, zotsika mtengo, zodalirika komanso zothandiza. Zigawo zonse za chipangizochi ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zogwirizana.

Alginate Ndi algae yotulutsa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika ma cell a pancreatic.

Ulusiwo umatchedwa TRAFFIC (Thread-Reinforced Alginate Fiber For Islets enCapsulation), zomwe zimatanthawuza "ulusi wolimbitsa ulusi wolimbitsa zolimba kwa ma isaps.

"Mosiyana ndi mame owongoleredwa ndi projekiti pa intaneti, palibe malo pakati pa makapisozi. Kwa ife, mipata ingakhale chisankho cholakwika pakupanga minyewa ndi zina zotere, "ofufuzawo akufotokozera.

Opaleshoni imodzi m'malo mwa jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse

Kuti adziwitse kulowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu, akuyenera kuti agwiritse ntchito opaleshoni yovulaza ya laparoscopic: ulusi woonda wamtali wamtali wamtali umalowetsedwa pamatumbo a wodwalayo panthawi yomwe akutsala pang'ono ntchito.

“Wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kusankha pakati pa jakisoni ndi opaleshoni yoopsa. Timangofunika kudula ziwiri inchi. Mimba imadzaza ndi mpweya woipa, womwe umapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yopepuka, pambuyo pake dokotalayo amalumikiza madoko awiri ndikuyika ulusi ndi chodzikiramo, "alembowo akufotokozera.

Malinga ndi a Dr. Ma, malo akulu okuikika ndi ofunikira kuti amasulidwe kwambiri a insulini, kutulutsa kwambiri. Maselo onse okhala ndi beta amapezeka pafupi ndi chipangizocho, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Ziwerengero zokhala ndi moyo zomwe zikuyembekezeka masiku ano zikuwonetsa nthawi yowoneka bwino ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka itatu, ngakhale ziyeso zowonjezera zikufunika.

Kuyesa kwa nyama kunawonetsa kuti mu mbewa, glucose wamagazi amabwereranso kwazonse masiku awiri atakhazikitsidwa chingwe cha 1-inch TRAFFIC, chokhala m'malire ovomerezeka kwa miyezi itatu atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena kupitilira apo.

Kutha kuchotsa zomwe zimayikidwazo kunayesedwa bwino pa agalu angapo, omwe asayansi atayika pataroscoply ndikuchotsa ulusi mpaka mainchesi 25 (25 cm).

Monga ananenera madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuchokera ku gulu la Dr. Ma, pa nthawi ya opareshoni yochotsa zofunikirazo, panali kusowa kapena kugwiritsika kochepa kwa chipangizocho ku minofu yoyandikana nayo.

Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi American Diabetes Association.

Ndi mankhwala amakono omwe akugwira ntchito

Popeza kupanda ungwiro kwa kusintha kwa maselo kuchokera kwa wopereka kupita kwa wodwala chifukwa chokana maselo amenewa, komanso chifukwa chakukula kwakuthupi kotsalira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la impso, chiwindi kapena matenda am'mapapo, mankhwala amakono sataya mwayi wopeza njira zina, zoyenera kwambiri zothetsera vuto la insulin .

Njira imodzi mwanjira imeneyi ndi kuphatikizika kwa maselo ochepa omwe ali mu labotale. Ndiye kuti, asayansi amati odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yayikulu ya shuga I amatenga maselo awo ndikuwachulukitsa, kenako ndikuwayika m'gulu la "matenda ashuga". Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, njira yothetsera vutoli ili ndi zabwino zambiri.

Choyamba, amapereka chiyembekezo cha kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wake kwa odwala omwe akhala akuyembekezera kwa zaka zambiri kuti awonekere wopereka opereshoni woyenerera. Maselo ofunikira amathetseratu vutoli. Ndipo chachiwiri, monga momwe machitidwe akuwonekera, maselo anu omwe, omwe amapangidwa mwakufalitsa, amakhala mizu ya thupi la wodwalayo bwinoko ndikukhalitsa. Komabe, ndipo pamapeto pake amawonongedwa. Mwamwayi, asayansi akunena kuti maselo osakanika amatha kuperekedwa kwa wodwala kangapo.

Palinso lingaliro lina la asayansi, lomwe limapereka chiyembekezo kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Asayansi amati kukhazikitsa jini yomwe imayambitsa insulini posachedwa kungathetse vutoli. Kuyesera koteroko kwathandizira kale makoswe a labotale kuchiritsa matenda ashuga. Zowona, kuti anthu achite ntchito, nthawi iyenera kudutsa, zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, masiku ano ma labotore ena a sayansi akuchita ntchito yopanga mapuloteni ena apadera, omwe akaphatikizidwa ndi thupi, adzapangitsa maselo a islet kuti achulukane mkati mwa kapamba. Amanenanso kuti mu nyama njira iyi yatulutsa kale zabwino ndipo nthawi yolumikizana ikuperekedwa kuti iperekedwe kwa anthu.

Komabe, njira zonsezi zili ndi vuto limodzi lalikulu - kusamva chitetezo, komwe kumawononga maselo a Largenhans ndi liwiro lawo, komanso ngakhale mwachangu. Dziko lasayansi silikudziwa yankho la funso loti athetse bwanji chiwonongekochi kapena momwe angatetezere maselo ku zotsatira zoyipa za chitetezo chamthupi. Asayansi ena akuyesera kupanga katemera wotsutsana ndi chiwonongeko ichi, pomwe ena akutenga ma immunomodulators omwe amalonjeza kuti atha kusintha kwenikweni m'derali. Pali iwo omwe akuyesera kupereka maselo omwe adalowetsedwa ndi zokutira zapadera zomwe zingawateteze ku chiwonongeko cha chitetezo chokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi aku Israeli adachitapo kale opaleshoni yofanana ndi munthu wodwala mu 2012 ndipo akuwunika momwe aliri, kupulumutsa wodwalayo kufunika koti ajime insulin tsiku lililonse.

Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, akuti nthawi yakumapeto kwa zinthu zochulukitsa siinafike. Komabe, asayansi ali ndi chidaliro kuti posachedwa azitha kuonetsetsa kuti maselo omwe adalowetsedwa samakanidwa ndi thupi ndipo samawonongeka pakapita nthawi, monga zikuchitika masiku ano. M'tsogolomu, njira iyi yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga imalonjeza kuti ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kuphatikizira zikondamoyo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera, poganiza kuti ntchito yovuta kwambiri, yowopsa komanso yodula.
Samalirani thanzi lanu!