Alfa-cholesterol ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafuta m'thupi omwe amayendetsedwa ngati mbali ya lipoproteins yapamwamba.

Tizilombo ta HDL timapangidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera ku apolipoproteins A1 ndi A2 omwe amagwirizana ndi phospholipids. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timapangidwa amatchedwa ma disks chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a disk. M'magazi, tinthu timeneti timalumikizana ndi ma lipoprotein ena komanso maselo, mofulumira ndikupanga cholesterol ndikupeza mawonekedwe okhwima. Cholesterol imadziwika pompoprotein pamwamba pake ndi phospholipids. Komabe, enzyme lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LHAT) imagwirizira cholesterol ku cholesterol ester, yomwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa hydrophobicity, imalowa mkati mwa gawo la tinthu, imamasula malo pamtunda.

Ntchito yayikulu ya HDL ndikusamutsa cholesterol yowonjezereka ku chiwindi, kuchokera komwe amamasulidwa mu mawonekedwe a bile acids.

Kufunika Kwachilichonse Kuchepetsa

Low HDL cholesterol imakhala pachiwopsezo chokha cholesterol yathunthu ndipo imawonetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. HDL cholesterol imatsimikizika ndi cholinga chodziwonetsetsa kuti chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis chitha, chizindikirochi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwunika kuyankhidwa kwa mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa lipid.

Tsiku lomaliza lomaliza pa nkhaniyi: 03/12/2018

Mafuta a cholesterol amaphatikizidwa

Cholesterol onse amalandiridwa mu chakudya ndi kupangidwa ndi thupi ndi lipophilic mowa, wopanda madzi. Pa kayendedwe kake mthupi lonse, mumakhala ma protein ena onyamula. Vutoli ndi cholesterol limatchedwa lipoproteins ndipo limayimiriridwa ndi mafuta komanso mapuloteni. Amasiyana m'magulu, kapangidwe kake, chiyerekezo cha zinthu zomwe zimapezeka:

1. Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri ndi ma chylomicrons.
2. Ang'ono kwambiri ndi pre-beta lipoproteins (otsika kwambiri osalimba lipoproteins, VLDL).
3. Pang'onong'ono kwambiri a beta lipoproteins (beta cholesterol, lowensens lipoproteins, LDL).
4. Aung'ono kwambiri ndi alpha lipoproteins (alpha cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, HDL).

Mosiyana ndi LDL, HDL ili ndi mapuloteni ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri.

Kufunika kwa lipoproteins

Thupi limafunikira lipoprotein yonse. Beta lipoproteins ndikofunikira monga kufalitsa cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku minofu. Mu minofu ya cholesterol, mahomoni ofunikira, ma enzymes, etc. amapangidwa. Ndipo kuchepa kwawo kokhako kumatsogolera pakusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu.

Ntchito ya HDL, kapena alpha cholesterol, ndikusintha cholesterol kuchokera ku maselo amisempha yosiyanasiyana, komanso kuchokera kumitsempha yamagazi, kuphatikizira ku chiwindi, komwe amapangidwira: cholesterol imaphwanya bile bile ndikusiya thupi.

Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa LP ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pakukula msanga kwamafuta m'mitsempha, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Kukula kwa ma beta-lipoprotein ndi alpha lipoprotein kumawalola kulowa mosavuta zombo. Kuchokera kwa iwo kuti adapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa kuyika kwamkati mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha. Pokhala ochepa, mapuloteni a alpha amatha "kutuluka" khoma la mtima. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa beta lipoproteins. Chifukwa chake, amakhalabe m'matumba. Koma mapuloteni a alpha amathandizira, omwe amasiya zombozo, amatha, "kumenyetsa" ma pre-beta-lipoproteins ndi beta lipoproteins kuchokera kukhoma lamankhwala, komanso kukopa ndi cholesterol yoyenera.

HDL imatha kumenya bwino LDL, yomwe imakwezedwa. Koma mphamvu ya chitetezo chotere imachepa pomwe LDL idayika khoma lamkati lamitsempha yamagazi imadutsa oxidation. Kenako thupi limakumana nawo ndikulimbitsa thupi. Izi zimabweretsa kuyankha kwakanthawi konyentchera mchombo, chomwe chimasokoneza ntchito yoteteza kuyeretsa kwa HDL. Zotsatira zake, nembanemba ya chotengera imasintha.

Chifukwa chake dzina la "zoipa" cholesterol (beta, LDL ndi pre-beta lipoproteins, VLDL) ndi "lothandiza" (alpha lipoproteins, HDL).

Mapuloteni a alfa amapangidwa ndi thupi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa beta. Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol "yabwino" simabwera ndi thanzi la anthu. Ngati imakwezedwa m'magazi a anthu, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewu umatchedwa kuti syndrome ya moyo wautali. Mwa kukhalapo kwake, imateteza thupi ku ma pathological amana mu mtsempha wamagazi osati okha.

Imawonetsetsa kuti magawo onse a maselo agwire ntchito bwino. Amatenga nawo mbali pakukula kwa minofu, kudzipatula kwa minyewa ya mitsempha, imakhala ndi ntchito yoteteza maselo ofiira amwazi, kuwateteza ku poizoni, amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu a mahomoni. Zofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ali bwino mthupi la munthu.

Cholesterol ndi lipoprotein kuwongolera

Njira yoyenera yophunzirira milingo ya alpha ndi beta lipoprotein, komanso cholesterol, kuchuluka kwawo ndi mbiri ya lipid.

Amatsimikizika ndi magazi a venous. Musanayambe kuwunika, kukonzekera kumafunikira:

• kukana chakudya mu maola 12,
• kupatula zakudya zamafuta pamlungu,
• kupatula zolimbitsa thupi sabata limodzi,
• kusiya kusuta fodya ndi mowa patsiku.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mbiri ya lipid kamodzi kamodzi pazaka zisanu.

Mayeso a cholesterol ambiri akhoza kuchitika ngati gawo la lipid mbiri, lomwe limayang'ananso LDL (low lowens lipoproteins), HDL (high density lipoproteins) and triglycerides

Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins m'magazi, kuwerengera kwa atherogenic coefflication (KA) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiwowerengera.

Kutanthauzira kwa spacecraft ndi motere:

• KA mpaka 3 ndiye chizolowezi,
• KA 3−5 - okwera,
• KA yopitilira 5 - idakula kwambiri.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa CA umasiyana malinga ndi zaka, jenda, komanso kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa msambo kwa akazi. Kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, kuchuluka kwa CA, komwe kumakwezedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi achichepere, ndizosiyana mwanjira iliyonse.

Chifukwa chiyani kusanthula ndikofunikira?

Kulekanitsidwa kwa cholesterol mu "koyipa" ndi "zabwino" kumakupatsani mwayi wokhudzana ndi zovuta za alpha lipoprotein pa thupi la munthu. Kutsika kwa chidziwitso choyenera cha lipoprotein A kukuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu komwe kumachitika mu kama wamitsempha - kuwonjezeka kwa LDL ndi triglycerides, komwe ndi kowopsa pakupanga matenda a atherosulinotic.

Nawonso kukwera kwambiri kwa HDL kumathandizanso kuti matenda a lipid metabolite asokonezeka. Kuchulukitsidwa kawiri m'ndende ya LP (a) kukuwonetsa chiopsezo chokulira kwa atherosulinosis. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti cholesterol yachibadwa m'magazi a anthu ndi kuchuluka kwa alpha lipoprotein pokhapokha 0.3 g / l kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima wapadera ndi 2 kapena kuposa apo. Ndipo ngati wodwalayo adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa zonsezo (HDL ndi LDL) malinga ndi zotsatira zakukonzekera bwino mayesowo ndi mtundu wawo, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu chikuwonjezeka nthawi 8.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula?

Kukonzekera koyesedwa kwa magazi kumapangitsa kudalirika kwa zotsatirapo zake komanso njira yotsatirika yamankhwala. Akatswiri amadziwa mfundo zingapo zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi odwala onse popanda kupatula:

• Kuyambira pa chakudya chomaliza mpaka chopereka chazinthu zofunikira kuti zifufuzidwe, pafupifupi maola 8 ayenera kudutsa. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatengedwa "pamimba yopanda kanthu." Ngakhale tiyi, msuzi kapena khofi saloledwa. Koma madzi wamba opanda mafuta pang'ono ndizovomerezeka.
• Madzulo a wodwala tikulimbikitsidwa kukana kudya mafuta, osuta komanso okazinga. Komanso osapatula zakumwa zakudyazo.
• Ola limodzi musanatenge magazi, muyenera kusiya kusuta.
• Komanso, simuyenera kupereka mankhwala komanso magazi monga ultrasound, X-ray, fluorography ndi physiotherapy ina tsiku limodzi.
• Mphindi 30 mpaka 40 asanalandire mankhwala, wodwalayo amakhala atapanikizika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena kutengeka.

Zida zoperekera mankhwala (a). Zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa alpha cholesterol m'thupi la wodwalayo ndi seramu yotengedwa kuchokera ku magazi a venous. Kutolere kwachilengedwe kumachitika mu chubu cha vacuum nthawi yomweyo phunzirolo lisanachitike. Nthawi ya kusanthula kwa kutsimikiza kwa mankhwalawa (a) ndi pafupifupi 1 tsiku la bizinesi.

Kodi alpha cholesterol wamba ndi chiyani?

Kuunika kowopsa kotenga matenda a mtima ndi mtima kumatheka pokhapokha ngati pali malingaliro ena ovomerezeka ndi akatswiri a HDL yoyenera. Ndiye, lipoprotein (a) nthawi yayitali yokhala moyo wamunthu ndi chiyani?

Akatswiri amati magawo azizindikiro amatha kusiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa cha ma reagents, komanso kulondola kwa zida zomwe kuyezetsa magazi kwa wodwalayo kumachitika. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti jenda la wodwalayo limakhudzanso mulingo woyenera wa lipoprotein zonse. Chifukwa chake, mwa abambo ndizotsika pang'ono kuposa akazi.

Unikani bwino momwe wodwalayo alili ndikuwonetsa zoopsa, amalola kuyeserera kwa atherogenic kochokera akatswiri. Ntchito yake ndikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa cholesterol yabwino ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu (yoyipa ndi yabwino) m'magazi a anthu.

Chizindikiro choyenera cha kuthekera kwa atherogenic chikuyenera kukhala mulingo wa 2-2.25. Kwa ana akhanda, sizidutsa 1, ndipo kwa amuna azaka zopitilira 40, osapitilira 3.5.

Kuchulukitsa lipoprotein a

Lingaliro lolakwika la odwala ambiri kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa HDL m'mwazi kumawonetsera kuti thupi silikhala labwino nthawi zonse. Poona koyamba, chizindikirocho chimakhala ndi cholesterol yabwino, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumapita ndi chiwindi, ndipo mitsempha ya magazi imayeretsedwa.

Akatswiri akuti kuwonjezerako pang'ono chizindikiro cha HDL kukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha machitidwe amthupi, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima. Koma kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma alpha lipoprotein m'magazi a wodwala kungawonetse kukhalapo kwa matenda monga:

• Hyperlipoproteinemia. Asayansi amati mawuwa ndi a patrotein omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa milomo ya milomo m'magazi. Ili ndi chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho ndipo imatha kupezeka m'mibadwo ingapo m'banja limodzi.
• Matenda a chiwindi. Tikulankhula za biliary kapena, monga momwe chimatchulidwanso kuti, "cirrhosis chachikulu".
• Matenda a hepatitis amtundu uliwonse.
• Kuledzera kwambiri kwa wodwala. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa.
• Odwala a nephrotic syndrome.
• Hypotheriosis.
• Myocardial infarction mu pachimake gawo la matenda.
• Odwala a hememalysis omwe ali ndi uremia.
• Lembani 1 kapena matenda ashuga 2.

Komanso, mlingo wokwera wa LP (a) ungapangitse kuti musangowononga ziwiya zaubongo ndi mtima, komanso ungawononge mitsempha yotupa. Zowonjezera za LP (a) zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi magazi ochulukirapo, komanso zimatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa aortic atherosulinosis.

Zinthu zoyambitsa

Mukamayang'ana zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, katswiriyo amaganizira zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji zomwe zili ndi ma lipoprotein apamwamba kwambiri m'magazi a wodwala. Zina mwazinthu izi ndi izi:

• Mimba Simuyenera kupereka magazi kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa "cholesterol yabwino" mukangobadwa. Ndikofunikira kudikirira kwakanthawi kwa masabata a 6-8 kenako ndikungodalira kudalirika kosanthula.
• Kumwa mankhwala. Estrogens, holistiramins, fibrate kapena insulin, komanso neomycin, omega-3 fat acids ndi neocin amatha kupotoza chithunzi chenicheni cha chipatala, ndipo kuwunikaku kudzapereka zotsatira zolakwika.

Akatswiri azindikira kufunika kopereka magazi kuti athe kudziwa zomwe zili mu LP (a) patangotha ​​miyezi 2 kuchokera matenda opatsirana komanso ena oopsa, kutsindika, kutha kwa kumwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa HDL, ndi pakati.

Kafukufuku awonetsa kuti 90% ya mulingo wa LP (a) mwa odwala imayikidwa majini. Ndipo sizingatheke kuti muchepetse ndi mankhwala. Kusintha kadyedwe ndi kakhalidwe, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa kumakupatsani mwayi pang'ono wowonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Koma kufunika kwake sikungakhale kosasinthika kwathunthu.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, asayansi adapeza kuti pali ubale wosagwirizana pakati pa myocardial infarction ndikuwonjezeka kwa LP (a). Wodwala akapezeka ndi vuto la mtima ali mwana, ndiye kuti LP (a) ikhale yapamwamba kuposa anthu ena. Kwa odwala oterowo, kuyang'anira zonse za lipoprotein ndi kofunikira pamoyo wonse.

Kutsitsa chizolowezi

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa lipoprotein alpha. Chakudya chopanda malire, kusowa kwa zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa kungasinthe kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity pansi. Koma munthu sayenera kuchotsera mfundo yoti matenda angapo angapangitse zochitika zomwezo. Ndipo kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa HDL m'magazi a wodwala kuyenera kukhala chizindikiro choti katswiri azimuyesa kuti adziwe matenda ake.

Mwa zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa lipoprotein a m'magazi ndi izi:

• Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi.
• Matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, kuphatikizapo matenda monga matenda a chiwindi kapena nephrosis.
• Kuphwanya kwa endocrine dongosolo.
• Matenda a Gallstone.
• Matenda opatsirana mu gawo lowopsa la pathological process.

Kupsinjika kwambiri kapena kungokhala ndi mantha amtundu kumatha kubweretsa kusokonekera mu cholesterol yabwino "yopangidwa ndi thupi. Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti kuchepa kwa HDL kumatha kuchitika ngati wodwala wakhala akutenga mankhwala ena kwakanthawi. Zina mwazotsatira zimatha kukhala kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein yapamwamba.

Alpha Cholesterol Wokwezedwa: Kodi Zimatanthauzanji?

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Cholesterol ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito kwathunthu kwa thupi. Zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakusungira mahomoni ena.

Sitha kuyenda payekha ndi magazi, chifukwa singasungunuke m'madzi.

Cholesterol imayendetsedwa ngati gawo la zovuta zovuta. Amatchedwa lipoproteins.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala:

1. Ma holimicrons ndi akulu kwambiri.
2. Pachulukitsa kwambiri a lipoproteins, amatchedwanso beta lipoproteins. Popanga, amagwiritsa ntchito VPLLP yachidule.
3. Lowensens lipoproteins. Zing'ono kwambiri kuposa zoyambazo. Pamaudindo, chidule LDL chagwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri amatchedwa alpha lipoproteins. Zachidziwitso - HDL.

Ndi za lingaliro lomaliza lomwe tikambirane. Mwa zovuta zonse za lipoprotein, iyi ndiye puloteni wodziwika bwino kwambiri.Muli osachepera 55% ya mapuloteni, ndi ma phospholipids - osachepera 30. Triglycerides ndi cholesterol ili ndi iwo pang'ono. Chipangizochi ndi ufa wowoneka bwino wopezeka pafupifupi ziwalo zonse. Ili ndi dzina lililonse kwa aliyense - cholesterol. Ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndi impso.

Ntchito yayikulu ya alpha lipoproteins ndikuchotsa mafuta owonjezera amthupi kuchokera ku minofu ndi maselo.

Akakhala kuti ali m'mwazi, ndiye kuti angathe kudwala matenda amtima. Amalepheretsa kusokera kwa mafuta pamakoma amitsempha. Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimadziwika kuti "mafuta" athanzi. Imafikitsa maselo amafuta m'chiwindi, imayendetsa mahomoni polimbikitsa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa adrenal. Imathandizanso kuti munthu akhale ndi nkhawa komanso kuti asamve bwino, amaletsa kuyambika kwa mayiko achisoni. Cholesterol alpha ndi beta ndizofunikanso kuti thupi ndi thanzi.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino"

Kugawika kwa cholesterol m'magulu "oyipa" ndi "othandiza" kumapangitsa momwe thupi lawo limathandizira.

Kuphwanya malamulo kumawonetsa zovuta zazikulu zathanzi.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" kumapangitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima. Miyezo yotsika ikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa hypocholesterolemia.

Kuti phunzirolo likhale lolondola momwe mungathere, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro osavuta.

Kukonzekera bwino phunziroli kumaphatikizapo malamulo otsatirawa:

• kusanthula kumayenera kuchitika pamimba "yopanda kanthu", pafupifupi maola asanu ndi atatu ayenera kuchoka kuchokera pakudya.
• wodwalayo aleke kudya mafuta, okazinga, osuta fodya, mowa madzulo a phunzirolo,
• simuyenera kusuta ola limodzi kusanachitike,
• mutha kulembera maphunziro amtundu wina tsiku lomwelo monga izi,
• theka la ola musanatenge zinthuzo simungathe kuloleza kupsinjika mtima.

Kufufuza kumachitika mu labotale. Satha kutsimikizika mwachindunji, chifukwa chake, LDL ndi HDL zimatulutsidwa koyamba. M'madzimadzi omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa centrifugation, cholesterol yotsala imayesedwa.

Njira zamakono zodziwitsira matenda zimapangitsa kuti zithetse zotsatirazi molondola kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kuphatikiza, kuwonjezera apo, kwa antchito ogwira ntchito sawavulaza. Mitambo yamakono yopanga zinthu zamakono imatsimikizira zotsatira zake ndi zoperewera zochepa. Njira zopangira ma electrophoresis zilipo zomwe zimalola kuti ma lipoproteins adzipatule. Kuti mupeze zikhalidwe, pali tebulo lapadera lomwe limagawa zikhalidwe ndi zisonyezo.

Ngati alpha cholesterol m'thupi ndi yochepera 0,9 mmol / L, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis ndiwokwera kwambiri. Cholesterol yathunthu ikakwezedwa, pamakhala ngozi yayikulu yathanzi. Kuti muwone mulingo wa lipids m'magazi, kuwerengera cholozera zakuthambo, kapena chokwanira chomwe chimawerengedwa kudzera mu chida chapadera. Zotsatira zake zimawerengera kuchuluka kwa owonjezereka a LDL ndi HDL. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa.

Kuti mufufuze bwino momwe thupi liliri, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azikhala ndi mbiri ya lipid. Ziwonetsa kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lipids.

Zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza HDL

Cholesterol ndi mapuloteni m'thupi amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mapuloteni, michere ndi metabolism yawo.

Njira izi zimadalira pa chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda a impso, chiwindi, komanso zina zolimba.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizire kukulitsa cholesterol yopindulitsa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena.

Kuchepetsa cholesterol ya alpha kumakhudza:

• kunenepa
• matenda ashuga
• nephrotic syndrome
• kusuta
• atherosulinosis
• owonjezera triglycerides.

1. Kanani mowa.
2. Siyani kusuta.
3. Mlingo wolimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu moyenera pazochita zolimbitsa thupi.
4. Konzani chakudyacho. Mafuta ndi chakudya m'malo mwa pectin. Amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa.

Pofuna kupewa motsutsana ndi atherosulinosis, muyenera kumwa vitamini C.

Kodi hyperlipidemia ndi chiyani?

Hyperlipidemia ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi milomo yambiri komanso ma lipoproteins m'magazi a anthu.

Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yamatenda kumachitika pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa lipids ndi lipoprotein m'madzi am'magazi.

Pali mitundu yotere ya hyper-alpha lipidemia:

Ine - kuchuluka triglycerides.

Ia - cholesterol yayikulu.

II c - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa triglyceride ndi cholesterol.

III - kudzikundikira kwa zidutswa za chylomicron, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zochuluka za zinthu zakale.

IV - kuchuluka kwa triglyceride, cholesterol munthawi yochepa.

V - kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa triglyceride ndi cholesterol.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia, hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia ndiosiyananso. Palinso hyperlipidemia yosakanikirana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperlipidemia zitha kukhala:

• matenda a chiwindi,
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• mtundu 1 shuga
• kusokoneza chithokomiro,
• kulephera kwa aimpso
• mtundu 2 shuga
• kuchuluka kwa ntchito
• chibadwa
• kuledzera
• mankhwala ena

Cholesterol imatha kuwuka kuchokera pazakudya zolakwika, kunenepa kwambiri, jenda. Akatswiri amati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse ya akazi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri asanasiye. Mwa amuna a m'badwo uno, mlingo ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Matendawa alibe zizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, kukhalapo kwa kuphwanya kungathe kutsimikizidwa ndi kusanthula kwamachitidwe amitundu mitundu. Kukula kwa matendawa kumayendera limodzi ndi kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis. Imangokhala ndi zizindikiritso zingapo. Mkhalidwe wazizindikiro zimadalira malo omwe ma atherosulinotic malo.

Ndi okwera triglycerides, kapamba amawonedwa. Kuti muteteze thanzi lanu muyenera kupimidwa pafupipafupi.

Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angadziwe za matenda ake komanso kupereka mankhwala oyenera.

Zotsatira Za Zakudya Zabwino pa Cholesterol

Ngati alpha cholesterol ndi yokwera, muyenera kulabadira zomwe munthu amadya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusintha zakudya zanu komanso moyo wanu. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya "wathanzi" m'thupi imakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muzakudya.

Atherossteosis, matenda ashuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri sikuti ndizotsatira zamafuta ochulukirapo az nyama m'zakudya, ngakhale zimakhudza thanzi. Kuchuluka kwa wowuma ndi ufa muzakudya kumabweretsa zotsatirazi. Zinthu izi zimasokoneza chidwi chathupi kuti chikhale ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, mafuta ochulukirapo pamitsempha yamagazi ndi maselo. Kwa anthu ambiri, vutoli limakhala lofunika, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa moyo.

Metabolism ya Cholesterol imasokonezedwanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma coarse fiber. Akatswiri amati kudya nsomba zamchere amchere komanso nyama zopanda mafuta kumachepetsa mwayi woletsa cholesterol. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa, ndi wowuma ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Cholesterol chabwino chimapangidwanso ndi moyo. Nthawi zina, amavomerezeka kumwa lipoic acid. Kusankhidwa kumeneku kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri.

Kusuntha kocheperako kuphatikiza ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumabweretsa chiopsezo chaumoyo mwa matenda akulu. Ndikofunikira kuti masinthidwe amitundu ya cholesterol asinthe.

Kuchepa kwa lipid kagayidwe kachakudya ndi zotsatira zake komanso nthawi yomweyo zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso matenda a shuga. Matendawa amatuluka makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wosayenera. Chifukwa chake, lipid metabolism imatha kusinthidwa popanda mankhwala posintha kadyedwe kanu ndi moyo wanu.

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yamagazi ikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Kodi umboni wa milingo yayitali ya alpha amylase ndi uti?

Kuwonongeka kwa michere yolowa mthupi ndikosatheka popanda kutenga michere, imodzi yomwe ndi alpha-amylase. Enzyme iyi imapangidwa mwachindunji ndi kapamba, kotero mulingo wake ungawonetse matenda ambiri am'mimba. Ngati kusanthula kofananako kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimaloleza kuzindikira, komanso momwe mungathanirane ndi kupatuka kuzikhalidwe, timaphunziranso.

Mitundu ndi ntchito m'thupi

Ntchito yachilengedwe yachilengedwe ya amylase ndiyo kuphwanya kwa zovuta zamankhwala ochulukitsa zamagetsi kukhala zosavuta, monga wowuma ndi glycogen. Izi zimathandiza kuti njira yogaya chakudya ikhale yothandiza, kukulolani kuti muzitha kuyamwa zinthu zina zopindulitsa.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Zikondazo zimatanthauzira tiziwalo tambiri tosakanikirana, timene timatha kupanga amylase osati m'mimba, komanso m'magazi ochepa. Mitundu iwiri ya enzyme yagawidwa:

• malovu amylase - amapangidwira pang'onopang'ono pakatikati kamlomo pogwiritsa ntchito tiziwalo timene timayang'ana pakamwa, zomwe zimaloza chimbudzi chamkati pamkamwa, ndikulimbikitsa kupanga kwa madzi am'mimba,
• Pancreatic amylase - imapangidwa m'matumbo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira ntchito m'matumbo, pogawa magawo a chakudya ndizosavuta.

Kufunika kwa chidziwitso cha enzyme kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda ambiri am'mimba, omwe alibe zizindikiro.

Ndi kusanthula kotani komwe kutsimikiziridwa?

Kuti muwone mulingo wa amylase, ndikokwanira kupitiliza kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical. Mphamvu ya enzyme imatheka kokha m'magawo am'mimba, motero, sayenera kukhala m'magazi ambiri. Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa alpha-amylase m'mwazi wambiri, izi zitha kuwonetsa mavuto azaumoyo.

Khalani omasuka kufunsa mafunso anu kwa wazachipatala wa nthawi zonse mwachindunji patsamba lino. Tikuyankha motsimikiza: Funsani funso >>

Ngati matenda akhungu a pancreatic ndi m'matumbo akukayikiridwa, kuwunikira kungapangidwe kuti pakhale amylase mu mkodzo. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa bwino momwe zilili m'mimba, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa amylase mkodzo kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kolondola. Pancreatic amylase, kuphwanya kwam'mimba, sikulowa m'magazi okha, koma imalowanso mkodzo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza kwake kwakanthawi kwa nthawi yayitali sikungadziwonetse kokha ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha, pomwe zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

• pereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu
• osamadya zakudya zamafuta ndi okazinga usiku,
• Pewani masiku atatu musanayambe kuphunzira,
• kuchepetsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimakhudza phindu la phunziroli, chifukwa chake ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa, muyenera kuchenjeza omwe amapereka chithandizo kuti asamaganize molakwika pazolakwika.

Alfa cholesterol

Aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake amadziwa za kupezeka kwa cholesterol komanso kuvulaza kwake m'thupi. Koma kwenikweni, zonse sizophweka. Zitha kukhala zoyipa komanso zabwino. M'nkhaniyi, tiyeni tikambirane za alpha cholesterol.

Kodi alpha cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol siisungunuka m'madzi, komanso imalephera kuyenda payokha kudzera m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndi gawo la zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:

• Kutsika kwambiri kwa lipoproteins (VLDL) kotsika kwambiri.
• Lowensens lipoproteins kapena beta cholesterol (LDL).
• High density lipoproteins kapena alpha cholesterol (HDL).

Pali malo aulere ambiri m'maselo a HDL omwe amakhala ndi mafuta amkati ndi cholesterol. Ntchito yayikulu ya kupsinjika kwambiri kwa lipoprotein ndikuchotsa mafuta ochulukirapo m'maselo a thupi. Kutengera izi, HDL yochulukitsitsa m'magazi, mafuta ochepa amadzasungidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi.

Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, alpha cholesterol imatchedwa "cholesterol yabwino."

Ngati mungaganize kuti pali cholesterol yambiri, imawoneka ngati ntchentche yofewa ngati utoto wachikasu.

Alfa-cholesterol ndiyofunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi mahomoni abwinobwino. Amatumiziranso mafuta m'thupi lonse. Mlingo wa alpha-cholesterol umakhudza mkhalidwe wama psycho-munthu. Chifukwa chake, kupatuka kuzizolowereka kumatha kukhudza kayendedwe ka ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi.

Momwe mungasinthire komanso zomwe zikuwonetsa zizidziwitso bwanji

Musanapange mayeso a magazi a cholesterol, muyenera kukonzekera moyenerera. Kwa masiku atatu, zinthu zothira ndi kusuta sizipezeka muzakudya. Sizoletsedwa kumwa chakudya chilichonse kapena kumwa maola 8 musanayesedwe. Sizoletsedwa kusuta ola limodzi tisanawunike. Ndikofunikira kupatula kupsinjika kwakuthupi komanso kwamalingaliro. Malamulo onse akasungidwa, mutha kudalira zotsatira zodalirika.

Mwazi umachokera mu mtsempha kulowa mu chubu cha vacuum. Zotsatira zitha kupezeka tsiku lotsatira.

Ngati mayeso a cholesterol atengedwa, amatsimikiziridwa mosiyana kuti ndi "abwino" kapena "oyipa". Munthu amafunika mitundu yonse iwiriyo mwanjira yoyenera. Gome limawonetsa zikhalidwe za mitundu yonse ya zam'mapuloteni kutengera zaka komanso jenda.

Kodi kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa alpha cholesterol kumatanthauza chiyani?
Ambiri amaganiza kuti kukwera kwa alpha-cholesterol m'magazi, kuli bwino. Izi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti mafuta ochulukirapo amatengedwa kupita ku chiwindi, ndiye kuti ziwiya zoyera zimatsukidwa. Izi sizowona konse.

Kuchulukitsa pang'ono kwa chizolowezi cha "cholesterol chabwino" sikuvulaza thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kukhala gawo lakuthupi). Koma ngati milingo ya lipoproteins yapamwamba imakwezedwa kwambiri, izi zitha kuwonetsa matenda awa:

• Matenda a chithokomiro.
• Matenda a shuga.
• Kulephera kwa impso.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a chidakwa kapena uchidakwa.
• Hepatitis yamtundu uliwonse.
• Hyperlipoproteinemia ndi mkhalidwe wodziwika ndi cholesterol yokwanira nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri ndimatengera kwa makolo.

Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol kumatha kupitilira nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa matenda, chifukwa chake kuyesedwa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti atenge miyezi iwiri atachira.

Zinthu zopanda matenda zimathandizanso kukulitsa cholesterol. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga pakati kapena kumwa mankhwala.

Kutsitsa lipoprotein okwera kwambiri kumakhala kovutirapo kumasonyezanso mavuto ena azaumoyo:

• Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi.
• Matenda a gallbladder.
• Matenda opatsirana mu mawonekedwe acute.

Mkhalidwe wopsinjika umatha kusokoneza kuwerenga kwa HDL. Zidzakhala zocheperako. Zotsatira zomwezo zimatha kukhala ndi mankhwala.

Kusintha kwakukulu pamlingo wa alpha-cholesterol m'magazi, kuunika kwathunthu ndikofunikira. Wotchire, atatenga zidziwitso zamphamvu, adzalemba maphunziro ofunikira. Ndipo atazindikira zifukwa zosinthira mu mulingo wa alpha-cholesterol, azitumiza kwa akatswiri ochepa kuti akuuze chithandizo.

Njira zoteteza ndi ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito

Ngati kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa alpha-cholesterol sikumayenderana ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti mutha kubweretsanso chizolowezicho mwanjira yokhazikika. Pali malingaliro angapo osintha misempha ya alpha-cholesterol m'magazi:

• Kukana zizolowezi zoipa. Kusuta kumakhudzanso cholesterol kuposa mowa.
• Moyo wokangalika. Ngati ntchito yamachitidwe sichikugwirizana ndi zochitika, ndiye kuti kuchepekedwa kuyenera kudzazidwa. Kuyenda kapena kupalasa njinga ndi kwabwino.
• Zakudya Zakudya zoyenera zimabwezeretsa mafuta m'thupi mwachangu. Zakudya siziyenera kukhala zonenepa kwambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kudya nyama yokonda, nsomba, masamba, zipatso, chimanga. Zopangira mkaka ndizololedwa pang'ono. Mutha kudya dzira limodzi la nkhuku patsiku. Kumverera kwa njala sikuyenera kuloledwa. Pakati pa chakudya, ndibwino kudya zipatso.

Awa anali malamulo oyamba, omwe mungasunge alpha-cholesterol mwanjira yoyenera (popanda matenda).

Ma lipoproteins a Alpha

Ngati mulingo wa HDL ukugwera pansi pa 0,9 mmol / L, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake ndi kupangidwa kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic.

Pali ubale wosemphana pakati pakuchepa kwa HDL ndikukula kwa kusintha kwa ischemic mumtima. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi kuchepa kwa HDL ndi 5 mg / dl (0.13 mmol / L) molingana ndi chizolowezi, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wopanga kapena kupitilira kwa kusintha kwa ischemic pamtima ndi 25%. Chifukwa chake, mu zamankhwala, kuchepa kwa milingo ya HDL m'malo mowonjezereka LDL kumawonedwa kukhala kowopsa kwambiri.

Ngati paramente alpha lipoprotein ndi 0,91 mmol / l, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

Ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa 1.56 mmol / L kuli ndi gawo loteteza. Kuwonjezeka kwa mulingo wa cholesterol ya HDL m'mbale wamagazi ndi LDL ndi antiatherosulinotic.

Nthawi zambiri, HDL imaposa 1 mmol / L m'magazi. Zambiri zimangopindulitsa thupi. Ndi mulingo wotsika (wochepera 0,78 mmol / l), kuthekera kwa atherosulinosis yokhala ndi zotsatirapo kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zitha kuwonetsa chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi stroko, kugunda kwa mtima, kupezeka kwa magazi m'ziwalo zilizonse. Mayiko okhumudwitsa. Mwa akazi, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni kumatheka.

Gawo labwino kwambiri la HDL ndi 1.55 mmol / L. Zabwino - 1.3-1.54 mmol / l. Osachepera 1.4 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi otsika kwambiri mwa azimayi ndi 1.03 mmol / L mwa amuna. Mwa munthu amene wadwala myocardial infarction, HDL: 1-1.6 mmol / L.

Ngati cholesterol yathunthu ikupezeka kuti ndi yokwera, ndiye kuti ma protein a alpha ndi ofunikira. Mulingo wawo wapamwamba unganene za thanzi labwino.

Mlingo wa beta lipoproteins utha kuwonjezereka ndi ma pathologies otsatirawa:

1. Matenda opatsirana ndi mitsempha ya atherosulinosis.
2. Kusintha kwa Ischemic mu mtima ndi ziwalo zina.
3. Supombosis m'matumbo a ziwalo zilizonse.
4. Matenda a chiwindi, makamaka ndi kuchepa kwa metabolism ya LDL komanso kusokonekera kwa kayendedwe ka bile.
5. Kunenepa kwambiri.
6. Matenda oopsa.
7. Zowonjezera pazakudya zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta azinyama.
8. Cholestasis.
9. Njira zotupa.
10. Chithokomiro.
11. Matenda a shuga.
12. Kutupa kwa pathologies, miyala mu bile ducts.
13. Chithandizo cha anabolics, corticosteroids, androgens.
14. Kusintha kwachilengedwe. Zotsatira zitha kukhala zokwera kwambiri. Kubwereza mobwereza m'mwezi umodzi ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Kutsitsa cholesterol pakadali pano ndi gawo lalikulu popewa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi mtima.

Kutsika kwa beta-lipoproteins pansipa

1. Ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mu mavitamini B6 ndi B12.
2. Oncological pathologies a mafupa.
3. Kulephera kwa chiwindi.
4. Thirotooticosis.
5. Wophedwa ndi cholowa.
6. Ndi matenda a autoimmune.

Njira zochizira

Kuphatikizika kwa HDL mthupi kumathandizidwa ndi kumwa kwa oatmeal ndi chinangwa, nsomba zamitundu yamafuta, zowonjezera ndi mafuta a nsomba, nyemba, soya, zitsamba, maapulo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito zakudya izi ngati chakudya chanu chachikulu.

Ndi mlingo waukulu wa beta lipoproteins, chithandizo chamankhwala ochiritsira ndipo mankhwala amalimbikitsidwa.

LDL yambiri imapangidwa m'thupi. Ndi chakudya, munthu samalandira zosaposa 30%. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa zakudya ndikofunikira, koma kumakhala ndi phindu lina.

Mankhwala

Madera Amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol ndi 50-60%. Amathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwa chiwindi. Yeretsani magazi ku cholesterol.

Fibates (imathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta acid).

Otsatira. Kuchepetsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol.

Nicotinic acid Amachita mpikisano wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala a chiwindi. Imathandizira kukulitsa HDL.

Zakudya zowonjezera Policosanol (zachilengedwe chomera sera).

Chifukwa chake, alpha lipoproteins ndi beta lipoproteins ndizogwirizana komanso zimadalirana. Thupi limawafunikira, kuwonjezeka kwa imodzi komwe kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi zochita za wina, pakuwunika kwawo akuyerekeza kuti wina ndi mnzake.

Ndani angalangize?

Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa seramu yamagazi, wodwala adawonetsa kupatuka kuchokera ku alpha lipoprotein yokhazikika, ndiye kuti kufunsira ndi akatswiri kudzakhala yankho labwino kwambiri. Poterepa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri wamankhwala ndi othandizira. Ndipo pamaziko a matendawa, kufunsa wa endocrinologist kapena katswiri wa matenda opatsirana angafunike.

Kodi ndizotheka kuwonjezera zomwe zili liprotein zili mthupi? Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo ena kuti awonjezere cholesterol yabwino m'thupi la wodwalayo:

• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa ndi chakudya. Ali m'gulu la nyama.
• Kuchepa kwa tsiku ndi tsiku calorie kudya. Zimakwaniritsidwa pobweretsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi mu zakudya.
• Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi kudzera mwa Cardio ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kukana zizolowezi zoipa. Mowa, kusuta.
• Tiyi yobiriwira. Chizolowezi chomwa kumwa tiyi wobiriwira nthawi zonse chimadzaza thupi ndi ma polyphenols, omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mthupi la munthu ndikuwonjezera HDL. Tisaiwale kuti mwatsopano ufa wofinya wa cranberry ali ndi katundu wofanana.

Kodi phunziroli limalembedwa nthawi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha cholinga cha phunziroli ndi madandaulo a wodwalayo akumva kupweteka m'mimba, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, kusokonezeka kwa chopondacho, komanso kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi. Kusanthula kungapangidwenso kwa omwe akuwoneka kuti ali ndi vuto la pancreatitis kapena cholecystitis pamene amylase okwera apezeka mumkodzo.

Makhalidwe Abwino

Zomwe zikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amylase ndizosiyana, ndipo zimatengera zaka zomwe wodwalayo akuwunikira:

1. Alfa amylase ndiye kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi amylase zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ziwongo ndi ma pancreas. Mu ubwana, momwe zimakhalira ndi magawo 5 - 60 / lita. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya mukadzakula, kuchuluka kwa alpha-amylase kumasiyanasiyana 23 2320 U / L. Pazaka zopitilira 60, enzyme yopangidwa imatha kupangidwa mu 21 - 165 U / L.
2. Pancreatic amylase - mulingo wake umawonetsa kugwira bwino ntchito kwa m'mimba. Makanda obadwa kumene osakwana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zokwanira

Potengera momwe kuwunikirako kunawonekera kwambiri pazowonjezera za amylase, izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda monga:

1. Kutupa komwe kumachitika mu tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono - "ma mumps" odziwika bwino, omwe ali ndi dzina lasayansi mumps, kumapangitsa kukondoweza kwambiri kwa kupanga kwa salivary amylase. Pancreatic amylase mu nkhani iyi ilipo yofananira. Ma amylase okwera ali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri akunja.
2. Pancreatitis pachimake - amylase yowonjezereka imatheka chifukwa cha mayendedwe obisika a bile ducts, omwe amathandizira kupanga enzyme yambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuvomerezedwa kwa ziwiya zazikulu kumachuluka, kulola kuti amylase alowe magazi. Enzyme imapangidwanso mu mkodzo, momwe kuchuluka kwake kumafikira 65-75% ya kuchuluka kwa amylase.
3. Matenda a shuga - ndimatendawa, kusadziwika kwa kapangidwe ka amylase kumadziwika, komwe kumakhudza njira zonse za metabolic mthupi. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti amylase m'magazi imachulukitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo mkodzo kuchuluka kwake kumasinthasintha mkati mwa zonse zomwe zimavomerezedwa.
4. Zotupa za khansa ya pancreatic - zimadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa alpha-amylase m'magazi ndi mkodzo, mphamvu zake zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zowopsa m'moyo.
5. Peritonitis - pamene njira zingapo zotupa zimachitika m'matumbo, ntchito ya enzymatic imawonjezeka. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe, kotero kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya enzyme iyi, kuphatikiza ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba ndi malungo, zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matendawa.
6. Mimba ya ectopic - kuphatikiza kwa mluza kukhoma la machubu a fallopian kumathandizanso kukulira kwa kuchuluka kwa enzyme, makamaka m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha kusanthula uku, zimatha kuzindikira msanga mkhalidwe wam'mimba pamlingo wama Microbiological.

Mulingo wapamwamba

Kuperewera kwa michere ya kapamba kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda am'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchitira osati kupatuka kwa amylase ku chizolowezi, koma chifukwa - matenda. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachitika pokhapokha pokhapokha atapenda mozama komanso kudziwa koyenera.

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi zake zimathandizira kuchepetsa kupanga enzyme. Mitundu yotsatirayi siyiyenera kuphatikizidwa:

• mankhwala osuta - nyama, mafuta anyama, soseji, nsomba,
• Zakudya zamchere - zipatso, nsomba ndi nkhosa zamphongo,
• zakudya zamafuta ndi zokazinga,
• zokometsera zokometsera ndi zonunkhira.

Kutsatira zakudya kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa nkhawa pa kapamba. Zosavuta zomwe timagulitsa, ndizosavuta kugaya ndikuzipanga.

Kuphatikiza pakutsatira zakudya, muyenera kusiya kusuta fodya ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa amylase.

Mulingo wotsika

Osangowonjezera amylase omwe amalankhula za mavuto azaumoyo. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti enzyme ikhale yotsika:

• Kukhalapo kwa matenda osafunikira am'mimba, omwe amadziwika kuti akusowa kwa enzymatic,
• zotupa za kapamba zomwe zimatchinga ma nerve receptors omwe amapanga kuchuluka kolondola kwa mahomoni,
• matenda obadwa nawo cystic fibrosis.

Izi ndi lingaliro chabe la nsanja yamadzi oundana.

Nthawi zina mulingo wotsika umawonetsa matenda omwe samagwirizanitsidwa konse ndi matenda am'mimba (matenda a autoimmune).

Kupewa

Kusakhazikika kwa Amylase komanso zodetsa nkhawa zitha kupewedwa ndikutsatira malamulo akuluakulu atatu:

• idyani pomwe
• khalani ndi moyo wathanzi ndi masewera,
• kusiya mowa ndi kusuta.

Mfundozi ndizodziwika kwa aliyense ndipo zitha kupatsidwa ntchito yopewa matenda ambiri, koma kuwonetsetsa kwawo sikungakupangitseni nkhawa zaumoyo wanu.

Chifukwa chake, alpha-amylase amachita gawo lofunikira pakukoka ndi chimbudzi cha zinthu m'mimba ndi matumbo. Kusavomerezeka kwake kumayankhula zamatenda ambiri, kuzindikira ndi kuchiza kwake komwe kumayenera kukhala kwakanthawi.

Hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol yayikulu): kupezeka, mawonetseredwe, malamulo a zaumoyo ndi mankhwala

Ngakhale dzina lake lokhazikika, hypercholesterolemia sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala matenda, koma nthawi yeniyeni yachipatala yokhala ndi cholesterol yambiri m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri - chifukwa cha matenda ophatikizika.

Akatswiri amagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa vutoli ndi miyambo ndi zikhalidwe zakumadera osiyanasiyana. Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti m'maiko omwe zakudya zawo za dziko zimangoyang'ana m'mbale zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa a nyama, milandu yotere imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Hypercholesterolemia: mfundo zazikulu

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zitha kubisika mwa majini. Matendawa amatchulidwa ngati hypercholesterolemia, kapena SG (banja hypocholesterolemia). Kulandila jini losalongosoka lomwe limayambitsa cholesterol synthesis kuchokera kwa mayi, bambo, kapena makolo onse, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa. Mwa ana, matenda oopsa samapezeka kwenikweni, chifukwa vutoli limayamba kuonekera kwambiri mukamakula.

Kugawidwa malinga ndi Fredrickson kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kovomerezeka, ngakhale kuwonekera kwa zovuta zingapo zamachitidwe a lipid kuchokera pamenepo kudzadziwika bwino kwa katswiri.

Fomu yachiwiriyo imayamba kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimayambitsa komanso momwe zinthu zilili, kuphatikiza komwe kumatha kubweretsa vuto, palinso zinthu zina zowopsa.

Malinga ndi ICD 10 - gulu lomwe limavomerezeka mothandizidwa ndimatenda - hypercholesterolemia yokhazikika ili ndi code E78.0, ndipo limatchula kusowa kwa dongosolo la endocrine komanso metabolism.

Kugawikidwako kwamatenda kumatengera zifukwa zakukhazikitsidwa kwake, koma mawonekedwe enieni a maphunzirowa kapena mawonekedwe akunja a mawonekedwe ake alibe:

• Fomu yoyamba siyimvetsedwa bwino, chifukwa palibe njira yodalirika yopewera. Homozygous achibale hypercholesterolemia amakula pamene majini achilendo amapezeka mwa makolo onse awiri. Heterozygous cholowa hypercholesterolemia (pamene gene ili m'modzi mwa makolo) imapezeka mu 90% ya odwala, pomwe homozygous matenda oopsa amtundu umodzi miliyoni.
• Sekondale (imayamba chifukwa cha matenda ndi matenda a metabolic),
• Alimentary nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wa munthu wina, ndipo imakula chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zosayenera kudya.

Kodi Hypercholesterolemia amawonekera liti?

Nthawi zambiri, Hypercholesterolemia amakwiya:

1. Matenda a shuga
2. Matenda a chiwindi
3. Hypothyroidism,
4. Nephrotic Syndrome (NS),
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwadongosolo.

Zowopsa zake ndizophatikizira:

• Mtundu (SG),
• Matenda oopsa
• Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kulakalaka kwa zakudya ndi zovuta za metabolic,
• Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Kupsinjika nthawi zonse
• Zakudya zopanda thanzi, kudya kwambiri zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol, monga mazira okazinga m'miyendo,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa nthawi zonse, komwe moledzera womwewo sichimayambitsa ziwonetsero, chifukwa mulibe lipids, koma "akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi" zomwe zimafunikira.

Zotheka kuti zingapo mwa zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwirizana, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu komanso, ngati zingatheke, tengani mavuto omwe alipo.

Zizindikiro zakunja ndi zizindikiro

Pokhala chisonyezo chodziwika chomwe chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwira ma labotale (lipidogram), hypercholesterolemia imawulula cholesterol wokwera m'magazi, chomwe chimawonetsa, chomwe, sichosintha, chifukwa chimakhala ndi lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso yotsika kwambiri. Ntchito yowunika ma labotale ndikugawa cholesterol yathunthu ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito ngati ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri.

Muzochitika zina (zofika patali), matendawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja, malinga ndi momwe katswiri angadziwitse matenda ake moyenera. Pali zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zikusonyeza kuti hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri kapena cholowa:

1. Chipilala cha coridal cholid chimawonedwa ngati umboni wa matenda oopsa ngati wodwala ali ndi zaka 50,
2. Xanthelasma ndizovala zazikasu zachikaso pansi pa epithelium yapamwamba, koma sizitha kuwoneka ndi maso osazindikira,
3. Ma Xanthomas ndi ma cholesterol a cholesterol omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa tendons.

Kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho kumawonekera pokhapokha chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa, omwe pang'onopang'ono amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu komanso matenda ambiri oyanjana.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuzindikira koyenera komanso kodalirika kumatha kupangidwa kale mutayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a lipid, pomwe cholesterol yathunthu imagawidwa m'magulu (othandizira komanso owopsa) powerengera coefflication ya atherogenic. Ndipo kuti mudziwe mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia, maphunziro owonjezera akhoza kutumikiridwa:

• Kuwunikira kwathunthu kwa ma anamnesis (poganizira madandaulo amakono pazokhudza kukhala bwino), ndikofunikira kudziwa malingaliro a wodwala pazomwe zimayambitsa kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zenizeni (xanthomas, xanthelasms)
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa (achibale Hypercholesterolemia) ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe sanaganiziridwepo kale,
• Kuyendera, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukondoweza ndi kuyesa kwa magazi,
• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kumachotsa kuthekera kwa kutupa,
• Kuyesa kwakuya (biochemical) komwe kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa creatinine, shuga ndi uric acid,
• Mbiri ya lipid yokhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa hyperlipidemia (lipoproteins yapamwamba),
• Kusanthula kwamatenda
• Kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kwamtundu wamagazi pakati pa mamembala kuti mupeze vuto la chibadwa.

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri za hypercholesterolemia ndi atherosulinosis - kuyika kwa cholesterol chikhoma pamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe, ikaunjikana, imayambitsa kusintha kwa pathological khoma, kumatha kutayika, komwe kumakhudza ntchito ya mtima wonse. Pamapeto pake, zolembera za atherosclerotic zimayambitsa kupendekera kwa chotengera ndi kuchepa kwake, komwe kumatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko.

Mkhalidwe wovuta wamavuto omwe umachitika chifukwa cha matendawa umafotokozedwa chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwam'magazi, chifukwa cha yomwe ischemia ya ziwalo kapena mitsempha yamagazi imayamba.

Kuperewera kwa minyewa ndikovuta kwambiri, ndipo kupangika kwake kumatsimikizika ndi kuphipha kwa chotengera. Kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi chotumphukira cha ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono kapena zazikulu ndizodziwikiratu za zotsatirapo zake ndi matenda ena ofananirana ndi matenda.

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa cholesterol yapamwamba (chizolowezi cha cholesterol yamagazi ndi yochepera 5.2 mmol / l kapena 200 mg / dl), ndiye chanzeru kuphunzira kuchuluka konse kwa lipid. Ndipo cholesterol yathunthu ikachuluka chifukwa cha magawo "owopsa" (lipoproteins yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri), ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ananso momwe mumakhalira, kusintha mwamphamvu momwe mumakhalira kuti mukhale athanzi komanso athanzi.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi mu hypercholesterolemia

Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia adapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi anti-sclerotic, amachotsa cholesterol yowonjezera mthupi ndi mankhwala ena ake.

Malamulo onse azakudya amayenera kuteteza kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino za kudya.

Mfundo zopatsa thanzi la hypercholesterolemia:

1. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Kupatula pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa mankhwala a cholesterol apamwamba.
3. Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta onse okwanira mafuta.
4. Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la mafuta achilengedwe a polyunsaturated mu zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
5. Kudya kwa ochulukirapo (zovuta) zopatsa mphamvu komanso CHIKWANGWANI.
6. Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere - osaposa magalamu 3-4 patsiku.
7. Kusintha mafuta a nyama ndi mafuta azomera.

Zakudya zam'madzi, zinthu zofunikira ndi mavitamini ayenera kupanga maziko azakudya kuti muchepetse mafuta m'thupi. Koma njirayi ndi yayitali mokwanira, ndipo dongosolo lazakudya ziyenera kutsatiridwa kwa mwezi wopitilira. Akatswiri azakudya ndi madokotala amalimbikitsa zakudya ndi mbale zingapo kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi kupanga zakudya kuchokera?

Mwa zina zothandiza, mutha kuyika payokha nsomba, chifukwa ngakhale zonenepa kwambiri zamitundu yake zimangobweretsa phindu, koma kudya mafuta a nsomba kuyenera kuyamba kokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala.

Ndikwabwino kusankha nyama yotsika pophika, apo ayi ndikofunika kudula mafuta wosanjikiza. Fillet ndi tenderloin amatengedwa ngati malo oyenera kwambiri pazakudya zamankhwala. Soseji, soseji ndi zinthu zofananira ziziyenera kupatula kwathunthu kuchokera kumenyu.

Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zamkaka sizili zovomerezeka; mkaka wocheperako ndizovomerezeka.

Zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi, nthawi zina, zimatha kuyambitsa kulemera kwambiri. Chitsanzo wamba ndi mtedza, womwe, ngakhale amawerengedwa kuti ndiothandiza polimbana ndi cholesterol plaques, adakali okwera kwambiri pama calories. Tiyi wobiriwira amathandizanso kuyeretsa mitsempha yamagazi, koma osatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa thupi.

Osamagwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa mukamadya, chifukwa ngakhale hypercholesterolemia (magazi cholesterol siopitilira 6.5 mmol / l kapena 300 mg / dl) imafunika kutsatira mankhwala omwe amaletsedwa ndi mowa. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mowa patsiku sikuyenera kupitirira 20 ml. Mu matenda a mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo, mowa sayenera kumwedwa motere.

Nthambi ndi ma coarse ufa muzakudya zimasinthiratu ufa wa premium, ndipo lamuloli liyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kusankha kwa ophika buledi. Zolemba za batala, ma cookie ndi maswiti ena sizikulimbikitsidwa, popeza maziko a maphikidwe ambiri ndi katundu wapamwamba wa cholesterol.

Maphala amphaka ndi chimanga ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazakudya, madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo amalola kukonzekera chimanga ndi mkaka wowoneka bwino.

CHIKWANGWANI chamasamba ndi zipatso ndiye mzati wachitatu wa chakudyacho, popeza chinthucho chimapangitsa ntchito ya m'mimba kukhala chofunikira, chimakhala ndi zinthu zochulukirapo ndipo chimathandiza kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi pochotsa mafuta m'thupi.

Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya hypercholesterolemia yomwe ili pamwambapa ilibe zakudya. Kugwirizana kwa mbale ndi chakudya chamagulu azakudya ndizofanana, monga njira zamapangidwe azakudya.

Bola kuti utsi, komanso chithupsa, kuwotcha kapena kuphika zinthu zilizonse. Pamavuto amalemera, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyang'anira mndandanda wa mbale wa glycemic.

Njira zochizira zodziwika bwino

Zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a hypocholesterolemia:

• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kugawika kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino (kusankhidwa kwa pologalamuyo, poganizira matenda onse okhala ndi kuuma kwawo),
• Matenda amasinthasintha zakudya, kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu (kukanidwa kwamafuta ndi yokazinga, kusintha mapuloteni amafuta ndi osapatsa mphamvu kwenikweni, ndikuwonjezera gawo lililonse la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba),
• Kukana kumwa mowa (kumathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera, uric acid metabolism imasintha, mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zamankhwala umachepa),
• Kuletsa kusuta (kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za gulu la antiatherogenic),

Mankhwala

Cholinga chawo ndikuchepetsa cholesterol mkati mwa maselo ndikuchepetsa kapangidwe kake ndi chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa lipids, amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi kutupa komanso amachepetsa chiwonongeko cha malo okhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, odwala omwe amatenga ma statins amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo sakonda kukumana ndi zovuta za atherosulinosis. Komabe, mankhwalawa amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, chifukwa nthawi yayitali, ma statins amatha kuwononga minyewa ya chiwindi ndi magulu ena a minofu, chifukwa chake kuyesa kwa labotale ndi zina zamitundu yodziwika bwino kumachitika nthawi zonse. Statin sinafotokozeredwe kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi (kupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera ku chizolowezi chogwira ntchito poyesa chiwindi).

Ezetimibe ndi zina zotero

Gululi liyenera kupewa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol m'matumbo, koma limangokhala ndi gawo limodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti 20% yokha ya cholesterol yomwe imachokera ku chakudya, zina zonse zimapangidwa mu minyewa ya chiwindi.

Cholic Acid Sequestrants

Gulu lazinthu izi zimathandizira kuchotsa cholesterol, yomwe ndi gawo la mafuta acids. Zotsatira zoyipa zakayendetsedwe zimakhudzana makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa kugaya chakudya, koma masamba amathandizanso amakhudzidwa.

Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides pamene mukuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba.

Zithandizo za anthu

Mankhwala achikhalidwe amakhalanso okonzeka kuthandizapo, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala azikhalidwe chimapangidwa kuti muchepetse cholesterol yamagazi. Ngati njirayi ingathandizire kulimbana ndi mawonekedwe omwe apezeka ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti kusinthika kwa majini, mitundu yonse ya mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mapangidwe ake sizingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Mulimonsemo, kulandiridwa kwa mankhwala wowerengeka kumatha kuchitidwa pokhapokha mogwirizana ndi dokotala. Zitsanzo za maphikidwe oyenera zimapezeka pazomwe zimayeretsa magazi m'mafuta a cholesterol.