Mwazi wamagazi > Magazi a shuga m'magazi

Anthu azaka za XXI tsiku lililonse amakumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndizopanikizika kuntchito, komanso kuperewera kwachilengedwe, komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi, komanso zizolowezi zoyipa. M'mikhalidwe yovuta ngati iyi, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lanu. Chimodzi mwamagawo ofunikira amunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Glucose m'magazi ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti munthu wathanzi achite zonse zofunika. Koma bwanji ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi ndikosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwanu? Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chomwe izi zingachitike. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Posachedwa, anthu adayamba kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri: zinthu zophika mkate, komanso maswiti ndi maswiti ena. Zikondamoyo sizitha kuthana ndi katunduyu, ndipo glucose owonjezera sakutulutsidwa bwino mkodzo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi sikumaphatikizapo kuwotcha kwama calorie ochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma kilogalamu. Ngati shuga wanu wapamwamba kuposa shuga wamagazi anu, ndiye kuti izi zingapangitse kuti musakhale onenepa kwambiri, komanso chiwopsezo cha cholesterol. Pali chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.

Matenda A shuga: Kulamulira shuga

Momwe kuchuluka kwanu kuliri kuposa shuga, mumapanikizika ndipo zaka zanu zimaposa zaka 40, izi zimatha kudwala kwambiri ngati matenda a shuga. Pa chithandizo chake, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zomwe zimachitika m'magazi a capillary amadziwika kuti zimachokera ku 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol wa glucose pa lita. Pomwe magazi amadzala, magazi a shuga ndi 4-6,8 mmol pa lita imodzi kapena 70-100 mg pa 100 ml ya magazi. Ndi zaka (kuyambira zaka 60) cholozera cha shuga chimakwera ndikufika pa 6.38
mmol pa lita imodzi ya plasma. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa shuga kuyenera kuchitidwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
maola opanda chakudya). Pofuna kupewa zolakwika pazotsatira, tisanawunike, thupi siliyenera kukhala lokondwa kapena lopanikizika,
kuti muchepetse kulimbitsa thupi kwanu m'mawa kapena ulendo wopita kwa dokotala ku tsiku lina, lopatsa mpumulo. Osadandaula musanagwire njirayi, imathandizanso kuti mulibe zolakwika pamayeso. Kuti muwone momwe glucose amalowerera m'thupi, mutha kupendanso maola awiri mutatha kudya. Pankhaniyi, shuga mu magazi a munthu wathanzi ndi 7.8 mmol pa lita. Kuti mupewe chithandizo chabwino cha matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kupenda ma hemoglobin a glycated, omwe angakuuzeni zokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi lanu kwa miyezi itatu.

Gluu m'magazi a anthu

Chimodzi mwazinthu za selo lililonse mthupi ndikutha kuyamwa glucose - chinthu ichi chimathandizira thupi ndi ziwalo zathu kamvekedwe, kukhala gwero lamphamvu zomwe zimayang'anira ma metabolic onse. Kugawa shuga kogwirizana m'magazi kumatengera ntchito ya kapamba, yomwe imatulutsa timadzi tambiri, insulin, m'magazi. Ndiye amene "amawonetsa" kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe adzatengeke ndi thupi la munthu. Mothandizidwa ndi insulini, maselo amatulutsa shuga, amasinthasintha kuchuluka kwake ndikuwalandira mphamvu.

Mtundu wa chakudya, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro zimatha kusokoneza magazi. Mwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa, chachikulu ndicho chitukuko cha matenda a shuga - izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupundika kwa kapamba.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayezedwa mamililita 1 pa lita imodzi (mmol / l).

Kuwerengera magazi kuwonetsa glucose m'thupi

Muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesa shuga ingafunike. Tiyeni tisunge njira zomwe zimaperekedwa nthawi zambiri.

Kuthamanga magazi , ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mu kafukufuku wama glucose m'thupi. Dokotala amachenjeza wodwalayo pasadakhale kuti palibe chakudya chomwe chiyenera kudyedwa kwa maola 8-12 njira isanachitike, ndipo madzi okha ndi omwe amatha kumwa. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula koteroko nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa m'mawa. Komanso, musanalembedwe magazi, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti musakhale ndi nkhawa.

Kusanthula shuga “ndi katundu” zimaphatikizapo awiri magazi nthawi imodzi. Popeza mudapereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, muyenera kudikirira maola 1.5-2, kenako ndikuchita kachiwiri, mutatenga pafupifupi 100 g (kutengera kulemera kwa thupi) la glucose pamapiritsi kapena mawonekedwe. Zotsatira zake, adotolo azitha kunena za kukhalapo kapena kudziwitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga, kusokonekera kwa kulolera kwa shuga kapena shuga wamagazi wamba.

Kuti mupeze zambiri zokhudzana ndi shuga m'magazi atatu omaliza, sankhani glycated hemoglobin . Njirayi sikukutanthauza kuletsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zakudya, momwe munthu akumvera kapena zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira zake ndi zodalirika. Pofufuza, magazi a capillary amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, zinthuzo zimatengedwa kuchokera ku chala. Kusanthula kwamtunduwu kumapangidwira kuzindikira tsogolo la matenda osokoneza bongo kapena kuwongolera matenda omwe apezeka kale.

Kuyeza kwa Fructosamine m'magazi mumachitidwanso kuti muwongolere njira ya matenda ashuga. Katunduyu amawoneka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose okhala ndi mapuloteni amwazi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake m'thupi kumakhala chisonyezo cha kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuunikaku kumatha kuwona momwe chakudya chinapangidwira mwachangu kwa milungu itatu. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, njira isanachitike simungamamwe tiyi kapena khofi - madzi wamba okha ndi omwe amaloledwa. Zida zakuwunika zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha.

Asayansi ochokera ku Spain adayeseza mosangalatsa momwe ntchito yamaganizidweyi imayesedwa atatha kumwa khofi wopanda komanso shuga, komanso pambuyo pobayira jakisoni wina. Zinapezeka kuti kuphatikiza khofi ndi shuga wokha ndi komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kuthamanga kwa ubongo wathu.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Kuwunika kwa peptide . M'malo mwake, kapamba woyamba amapanga proinsulin, yomwe, ikadzikundikira m'misempha yosiyanasiyana, ngati pakufunika, imagawanika mu insulin yodziwika bwino komanso yotchedwa C-peptide. Popeza zinthu zonsezi zimatulutsidwa m'magazi chimodzimodzi, kukhazikika kwa C-peptide m'maselo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuweruza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zowona, pali zochenjera pang'ono - kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi C-peptide ndi chimodzimodzi, koma moyo wam'magawo wazinthu izi ndi wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wawo wabwinobwino mthupi ndi 5: 1. Zotsatira zoyeserera zamagazi zakufufuza zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mlingo wa Glucose ndi Makhalidwe Ogwirizana Nawo: Kuika Magazi Pang'onopang'ono

Kuti mumasulire molondola zotsatira za kusanthula shuga, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zabwinobwino.

Chifukwa kusala kudya mulingo woyenera mulinso 3,9-5-5 mmol / l mwa akulu, 2.78-55 mmol / l mwa ana ndi 4-5.2 mmol / l mwa amayi apakati.

Zotsatira glycated hemoglobin ikuyimira kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi kumasula hemoglobin m'magazi. Chizindikiro chokhazikika kwa achikulire ndi kuyambira 4% mpaka 6%. Kwa ana, mtengo wokwanira ndi 5-5,5%, ndipo kwa amayi oyembekezera, kuyambira 4.5% mpaka 6%.

Ngati timakambirana mayeso a fructosamine , mwa amuna ndi akazi achikulire, chizindikiro cha matenda a m'mimba ndichochulukirapo cha 2.8 mmol / l, mwa ana malire awa ndi ochepa pang'onopang'ono - 2.7 mmol / l. Kwa amayi apakati, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimawonjezereka molingana ndi nthawi ya bere.

Akuluakulu mulingo wabwinobwino wa C-peptide m'magazi ndi 0.5-2.0 mcg / l.

Zolinga zokulitsira ndi kutsika kwa shuga

Shuga wa chakudya amakhudza shuga wamagazi. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa chidwi zitha kukhala mkhalidwe wanu wamaganizidwe - kupsinjika kapena malingaliro achiwawa kwambiri - zimachulukitsa kwambiri zomwe zili ndi shuga. Ndipo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ntchito zapakhomo, komanso kukwera miyendo kumathandizira kuti muchepetse.

Komabe, zomwe zimakhala mumagazi zitha kusinthanso mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, matenda am'mimba, kapamba ndi chiwindi, komanso kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, ndizomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri.

Kodi misempha ya shuga imatha kukhala yofanana?

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi ndi matenda a shuga. Pofuna kupewa zovuta za shuga wambiri, odwala amayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo, kuisunga m'njira yofananira.

Pazosemphana zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndikumwa mankhwala apadera. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe ndizogwiritsa ntchito shuga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi thanzi labwino - kuphatikizapo zothandiza pakulakwitsa kwa shuga komanso kupewa matenda ashuga.

Mpaka pano, matenda ashuga si matenda akupha. Komabe, World Health Organisation idalosera zokhumudwitsa - pofika chaka cha 2030 matendawa atha kukhala m'malo achisanu ndi chiwiri pazomwe zimayambitsa kufa.

Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimathandizira kutsika kwamwazi wamagazi. Mwachitsanzo, amalimbikitsa kukonza chakudya chawo kuti chikhale ndi zipatso ndi masamba a mabulosi abulu, nkhaka, buckwheat, kabichi ndi ena.

Kuti muwonjezere shuga mthupi, muyenera kudya shuga, uchi, zophika, oatmeal, mavwende, mavwende, mbatata ndi zakudya zina zamkaka komanso shuga.

Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri osati kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso kwa iwo omwe amangosamala zaumoyo wawo. Kuletsa kukula kwa matendawa ndikosavuta kuposa kukhala ndi shuga m'thupi ngakhale zizindikilo zoyamba za matenda zimawoneka. Chifukwa chake, mutazindikira msanga za matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa glucose, ndizosavuta kupewa zotsatira zoyipa.

Zomwe zimakhudza shuga?

Takulandilani ku phunziroli loyamba mu maphunziro a shuga a mini.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe kusintha mthupi kumabwera ndi shuga. Ili ndi mutu wofunikira kwambiri ndipo tidzayesa kufotokoza. Ngati, mutawerenga gawo ili, mukadali ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi nkhaniyi, tikulimbikitsani kuti muziphunzira nokha payokha mwatsatanetsatane powerenga mabuku pamutuwu kapena kufunsa dokotala mafunso anu.

Kodi manambala abwinobwino a shuga ndi ati?

Ili ndi funso lovuta kuposa momwe limawonekera poyamba. Mwa anthu athanzi, magazi a glucose ali mgulu la 4,4-6.4 mmol pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, machitidwe omwe amayenera kuwongolera shuga awo sagwira ntchito, ndipo izi zikuyamba kukhala vuto lalikulu. Ngati thupi lanu silipanga insulini yokwanira kapena pali kukana kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin komwe, muzochitika zoterezi sizingatheke kukhala ndi shuga.

Nanga shuga wabwinobwino kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ndi uti? Yankho lidzakhala la aliyense payekhapayekha. Cholinga chanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga anu ali pafupi ndi nthawi zonse, koma osakhala ocheperapo! Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira yawoyawo, popeza anthu achikulire amatha kukhala ndi matenda ena kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, pomwe achinyamata alibe, izi zimakhudza njira zamankhwala.

Muyenera kudziwa hemoglobin yanu ya glycated (A1c).

Ngati mukudziwa anu Ma A1 mutha kuthokoza kuwerenga kwa shuga pakati pa miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Umu ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.
Mashuga ena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi maselo ofiira am'magazi, ndipo nthawi yokhala m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi miyezi itatu, kotero kuti titha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi maselo amwazi ndikupeza shuga wambiri m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.

Norm A1c kwa anthu omwe alibe shuga ndi 5.7%.Ndi manambala ati omwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyeserera? Mukamayandikira gawo labwinobwino, mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zazitali. Kumbali ina, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti achepetse shuga kuti akhale ambiri amawopseza kwambiri a hypoglycemia, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Pafupifupi, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti azisunga shuga wawo pa 6.5-7%, Njira zomwe munthu aliyense payekha ayenera kukhala nazo makamaka kwa achikulire ndi ana.

Ngati anthu a A1c ali otsika kuposa 6.5% ndipo pali zovuta za maso, impso, mitsempha, panthawi iyi yopanga mankhwala zimaganiziridwa kuti kupezeka kwa zovuta izi ndikudziwikiratu chibadwa ndipo sikugwirizana ndi shuga.

Kodi ndi zifukwa zazikulu ziti zomwe zimakhudza shuga wamagazi (glycemia)?

Zakudya zomanga thupi mthupi zimagwera mu glucose, womwe umalowa m'magazi. Musamaganize mosaganizira kuti ngati mutadya popanda shuga, simupeza chakudya, zimakhala muzinthu zambiri zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi zilinso ndi fiber. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati mumadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri (zoposa magalamu 5), izi zimabweretsa kutsika pang'onopang'ono kumasulidwa kwa glucose m'magazi ndipo zimatha kutsitsa shuga pambuyo pakudya. Lankhulani ndi katswiri wazakudya zanu za zakudya za zakudya zokhala ndi fiber.

Mapuloteni samakhudza kwambiri shuga. Pokhapokha thupi lanu likamafuna glucose limatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni pazolinga izi. Kwa iwo omwe amadya zakudya zama carb ochepa, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni kupatsa thupi shuga. Ngati thupi lanu silikufunikira shuga, mapuloteni amasungidwa m'thupi mwanu monga glycogen (gwero la glucose) mpaka mutafunikira. Ndife Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mufufuze shuga wanu musanayambe komanso mutatha kudya mapuloteni ambiri ndikuwona momwe amakhudzira shuga wanu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso amafunika kuti azilankhula ndi othandizira azaumoyo za kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe angaphatikizidwe muzakudya zawo.

Mafuta alibe mphamvu iliyonse mwachindunji. M'malo mwake, amatha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi insulin kukana (mtundu 2 wa shuga). Popeza mafuta amachepetsa chimbudzi, potero amapereka thupi lanu nthawi yochulukirapo yopanga shuga ndi insulin kapena mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin. Komabe, ngati muphatikiza mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, kuchepa uku kungayambitse mavuto akulu. Mafuta amachepetsa chimbudzi cha chakudya, ndipo izi zichititsa kuti mankhwalawo amalize kugwira ntchito yawo asanapakidwe mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwamphamvu m'magazi pambuyo podya komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga maola ochepa mutatha kudya.

Mafuta amakhudza masamba pakukonda. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa thupi, muyenera kusankha zakudya zochepa zamafuta.

Muyenera kuphunzira kuthana ndi kupsinjika. Mukapanikizika, thupi lanu limapanga mahomoni omwe amakhudza kukonzanso kwa shuga m'magazi.Mukapanikizika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, glucose yowonjezereka imatulutsidwa m'magazi anu kuchokera kuzosungidwa mthupi lanu, zomwe zimakupatsani mphamvu zowonjezera kuthana ndi kupsinjika kapena zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zitha kukhala kutulutsidwa kwakanthawi kochepa (mwachitsanzo, pakagwa ngozi yagalimoto) kapena kuperewera, pakumva ululu womwe ulipo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kukhumudwa, kapena mtundu wina wanyumba chifukwa chazandalama.

Zovuta pakuwongolera matenda a shuga zimatha kubweretsa nkhawa, ndipo pakufunika khama kuti muthane ndi glycemia. Kupsinjika kungakhalenso chifukwa choopa chitetezo chawo komanso thanzi lawo pakapita nthawi.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, shuga wamagazi amatha kuchuluka, ndipo mosemphanitsa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, angayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati nthawi yayitali thupi lanu limatha kukula, izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi lanu limapanikizika. Ngati kuyenda kwachizolowezi sikunayendetsedwe ndi kupweteka kapena kufupika, ndipo shuga atachuluka, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro chamatenda a mtima.

Zolimbitsa thupi zachilengedwe za thupi lanu zimatha kukupangitsani kuti musagonje ndi insulin komanso kuwonjezera shuga. Mwina mwazindikira kuti shuga yanu imadzuka m'mawa mukadzuka, ndipo masana, mukakonzekera kugona, shuga ndi ochepa.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mopepuka.

Mukamasuntha, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndikamayenda kwambiri, shuga wambiri amamwa. Phunziro lidachitika pakati pa gulu la anthu shuga wamagazi pambuyo 14 min. zolimbitsa thupi (kuvina, kuyenda) pafupifupi kutsika ndi 20%. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi, zopepuka komanso zowonjezereka, zimachepetsa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti shuga samatsika mwabwinobwino.