Ultrashort insulins: kuyambitsa ndi kuchitapo kanthu, mayina ndi fanizo

Insulin (Insulin aspart, novorapid penfill) ndi analogor (mainjini opangidwa mwanjira) a insulin yaumunthu, momwe proline imasinthidwa ndi katsitsumzukwa, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amatha mofulumira. Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa subcutaneous, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayamba m'mphindi 10-20, kuchuluka kwake mu maola 1-2, nthawi yayitali ndi maola 3-4. Amapangidwa m'mabokosi atatu a 3 ml okhala ndi 100 PESCES mu 1 ml. Lowani pansi pakhungu pakhungu lam'mimba, ntchafu, phewa (tsamba la jekeseni limasinthidwa) nthawi yomweyo musanadye.

Lyspro insulin (Insulin lispro, humalog) ndimakonzedwe a insulin a anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi wotsutsana ndi lysine ndi proline pamalo a 28-29 a β-chain. Imachita mwachangu komanso mwachidule. Mankhwala amaperekedwa pansi pa khungu musanadye chakudya. Zotsatira zimayamba pambuyo mphindi 15, pachimake pambuyo 0.5-2 maola, nthawi ya kuchitapo - maola 3-4. Mankhwala atha kuperekedwa kudzera mu magazi. Lyspro insulin imapezeka m'mbale ndi ma cartridge a syringe pens.

Insulin Yapakatikati

Isulin insulin (yosanja mitundu ya anthu) - Insulin-isophan (biosynthetic wa anthu) - kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin ndi protamine. Mgwirizano: Insuran NPH, Insuman basal GT, Protafan NM, Protafan NM penfill, Humulin NPH. Protafan NM imapangidwa m'mabotolo 10 ml okhala ndi PISCES 40 kapena 100 mu 1 ml komanso makatiriji a 1.5 ndi 3 ml okhala ndi 100 PIECES mu 1 ml.

Insulin Zinc (Zamoyo Zosiyanasiyana) kuyimitsidwa kophatikizidwa - Insulin-zinc (anthu biosynthetic) kuyimitsidwa kwazinthu - kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin ndi zinc. Synonyms: Monotard NM, Humulin L. Wopangidwa m'mabotolo a 10 ml okhala ndi PISCES 40 kapena 100 mu 1 ml.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kokha pakhungu. Kuchitikaku kumayambira mu maola 1-2, pachimake pa maola 6-12, kutalika kwa maola ndi maola 18 - 20.

Isulin Insulin (Human Semi-Synthet) - Insulin-isophan (semisynthetic ya anthu). Mgwirizano: Brinsulmidi ChSP, Pensulin ChS. Kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin-zinc (semisynthetic) - kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin-zinc (anthu semisynthetic). Mndandanda: Brinsulmidi H, Insulidd L.

Isofan insulini (woweta nkhumba) - Insulin-isophan (nkhumba yowonda). Mgwirizano: Pesulin SS, Protafan MS.

Zinc insulin (porcine monocomponent) pamodzi kuyimitsidwa - Insulinzinc (pork monocomponent) kuyimitsidwa kwa pawiri. Mgwirizano: Brinsulmidi IK, Insulin Long SMK. ''

Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana mu katundu komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin.

Sanapeze zomwe mukuyang'ana? Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka:

Ultrafast kanthu insulin mawonekedwe

Insulin ya Ultrafast imatha kudziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa m'thupi la wodwalayo kumachitika m'njira ya jekeseni wamkati pamimba. Njirayi ndi yochepetsetsa kwambiri yopereka mankhwala kwa wodwala.

Insulin yothamanga kwambiri iyenera kulowetsedwa m'thupi nthawi yomweyo musanadye. Nthawi yayitali pakati pa jakisoni ndi chakudya sayenera kupitirira mphindi 30.

Ultrashort insulin imayendetsedwa kokha malinga ndi chakudya. Pambuyo poyambitsa, chakudya chimafunikira. Pakadutsa zakudya zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi wodwalayo m'thupi la wodwalayo, hypoglycemia imatha kukhazikika, komwe kumachepa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi.

Kuphatikizika koyamba kwa insulini mwa njira zochita kupanga kunachitika mu 1921. Ndi chitukuko chowonjezereka cha makampani opanga mankhwala, mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala yatengedwa, maziko ake ndi insulin.

Insulin ya Ultrafast imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kusinthasintha kwa nsonga ya plasma glucose pambuyo podya.

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumachitika kokha ndi endocrinologist. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo. Kodi chifukwa chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuli koyenera?

Mtundu wa insulin womwe umagwira mwachangu m'thupi la munthu umapangidwa kuti ukhale wofanana ndi insulin yake pachakudya chamafuta ambiri othamanga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin omwe ali ndi vuto la ultrashort

Malangizo okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin mwachangu kwambiri amakhudzanso kuperekedwa kwa mankhwala panthawi inayake musanayambe kudya. Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi yomwe pakati pakubaya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya iyenera kukhala yaying'ono.

Kutalika kwa nthawi pakati pa jakisoni ndi chakudya zimadalira kwambiri pamunthu payekha. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin musanadye imachitika ndi endocrinologist.

Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, mawonekedwe onse a munthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 ayenera kuganiziridwanso.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa ultrashort, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi malingaliro omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa endocrinologist ayenera kuonedwa bwino. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikudziwikirana kwa nsonga za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni ndi zakudya.

Kuphatikizika kwa nsonga za machitidwe a mankhwalawa m'thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa glucose m'magazi a magazi kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa thupi, lomwe lili pafupi ndi hyperglycemia. Kulephera kutsatira malangizo pamene mukumwa mankhwala a ultrashort kungayambitse kukula kwa hypoglycemia m'thupi. Izi zimachitika pambuyo pobweretsa mankhwala osadya chakudya. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa m'njira yoti glucose yemwe amalowa mthupi azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin ya ultrafast, ndikofunikira kutsatira lamuloli - zakudya ziyenera kumwedwa pamlingo womwe mankhwala amapangidwira.

Ngati chakudya chikhala chosakwanira m'thupi la wodwalayo, vuto la hypoglycemia limayamba, ndipo pena paliponse, mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia umayamba. Zosankha zoterezi pakukula kwa matendawa zimakhala ndi zowopsa pamthupi la wodwalayo.

Kugwiritsira ntchito insulin ya ultrafast kumangolembedwa pokhapokha ngati kukula kwa glucose m'thupi kumawonedwa pokhapokha pakudya.

Munthawi imeneyi, kumwa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala kumakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito moyenera shuga m'thupi.

Ultrafast insulin regimen

Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamtunduwu mankhwala, zofunika zina ndi malangizo ziyenera kutsatiridwa, zomwe ndi izi:

1. Jakisoni wa mankhwalawa amayenera kuchitika pokhapokha chakudya chofunikira, mosasamala mtundu wa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
2. Pobayira, gwiritsani ntchito syringe yapadera ya insulin.
3. Malo omwe anali kukonda kubaya ndi pamimba.
4. Jekeseni asanafike, jakisoniyo sayenera kutenthedwa, izi zimathandizira kuti magazi azilowa mosavuta m'magazi.
5. Kuwerengera kwa mankhwalawa omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitidwa payekhapayekha. Dokotala ayenera kuphunzitsa wodwala za kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ofunikira jakisoni.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, munthu ayenera kuganizira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo awerengeredwe komanso nthawi yomwe insulin imalowetsedwa m'thupi, ndalamazo ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika, ndipo malo oyendetsera mankhwala ayenera kusintha.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, malamulo oyang'anira mankhwalawa amayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Izi zimafunikira kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulini asasinthe katundu wake ndipo mlingo wowongolera thupi umawerengeredwa molondola.

Kuchita kwa insulini wa ultrafast kumayamba kale kuposa momwe thupi limakhalira ndi nthawi yonyamula chakudya chama protein ndi kuchiyika mu glucose. Ndi zakudya zoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa kwambiri sikufunika. Mankhwalawa amayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuti mwachangu matenda a shuga a m'magazi a munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose wa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa m'thupi, pofuna kupewa zochitika ngati izi, mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin ya ultrafast amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chakufupika kwakanthawi, mankhwalawa amasintha msanga mthupi mwambiri, ndikuwabweretsa pafupi ndi nthawi yachilengedwe.

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga azitsata zonse zofunikira pakukhazikitsa zakudya, ndiye kuti insulini yothamanga kwambiri sikufunikira iye, imangogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi mu shuga kuti mubweretsenso zabwinobwino.

Zida zapadera za mankhwala osintha a mahomoni

I-insulin yocheperako pang'ono-yogwira ntchito mwachangu ndi mahomoni opanga bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira insulin yachilengedwe ndikuwongolera shuga. Kuchita kwake kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, komwe kumapangitsa matenda a shuga m'magazi komanso kupewa matenda a hyperglycemia.

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu ndi insulin ndi analogue ya insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Pambuyo pakukonzekera, mankhwalawa amayamba kukhala ndi tanthauzo pambuyo pa mphindi zisanu mpaka khumi, kufikira ndende kwambiri m'magazi patatha maola atatu kapena asanu.

Mosiyana ndi mahomoni osagwira ntchito mwachidule, jakisoni wa mankhwala osinthika sangayambitse hypoglycemia ngati mutadya maswiti ochepa pambuyo pokhazikitsa. Ultrashort insulin ndi yoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali otakataka, osatsogolera moyo woyeza.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni opanga nzeru:

• amalowetsedwa m'thupi nthawi yomweyo asanadye,
• jakisoni amachitidwa mosabisalira m'mimba, koma tsamba la jekeseni liyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi,
• kuchuluka kwa mankhwala obwera ndi jekeseni wa chakudya kuyenera kufanana ndi mlingo wa mankhwalawo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin ya insulin

Poyamba, mahomoni am'magazi anali othandizidwa kwa odwala ngati njira yothandizira pakadalumpha magazi. Kulephera kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa kumapangitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa insulini yochepa kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga moyenerera. Posachedwa, kutchuka kwake kwawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa mankhwalawo amakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera shuga, popanda kukakamiza munthu kuti adikire mphindi makumi anayi pambuyo pa jekeseni asanadye, monga momwe amayamba ndi mahomoni ofupikira.

Mankhwala otsogola kwambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati ma insulin afupiafupi sapereka mphamvu yokwanira. Ndizoyenera muzochitika zadzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, ngati kuphwanya kwa wodwala mu chakudya kupewa zovuta.

Matenda a m'mawa a m'mawa mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amadutsa mwankhanza ndipo amatchedwa "Morning Dawn Syndrome". Ngakhale akudya kapena osabweranso usiku kwa odwala amtundu 1 ndi 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Kubwera ndi insulin ya ultrashort m'mawa hyperglycemia ndiye njira yokhayo!

Hypoglycemia yofatsa imachitika nthawi yomweyo jekeseni, koma izi zimadziwika. Amawonetsedwa mwakuwonjezeka kwa chikhumbo, chizungulire pang'ono, kusakwiya modekha komanso nkhawa yowonjezereka.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la metabolic angathandize mtundu wamtunduwu wa insulin kwakanthawi kochepa. Zofananazo zimachitika ndi kuvulala ndi matenda opatsirana. Kuyeza kwa ndende ya glucose pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer ndi chithandizo chamankhwala mwa jekeseni wa insulin ya ultrafast kumapewa mavuto.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Ultra-mfupi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chakudya chokwanira odwala matenda ashuga komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi kuti muchepetse zovuta zazikulu.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kopambana

Mankhwala a mahomoni a Ultrashort amaperekedwa mwachangu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga a 2. Makampani opanga mankhwala amapereka ma insulin otsatirawa:

NovoRapid ndi Humalog ali ndi kuthekera kowonjezereka kwa kayendetsedwe ka intraven, pomwe Apidra imayendetsedwa kokha. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amapezeka mu mitundu yazinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi cholembera - mu cholembera. Singano yopyapyala komanso kapangidwe kapadera zimalola odwala kuti apange jakisoni kulikonse komanso nthawi iliyonse. Zipangizo zofunikira zidzayamikiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowona - kuwongolera mlingo kumatsimikiziridwa ndikudina.

Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin ya ultrafast

Kuchita kwa insulini wa ultrafast kumayambira m'mbuyomu kuposa kuwonongeka ndi kupangika kwa mapuloteni omwe amasandulika kukhala glucose amapezeka m'thupi la munthu. Mukamawerengera, munthu ayenera kuganizira za zomwe ali payekha, zomwe ali momwe munthuyo aliri, komanso malo ake. Kuthekera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin yakeyinso imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Zochita zamahoni amtundu uliwonse zimangotengera gawo lokhudzana ndi malonda, komanso kutentha.

Kuyika jakisoni m'mimba mwa wodwalayo kwathunthu - 90% imva mphamvu ya mahomoni a kapamba. Ngati jakisoni wabweretsedwa mkono kapena mwendo, ndiye kuti kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi thupi kudzachepera 20%.

Pancreas wathanzi amatulutsa insulin yambiri kotero kuti kilogalamu iliyonse ya kulemera kwake imakhala theka. Ndiye kuti, ngati munthu akulemera makilogalamu makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndiye kuti dongosolo lake la endocrine limayenera kupanga magawo makumi anayi a insulin yake.

Ndi kutaya kwathunthu kwa kapamba, wodwalayo alandire magawo makumi anayi a insulini yokumba. Koma dongosolo la endocrine limatha kugwira ntchito pang'ono kapena gawo lina lililonse. Ndi endocrinologist wokhayo amene angadziwe izi ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe atengedwa.

Ntchito yayikulu pakuwerengera imachitika ndi zomwe wodwala amachita - amasewera masewera kapena amakhala ndi moyo wodekha. Katundu wocheperako siziri chifukwa chowonjezera insulin.

Kufunika kwa insulin ya ultrashort kumasiyananso ndi nthawi ya tsiku. M'mawa, thupi limafunikira mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala a mahomoni. Ndiko kuti, pakudya cham'mawa ndikofunikira kuti mupeze zowonjezera za XE (mkate magawo). Nthawi ya nkhomaliro ndi madzulo, kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyenera kukhala kamodzi ndi theka kuposa XE.

Kuwerengera kwa mlingo wa jakisoni wa ultrashort insulin kumachitika poganizira mphamvu zake zamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, Humalog ndiyowirikiza kawiri ndi theka kuposa mankhwala omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa, ndipo mphamvu ya NovoRapid ndiyokwera kamodzi ndi theka kuposa mphamvu yamankhwala wamba a mahomoni. Momwemonso amapita ku insulin yatsopano - Apidra.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Mukabayidwa Humalog, ndikofunika kutenga nthawi inayi kuposa 1 UNIT yofanana, ndipo NovoRapida kapena Apidra - magawo awiri mwa atatu a mlingo wonse. Dokotala amayenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini yothamanga kwambiri.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa insulini ya ultrafast

Mtundu wochepetsetsa wa insulin uli ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Mwa zabwino za momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika:

• nthawi yayifupi kwambiri pachimake pa zinthu zomwe zimagwira,
• pafupifupi amathetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto,
• palibe chifukwa chosinthira nthawi yakumapaka jakisoni pa maola ena ndikudikirira kuti nthawi yake ipite ku nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo.

Zoyipa za insulin ya ultrashort ndi:

• pakutha msanga kwa zochita za mankhwala pathupi, chifukwa choti mahomoni amatsika kwambiri,
• kusinthasintha kowopsa kwa glucometer sikuloleza wodwala kuwerengetsa moyenera kuchuluka kwa chakudya,
• mankhwala atatha, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika - kutsikira kuposa mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi.

Kuti ntchito ya ultrashort insulin ikhale yayitali, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mlingo wake, koma pokhapokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala. Ndi zopanda ntchito komanso chowopsa kupatsa mankhwala opitilira makumi awiri panthawi imodzi. Pali chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Kudya kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndiko chifukwa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito insulin yochepa kwambiri.

Kubayira pompopompo kumathandizira kuthana ndi kapamba posakhalitsa ndi insulin yake. Izi zimapulumutsa munthu ku zovuta zazikulu komanso zovuta atatha kudya shuga.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Zovuta za ultrashort insulin

Chifukwa cha insulin yotalikilapo, zimakhala zotheka kukhalabe ndi insulin yoyambira, yofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi. Insulin yochepa imatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kamodzi kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira.

Madokotala amapereka insulin yochepa kwambiri yocheperako kwa odwala. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuti uyenera kutumizidwa musanadye chakudya. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wakhama.

Ndikofunikira kuperekera mankhwalawo mutatha. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikatha kuyambitsa, ndikokwanira kungodya maswiti ochepa.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito

Ultrashort insulin ndiwothamanga kwambiri pakuchita kwawo. Atangoyendetsa, amachititsa kuti zikondazo zipange insulini, yomwe imamanga ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, iyenera kutumizidwa mutatha kudya. Ngati mutsatira malamulo onse ogwiritsira ntchito, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya insulini.

Insulin yocheperako pang'ono imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti matenda a shuga achulukane. Ndi chithandizo chake, thanzi lake limabwezeretsedwa m'mphindi zochepa chabe.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino abwino a mankhwalawa ndikuti samayambitsa mavuto, komanso amachepetsa kwambiri mavuto. Ultrashort insulin yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe amafunikira chithandizo champhamvu champhamvu.

Mankhwala amtunduwu amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe samapeza zotsatira zokwanira kuchokera ku insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, amawerengedwa kwa iwo omwe amatsatira malangizo onse a adokotala. Nthawi zina amakumana ndi kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayenera kuyimitsidwa posachedwa.

Dziwani kuti insulini yocheperapo pang'ono ndiyomwe imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa imakhala ndi nthawi 2 yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Zoyipa zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ka insulin yothamanga kwambiri

Insulin ya Ultrafast ili ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri yochita zambiri ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi a wodwalayo umachepa msanga. Popeza chiwopsezo chochita mankhwalawa ndi chakuthwa kwambiri, kuwerengetsa kwa muyezo wa mankhwalawa kuti mugwiritse ntchito kumakhala ndi zovuta zake. Zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito insulin yotereyi zikuwoneka mu malangizo omwe akuphatikizira kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtunduwu ukuwonetsa kuti zotsatira za insulin mthupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi osakhazikika komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala okhala ndi insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumangofunikira pokhapokha. Chitsanzo cha zoterezi zitha kukhala ulendo wopita kumalo odyera kapena kuyenda pandege.

Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini ya ultrafast, odwala ambiri amasintha kwa dokotala. Koma kuti moyo ubwerere mwakale, wodwalayo amafunika kukhala wofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekereratu.

Sikovuta kuwerengetsa muyezo wa insulin ya ultrafast. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumafunika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yakumayambiriro kwa kudumpha m'magazi a magazi - mphindi iyi ndi nthawi yoyambitsa mankhwala a ultrafast.

Kuwerengera moyenera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kuwerengera koyenera, mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndipo samapereka zovuta. Kanemayo munkhaniyi pamayimbidwe omwe mafuko amalankhula za ultrashort insulin.

Mayina Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo

Ultrashort insulin ikufalikira tsiku lililonse. Mwa zofanizira, ndizatsopano kwambiri, kufufuza kumachitika nthawi zonse kwa ife. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri amapereka mankhwala a Humulin, Insuman Rapid, Homor, Actrapid.

Muzochita zawo, ndizofanana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe. Kusiyana kwawo kokhako ndikuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito koyamba komanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Amathanso kutengedwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, kwa odwala atachitidwa opaleshoni komanso ndi ketoocytosis.

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ma insulin onse oyambira-pang'ono ndi Humalog. Sichimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa, zimadzikhazikitsa ngati chida chothandiza kwambiri.

Pafupipafupi, odwala amatchulidwa Novorapid ndi Apidra. Iwo ndi yankho la liproinsulin kapena glulisin insulin. Onsewa ndi ofanana pochita ndi organic. Atangoyendetsa makina, amatsitsa shuga m'magazi, kusintha moyo wa munthu.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule imayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe imakhalapobe mthupi. Ndi mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa mankhwalawa, ndikosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe muyenera kudya.

Komanso, ndi insulin yochepa kwambiri, simukuyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe mukufuna kudya. Ndikokwanira kulowa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kapena osachepera mphindi 10 musanadutse. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe sangakhale ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zadzidzidzi pakafunika kuchepetsa kukhumudwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungawerengere mlingo?

Mlingo wofanana wa kuchuluka kwa insulin ya ultrashort zimatengera mawonekedwe amthupi ndi njira ya matendawa.

Katswiri amafunika kudziwa kuti ndi mahomoni angati pa 1 makilogalamu angapo omwe amapangidwa patsiku. Chiwerengerocho chimagawika pawiri, kenako mlingo umatsimikiza. Mwachitsanzo: munthu amene ali ndi matenda ashuga amalemera 70 kg. Chifukwa chake, akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 35 U ya insulini yocheperako-pang'onopang'ono kuti thupi lake lizigwira ntchito moyenera.

Ngati kapamba akakhala kuti akhoza kugwira ntchito payokha, ndiye kuti insulin yotsalira pang'ono imasakanizidwa ndi nthawi yayitali kuchuluka kwa 50 mpaka 50 kapena 40 - 60 - katswiriyo ndi amene amafufuza kuchuluka kwake. Kumbukirani kuti mudzafunika kuchita mayeso pafupipafupi kuti musinthe mankhwalawo nthawi zonse.

Kumbukirani kuti tsiku lonse, kufunika kwa insulin kumasintha. Mwachitsanzo, m'mawa amakhala kuti amadya kawiri kuposa mkate. Madzulo, chokwanira ichi chimatsikira mpaka 1.5, ndipo madzulo - mpaka 1.25.

Musaiwale kusinthasintha njira zamankhwala ngati mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena ngati mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati muli ndi katundu wocheperako, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chosinthira mlingo. Ngati shuga ali pamlingo wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti magawo atatu a buledi amawonjezeredwa pa mlingo womwe waperekedwa.

Chitani zonse zotheka kuti mupewe kukula kwa lipodystrophy. Zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chitetezo chamthupi chazovuta, chifukwa chomwe minofu yama mafuta ochepa amawonongeka. Chifukwa chaichi, malo opezeka amawonekera pa thupi la munthu. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa kuphwanya lamulo la shuga.

Insulin edema, yomwe ndi vuto losowa kwambiri la matenda ashuga, imathanso kuchitika.

Zakudya Zopatsa Matenda A shuga A Type 2: Maphikidwe a Matenda A shuga

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchiza matenda oyambitsawa - lembani matenda ashuga a 2, kwa odwala ndikofunikira kwambiri kuteteza ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu zomwe matendawa angakhudze.

Izi zimawopseza zovuta zovuta: matenda a mtima, maso, impso ndi ziwalo zina. Pokhapokha ngati munthu ali ndi vuto limodzi kuti athe kulimbana ndi ntchitoyi - ndikofunikira kuteteza kagayidwe kake ka mafuta ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za wodwala.

Chifukwa chake, popanda kudya, chithandizo choyenera cha matenda amtundu wa 2 sichingatheke. Komanso, sizitengera kuti wodwala amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kapena ayi, chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudya.

Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya

Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kotero magawo oyambilira ayenera kukhala osintha zakudya, ndipo zakudya zoyenera za matenda ashuga zimaganizira zonsezi.

Ayenera kukhala ndi cholinga chofuna kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba.

Wodwala amayenera kuchepetsa kulemera kwa pafupifupi 6 kg, ndipo mwa 10% ya kulemera konse kwa thupi ndipo osabwereranso kulemera kwam'mbuyomu, umu ndi momwe zakudya zimagwirira ntchito, komanso mfundo zake zoyambirira.

Ngati kulemera kwamthupi la wodwalayo sikupitirira chikhalidwe chovomerezeka, mphamvu ya chakudya chomwe amudya amayenera kutsatira miyezo yathanzi yazakudya, yomwe imaganizira zaka za wodwalayo, jenda ndi zochita zake zolimbitsa thupi.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta, kusamalidwa kwapadera kuyenera kuthandizidwa, ndipo zopangidwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ziyenera kuganizira izi.

Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, monga mukudziwa, mwayi waukulu wokulirapo:

1. atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zazikulu zazing'ono,
2. matenda a mtima
3. matenda amitsempha yamagazi (kuwononga ziwiya zaubongo).

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimayenera kukhala ndi chidwi cha antiatherosclerotic.

Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwachangu, chifukwa ali ndi mafuta ambiri komanso mafuta ochulukirapo. Monga kafukufuku wazaka zaposachedwa, zakudya zotere m'matenda a shuga zimachepetsa chidwi cha maselo kulowa insulini.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amavomerezeka bwanji mu zakudya ndipo samatsogolera kunenepa kwambiri

Munthu wathanzi yemwe alibe wonenepa kwambiri komanso wogwira ntchito mokwanira tsiku lonse amatha kugwiritsa ntchito galamu imodzi ya mafuta pa kilogalamu imodzi ya thupi ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwerenge kulemera koyenera, muyenera kuchotsa 100 kuchokera kutalika kwanu masentimita.

Ngati kutalika kwa wodwala ndi masentimita 170, ndiye kuti kulemera kwake koyenera kuyenera kukhala makilogalamu 70, ndipo malinga ndi zolimbitsa thupi, munthu wotero amaloledwa kudya mpaka 70 magalamu amafuta patsiku.

• pokonza mbale yokazinga ndikokwanira 1 tbsp. supuni ya mafuta masamba, omwe ali 15 gr. mafuta
• mu 50 gr. chokoleti ndi 15-18 gr. mafuta
• 1 chikho cha 20% kirimu wowawasa - 40 gr. mafuta.

Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kulipo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumadyedwa pa 1 kg. kulemera kwa thupi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Ngakhale kudziletsa kocheperako koma kokhazikika kumapindula. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi ziletso zazing'ono za tsiku ndi tsiku, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolimbikira kuposa kungotaya thupi mwadzidzidzi pogwiritsa ntchito mafashoni;

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kusunga mbiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo la zinthu zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe siziyenera kupatula zakudya zanu

Mafuta ambiri amakhala ndi:

1. mu mayonesi ndi kirimu wowawasa,
2. masoseji ndi soseji iliyonse,
3. mu mwanawankhosa ndi nkhumba,
4. m'matumba am'magazi onenepa, awa ndi pafupifupi chikopa chonse chachikaso,
5. mu mafuta mkaka.

Koma chosafunikanso kwambiri ndi njira yoyendetsera zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zimatsindika izi. M'pofunika kuchotsa mafuta ndi mafuta anyama kuchokera ku nyama, khungu liyenera kuchotsedwa pamitembo ya mbalame, ngati kuli kotheka, osafunsa zakudya zokazinga, ndikuziyika ndi zophika, zophika, zotentha, zokhala ndi msuzi wawo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri a trans zisakhale kunja kwa chakudya. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti kuchulukitsa kwa mafuta m'thupi kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chitetezo chathupi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kulemera msanga komanso kukulitsa khansa.

Zogulitsa zomwe zimafunikira kupatula pachakudya chanu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ndizophatikizira:

1. margarine
2. batala lamtengo wapatali wotsika,
3. mafuta a masamba ndi mafuta - zimafalikira,
4. coco batala wogwirizira - mafuta a confectionery,
5. zakudya zilizonse zothamanga (hamburger, galu wotentha, ma frie achi french, etc.),
6. zipatso

Ndikofunikira kuti zakudya zamasamba (zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba) zizipezeka mokwanira muzakudya. Asayansi apeza kuti ngati gawo limodzi la zakudya mu 2/3 lili ndi zakudya zam'mera, ndipo zotsalazo ndi mapuloteni (nsomba kapena nyama), ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chotenga khansa chimachepetsedwa, ndipo chakudyacho chikuyenera kuganizira izi.

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a fructose m'zakudya, kuphatikizapo maswiti.

Komabe, kumwa pafupipafupi kwa fructose kumatha kubweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa thupi limalephera kulimbana ndi leptin, timadzi timene timayendetsa chakudya.

Izi, kuphatikiza ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, zimatha kunenepa. Chifukwa chake, odwala onenepa kwambiri saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito malonda pa fructose.

Zakudya zamafuta apamwamba kwambiri

Popeza chakudya cham'magazi chimawonedwa ngati chida chokhacho chomwe chitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwake muzakudya (posowa kunenepa kwambiri kwa wodwala) kuyenera kukhala kokwanira, zakudya zimaganizira mfundo iyi.

Zakudya zamakono za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukonza zakudya, zimatsutsa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'mbuyomu: madokotala mopatula adalangiza aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kuti adyeko pang'ono monga momwe kungathere. Zikuwoneka kuti kuphatikiza kwama carbohydrate ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Shuga ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi izi, zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimathetseratu:

Matenda a shuga onsewa amatha kuchepetsedwa, koma zinthu izi zitha kusinthidwa ndi zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazakudya ndi index ya glycemic yotsika. Izi zimaphatikizapo zipatso zambiri, masamba, zipatso, nyemba, mtedza, mbewu monga chimanga, zinthu zophika mkate ndi zinthu zina.

Piramidi ya zakudya komanso zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga

Kodi munthu adye chiyani kuti akhalebe ndi thupi?

Piramidi ya zakudya zimapereka yankho ku funso ili, lomwe limavomerezeka chimodzimodzi kwa anthu athanzi komanso kwa odwala matenda ashuga a 2.

Piramidiyi ikufotokozera momveka bwino kuti ndi zingati zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pagulu lililonse la chakudya.

Pamwamba pake pali zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa, koma osowa:

1. Mowa, mafuta, masamba mafuta, maswiti.
2. Zopangira mkaka, mkaka, nkhuku, nyama, nsomba, mtedza, mazira, nyemba. Zonsezi ndizotheka mu 2-3 servings.
3. Zipatso - 2-4 servings, masamba - 3-5 servings.
4. Pansi pa piramidi pali mkate ndi chimanga, zitha kudyedwa 6-11.

Malinga ndi mphamvu zomwe zili mgawoli komanso kapangidwe kazakudya, iwo (m'gulu lomwelo) amasinthana ndipo amafanana. Chifukwa chake adalandira dzina loti "choloweza m'malo."

Mwachitsanzo, 30 g shuga ali ndi 115 kcal. Zomwe zili ndi kalori wofanana, koma zopatsa thanzi zambiri zitha kupezeka podya pafupifupi 35 g wa pasitala kapena 50 g wa mkate wa rye. Munthu aliyense amene amadziwa bwino piramidi amatha kupanga chakudya chake.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi malinga ndi mankhwala

Wodwala ayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse, osachepera 5-6 patsiku, koma magawo ayenera kukhala ochepa. Mutadzaza mbaleyo ndi chakudya, muyenera kusiya theka lokha, ndikutsalanso ina kapena kusiya pambuyo pake.

Chisamaliro chochuluka chimayenera kulipidwa kuti athe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi shuga m'magazi. Wodwala ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti azindikire komanso kupewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia munthawi, mwachitsanzo, pakumwa mowa kapena panthawi yolimbitsa thupi.

Wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 akakhala kuti ali ndi insulin yokwanira, ayenera kutsatira zomwezo ngati ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1:

1. okhwimitsa zinthu
2. kugawa chakudya pamilandu,
3. kuwerengetsa "mkate zigawo".

Mankhwalawa hypoglycemic mankhwala

Ngakhale hypoglycemia imachitika pafupipafupi ndi chithandizo chotere kuposa majakisoni a insulin, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi chakudya.

Ndipo muyenera kupanga zakudya zanu potengera dongosolo la piramidi.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zomwe hypoglycemia imatha kuchitika ndi mwayi wambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza ma glinides ndi sulfonylurea kukonzekera:

• Repaglinide
• nateglinide
• glimepiride
• gliclazide
• glibenclamide.

Njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndi kukondoweza kwa maselo a beta pakupanga insulin. Mokulira momwe mankhwalawo alili ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo, kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri, motero, kumapangitsa kuti insulini idulidwe m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, ngati wodwala wakupatsani ndalamazo, ayenera kudya pafupipafupi. Kupanda kutero, kuchuluka kwa insulini kwambiri kumachepetsa shuga la magazi.

Njira zamachitidwe othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira:

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

1. Kuphika msuzi wamasamba, pamadzi, ndi zakumwa zina.
2. Squash, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi yowola kwambiri: masamba, nsomba, bondo.
3. Kuphika nthunzi.
4. Kuphika kotsatiridwa ndi kuphika mu uvuni.
5. Kuyatsa, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Kuphika ndi diso ndikosayenera. Kuti muthane ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amadya, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito masikelo apakhomo, mbale zoyezera komanso matebulo apakudya. Gome limodzi lotere, mwachitsanzo, limaperekedwa kwa ife.

Magulu a chakudya chamagulu

Osavomerezeka chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

Puff pastry ndi pastry, mkaka soups wopanda Zakudya, mpunga, semolina, mafuta amphamvu msuzi, nsomba mafuta, chakudya zamzitini, soseji ambiri, nyama zotsekemera, nyama yamafuta ndi nkhuku, kirimu.
Ma curls okoma, tchizi zamchere, caviar, mafuta am'chitini, nsomba zamchere, komanso:

Pasitala, semolina, mpunga.

Zonse zophika ndi mafuta a nyama.

Msuzi wokhathamira komanso wokometsera.

Kuzifutsa ndi mchere masamba.

Zakudya zotsekemera: mandimu ndi shuga, zipatso zotsekemera, ayisikilimu, maswiti, kupanikizana, shuga.

Zipatso zokoma: madeti, nkhuyu, nthochi, mphesa zamphesa, mphesa.

Yalangizidwa pa Matenda A shuga

Zogulitsa zautsi ndi buledi: magawo a tirigu 2, chinangwa, rye (pafupifupi 300 g patsiku).

Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa buledi, zosapangidwa komanso ufa wosakhazikika.

Masamba: nyama ndi masamba okroshka, msuzi wa beetroot, borsch, msuzi kabichi.

Ochepera mafuta: nsomba, nyama, bowa, masamba, mbatata yokhala ndi zomangira za nyama, chimanga (oat, barele la pearl, mapira, barele, buckwheat). Masipu a Borsch ndi sorelo a kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo sangakhale m'malo.

Ma groat oat ndi buckwheat ndi othandiza kwambiri, ali ndi mitundu yambiri yazakudya zachilengedwe; kuwonjezera apo, amasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala mafuta.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyama

Nyama yamphongo yoluka, ng'ombe yotsamira, mwanawankhosa wakhanda ndi nkhumba, kalulu.

Turkey, nkhuku stewed, yophika kapena yokazinga pambuyo kuphika, zidutswa kapena kudula.

Mu chiwindi chochepa, lilime lophika, masoseji a zakudya.

Mitundu yake yokhayo yopanda mafuta yomwe yophika, yophika, yosakhwima kakang'ono: siliva hake, safoni ya cod, perch, bream, cod, pike perch. Zaamphaka nsomba mu phwetekere kapena madzi ake.

Mazira, phala, mafuta

Ma yolks akuyenera kukhala ochepa, mazira 1-1,5 patsiku, owiritsa-pang'ono, amaloledwa.

Mbale zitha kudyedwa mwa mtundu wina wamagulu azakudya, zomwe zalimbikitsidwa:

Kuchokera pa mafuta ophikira + mpaka pambale (pafupifupi magalamu 40 patsiku):

• mafuta a masamba: mpendadzuwa, maolivi, chimanga.
• batala losungunuka popanda mchere.

Masamba monga mbatata, nandolo zobiriwira, beets ndi kaloti ziyenera kudyedwa ndi chakudya.

Amaphika, kuphika, kuphika ,iwisi, nthawi zina yokazinga masamba okhala ndi carb otsika ndikulimbikitsidwa:

Monga mankhwala ochepa a carbohydrate, letesi imatha kusiyanitsidwa. Mwambiri, zakudya zama carb ochepa za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yazakudya.

Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mavitamini komanso mchere wamchere, mwachitsanzo, nicotinic acid, yemwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa insulin.

Mchere wa zinc mumaladi umathandizanso kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa kapamba.

• Tchizi chosatulutsa.
• Ng ombe yochepa yamafuta.
• Zakudya zam'nyanja.
• Jellied nsomba.
• Hering'i hering'i.
• Masamba obiriwira (biringanya, squash).
• Watsopano masamba saladi.
• Vinaigrette.

Msuzi ndi zonunkhira

• pamtengo wazomera,
• nyama yofooka, bowa ndi msuzi wa nsomba,

Zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira zimatha kudyeka pang'ono:

• mpiru, tsabola,
• parsley, katsabola,
• marjoramu, zovala, sinamoni.

1. Khofi ndi mkaka, tiyi.
2. Zakudya zamasamba.
3. Ziphuphu kuchokera ku zipatso zosapatsa acid komanso zipatso.
4. A decoction a rose m'chiuno ayenera kudya chaka chonse.

Momwe mungatenge Metformin kuti muchepetse shuga

Metformin ndi mankhwala a mzere woyamba wochizira matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Imatha kuchiza matenda amtundu wa metabolic ndikuthana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri ndikulephera kwa zakudya zamankhwala komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Limagwirira ntchito zachokera kukulitsa chidwi cha minyewa kupita insulin, chifukwa chomwe msinkhu wa glycemia ndi wofanana.

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe, kapangidwe kake ndi ma CD

Amapangidwa ngati mapiritsi a biconvex wokutidwa ndi filimu yosungunuka ya film. Mlingo wa 500, 850 ndi 1000 mg ulipo.

Chojambulachi ndi chithuza chambiri cha mapiritsi 30, 60 kapena 120. Mbale izi, motero, zidutswa 1-3 zimayikidwa pabokosi lamakadi okhala ndi malangizo azachipatala kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Chofunikira chachikulu ndi metformin hydrochloride. Zili pagulu la Biguanides a m'badwo wachitatu. Zina mwazinthu zothandizira zilipo: povidone, wowonda chimanga, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, talc. Kuphatikizika kwa chipolalachi ndi methaconic acid ndi methylryacoplate kopolymer, macrogol, titanium dioxide, talc.

Opanga INN

INN (dzina losafunikira lapadziko lonse lapansi) la mankhwalawa ndi metformin hydrochloride. M'masitolo ogulitsa, amagulitsidwa pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana ogulitsa.

Mankhwala oyamba omwe amachokera ku metformin ndi Glucophage, yomwe imapangidwa ku France ndi kampani ya MERCK SANTE. Kuphatikiza apo, magetsi ambiri amapangidwa, omwe amasiyana mumtundu komanso mtengo. Zofanizira zotchuka kwambiri zikuphatikiza Siofor (Germany), Formmetin ndi Glformin (Russia), Bagomet (Argentina), Formin pliva (Croatia).

Mtengo wa metformin, kutengera mlingo, wopanga ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi, amachokera ku 80 mpaka 290 rubles.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Metformin ili ndi malo ochepetsa shuga chifukwa amatha kuletsa gluconeogeneis. Sichikondweretsa kapamba, chifukwa chake, sichingawonongere mkhalidwewo komanso kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo.

Kuchita bwino kumatsimikiziridwa ndi izi:

• Amachepetsa shuga ya shuga poyendetsa glycogen metabolism (glycogenolysis),
• amalepheretsa mapangidwe a glucose (gluconeogeneis) kuchokera ku zinthu zamapuloteni ndi mafuta,
• Imachepetsa mayamwidwe am'matumbo m'matumbo,
• zimapangitsa chidwi cha insulin receptors, potero kuchepetsa insulin,
• kumawonjezera kutembenuka kwa glucose kuti agwiritse ntchito m'mimba,
• amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins) ya triglycerides ndi cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi, kumawonjezera milingo ya HDL ndi HDL (lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso yayikulu kwambiri),
• amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa glu m'magazi,
• Amakonza michere ya magazi ya fibrinolytic.

Pharmacokinetics

Metformin imatulutsa mwachangu mu thirakiti lamatumbo, bioavailability ili pafupifupi 50%. Kuphatikizika kwa magazi m'magazi kumachitika patatha maola atatu mutatha kumwa mapiritsi. Ngati mankhwalawo atakhazikika pang'onopang'ono amatha kutsitsa zomwe zimatulutsa, ndiye kuti pamakhala kuchuluka kwa ndende pambuyo pa maola 4-8. Metformin imangokhala yolimba kumapuloteni a plasma, kotero, kukhazikika kwazinthu kumadzipezeka m'magazi pokhapokha pakatha masiku 1-2 atachira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo ndi chakudya kumachepetsa mphamvu yake yomira m'mimba. Metformin imadziunjikira m'makoma am'matumbo ndi m'mimba, m'chiwindi ndi ma cell a salivary. Hafu ya moyo ndi maola 6.2. Metformin simapukusidwa mthupi. Imafufutidwa ndi impso zosasinthika ndi kubisala kwa tubular. Pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalozi moipa, momwe mankhwalawo amasinthira, amadziunjikira mthupi.

Metformin ili ndi zochitika zingapo. Cholinga chachikulu ndi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la kudya, onenepa kwambiri. Zothandiza:

• Akuluakulu, monga monotherapy kapena molumikizana ndi mankhwala ena amkamwa a hypoglycemic kapena insulin,
• mwa ana a zaka zopitilira 10 ngati njira yodziyimira payekhapayekha, komanso kufanana ndi insulin.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda a shuga a 2, amalembedwera:

• kunenepa kwachiwiri chifukwa cha kukana insulini,
• mpumulo wa kagayidwe kachakudya matenda,
• ovary polycystic,
• kupewa matenda ashuga odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo,
• omanga olimbitsa thupi amawerengera kukonza.

Contraindication

Metformin imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazotetezeka kwambiri pakati pa mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Koma, monga mankhwala aliwonse, ali ndi contraindication kuti agwiritse ntchito:

• Kulephera kwa impso kapena chiwindi,
• matenda ashuga ketoacidosis, precoma, chikomokere,
• zovuta zamthupi: kuchepa madzi m'thupi, kutentha thupi, kugwedezeka, kupindika,
• mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere
• kuchitapo opaleshoni yayikulu, kuvulala kapena kuwotcha kwakukulu,
• uchidakwa
• lactic acidosis,
• Hypersensitivity kwa mankhwala kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu.

CHIYAMBI! Mosamala, metformin imalembedwa kwa ana osakwana zaka 10, okalamba (metabolism ochepa) ndi odwala omwe akuchita zolimba zolimbitsa thupi (chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis).

Ndondomeko yovomerezeka yamankhwala imayamba ndi 500-1000 mg / tsiku. (Mapiritsi 1-2). Mofananamo, kuwongolera zolimbitsa thupi ndi kudya kumalimbikitsidwa. Ngati pambuyo pa masabata 1-2 mulibe mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimawonedwa, mlingo umasintha. Chovomerezeka chachikulu ndi 2000 mg / tsiku Kwa odwala okalamba - 1000 mg / tsiku.

Ndikofunikira kumwa mapiritsi ndi chakudya kapena mukangomaliza, ndi kapu yamadzi. Ngati umboniwo sutsatiridwa, phindu la mankhwalawa limachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala. Simungathe kuletsa nokha.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Monga mankhwala aliwonse opangidwa, metformin imayambitsa zovuta zingapo. Nthawi zambiri amakula kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo ndikupereka okha. Zochitika zoyipa ndizomwe zimachitika:

• Kuchokera kwam'mimba thirakiti: nseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kusokonezeka kwa chopondapo,
• mbali ya kagayidwe kazinthu: lactic acidosis (mankhwala kuthetsedwa), hypoglycemia, ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali - hypovitaminosis B12,
• ku hemopoiesis: megaloblastic anemia,
• thupi lawo siligwirizana: erythema, kuyabwa ndi zotupa.

Zovuta za m'mimba zimayikidwa nthawi zambiri. Amayamba chifukwa chotseka mayamwidwe a glucose, omwe amachititsa njira yovunda ndi kutulutsa kwa mpweya. Pang'onopang'ono, thupi limasinthasintha, zochitika zimatha. Ndi matchulidwe osayenera a zotsatira zoyipa komanso kusapeza bwino, chithandizo chamankhwala chimatengedwa.

Bongo

Milandu yopitirira muyeso wa achire ambiri nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kuphwanya mphamvu kwa machitidwe kapena ziwalo. Kusanza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, hypo- kapena hyperglycemia kumatha kuchitika. Zotsatira zoyipa pankhaniyi sizachilendo.

Vuto lina lalikulu ndi lactic acidosis. Ichi ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa chotsatira cha metformin. Zimachitika ndi matenda osakhazikika a shuga, ketoacidosis, kusadya bwino, kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi, kapena mikhalidwe iriyonse ya hypoxic. Zizindikiro za lactic acidosis ndi:

• kusasangalala m'mimba
• kusanza
• kugona kapena kugona,
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• mphwayi
• utachepa kamvekedwe ka minofu ndi luso la galimoto.

CHIYAMBI! Ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kwa lactic acidosis, metformin iyenera kusiyidwa ndipo wodwalayo amalizidwa kuchipatala mwachangu kuti alowetse mankhwala.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pochita maphunziro a x-ray pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini, odwala ali ndi chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis, makamaka ndi vuto laimpso. Popewa izi, kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kumayimitsidwa masiku awiri asanayambe phunzirolo ndikuyambiranso pambuyo pake.

Kugwirizana kwa danazol kapena chlorpromazine wokhala ndi metformin kungayambitse zochitika za hyperglycemic.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma antipsychotic kumafunikira kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a metformin ndi kuyang'anira shuga.

Yokhazikika makonzedwe a metformin ndi sulfonylurea kukonzekera, NSAIDs, insulin, ACE zoletsa, beta-blockers kungachititse kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Mlingo wa Metformin excretion umachepetsa kwambiri cimetidine, womwe ungayambitse lactic acidosis.

Kuyenderana ndi mowa

Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo munthawi ya chithandizo cha metformin kumachulukitsa chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis, makamaka podya zakudya zamafuta ochepa kapena matenda aimpso. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu kumeneku sikuloledwa. M'nkhani ina, tidapenda mwatsatanetsatane kufanana kwa metformin ndi mowa.

Malangizo apadera

Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, kuwunikira ntchito ya impso ndikofunikira. Kangapo pachaka, onani kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa magazi m'magazi, komanso ngati mukumva kupweteka m'misempha. Kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, plasma creatinine imayang'aniridwa.

Kuphatikiza kwa metformin ndi sulfonylurea kukonzekera ndikovomerezeka, koma motsogozedwa mwamphamvu ndi glycemic.

MTHANDIZO! Kugwiritsa ntchito metformin ngati monotherapy sikumachepetsa chidwi komanso sikukulepheretsa kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Mukaphatikiza metformin ndi othandizira ena a hypoglycemic, pamakhala chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha zochitika za hypoglycemic, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala ndi zochitika zomwe sizingakhale zotetezeka.

Mimba komanso kuyamwa

Metformin sinafotokozeredwe kwa odwala panthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala a insulin amaperekedwa nthawi imeneyi. Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera kapena mukakhala ndi pakati, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti musamukire ku chithandizo china ndikuwunikira mosalekeza.

Kafukufuku wokhudza kuthekera kwa metformin kudutsa mkaka wa m'mawere sichinachitike pakadali pano, motero mankhwalawo amaletsedwa azimayi anyama. Ngati izi ndizosatheka, siyimani mkaka.

Fananizani ndi fanizo

Mankhwala pano amapereka njira zingapo zothandizira odwala matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala oyamba achi French ozikidwa pa metformin, ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yayitali. Mosiyana ndi ma generics, glucophage imayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa kangapo. Koma, monga ndi mankhwala aliwonse apachibale, mtengo umapitilira mtengo wa analogues.

Chimodzi mwazida zotchuka za metformin zotchulidwa kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati monotherapy ngati vuto la kudya. Siofor ili ndi zotsutsana zambiri komanso zoyipa, koma mtengo wake umakhala wotsika.

Njira yothandizirana, zinthu zazikulu ndi metformin ndi vildagliptin. Ili ndi tanthauzo lotanthauza hypoglycemic poyerekeza ndi ma analogu ena. Kufuna kwake kochepa pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa cha mtengo wa mankhwalawa - pafupifupi ma ruble a 1000.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bajeti. Ili ndi zovuta zambiri.

Zili m'gulu la zotumphukira za sulfonylurea. Diabeteson MV imalembedwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2, ngati kulemera kwake ndikwabwinobwino ndipo palibe kukana insulin. Njira yochitira ndikutsitsa kapamba, komwe kumapangitsa "kuvala" ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri.

Amatchedwa monotherapy kwa odwala omwe amatsatira zakudya zolimbitsa thupi. Gliformin ndi yotsika mtengo - mpaka ma ruble 280. kunyamula.

The yogwira mankhwala kuchokera sulfonylurea gulu. Awa ndim mankhwala a 2nd mankhwalawa matenda a shuga a 2, chifukwa ali ndi zovuta komanso mavuto ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kapamba.

Amakhudzana ndi sulfonylurea zotumphukira ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zonse zagululi. Ubwino wa Maninil umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense.

Glibenclamide

Zokhudza m'badwo wachitatu wa zotumphukira za sulfonylurea. Ndi mphamvu yofananira, kuchuluka kwa zochitika za hypoglycemic kumakhazikika 2 mochulukira. Glibenclamide amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuyendetsa bwino shuga.

Wothandizidwa ndi hypoglycemic wothandizira pakamwa, womwe ndi wochokera m'badwo wachiwiri wa sulfonylurea, amakhala ndi zotulukapo zambiri, ngati onse oimilira gulu ili la zinthu.

Hypoglycemic wothandizira pakamwa kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la Biguanide. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomasulira ndi metformin mankhwala.

Ndi mankhwala a anorexigenic omwe amathandizira kumverera kwodzaza. Ndi gawo la gulu la mankhwala ochizira kunenepa kwambiri, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovuta kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Reduxin Met ili ndi metformin.

Sibutramine

Zikugwiritsanso ntchito pazinthu za anorexigenic, zimachulukitsa kagayidwe, zimathandizira kupanga kutentha mthupi ndipo zimathandizira kuyaka kwamafuta.

Muli mitundu iwiri yogwira: glibenclamide ndi metformin. Izi opanga zamagulu osiyanasiyana amakankhwala. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwawo, mankhwalawa amakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana a pathogenesis nthawi imodzi.

Zofunikira zazikulu ndi taurine. Mfundo zoyenera kuchita ndikusunga shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol. Dibicor amalembedwa kuti apititse patsogolo thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga komanso kusintha ntchito yamtima.

Odwala omwe amatenga metformin amawona kuti ndi mankhwala othandiza omwe amatha kuthana ndi mavuto a kagayidwe ka glucose komanso onenepa kwambiri.

Dmitry Eremin, wazaka 56:

“Mu 2010, anandipeza ndi matenda ashuga. Nthawi yonseyi amagwiritsa ntchito glibenclamide, koma pafupifupi chaka chapitacho sing'anga wopezekayo anasamutsidwa ku metformin. Zotsatira zoyipa zachepa kwambiri, ndipo mankhwalawo ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri. Mkulu wa glucose amakhala wolimba komanso wopanda malire, ndipo thanzi langa latha. ”

Elena Sedakova, wazaka 40:

"Metformin adalembedwa ndi endocrinologist nditakumana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri. Glucose anali pamlingo wabwinobwino, ndipo zisonyezo zina zonse za carbohydrate metabolism sizinapezeke. Adatenga metformin ndikukhala pachakudya chamoto chocheperako. M'miyezi yowerengeka, ma kilogalamu 10 "adatsalira", ndipo khungu silidavuta. "

Metformin yadzikhazikitsa ngati mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya hypoglycemic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu 2 wa shuga komanso ngati njira yolemeretsa matendawa. Musanagwiritse ntchito metformin, kufunsa dokotala ndikofunikira.

Ultra -fupi-insulin-insulin ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe ali ndi zabwino zambiri

Ultrashort insulin ndi madzimadzi omveka bwino omwe amakhudza zochitika za maselo a pancreatic beta. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga insulini yachilengedwe, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a anthu.

Ubwino waukulu wa ndalama zotere ndi kuthamanga: zotsatira zake pakugwiritsidwa ntchito zimawonekera mphindi 5-20 pambuyo pa kutsata. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pa maola 3-5, kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa zinthu kumachitika pambuyo pa 7-8. Ultrashort insulin idapangidwa kuti iletse kuukira kwa hyperglycemia.