Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin: Zizindikiro za chizungulire

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin (omwe amatchedwanso mtundu wa 2 shuga) ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuphwanya izi kuyenera kufunidwa pakupanga kosakwanira kwa insulin ya mahomoni kapena kukana kwa maselo amthupi pazotsatira zake.

Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo, kuyika kwake m'magazi kumakwera ndikuwoneka osavomerezeka, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimachitika. Kumayambiriro komwe matendawa amafalitsa, insulini ya mahomoni imatha kupangidwa mwa kuchuluka kapena ngakhale kuchuluka.

Nthawi zambiri mtundu wamtunduwu wa metabolic umatchedwa matenda a okalamba, chifukwa umapezeka mwa anthu opitirira zaka 40. Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi vuto lambiri la anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndipo ndi matenda, kunenepa kumapitilirabe.

Ngati matenda a shuga osadalira insulini apezeka, shuga amadzaza m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, thupi limayesetsa kuthamangitsa shuga kudzera mu impso, kwinaku likuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi. Wodwala adzakumana ndi zizindikiro: arrhythmia, kupindika kwa minofu, pakamwa lowuma.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathological ndizosiyanasiyana, sikuti ndizonenepa komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Zina zomwe zikulosera matenda ashuga ndi izi:

1. cholowa
2. matenda a virus
3. kupsinjika
4. zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka
5. matenda a kapamba
6. kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chizungulire. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, kupeza njira zopewera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire

Zinthu zonse zimatha kuyambitsa chizungulire mu shuga yodalira insulin. Chifukwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuwerengera molakwika wa insulin, popanda omwe odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kuchita ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda.

Chizungulire imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi hypoglycemia, pomwe pali kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri.

Chifukwa chake mutu womwewo ukupakika mu odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, chizungulire chimakhala chosasangalatsa pamankhwala.

Kufooka kwathunthu, chizungulire chizungulire kumadzetsa kusowa kwa shuga, chifukwa pokhapokha ngati pali shuga wambiri:

1. ubongo umagwira ntchito bwino:
2. ziwalo ndi machitidwe zimayenda bwino.

Zizindikiro monga chizungulire zimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhythmias, zochitika zopsinjika, kupweteka kwa mtima, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Zonsezi zitha kumuuza dokotalayo za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba mwa wodwala.

Ndi kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apeze kuchuluka kwa insulini, hyperglycemia imayamba, mwa kuyankhula kwina, uku ndiko kukhazikika kwa chitetezo chathupi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosatheka.

Ndi hyperglycemia, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka mankhwala a anaerobic sikusiyidwa. Kupereka kwa glycogen kumatha pang'onopang'ono, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kusintha, kufooka ndi chizungulire kumakula. Vutoli limakhala lodzaza ndi minofu kukokana, ululu, zoyambitsa ziyenera kufunidwa pakuwunjikana kwa lactic acid.

Ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga amvetsetse bwino mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chizungulire, amadziwa njira zothanirana ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, ndipo amatha kuthetsa zizindikiritso zoyambirira za kuchepa kwa shuga. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala, kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa kuphwanya, kuphunzira momwe mungapangire kusowa kwa glucose m'magazi. Ngati mukumva chizungulire, kungakhale kofunikira kuti mupeze jakisoni wa glucagon mwachangu.

Vuto linanso la hyperglycemia ndi ketoacidosis, vuto limachitika nthawi zambiri ndi vuto losakwanira la shuga. Ndi wopanda shuga, thupi la munthu:

• amaphwanya nkhokwe mafuta
• yogwira matupi a ketone.

Kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa acidity ya magazi, zizindikiritso: kufooka, nseru, vuto la ludzu, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kusawona bwino. Palinso fungo labwino la acetone lochokera mkamwa mu shuga.

Kupatula ketoacidosis, pamafunika jekeseni pafupipafupi, kubwezeretsanso madzi. Mwambiri milandu, matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin samayambitsa chizungulire, amathanso kuyenda ndi kufooka, makutu onyentchera, kuthima mumaso. Zizindikirozi zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi vuto lomwe likukula, kukhala chiyambi cha matenda a shuga.

Ngati mukukayikira ketoacidosis, muyenera kuyitanitsa gulu la ambulansi, kudzipereka nokha muzochitika zotere kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndikufa.

Zoyenera kuchitira chizungulire

Pamene chizungulire ndi kufooka mwa odwala matenda ashuga chifukwa cha kutsika msanga kwa mashuga, ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu kuti mukhale ndi thanzi laumunthu. Choyamba muyenera kudya zakudya zotsekemera kapena kumwa tiyi ndi shuga, kuthira mafuta ozizira pamphumi ya matenda ashuga, pukutani nsalu ya thonje pothira viniga. Zitatha izi, wodwalayo amagona pansi kapena patsinde pa bedi.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga angafunike kumwa mankhwala apadera kuti athetse vuto, athetse kufooka: Motilium, Cinnarizine. Pakusamalidwa kwamankhwala mosayembekezereka, wodwalayo atha kudwala mwadzidzidzi ndi kugwa, komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti atuluke.

Pakakhala kuphwanyika mwadzidzidzi, ambulansi imatchedwa mwachangu, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kugonekedwa. Zosintha pamlingo wa glycemia, chizungulire chitha kupewedwa chifukwa chotsatira kwambiri zakudya.

1. ndizoletsedwa kumwa mowa, khofi wamphamvu wamphamvu, tiyi wakuda,
2. ndikofunika kusiya chizolowezi chosuta fodya.

Amawonetsedwa kuti azidya zakudya pafupipafupi, osachulukitsa, sankhani zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira.

Masewera ndiofunikira, koma amayang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist.

Zochizira komanso kupewa

Ndi matenda a shuga komanso chizungulire osagwira insulin, odwala ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kutsatira zakudya zinazake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Tisaiwale za kukhala ndi madzi osasinthasintha, izi zikuthandizira kuthetsa kusowa kwamadzi.

Pokonza ma asidi achilengedwe mthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kumachita mbali yofunika.

Popeza kupanga bicarbonate m'thupi la munthu nthawi zonse kumabwera koyamba, pomwe imasungidwa m'mayendedwe a shuga kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa madzi, chitetezo cha insulini chimalepheretseka kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, mahomoni amakhala osakwanira, shuga ya magazi imakwera.

Madzi amathandizira kulowa kolowera kwa glucose m'maselo, minyewa yonse ya thupi. Chifukwa chake, kupewa mavuto a glycemia ndi chizungulire, osati kokha insulin, komanso kuchuluka kokwanira kwamadzi ndikofunikira.

Maselo amapangidwa ndimadzi, gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bicarbonate panthawi yazakudya, ndipo gawo linalo ndilofunikira kuti madzi abwinidwe.Chifukwa chake zidayamba:

• kusowa kwa insulini
• kusakwanira kwa mahomoni ndi thupi.

Kuti mukhale ndi madzi oyenera, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse malamulo osavuta. M'mawa uliwonse, 400 ml ya madzi oyeretsedwa opanda gasi amayenera kudya pamimba yopanda kanthu, monga amachitira asanadye chilichonse. Amafunika kusiya mowa, tiyi wamphamvu, khofi, zakumwa zoterezi zimakhudza thupi la odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri. Ndi madzi oyera omwe amawonetsedwa moyenera m'thupi, amalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ambiri owopsa, zikhalidwe, kufooka komanso chizungulire pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za matenda omwe amadalira shuga omwe amadalira insulin azifotokozeredwa ndi akatswiri mu vidiyoyi.

Type 2 shuga

Type 2 matenda a shuga a mellitus, omwe amatchedwanso osagwirizana ndi insulin, ndimatenda a endocrine omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minyewa yamthupi kupita ku ma pancreatic hormone - insulin.

• Kufotokozera Kwambiri
• Ndani akukumana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2?
• Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 amayamba bwanji?
• Zizindikiro
• Zizindikiro
• Njira zopewera

Zotsatira za matenda amtunduwu, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kumachitika ndi kuwonjezeka kwazosavuta kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kufotokozera Kwambiri

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, kudwala kwa insulin kumadziwika. Maselo a pancreatic nthawi imodzi amapanga insulin yokwanira (nthawi zina ngakhale kuchuluka kokwanira).

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zimalumikizana ndi khungu ndikuthandizira shuga kuchokera m'magazi kuti alowe mu cell ndi zoletsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa pamaselo a maselo. Kusowa kwa glucose ndi chizindikiridwe chopanga insulin yayikulu, koma izi sizikuthandiza, ndipo pakapita nthawi, kupanga insulini kumachepa kwambiri.

Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zina.

Ndani akukumana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2?

Ndi matenda wamba. Padziko lapansi pali anthu pafupifupi 210 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga (mitundu 1 ndi 2), ndipo 90% mwa iwo amapezeka kuti ndi osadalira insulini. Lingaliro loti matenda ashuga achiwiri amangokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri silolondola. Pano, zaka ndi moyo wa wodwala zomwe zingachitike zimathandizanso.

Anthu azaka zopitilira 40 komanso onenepa kwambiri, komanso omwe samasamala zaumoyo wawo, amakonda kwambiri matendawa.

Monga lamulo, azimayi amatha kuvutika kwambiri ndi thupi chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi, chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga amakhudza kwambiri theka la anthu.

Chifukwa chiyani mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba?

Ikhoza kutengeka komanso kutengera majini. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osadzimira odwala, ngati banja lili ndi matenda ashuga, limachuluka ndi 40%.

Monga mukudziwa kale, kunenepa kwambiri kumathandizanso ku matendawa. Zimatengera moyo wokhalitsa komanso zakudya zosayenera (zomwe zimayenera kukhala za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga - zalembedwa munkhani ina), pomwe chakudya chimadalira.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Gulu loopsalo limaphatikizapo makanda omwe kulemera kwawo kwabala kupitilira 4.5 kg. Mwa ana ndi akulu, poyambira zimakhala kuti sizikuwonekanso zochita za insulin, chifukwa kagayidwe kamatupa. Ndipo glucose, pakadali pano, akupitilizabe kulowa mthupi limodzi ndi chakudya, ndipo palibe amene angathane ndi kuchuluka kwake. Amasandulika kukhala glycogen, ndiye kuti chinthuchi chimayamba kuyamwa maselo ndi minofu ya chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika.

Vutoli limachitikanso ngati chidwi cha glucose m'maselo a pancreatic chikhala chitaipa.Pankhaniyi, ma cell a B samatulutsa insulin yokwanira, chifukwa chake, kachiwiri, shuga amachoka pamlingo, ndipo hyperglycemia imayamba.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ndiabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake sizotheka kuzindikira kukhalapo kwake. Komabe, Zizindikiro zimawonekera patapita nthawi yayitali. Zimachitika kuti munthu amakhala zaka zingapo osakayikira kuti ali ndi matenda a endocrine system.

Poyamba, kufooka pang'ono kwa minofu kumawonekera. Wodwala amatha kutopa msanga, machitidwe ake amachepa. Kenako odwala matenda ashuga amawona pakamwa pokhapokha pouma, akufuna kumwa. Pamenepa, kuchuluka kwa maulendo akuchimbudzi kukuwonjezereka.

Pakapita kanthawi, munthuyo azindikire kuti chilonda cha mkono chimachiritsa nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse. Kuti kuwuma ndi kuwuma kwa khungu kudawonekera, kusapeza kwapadera kumamveka m'deralo. Komanso, oyimira amuna ndi akazi onse. Mwa amayi, matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi thrush, omwe amafunikanso kuthandizidwa.

Zizindikiro

Kuti adziwe matenda, anamnesis amatengedwa, pambuyo pake wodwala amatumizidwa ku labotale komwe amapereka magazi kuti awunikidwe. Nthawi yoyamba - pamimba yopanda kanthu, chachiwiri - maola angapo mutatha kudya kapena 75 g yankho la shuga. Zotsatira zidzakhala pamwamba pa 6 mmol / L ndi 11 mmol / L, motsatana.

Chithandizo sichimalamula mwachangu. Choyamba, endocrinologist amalimbikitsa kuti wodwalayo azichita nawo masewera osiyanasiyana (kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga, kukwera maulendo, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kulumpha chingwe, ndi zina zambiri).

Komanso panthawiyi, zakudya (mwachitsanzo, carb wotsika) ndizofunikira. Zonsezi zithandiza kuthana ndi vuto la matenda ashuga - kunenepa kwambiri. Mwa njira, munthu akasuntha kwambiri, thupi limatha shuga.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga anayamba mankhwala piritsi 9. Zomwe zimapezekanso ndizophatikiza zambiri, zakudya zochepa zamafuta ndi zakudya zamafuta.

Mndandanda wololedwa ukuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mkaka, tchizi, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, kirimu wowawasa pang'ono,
• Tiyi, zodzikongoletsera, zipatso zamasamba ndi masamba,
• Batala, ghee, mafuta a masamba,
• Rye, protein-chinangwa ndi mkate wa tirigu,
• Supu / borscht pa nyama yopendekera, nsomba, bowa, msuzi wamasamba,
• Nyama yotsika
• Zipatso zatsopano ndi masamba
• Wokondedwa wina
• Ma cookie, jellies ndi mousses.

Popeza mwaphunzira mndandanda wonse wa tebulo ili mwatsatanetsatane, mutha kudzipangira nokha pawokha menyu. Mwa njira, ndikofunikira kumadya zakudya 6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ngati zoyesa zonse zochepetsa thupi sizinaphule kanthu, dokotala amasankha mankhwalawo.

Njira zopewera

Matenda a shuga a Type 2, monga matenda ena onse, ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza pambuyo pake. Koma njira zodzitetezerazi zimakhalanso zochizira nthawi yomweyo.

Nayi malingaliro ena, mukuganizira momwe kupewa ndi kuchizira matendawa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri:

• Pewani kunenepa kwambiri, kuyang'anira kuwonda,
• Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika (zolimbitsa thupi), yendani kwambiri mu mpweya wabwino,
• Idyani zakudya zabwino (Zakudya zama carb ochepa) ndipo osafa ndi njala,
• Onani shuga wanu wamagazi pafupipafupi.
• Imwani mankhwala monga adalangizidwa ndi dokotala. Nthawi zambiri ndi Siofor ndi Glukofazh.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyemba zakudya zamagulu amishuga

Matenda a shuga a shuga amadziwika ndi kukanika kwa pancreatic potengera kupanga kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha momwe matendawa alili, odwala amakakamizidwa kutsatira malamulo okhwima pazosankha zakudya. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kusiyiratu shuga wachilengedwe, mafuta amkaka, ndi confectionery. Koma ngati zonse zikuwonekera ndi maswiti, ndiye ndi zinthu zina, mwachitsanzo, monga chimanga kapena nyemba, sizophweka. Ayenera kumvetsetsa.

Kuchokera munkhaniyi muphunzira ngati zingatheke kudya nyemba zokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Izi zimakhala ndi katundu wapadera, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira kwa anthu onse athanzi komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la endocrine.

Nyemba ndi masamba osatha a banja lankhondo. Chifukwa cha kuphatika kwakudya kwake komanso momwe zimapezekera ndi zinthu zina zofunikira, ndizofunikira kwambiri menyu ndi shuga wambiri. Zomwe mapuloteni opezeka pamalonda awa amafanana ndi nyama. Mitundu yonse ya nyemba imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa nyembazo, muthanso kudya mapiko awo, omwe amadzaza magazi m'malo mwa insulin panthawi ya chimbudzi. Ubwino wazipatso za mbewu iyi ndikuti umatengedwa mwachangu ndi thupi, osapereka chofunikira pa kapamba. Komanso ma amino acid ndi ma enzyme omwe amapanga chinthucho amathandizira kuti ayeretsedwe.

• ascorbic, pantothenic, folic, nikotini acid,
• carotene
• thiamine
• mavitamini E, C, B,
• riboflavin
• pyridoxine
• niacin
• kukhuthala
• fructose
• CHIKWANGWANI
• ayodini
• mkuwa
• zinc
• arginine
• globulin
• mapuloteni
• tryptophan,
• lysine
• histidine.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu iyi imakhudza thupi lathunthu, imalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa thupi, komanso imalepheretsa mafuta kuyika m'chiwindi.

Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwapadera, chinthucho chimavomerezedwa ndi madokotala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi boma la prediabetes. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyemba, yomwe ili ndi phindu lake:

• zoyera (antibacterial)
• ofiira (amawongolera shuga)
• chakuda (chimayendetsa chitetezo cha mthupi),
• nyere (zimalepheretsa poizoni ndi poizoni),
• katsabola wotsekemera (amakhuta mphamvu).

Nyemba za shuga ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizitenga nyemba zosankhira ndi zipatso. Zipatso za mitundu ina ndizopeka, ndizovuta kwambiri kukonzekera, zimakhala ndi ulusi wolimba.

100 magalamu a nyemba ali:

• mapuloteni - 22
• chakudya - 54,5
• mafuta - 1.7
• zopatsa mphamvu - 320

Zakudya zili ndi chitsimikiziro china chofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga - mikate ya mkate (XE). 1 XE = 10 g yamafuta, ndiko kuti, phindu la zakudya ndi 5.5 XE. Palibe chifukwa chokwanira kuwerengera magawo awa; palinso magome momwe zonsezi.

Phindu ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga

Ndi misere yokwezeka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti zakudya zomwe zimachitika mthupi nthawi zonse zimagawika m'magazi. Nyemba zimatipatsa chakudya pang'onopang'ono, komanso mapuloteni azomera. Katunduyu ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso kukhala wonenepa kwambiri.

Zosiyanasiyana nyemba zoyera za odwala matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimathandiza pamitsempha yamagazi. Amawonjezeranso mphamvu pakubwezeretsa khungu ndipo amathandizanso pakuyendetsa matenda. Nyemba zakuda zimalepheretsa maselo owopsa pazidziwitso zamtundu zomwe zili mu DNA, zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda motsutsana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Mitundu yofiira imasintha kagayidwe, imakhudza gawo logaya chakudya, limbitsani thupi.

Nyemba zobiriwira ndizofunikira kwambiri pa tebulo la anthu odwala matenda ashuga chifukwa chitha kuchepetsa shuga, kutsuka zikondamoyo kuchokera ku slag zosungika, ndikuchotsa poizoni. Zofunda za nyemba ndizothandiza monga maziko a infusions ndi decoctions, zimathandizira kukhala ndi insulin yofunika.

Zina zofunikira zogulitsa:

• imabwezeretsa masomphenya
• chepetsa kutupa
• chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa amino acid ndi zinthu zina, zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi,
• imalepheretsa chitukuko cha matenda a mano,
• zopindulitsa pa magwiridwe antchito a musculoskeletal system,
• amachepetsa cholesterol
• kumalemeretsa ndi CHIKWANGWANI,
• yodziwika ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.

Nyemba pakokha siivulaza thupi, koma ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusakonzedwa bwino, imatha kuyambitsa zizovuta. Nawa maupangiri othandiza pa izi:

• Nyemba siziyenera kudyedwa yaiwisi, yadzala ndi poyizoni, yoyenda limodzi ndi kupweteka, mseru, chopondapo,
• mukaphika, malonda amathandizira kukulira maloboti, kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kulowetsa mbewu m'madzi ozizira ndi koloko yowonjezera musanaphike,
• Iwo ali osavomerezeka kudya nyemba pa kuchuluka kwa matenda a m'mimba thirakiti - gastritis, cholecystitis, zilonda zam'mimba.

Ndikofunika kudya nyemba ndi shuga mpaka katatu sabata. Itha kudyedwa ngati mbale imodzi, kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito monga mbale yam'mbali kapena m'malo mwa nyama.

Nyemba zimakhala ndi katundu wofunikira kwambiri pa glucose wambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya, zomwe nyemba izi zimathandizira kusiyanitsa. Mphesa ndi nyemba zosankhika zimatha kukonzedwa m'njira iliyonse.

Hot appetizer

• 1000 g nyemba za katsitsumzukwa
• mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.,
• mazira - 4 ma PC.

Sendani katsitsumzukwa, nadzatsuka, kuphika pafupifupi theka la ola mpaka madzi atachoka. Ndipo onjezerani mafuta amasamba ndikuphika mphindi 20. Posachedwa musanakonzekere, thirani mazira omenyedwa mumtsinje woonda.

• 300 g nyemba
• 400 g bere la nkhuku
• 4 mbatata
• 4 kaloti
• 400 g broccoli
• anyezi wobiriwira, katsabola.

Zilowerere nyemba zofiira usiku umodzi, muzitsuka bwino m'mawa, kuphika kwa maola 1.5.

Onjezani nkhuku yoyera, ma cubes a mbatata, kaloti, broccoli. Nyengo ndi zitsamba zatsopano musanaphike.

• Mitundu itatu ya nyemba, 150 g iliyonse
• 3 mazira
• 70 ga mpunga
• anyezi wobiriwira, katsabola,
• kaloti - 3 ma PC.,
• mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.

Sakanizani zobiriwira zobiriwira, zofiira ndi zoyera ndi mazira, mpunga wophika, zitsamba, kaloti. Nyengo ndi mafuta a azitona.

Ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga, pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amathandiza kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso amaletsa kuyambika kwa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa komanso kukula kwa zovuta.

50 magalamu a nyemba zosemedwa, zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha, amalimbikira kwa maola 8, osasankhidwa, logawidwa magawo 6 ofanana ndipo amadyedwa limodzi ndi chakudya. Simungasunge msuzi, muyenera kuphika gawo latsopano tsiku lililonse. Njira ya mankhwala kumatenga masiku 21.

Nyemba - chinthu chapadera kuphatikiza katundu, maubwino ndi zopweteketsa zake zomwe sizingafanane. Zotsatira zoyipa zitha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati mumadya zosaphika kapena pachimake cha gastritis kapena zilonda. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka mulimonse. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti chinthu ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Cholesterol abwinobwino mwa akazi pambuyo pa 60

Posachedwa, akuti kolesterol imapweteka kwambiri kuposa thupi. M'malo mwake, gawo la mafuta mthupi, makamaka azimayi, ndilambiri. Komanso, munthu yemwe amakhala kutali ndi mankhwala amakhulupirira kuti cholesterol imapezeka m'mitundu iwiri - ndiyabwino "komanso" yoyipa ". Ndipo pakati pawo pamakhala kulimbana kosalekeza. Zowonadi, lingaliro ili ndilopeka kwambiri ndipo limasokeretsa ambiri. M'malo mwake, zonse ndizosiyana ndipo zidziwitso zonsezi sizingagawidwe molingana ndi mfundo iyi, chifukwa zimagwira ntchito zina za moyo wa thupi.

• Zotsatira za cholesterol yayikulu
• Cholesterol ya akazi pambuyo pa 60
• Gulu lamavuto
• Pansi mafuta m'thupi

Ndipo zimanyamulidwa kudzera m'magazi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma complexes kapena lipoproteins. Nawonso amaphatikiza magulu atatu.

1. LDL (lipotroteins otsika) - amaonedwa ngati osafunikira komanso owononga thupi. M'malo mwake, ntchito yawo kwa thupi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, pokhapokha chifukwa ndionyamula mafuta kuchokera kuma cell a chiwindi kupita ku ziwalo ndi minyewa yonse yathupi. Choyipa chokha cha chizindikiro ichi ndikutha kuyikika kukhoma lamkati la chotengera. Izi zimachitika akachulukira m'thupi. Ndi mapangidwe a cholesterol plaque, kuunikira kwa chotengera kumacheperachepera ndikutchinga kwa magazi ndikovuta.
2. HDL (lipoproteins yapamwamba) - amatchedwanso "cholesterol" wabwino, yemwe amalimbana ndi otsika osazungulira lipids. Ntchito yawo ndi yosemphana ndi ntchito ya LDL. Ndiko kuti, ntchito yake ndikutengera mafuta ochulukirapo kuchokera ku ziwalo ndi mitsempha yamagazi kupita kuchiwindi kuti atayidwe.
3. Triglycerides ndi mafuta osalowerera ndale. Thupi limawafunikira kuti azisamalira ndikuisunga kupezeka kwamafuta m'selo.

Etiology ndi pathogenesis

Makina a pathogenetic omwe amapanga chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 amatengera kuperewera kwa insulin yopanga ma cell a endocrine (β-cell of the pancreas) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zina za pathogenic (matenda a viral, nkhawa, matenda a autoimmune, ndi zina). Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umakhala ndi 10% ya matenda onse a shuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakula ubwana kapena unyamata. Mtunduwu wa shuga umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe azizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zimapita patsogolo mofulumira. Njira yayikulu yochizira ndi jakisoni wa insulin, yemwe amateteza kagayidwe ka thupi la wodwalayo. Ngati sichichiritsidwenso, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba 1 amapita patsogolo msanga ndipo zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, monga ketoacidosis ndi chikomokere matenda a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe.

Gulu

1. Mwa kuwopsa:
   1. maphunziro ofatsa
   2. kuopsa kozama
   3. koopsa

2. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kobwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya:
   1. gawo la malipiro
   2. gawo logulika
   3. kubweza gawo
3. Malinga ndi zovuta:
   1. Matenda a shuga ndi macroangiopathy
   2. Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy
   3. Matenda a shuga
   4. Matenda a shuga a ophthalmopathy, retinopathy
   5. Matenda a shuga
   6. Matenda a shuga

Pathogenesis ndi histopathology

Kuchepa kwa insulin m'thupi kumakula chifukwa chokwanira kwa maselo a β-cell a pancreatic islets a Langerhans.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, minofu yodalira insulin (chiwindi, mafuta ndi minofu) imalephera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka (hyperglycemia) - chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, kuchepa kwamafuta kumapangidwira minofu ya adipose, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi azikula kwambiri, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'misempha kumalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa amino acid m'magazi. Zigawo za catabolism zamafuta ndi mapuloteni zimasinthidwa ndi chiwindi kukhala matupi a ketone, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwalo zosadalira insulini (makamaka ubongo) kuti azisunga mphamvu moyenera motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kuchepa kwa insulin.

Glucosuria ndi njira yosinthira yochotsa glucose yayikulu m'magazi pamene gawo la glucose limaposa mtengo wa impso (pafupifupi 10 mmol / l). Glucose ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa ndere mu mkodzo kumawonjezera chimbudzi chamadzi (polyuria), chomwe chitha kupangitsa kuti madzi atheretu ngati madzi atasungidwa ndi madzi okwanira okwanira (polydipsia). Pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madzi mkodzo, mchere wamchere umatayikidwanso - kuchepa kwa masenti a sodium, potaziyamu, calcium ndi magnesium, anions a chlorine, phosphate ndi bicarbonate.

Pali magawo 6 a chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 1. 1) Kukhazikika kwa majini ku T1DM kophatikizidwa ndi dongosolo la HLA. 2) Zoyambira zotsimikizira. Kuwonongeka kwa β - maselo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga komanso kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kwa odwala, ma antibodies omwe ali pamwambawa adatsimikiziridwa kale mu gawo laling'ono, koma kutulutsidwa kwa insulin sikuvutikabe. 3) Yogwira autoimmune insulinitis. Antibody titer ndi yokwera, kuchuluka kwa β-cell kumachepetsa, insulin secretion imachepa. 4) Kutulutsa mphamvu kwa shuga.Panthawi yovuta, wodwalayo amatha kudziwa kulolera kwaposachedwa kwa NTG (kulolerana kwa glucose) ndi NGPN (kuphwanya shuga wa m'magazi). 5) Matenda a shuga, kuphatikizira ndi gawo la “ukwati”. Katemera wa insulini amachepetsedwa kwambiri, monga 90% ya β-cell anafa. 6) Kuwonongeratu kwathunthu kwama cell a β, kufafaniza kwathunthu kwa insulini.

• hyperglycemia. Zizindikiro chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: polyuria, polydipsia, kuchepa thupi ndi chidwi chochepetsa, pakamwa pofooka, kufooka
• microangiopathies (diabetesic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy),
• macroangiopathies (atherosulinosis of the coronary artery, aorta, GM shipping, m'munsi malesi), matenda ashuga phokoso
• concomitant matenda (furunculosis, colpitis, vaginitis, kwamikodzo thirakiti matenda)

Shuga wowerengeka - wobwezeredwa ndi chakudya, palibe zovuta (zokhazokha ndi shuga 2) shuga wofatsa - wolipiridwa ndi PSSP kapena insulin, zovuta za shuga za 1-2 zovuta. Matenda akulu a shuga ndi njira yotopetsa, yovuta yamavuto 3 ya kukhumudwa (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy).

Mavuto

• Ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar chikomokere
• Hypoglycemic coma (vuto la bongo la insulin)
• Matenda ashuga micro- ndi macroangiopathy - kuphwanya mtima kupezeka, kuchuluka kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa thrombosis, kukula kwa mtima atherosclerosis,

• Dongosolo la matenda ashuga polyneuropathy - zotumphukira mitsempha polyneuritis, kupweteka pamodzi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitsempha, paresis ndi ziwalo,

• Matenda a shuga - matenda ophatikizika, "kupindika", kuchepa kwa madzi, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi okhathamiritsa ndi kukweza mamasukidwe ake,

• Dongosolo la matenda ashuga ophthalmopathy - kukulira koyambirira kwa matenda amtundu wa khungu (mawonekedwe a mandala), retinopathy (zotupa zam'mimba),

• Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mawonekedwe a mapuloteni ndi magazi mumkodzo, komanso ovuta kwambiri ndi glomerulonephritis ndi kulephera kwa aimpso.

• Matenda ashuga encephalopathy - kusintha mu psyche ndi maganizo, kutengeka mtima kapena kukhumudwa, Zizindikiro za chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo:

• Kutha kwa matenda onse am'matenda a shuga
• Kukwaniritsa kagayidwe koyenera ka nthawi.
• Kupewa kwambiri komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga
• Kuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri kwa odwala.

Kuti mukwaniritse izi:

• chakudya
• dosed zolimbitsa thupi (DIF)
• kuphunzitsa odwala kudziletsa komanso njira zosavuta zochiritsira (kuyang'anira matenda awo)
• kudziletsa kosalekeza

Mankhwala a insulin amachokera pa kuyerekezera kwazinthu zolimbitsa thupi za insulin, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• basal secretion (BS) ya insulin
• zolimbikitsa (chakudya) insulin katulutsidwe

Secaltion ya basal imapereka mulingo woyenera wa glycemia munthawi ya kugaya chakudya komanso kugona, imalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga komwe kumalowa m'thupi kunja kwa chakudya (gluconeogenesis, glycolysis). Kuthamanga kwake ndi magawo a 0,5-1 / ora kapena magawo a 0,16-0.2-0.45 pa kg yolemetsa weniweni, ndiye kuti, magawo 12-24 patsiku. Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kufa ndi njala, BS imachepetsa mpaka 0,5 maora / ola. Katulutsidwe wa kukondoweza - chakudya insulin chikufanana mlingo wa postprandial glycemia. Mlingo wa SS umatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amadya. Pafupifupi magawo 1-1,5 amapangidwa pachinthu chimodzi cha mkate (XE). insulin Katemera wa insulini amatengera kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. M'mawa kwambiri (maola 4-5) ndiye okwera kwambiri. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya tsiku, 1 XE imasungidwa:

• kadzutsa - 1.5-2.5 mayunitsi. insulin
• pa nkhomaliro, mayunitsi 1.0-1.2. insulin
• chakudya chamadzulo, mayunitsi 1.1-1.3. insulin

1 unit ya insulin imachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndi 2.0 mmol / unit, ndipo 1 XE imawonjezera ndi 2.2 mmol / l. Mwa avareji tsiku ndi tsiku (SDS) ya insulin, mtengo wa insulini ya chakudya ndi pafupifupi 50-60% (20-30), ndipo gawo la insulin ndi 40-50% ..

Mfundo za Insulin Therapy (IT):

• pafupifupi tsiku lililonse (SDS) ya insulini iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi katulutsidwe achilengedwe
• pogawa insulin masana, 2/3 ya SDS iyenera kuyendetsedwa m'mawa, masana ndi m'mawa kwambiri ndi 1/3 kumapeto kwa usiku ndi usiku
• kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa insulin (ICD) yochepa ndi insulin. Izi zokha zimakupatsani mwayi wofanizira kubisalira kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa I.

Masana, ICD imagawidwa motere: asanadye chakudya cham'mawa - 35%, asanadye chakudya cham'mawa - 25%, asanadye chakudya - 30%, usiku - 10% ya insulin SSD. Ngati ndi kotheka, nthawi ya 5 koloko m'mawa, mayunitsi 4-6. ICD. Osayendetsa>> 14-16 magawo jekeseni imodzi. Ngati pakufunika kukhazikitsa mlingo waukulu, ndibwino kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, kuchepetsa nthawi yamagawo.

Malangizo a insulin malinga ndi mseru wa glycemia Pofuna kukonza Mlingo wothandizidwa ndi ICD, Forsch amalimbikitsa shuga aliyense wamagazi a 0.28 mmol / L wopitilira 8.25 mmol / L, gawo lina lowonjezera liperekedwe. I. Chifukwa chake, pakani "yowonjezera" 1 mmol / L ya glucose, pamagulu ena a 2-3 omwe amafunikira. Ndipo

Kukonza Mlingo wa insulin ndi glucosuria Wodwala ayenera kutero. Masana pakati pa jakisoni wa insulin, sonkhanitsani mkodzo 4: 1 pakati pa chakudya cham'mawa ndi nkhomaliro (m'mbuyomu, musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, wodwalayo ayenera kutulutsa chikhodzodzo), 2 pakati pa nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo, 2 pakati pa chakudya chamadzulo ndi maola 22, 4 kuchokera Maola 22 ndi chakudya cham'mawa chisanafike. Diuresis imakhudzidwa mukutumiza kulikonse, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsimikiziridwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose pama gramu amawerengedwa. Ngati glucosuria wapezeka, gawo limodzi limathandizira 4-5 g ya shuga. insulin Tsiku lotsatira kutola kwa mkodzo, mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa umakulitsidwa. Pambuyo poti mubwezeretse ndalama kapena kuyandikira, wodwalayo ayenera kusamutsidwa ku ICD ndi ISD.

Chithandizo cha insulin chachikhalidwe (IT). Amakulolani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa insulin mpaka nthawi 1-2 patsiku. Mu TIT, ISD ndi ICD amathandizidwa nthawi imodzi 1 kapena 2 pa tsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, ISD imakhala ndi 2/3 ya SSD, ndi ICD - 1/3 ya SSD. Ubwino:

• chidziwitso mosavuta
• kumva momveka bwino za chithandizo cha odwala, abale awo, antchito azachipatala
• kusowa kwa kayendedwe ka glycemic pafupipafupi. Ndikokwanira kuyendetsa glycemia katatu pa sabata, ndipo ngati sizingatheke kudziletsa - 1 nthawi pasabata
• chithandizo chitha kuchitidwa motsogozedwa ndi mbiri ya glucosuric

• kufunika kotsatira mokwanira zakudya potsatira mlingo wosankhidwa ndi
• kufunika kotsatira kwambiri zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, kugona, kupumula, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• chakudya chovomerezeka cha 5-6 patsiku, panthawi yovomerezeka, yomangiriridwa kumayambiriro a And
• kulephera kusunga glycemia mkati mwamasinthidwe achilengedwe
• Hyperinsulinemia yokhazikika yomwe imagwirizana ndi TIT imawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypokalemia, ochepa matenda oopsa, atherosulinosis.

• okalamba ngati sangathe kuphunzira zofunikira za IIT
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, otsika maphunziro
• odwala omwe akusowa chisamaliro
• odwala osazindikira

Kuwerengera kwa Mlingo wa insulin mu TIT 1. Dziwani za insulin ya SDS 2. Gawani insulin SDS pofika tsiku: 2/3 musanadye kadzutsa komanso 1/3 musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Mwa awa, ICD iyenera kuwerengera 30-40%, ISD - 60-70% ya SSD.

IIT (kwambiri IT) Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za IIT:

• kufunika kwa insulin ya basal imaperekedwa ndi jakisoni 2 a ISD, omwe amaperekedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo (gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi TIT). Mlingo wathunthu wa ISD si> 40-50% ya SSD, 2/3 ya mlingo wonse wa ISD umayendetsedwa musanadye kadzutsa, 1/3 - musanadye chakudya chamadzulo.
• chakudya - bolus secretion wa insulin imayesedwa mwa kuyambitsa kwa ICD. Mlingo wofunikira wa ICD amawerengedwa poganizira kuchuluka kwa XE pakudya m'mawa, chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo komanso msana wa glycemia musanadye chakudya. Ndiye kuti, wodwalayo amayenera kuwunika glycemia 7 pa tsiku.

• kutsanzira katulutsidwe achilengedwe NDI (oyambira)
• kuthekera kwa moyo womasuka komanso zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku kwa wodwala
• Wodwalayo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya "chaulere" posintha nthawi yazakudya, zogulitsa monga momwe angafunire
• moyo wapamwamba wodwala
• Kuwongolera moyenera zamatenda a metabolic kuti mupewe kukula kwa zovuta zakumbuyo
• kufunika kophunzitsa odwala za vuto la matenda ashuga, kulipira kwake, kuwerengera XE, kuthekera kosankha Mlingo Ndipo kukulira chilimbikitso, kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa chipepeso chabwino, kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

• kufunika kodziyang'anira wekha wa glycemia, mpaka 7 pa tsiku
• kufunika kophunzitsa odwala m'masukulu a odwala matenda ashuga, moyo wawo umasintha.
• ndalama zowonjezera zophunzitsira komanso njira zodziletsa
• chizolowezi cha hypoglycemia, makamaka m'miyezi yoyamba ya IIT

Mikhalidwe yofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito IIT ndi:

• luntha lokwanira la wodwala
• kutha kuphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso lomwe mwaphunzira
• kuthekera kopeza zida zodzilamulira

• ndi DM1, ndikofunikira kwa odwala onse, ndipo kwa omwe adapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, ndizovomerezeka
• pa nthawi yoyembekezera - kusamukira ku IIT kwa nthawi yonse yoyembekezera, ngati asanakhale ndi pakati, wodwalayo amapangidwira TIT
• ndi matenda ashuga, ngati vuto la chakudya ndi la DIF

Njira yoyang'anira odwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito IIT

• Kuwerengeredwa kwa calorie ya tsiku ndi tsiku
• Kuwerengedwa kwa chakudya chama tsiku ndi tsiku mu XE, mapuloteni ndi mafuta - m'magalamu. Ngakhale wodwalayo amadya chakudya “chaulere,” sayenera kudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri tsiku lililonse kuposa mlingo womwe unawerengedwa ku XE. Osavomerezeka pamtundu umodzi wa 8 XE wopitilira
• Kuwerengeredwa kwa SSD NDI

- kuwerengetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa basal NDI kumachitika mwa njira zili pamwambapa - kuwerengetsa kwa chakudya chonse (cholimbikitsidwa) Ndipo kutengera kuchuluka kwa XE komwe wodwala akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito masana

• Kugawa Mlingo kutumikiridwa Ndipo masana.
• Kudziletsa kwa glycemia, kusintha kwa chakudya kwa I.

Maluso osinthika a IIT osavuta:

• 25% ya SSD Ndipo imayang'aniridwa musanadye chakudya kapena maola 22 mu mawonekedwe a IDD. ICD (ma akaunti a 75% ya SSD) amagawidwa motere: 40% asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, 30% asanadye nkhomaliro ndipo 30% asanadye
• 30% ya SSD Ndipo imayambitsidwa mu IDD. Mwa awa: 2/3 a mlingo musanadye kadzutsa, 1/3 musanadye. 70% SDS imayendetsedwa ngati ICD. Mwa awa: 40% ya mlingo musanadye kadzutsa, 30% musanadye nkhomaliro, 30% musanadye chakudya chamadzulo kapena usiku.

M'tsogolomu - kusintha kwa mlingo wa I.

Zolemba za mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda a shuga

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya matendawa, ludzu silizunza. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuchepetsa thupi kumalandiridwa ngati zotsatira zabwino za zakudya. Endocrinologists amati chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a 2 amayamba ndi zakudya. Wochiritsira kapena gastroenterologist amapanga mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa, dongosolo lazakudya. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, pali kufunsana pakupanga menyu tsiku lililonse. (Onaninso: Mellitus wodwala matenda a shuga - chidziwitso chothandiza pa matendawa)

Ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga, mumachepa thupi nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa mafuta madipoziti. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin sensitivity. Insulin yotulutsidwa ndi kapamba imayamba kupanga shuga. Mapeto ake amathamangira ku maselo. Zotsatira zake, pali kuchepa kwa sucrose yamagazi.

Sizotheka nthawi zonse ndi matenda ashuga a 2 kuti azilamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'zakudya. Chifukwa chake, pakukambirana, endocrinologist amakupatsani mankhwala. Itha kukhala mapiritsi, jakisoni.

Mankhwala a insulin 2 a shuga amasonyezedwa mwa omwe ali onenepa kwambiri. Ngakhale nditakhala ndi zakudya zochepa, sikuti nthawi zonse kuchepetsa thupi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga sikunachitike, ndipo insulini yopanga sikokwanira kutsika shuga.Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi ndipo kubayidwa jakisoni wa insulin.

Kukula, matenda ashuga amafunikira jakisoni wa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa magazi. Pankhaniyi, endocrinologist akuyenera kuwonetsa pa kachipangizidwe ka khadi - "Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus insulin-". Chowonjezera pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga amtunduwu kuchokera koyamba ndi mulingo wa jakisoni. Izi sizotsutsa. Kupatula apo, zikondamoyo zimapitilizabe insulin.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji dokotala?

Kutalika kwa moyo wodwala matenda a shuga oopsa kumakhala kovuta kudziwa. Pali zoterezi pamene wodwala matenda ashuga amasiya kudalira endocrinologist. Amakhulupirira kuti chithandizo cha insulin chimapangidwira molakwika ndipo amayamba kuthamangira mozungulira zipatala.

Mwanjira ina, mumasankha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama popeza zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi ntchito zothandizidwa. Ndipo njira zamankhwala zingasiyane. Pa mpikisano uwu, kuti insulin yothandizira mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga amafunika kupanga chisankho nthawi yomweyo. Kupatula apo, ngati tili ndi matenda osalamulirika, kuvulaza kumachitika msanga komanso mosagwirizana. Chifukwa chake, musanaponye ku maofesi a endocrinologists, muyenera kusankha zoyenera dokotala.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amapezeka zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi akulu. Nthawi zina, kukula kwa mankhwala a insulini sikofunikira, chifukwa kapamba amabisa kuchuluka kwa insulini. Zinthu ngati izi sizimayambitsa matenda a diabetes ketoocytosis. Komabe, pafupifupi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mdani wachiwiri, kuphatikiza pa matendawa - kunenepa kwambiri.

Kutengera kwam'tsogolo matendawa

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Mwayi winawake umaperekedwa ndi majini chikhalidwe cha matenda ashuga. Zowonadi, ngati banja lili ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda osadziletsa a insulin, ndiye kuti mwa ana mwayi wokhala wathanzi umachepetsedwa ndi 50% (ndi matenda a abambo) ndi 35% yokha yokhala ndi matenda a amayi. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimachepetsa nthawi yamoyo.

Endocrinologists amati mitundu yama-sellassus yomwe imadalira shuga imatha kupezeka. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo kudziwa zoyambitsa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Mwanjira ina, mu zamankhwala, pali mitundu iwiri ya zilema.

• kukana insulini ndi dzina lachiwiri, lochulukirapo, - kunenepa kwambiri.
• kuchepa kwapachitetezo cha ma cell a beta / kusazindikira kwawo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga

Shuga mellitus (DM) ndi matenda ochokera ku autoimmune, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono papangidwe kamapangidwe ochepetsa shuga omwe amatchedwa insulin. Mchitidwe wama pathogenic wotere umabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "mphamvu pazinthu" zama cellular ndi minofu. Kenako, minofu ndi maselo zimasowa mphamvu yofunikira ndikuyamba kuwononga mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni okhawo m'thupi lathu omwe amatha kuwongolera shuga. Amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta, omwe amapezeka pazilumba za Langerhans za kapamba. Komabe, mthupi la munthu mumakhala kuchuluka kwama mahomoni ena omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi, mwachitsanzo, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, "kulamula" mahomoni, glucocorticoids ndi ena.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa. Amakhulupirira kuti moyo wapano uli ndi mphamvu pa zamatsenga izi, chifukwa anthu amakono amakhala onenepa kwambiri ndipo samachita masewera.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamatenda ndi iyi:

• lembani 1 insulin yodalira matenda a shuga (IDDM),
• lembani mtundu wachiwiri wa insulin wodwala matenda a shuga (NIDDM),
• matenda ashuga.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amadalira matenda a shuga a mellitus (IDDM) ndi njira yomwe kupanga insulin kumatha.Asayansi ndi madotolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wa 1 IDDM ndi chibadwa. Matendawa amafunika kuwunika nthawi zonse komanso kudekha, chifukwa masiku ano palibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse wodwalayo kwathunthu. Jakisoni wa insulin ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga a insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga wosadalira insulini (NIDDM) umadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa maselo omwe ukulembamo ndi timadzi timene timachepetsa shuga. Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba, kapamba amapitiliza kupanga insulini, koma maselo amayamba kuyankha molakwika. Matenda amtunduwu, monga lamulo, amakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 40-45. Kuzindikira koyambirira, mankhwala othandizira kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kupewa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a insulin.

Matenda a gestational amakula nthawi yapakati. Mthupi la mayi woyembekezera, kusintha kwa ma hormone kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe zimayambitsa shuga.

Ndi njira yoyenera yothandizira mankhwalawa, matendawa amazimiririka pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Ngakhale atafufuza zochuluka motani, madokotala ndi asayansi sangathe kupereka yankho lenileni la funso lazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimavumbula chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi thupi lenilenibe chinsinsi.

Komabe, maphunziro ndi zoyesera sizinali pachabe.

Mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku komanso zoyesa, zinali zotheka kudziwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha odwala matenda a shuga azidalira komanso asanafike ndi insulin. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Hormonal kusalinganika muubwana wogwirizana ndi zochita za kukula kwa mahomoni.
2. Jenda ya munthu. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti theka labwino laumunthu limakhala ndi matenda a shuga kawiri.
3. Kunenepa kwambiri. Mapaundi owonjezera amatsogolera pakuyika pa mtima makoma a cholesterol ndikuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi.
4. Mitundu Ngati mellitus wodwala kapena wodwala yemwe amadalira insulin amadwala mayi ndi bambo, ndiye kuti mwa ana awonekeranso 60-70% milandu. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti mapasa nthawi imodzi akuvutika ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi 58-65%, ndi mapasa - 16-30%.
5. Khungu la khungu la anthu limakhudzanso kukula kwa matendawa, chifukwa matenda ashuga ndi 30% ochulukirapo mu liwiro la Negroid.
6. Kuphwanya kapamba ndi chiwindi (matenda enaake, hemochromatosis, ndi zina).
7. Moyo wopanda ntchito, zizoloŵezi zoyipa ndi kudya zakudya zopanda pake.
8. Mimba, pomwe vuto la mahomoni limachitika.
9. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi glucocorticoids, antipsychotic atypical, beta-blockers, thiazides ndi mankhwala ena.

Pambuyo pofufuza zomwe tafotokozazi, ndizotheka kuzindikira chinthu chomwe chili choopsa chomwe chimapangitsa gulu lina la anthu kukhala ndi matenda ashuga. Mulinso:

• anthu onenepa kwambiri
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo
• odwala omwe ali ndi acromegaly ndi matenda ake a Itsenko-Cushing,
• odwala atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa kapena angina pectoris,
• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amkati
• anthu amakonda ziwengo (eczema, neurodermatitis),
• odwala glucocorticoid
• anthu omwe adakumana ndi vuto la mtima, matenda opatsirana komanso matenda opha ziwalo,
• azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati osadziwika,

Gululi limaphatikizanso azimayi omwe amabereka mwana wolemera oposa 4 kg.

Momwe mungazindikirire hyperglycemia?

Kukula msanga kwa glucose ndende ndikutsata "matenda okoma". Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin sangamveke kwa nthawi yayitali, akumawononga pang'onopang'ono makoma amitsempha komanso mathero a mitsempha pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamunthu.

Komabe, ndimelitus yodalira matenda a shuga mumakhala zizindikiro zambiri.Munthu yemwe amakhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake amatha kuzindikira momwe thupi limasonyezera hyperglycemia.

Ndiye, kodi ndimatenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin? Zina mwa ziwiri zazikulu zotchedwa polyuria (kukodza mwachangu), komanso ludzu losatha. Amalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya impso, yomwe imasefa magazi athu, ndikuchotsa thupi la zinthu zovulaza. Mowa wambiri umaphatikizanso poizoni, motero umathiridwa mkodzo. Kuchulukitsa kwa impso kumapangitsa kuti chiwalo chophatikizika kutulutsa madzimadzi osowa kuchokera ku minofu ya m'misempha, zimayambitsa zizindikiro zotere za matenda a shuga.

Chizungulire pafupipafupi, migraine, kutopa ndi kugona pang'ono ndizizindikiro zina zomwe ndizodziwika bwino za matendawa. Monga tanena kale, ndikusowa kwa glucose, maselo amayamba kuphwanya mafuta ndi mapuloteni kuti apeze madzi osungira. Zikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuwola, zinthu zakupha zomwe zimatchedwa matupi a ketone zimatuluka. Njala yam'manja, kuwonjezera pamavuto a ma ketones, imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda a shuga sagona bwino usiku, sagona mokwanira, samangika, chifukwa amayamba kudandaula chizungulire komanso kupweteka.

Amadziwika kuti matenda a shuga (1 ndi 2 mawonekedwe) amakhudza mitsempha ndi makoma amitsempha. Zotsatira zake, maselo amitsempha amawonongeka ndipo makoma am'mbali amayamba kuwonda. Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zambiri. Wodwalayo angadandaule chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maonedwe, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutupa kwa khungu la diso, lomwe limakutidwa ndi ma network. Kuphatikiza apo, dzanzi kapena kumva m'miyendo ndi manja ndizizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Mwa zina mwazidziwitso za "matenda okoma" chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pazovuta za njira yolera, amuna ndi akazi. Mu theka lolimba, mavuto okhala ndi erectile ntchito amayamba, ndipo ofooka, kusamba kwa msambo kumasokonezeka.

Zocheperako ndizizindikiro monga kuchiritsa kwa bala

Zotsatira zakukula kwa shuga

Mosakayikira, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osadalira insulin, omwe akupita patsogolo, amawononga pafupifupi machitidwe onse a ziwalo zamkati mwa thupi la munthu. Izi zitha kupewedwa kudzera pakuzindikira koyambirira komanso kuthandizidwa moyenera.

Chovuta chowopsa cha matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wa shuga wodziyimira pawokha komanso wodalira insulin ndi kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga. Vutoli limadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga chizungulire, kusanza komanso mseru, chikumbumtima chosavomerezeka, kukomoka. Pankhaniyi, kuchipatala mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti tithandizenso.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga a insulin kapena osadalira insulini omwe amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo ndizotsatira za malingaliro osasamala pa thanzi lanu. Mawonetsedwe amachitidwe ophatikizika amakhudzana ndi kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa, kumangokhala, kudya chakudya chokwanira, kupeza matenda osafunikira komanso chithandizo chokwanira. Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kudwala kwamatenda?

Mavuto akuluakulu a shuga ndi monga:

1. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi mkhalidwe womwe kuwonongeka kwa retinal kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, kupenyerera kwamawonedwe kumachepa, munthu sangathe kuwona chithunzi chathunthu pamaso pake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amdima ndi zolakwika zina.
2. Matenda a Periodontal ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi matenda a chingamu chifukwa cha kupindika kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso magazi.
3. Matenda a shuga - gulu la matenda omwe amafotokoza matenda am'munsi am'munsi. Popeza miyendo ndiyo gawo lakutali kwambiri la thupi pakubwera kwa magazi, lembani matenda ashuga 1 a mellitus (odalira insulin) omwe amayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba. Popita nthawi, poyankha molakwika, gangrene amakula.Chithandizo chokhacho ndikuduladula miyendo.
4. Polyneuropathy ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi kumva kwa mikono ndi miyendo. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira odwala insulin komanso omwe samadalira insulini amatenga zovuta zambiri kwa odwala.
5. Matenda a Erectile, omwe amayamba mwa amuna zaka 15 m'mbuyomu kuposa anzawo omwe akudwala matenda a shuga. Mwayi wakukula kwa kusabala ndi 20-85%, kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi waukulu wokhala wopanda ana pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi komanso kawirikawiri kuzizira kumawonedwa.

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin

Matenda a shuga a 2 osadalira insulin amakula motsatizana, nthawi zambiri pazaka zingapo. Wodwala sangathe kuwona zomwe akuwonetsa konse. Zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri zikuphatikiza:

M ludzu umatha kutchulidwa kapena kuwonekera pang'ono. Zomwezo zimagwiranso pokodza mwachangu. Tsoka ilo, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwangozi. Komabe, ndimatenda otere, kuzindikira koyambirira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupimidwa magazi pafupipafupi kuti mupeze shuga.

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amawonetsedwa ndimavuto a pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba. Izi nthawi zambiri:

Ndi ludzu lotchulidwa, wodwalayo amatha kumwa mpaka malita 3-5 patsiku. Nthawi zambiri usiku kupita kuchimbudzi.

Ndikupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga, dzanzi ndi kumva kuwawa kumapeto zimawonekera, miyendo imapweteka poyenda. Mwa akazi, candidiasis yosasinthika imawonedwa. Pambuyo pake magawo azikhala:

Zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zili pamwambapa mu 20-30% ya odwala ndiye zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesa mayeso chaka chilichonse kuti mupewe izi.

• 1. Ndikofunikira kufotokozera kuchuluka komwe kusala kudya kwa magazi ndikatha kudya ndikuyesera kuzisamalira. Magawo awa amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. a. Kwa odwala omwe akudziwa bwino momwe hypoglycemia imayambira ndipo pomwe izi zimangodziyendera zokha kapena atatha kudya shuga, kuthamanga kwa glucose komwe kumakhala pafupi ndi komwe kumakhala ndi anthu athanzi (3.9-7.2 mmol / l) kungasonyezedwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo odwala achikulire omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa ya insulin wodalira matenda a shuga komanso achinyamata. b. Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chotsika glucose wocheperako. c. Miyezi yokhazikika ya glucose iyenera kukhala yapamwamba mwa odwala omwe samva kuti njira ya hypoglycemia, komanso muzochitika zomwe hypoglycemia imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala kapena chowopsa (mwachitsanzo, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi). g. Mu odwala omwe amalangidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusintha Mlingo wa insulin, ndikotheka kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose kwa 70-80% ya nthawi ya tsiku.
• 2. Ndikofunikira kutsanzira kusinthasintha kwazinthu zamagulu a insulin monga momwe kungathekere. Mwa anthu athanzi, maselo a beta amapitilira insulin yaying'ono ndipo motero amapereka basal yake. Pambuyo kudya, insulin katulutsidwe kumatheka. Kuti apange insulin yofunikira kwambiri m'magazi a wodwalayo ndikusintha kusinthasintha kwakuthupi kwakuthengo kwa insulin, imodzi mwalamulo yotsatirayi ya insulin imasankhidwa: a. Insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule imayendetsedwa musanadye chilichonse, ndipo insulini yokhazikika imayendetsedwa kamodzi patsiku (nthawi yogona) kapena kawiri pa tsiku (musanadye kadzutsa komanso asanagone) kuti apange gawo loyambira la mahomoni. b. Insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule imaperekedwa musanadye chilichonse, ndipo insulini yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imaperekedwa 1 kapena 2 kawiri patsiku kuti ipange gawo loyambira la mahomoni. c. Kawiri pa tsiku, insulin yocheperako komanso sing'anga kapena kuphatikiza insulini kukonzedwa kumayendetsedwa nthawi yomweyo. g.Asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, insulin yochepa komanso sing'anga wothandizidwa ndi insulin kapena kuphatikizira insulin pamodzi. Asanadye chakudya chamadzulo, insulin yovala pang'ono, ndipo isanagone, insulin ya nthawi yayitali imabayidwa. e. Wodwala yemwe amatha kunyamula insulin amafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahanderi asanadye. Mitundu yamakono yopatsirana yam'magazi a glucose metres samangokhala ndi insulin, komanso imangokulitsa kuchuluka kwa timadzi timatenda ta m'magazi tikatha kudya.
• 3. Muzisamala pakati pa Mlingo wa insulin, zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ma tebulo omwe amadyedwa ndi American Diabetes Association amaperekedwa kwa odwala kapena abale awo. Ma tebulo awa amawonetsa chakudya chamagulu amitundu mitundu ya zakudya, mphamvu zawo ndi kusinthana. Dokotala, limodzi ndi wodwala, amapanga dongosolo la munthu wazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amafotokozera momwe zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zimakhudzira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• 4. Kudziona wekha wamagazi a. Tsiku lililonse, 4-5 pa tsiku (musanadye chakudya chilichonse komanso pogona), wodwalayo amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a chitseko chogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera kapena glucometer. b. Kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri, komanso nthawi zonse pamene gawo la insulin limayendetsedwa musanagone, wodwalayo amayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pakati pa 2:00 ndi 4:00. Mlingo wa glucose mukatha kudya umatsimikiziridwa pafupipafupi. c. Nthawi zonse yeretsani kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwonekera kwa zotsogola za hypoglycemia. d. Zotsatira za miyeso yonse, Mlingo wa insulini ndi zomverera zina (mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za hypoglycemia) zalembedwa mu diary.
• 5. Kudzikonza nokha kwa dongosolo la insulin mankhwala ndi zakudya, kutengera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi moyo. Dokotala ayenera kupatsa wodwalayo dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane wa momwe angachitire, kupereka zambiri momwe angathere, momwe angafunikire kusintha njira ya insulin ndi zakudya. a. Kuwongolera kwa insulin mankhwala regimen kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa insulin Mlingo, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana nthawi, komanso kusintha kwa jakisoni. Zifukwa zosinthira kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi mitundu ya insulin
• 1) Kusintha kwamwazi wamagazi panthawi inayake masana, kuzindikiridwa ndi zolemba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga wamagazi pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa ayamba kuchuluka, mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa yomwe mumapereka musanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Komanso, ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga pakati pa chakudya cham'mawa komanso chamasana kwatsika, ndipo makamaka ngati zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zikuwoneka panthawiyi, mlingo wam'mawa wa insulin yochepa kapena pakati pa insulin mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa.
• 2) Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a tsiku ndi tsiku (mogwirizana, mutha kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin tsiku lililonse).
• 3) Chakudya chowonjezera chomwe chikubwera (mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwalayo akuyendera).
• 4) Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zikubwera. 5) Ulendo wautali, kumverera kolimba (kupita kusukulu, makolo osudzulana, ndi zina).
• 6) Matenda onga.
• 6. Maphunziro a odwala. Dokotala ayenera kuphunzitsa wodwalayo kuti azichita zinthu modziyimira payekha m'malo alionse. Nkhani zazikulu zomwe adotolo ayenera kukambirana ndi wodwala: a. Kudziyang'anira wekha wamagazi. b. Malangizo a insulin mankhwala regimen. c. Kukonzekera Zopatsa Thanzi. g. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zovomerezeka. d. Kuzindikira, kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a hypoglycemia. e. Kuwongolera chithandizo cha matenda oyanjana.
• 7. Kuyanjana ndi wodwala ndi dokotala kapena gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Choyamba, adokotala amafunikira nthawi zambiri za momwe wodwalayo alili.Kachiwiri, wodwalayo ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala kapena anamwino nthawi ina iliyonse masana ndi kulandira upangiri pa vuto lililonse lokhudza vuto lakelo.
• 8. Kulimbikitsa wodwala. Kupambana kwa chithandizo cha insulin kwambiri kumadalira kulanga kwa wodwalayo komanso kufunitsitsa kwake kuti athane ndi matendawa. Kukhalabe ndi chilimbikitso kumafuna kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa abale ndi abwenzi a wodwala ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala. Nthawi zambiri ntchito imeneyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
• 9. Kuthandizira pa zamaganizidwe. Odwala omwe adayamba kudwala matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin ndipo abale awo amafunikira thandizo lamalingaliro. Wodwala ndi abale ake ayenera kuzolowera lingaliro la matendawa ndikuzindikira kulephera kwake ndipo ayenera kulimbana nayo. Ku United States, magulu apadera odzithandiza amapanga dongosolo ili.

Kodi matenda ashuga amakula bwanji?

Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga amelititus (DM) imayamba chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa autoimmune komwe kumalepheretsa maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Zomwe zimachitika pakadali pano sizinawonekerebe.

Zofunikira pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga:

• chibadwa
• matenda kapamba
• kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kunenepa kwambiri,
• kuledzera
• matenda a virus.

Kubadwa kwa chibadwa, mpaka pano, ndichinthu chotsutsana. Zowonadi, majini omwe amayambitsa kukula kwa matenda amabadwa, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti matendawa ndi omwe angayambitse matenda. Ngati makolo awiri adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira matenda a shuga, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda mwa mwana sufika pa 17-20%. Ngati kholo limodzi limadwala, mwayiwu umachepetsedwa mpaka 4-5%.

Pali matenda amtundu 1 a shuga, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda nawonso umadalira insulini.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndikomwe kukuyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda amisempha. Mtundu woyamba 1 wodalira insulini umayamba chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin, chifukwa chomwe kupangika kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa ndi 95%, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi sizikwanira kuchepa shuga.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a kuperewera kwa chakudya m'thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha cell ku insulin ndi glucose; chifukwa, glucose samadyedwa ndikuwunjikana m'thupi.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuphwanya njira zonse za metabolic mthupi. Pankhaniyi, choyambirira, mapuloteni ndi chakudya cha metabolism, chitetezo chokwanira komanso madzi kagayidwe amavutika. Monga lamulo, mtundu uwu wa zamatenda umakula akadali aang'ono. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizofanana ndi matenda ashuga:

• madzi ambiri chifukwa cha ludzu lomwe limakulirakulira,
• kutopa,
• kuchepa thupi msanga, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chikhumbo,
• Zizindikiro za kuledzera,
• zotupa pakhungu ndi zotupa,
• kuchuluka kwamkodzo,
• matenda amanjenje - kusokonekera, kusowa tulo, kupanda chidwi.

Matendawa amakhudza thupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchepa kwa maonedwe acuity. Odwala amadandaula za kukokana komanso dzanzi lakumapeto. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka mu chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana.

Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotulutsa, womwe umadziwika ndi chitukuko cha ketoacidosis.

Mtundu wodalira insulin umakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu. Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito njira zofunikira mukazindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira, pamakhala chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Mtundu 2 wa insulin

Matenda a 2 a shuga ndiofala kwambiri kuposa matenda amtundu woyamba. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe omwe matendawa amafunika safuna jakisoni wa insulin, ndipo kubwezeretsedwa kumachitika pochepetsa kulemera kwa wodwalayo, mankhwala othandizira pakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Komabe, nthawi zina, mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 (otengedwa ndi zaka), koma odalira insulin, amachitika. Zowonetsa ma pathologist ndi kusakhazikika kwama cell kwa mahomoni. Zotsatira zake, insulin siyitsitsa glucose, motero kutulutsa kwa mahomoni kumachulukanso. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin yotupa, zovuta za kapamba ndi maselo ake zimatha ndipo zimawonongeka pakapita nthawi.

Pankhaniyi, chithandizo cha matendawa chimangobwereza chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1.

Chithandizo cha matenda akudalira insulin

DM ndi matenda omwe sangathetsedwe. Mankhwala onse amayesetsa kulipirira matendawa. Matenda a shuga opatsirana amatha kungolankhulidwa pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikwabwinobwino, ndipo palibe kulumpha lakuthwa ndi kupatuka kwazomwe zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuopsa kwa matendawa kuli m'kukula kwa zovuta zakusiyanasiyana, zina zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo cha moyo ndikukhala ndi imfayo. Kubwezera matendawa kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwa wodwala aliyense.

• jakisoni tsiku ndi tsiku
• zakudya mankhwala
• zolimbitsa thupi
• shuga.

Dongosolo loyendetsa mahomoni amasankhidwa ndi adokotala. Kumayambiriro kwamatenda

Zakudyazo zimasankhidwa poganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu osiyanasiyana. Mu matenda ashuga, ochepa-carb, zakudya zoyenera zimasonyezedwa. Muyenera kutsatira malamulo a chakudya chamagulu, muziganizira mndandanda wazogulitsa. Odwala amadya magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, osachepera kasanu patsiku.

Kusintha menyu ndikuwona mphamvu ya mankhwala a insulin, ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga m'magazi kangapo patsiku.

Wodwala ayenera kugula glucometer yonyamula yolondola.

Mtundu wachiwiri wodwala insulin umadziwika ndi zovuta za metabolic, izi zimapangitsa chidwi cha moyo wa wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri odwala oterewa amakhala onenepa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaphatikizanso masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuchepetsa zomwe zili menyu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, chiwopsezo cha minofu ulusi wa glucose chimawonjezeka, chomwe nthawi zonse chimayamba kumwa mowa mwakulemera. Minofu yambiri ikapangidwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimapanga glucose, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wake m'magazi umachepetsedwa ndipo umalowa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kulipira matenda.

Jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amadalira matenda a shuga amafunika kupatsidwa mahomoni tsiku lililonse. Monga lamulo, dongosolo la insulin mankhwala limasankhidwa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense ndipo limasinthidwa ngati pakufunika.

Cholinga cha mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakanthawi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala, kutengera kutalika kwa zochita.

Wodwala ayenera kuphunzira kumvera thupi lake. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa ndizakuti shuga ya glucose nthawi zina imatha kutsikira mpaka mtengo wofunikira, womwe umayamba chifukwa cha kupsa mtima. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa zizindikilo za thupi lake kuti athe kuyankha moyenera panthawi yovuta ya magazi m'magazi ndikuchita zofunika.

Monga lamulo, jakisoni waifupi wa mankhwala amaperekedwa musanadye. Mankhwala oterowo amathandizira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amawonjezereka akangotha ​​kudya. Komanso, kawiri patsiku, jakisoni wa mahomoni amtundu wa nthawi yayitali, womwe umayendetsa bwino shuga pamasiku onse.

Zotsatira za cholesterol yayikulu

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa osachulukitsa lipoproteins, zochulukirapo zimayikidwa pakhoma lamankhwala, zokhala ndi minofu ingapo ndikupanga cholesterol plaque. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuunikira kwa mitsempha ya magazi kumacheperachepera, komwe kumapangitsa magazi kuyenderera kudutsa. Popita nthawi, zikwangwani zimakula, ndipo lumenyi imachepera. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka pazida za mtima ndi ubongo. Popeza zotsatirapo zake zingakhale kudwala mtima kapena sitiroko.

Ndi chifukwa ichi amayi azaka 60 zakubadwa ayenera kulabadira zaumoyo wawo, popeza momwe thupi la mayi limayang'ana kukonzekera kwa lipids khoma lamitsempha.

Momwe mungaphunzirire kukhala ndi matenda?

Matenda a 2 a shuga, komanso mtundu wodwala womwe umadalira insulin, amasiya mawonekedwe enaake pamakhalidwe, koma mutha kuphunzira kukhala ndi izi.

Wodwalayo ayenera kumamvetsera thupi lake nthawi zonse ndikuphunzira kusiyanitsa zochepa za kukwera kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Odwala amadya nthawi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mupange jakisoni ndikuwongolera mishuga ya glucose. Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta am'mimba ndizovuta.

Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi jakisoni apakanthawi zimathandizira kupewa zovuta. Gawo lofunikira m'moyo ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda. Tisalole kulemera mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa chake zakudya ndi masewera amakhala othandizana ndi odwala nthawi zonse.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusintha kwakuthwa mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga m'magazi kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa - chisokonezo, kukomoka. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa shuga sikungokhala chakudya chokha, komanso kuzizira kwakanthawi, kupsinjika ndi tsiku la msambo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azigwira bwino ntchito, motero odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kusankha ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuti azikhudzidwa kwambiri. Kwa odwala, kusintha kwa usiku ndi ntchito yosuntha ndikosayenera kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic ndipo zingayambitse zovuta.

Komabe, ngati mungayang'anire thanzi lanu ndikutsatira njira zamankhwala, kuzindikira sikungakhale chopinga cha moyo wathunthu.

Chifukwa chiyani chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga ndi choti achite?

Chizungulire chimawonedwa mwa onse odwala matenda ashuga, kupatula. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosavomerezeka mu insulin m'magazi ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito amkati. Zotsatira za chizungulire imatha kukhala chikomokere. Tikambirana za momwe titha kuperekera thandizo komanso njira zodzitchinjiriza.

Chizungulire komanso kusokonezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri kumawonekera. Insulin ndi yomwe imayendetsa shuga mu thupi. Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a mafupa, minofu ndi mafuta. Mu shuga mellitus, ma insulin receptors "amalephera." Kuwonongeka kwa manjenje, minyewa komanso mafinya.

Ubongo, ziwiya zing'onozing'ono, ndi kuwala kwa diso sizimalandira chakudya chokwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokoneza ma vestibular. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi chizungulire, amadetsa khungu m'maso, kufooka kumawonekera kumapazi, kugona tulo.

Magulu a chizungulire kwa odwala shuga:

• Hypoglycemia - kutsika kwakuthwa kwamas shuga. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kutuluka kwamaso, kufooka komanso kugwira ntchito kwambiri. Zoyambitsa hypoglycemia:
  • nthawi yayitali pakusala kudya masana,
  • kulandira insulin yokumba pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena osakumwetulira pambuyo pake,
  • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
  • mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kusowa kwa insulini,
  • zoyipa zamankhwala
  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
• Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Wodwalayo amamva pakamwa pouma, kufunsa kukodza. Nthawi zonse ndimamva ludzu.Zonena za chizungulire zimatha ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
• Matenda oopsa komanso oopsa. Kudumphadumpha kwa magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Matendawa amawonekera ngati chotsatira cha kusokonekera mu mtima. Chizungulire chimachitika kuchokera mwadzidzidzi kusintha kukakamiza.
• Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa msana komanso mitsempha ya chithokomiro. Mulingo wamtima wa wodwalayo umakwera, kupanikizika kumagwera, kusabereka kumayamba, chizungulire.
• Matenda a shuga a retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina mwa odwala matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuphatikizika uku kumawonedwa mwa 85-90% ya odwala. Pamakhala kutha m'maso, "ntchentche", kutaya m'mitsempha. Ndi kuchepa kwa masomphenyawo, wodwalayo amakhala pamavuto osaneneka, zomwe zimatsogolera chizungulire.

Kuzunguliridwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga palokha ndiye koyamba belu lakuukira. The malaise limodzi ndi zotsatirazi zizindikiro:

• ludzu lalikulu
• kamwa yowuma
• kuvutika kupuma
• kugunda kwa mtima
• tinnitus
• kuphipha kwa minofu ya diso
• kufooka m'miyendo mpaka kukokana,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
• kukomoka.

Ubongo wa wodwala, akuvutika ndi hypoxia (kusowa kwa mpweya), umapereka ululu m'misempha. Wodwala amakula, kufooka kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa kumasokonezeka, chizungulire. Kukodwa mwamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cha zizindikiro zotere kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Izi zimabweretsa ketoacidosis - kuphwanya chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi ketosis - chakudya cha maselo.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa, wodwalayo samatha kumva komanso samazindikira kwambiri. Popanda kuthandizira, wodwala amatha kukomoka ndikusiya kukomoka.

Pamaso pa zizindikiro zotere, ndikofunikira kuyimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakonda kudziwa kukomoka komwe kungachitike. Odwala amadziwa momwe angachitire zinthu zotere. Komabe, pali nthawi zina pomwe wodwala sangathe kupereka thandizo pawokha.

Choyamba, timayitanira ambulansi. Zotsatira za kuukiridwa zimatha kukhala zosatsimikizika kwambiri. Tikudikirira adotolo, tichita zinthu zingapo:

1. Timakhala kapena kumuyika wodwalayo momasuka kuti athe kupuma.
2. Timapatsa wodwalayo kudya maswiti, maswiti kapena chidutswa cha shuga ndi choyenera.
3. Timatsegula mwayi wopita kumlengalenga. Ndi kuvunda kwambiri, timagwiritsa ntchito inhaler.
4. Tipanga jakisoni wa shuga - 40% yankho, ngati pali luso. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatenga nawo limodzi.
5. Ikani thaulo lozizira pamphumi pa wodwalayo. Ngati ndi kotheka, timapanga viniga vya viniga. Izi zimathandizira vasospasm ndikubwezeretsa kupuma kwa wodwalayo.
6. Apatseni wodwala piritsi yomwe imasintha njira za metabolic, mwachitsanzo, cinnarizine, mildronate, motilium.
7. Muyerekeze kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati lakuthwa kwambiri kapena kuchepa, perekani mankhwala okhazikika.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikofunikira kunyamula cholembedwa ndi malingaliro pokhapokha pakuwonekera, jakisoni wa shuga, mankhwala a vasodilator, inhaler.

Palibe amene angatetezedwe ku matenda ashuga, ngakhale atakhala ndi shuga yofooka.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi kupewa matenda a matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakakamizidwa kutsatira zakudya zinazake. Palibe zoletsa zambiri pazakudya zamitundu mitundu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya komwe kumadyedwa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsa thupi kuchuluka kwamadzi opanda mchere owonjezera kuti asunge mchere wamchere. Ndikofunika kupewa kuchepa kwamadzi.

Zikondazo zimabisa bicarbonate - yankho lamadzimadzi lomwe limathandizira chilengedwe.Ndikusowa kwa madzi mthupi, chitsulo chimachipanga choyambirira. Insulin ili pamalo achiwiri.

Kodi thupi limafunikira zochuluka motani? Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga amwe magalasi awiri am'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu komanso asanadye chilichonse. Madzi oyera okha ndi oyenera. Tiyi, khofi, timadziti tokhala ndi glucose timagwirizana bwino.

Mowa umangokulitsa zinthu. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mowa umakhazikitsa shuga poyamba. Koma m'mene zimalekeka, pali kuwonjezeka kwa glucose m'magazi chifukwa chakufooka.

Chomwe chimatengera matenda ashuga ndikuti thupi limatha kupirira shuga. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zokhala ndi "mchenga" Woyera sizimachotsedwa muzakudya. Mankhwala ali ndi mitundu yambiri yosankha zotsekemera.

Fotokozani malamulo oyambira chithandizo:

• tsiku lililonse olimbitsa thupi
• kusamala zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kutsatira zakudya
• kusunga madzi mosamala,
• kuwunika mwadongosolo kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• kulemba mayeso
• kukonza kwamaso ndi magalasi (ngati kuli kotheka),
• kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kumva (ngati mukumvetsera).
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
• kupewa kuchuluka kwambiri,
• kupatsa thupi mavitamini ndi michere (moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri).

Mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati chizungulire chimachitika pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuti mumupimidwe kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Dokotala wopezekapo amathandiza kuzindikira matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga komanso kupereka mankhwala kuti athetse vuto lomwe lingakhalepo.

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: diabet.biz

Matendawa amakhala ndi zambiri: ludzu pafupipafupi, kukodza pafupipafupi, kulimbitsa chilakolako chofooka, kufooka ndi kutopa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono amachiritsa kwanthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse. Nthawi zambiri chizungulire chimawonekera. Zotsatira zakukula msanga kwa matendawa ndizowopsa. Pali chiopsezo cha stroko ndi myocardial infaration, kulephera kwa impso, gangrene yamalire (kufa kwa minofu). Munthu akhoza kungokhala wakhungu kapena kugwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga - mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2. Odwala nthawi zambiri amadandaula za zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zimakhala zodziwika kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka komanso ngati zingatheke kuletsa kuukira.

Zonse zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire mu shuga

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kungayambitse mseru, kutopa, komanso kufooka kwathunthu.

Pochulukitsa zomwe zidachitika kasanu, odwala amadandaula za mavuto moyenera, kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa, kupweteka kwa mutu.

Chizungulire chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a 2 amayamba chifukwa:

1. Kusala kudya tsiku lonse
2. Kubaya insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake kunyalanyaza kufunika kwazakudya,
3. Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi,
4. Kuchulukitsa kapena kusakwanira kwa insulin
5. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zochepa.

Nthawi zambiri chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga chimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe zanenedwa pansipa.

1. Mlingo wolakwika wa mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga. Izi zimayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic, kapena, Mosiyana, shuga wambiri. Milandu yonse iwiri imayambitsa zomwe tafotokozazi.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.
3. Hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zosayenderana ndi chithandizo cha matendawa. Mikhalidwe yopsinjika, maphwando osayembekezeka, matenda opatsirana amatulutsa thupi kuchoka pamwambo wawo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti metabolism ya carbohydrate ifike.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayambitsa kusowa kwamadzi, kutanthauza kuchepa thupi. Vutoli limaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kagayidwe kamene kamasinthidwa makamaka kusintha kwa zochita za anaerobic.

Anthu amamva izi ngati kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kukokana. Komanso panthawiyi, ubongo umayamba kudwala hypoxia, kusowa kwa oxygen. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikuphwanya mgwirizano, chizungulire komanso kufooka kwakukulu, kugona. Kuchita bwino kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Achibale komanso abwenzi apamtima a odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa za matendawa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wodwalayo samazindikira kusintha kwa shuga, ndipo munthu amatha kuwona kuti hypoglycemia yatsika kapena yawuka. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitha kukhazikika pamlingo wa shuga popanda kuyitanira ambulansi komanso kulandira zipatala kuchipatala, komanso kupewa kutaya chifuwa.

• Hypoglycemia - kutsika kwakuthwa kwamas shuga. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kutuluka kwamaso, kufooka komanso kugwira ntchito kwambiri. Zoyambitsa hypoglycemia:
  • nthawi yayitali pakusala kudya masana,
  • kulandira insulin yokumba pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena osakumwetulira pambuyo pake,
  • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
  • mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kusowa kwa insulini,
  • zoyipa zamankhwala
  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
• Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Wodwalayo amamva pakamwa pouma, kufunsa kukodza. Nthawi zonse ndimamva ludzu. Zonena za chizungulire zimatha ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
• Matenda oopsa komanso oopsa. Kudumphadumpha kwa magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Matendawa amawonekera ngati chotsatira cha kusokonekera mu mtima. Chizungulire chimachitika kuchokera mwadzidzidzi kusintha kukakamiza.
• Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa msana komanso mitsempha ya chithokomiro. Mulingo wamtima wa wodwalayo umakwera, kupanikizika kumagwera, kusabereka kumayamba, chizungulire.
• Matenda a shuga a retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina mwa odwala matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuphatikizika uku kumawonedwa mwa 85-90% ya odwala. Pamakhala kutha m'maso, "ntchentche", kutaya m'mitsempha. Ndi kuchepa kwa masomphenyawo, wodwalayo amakhala pamavuto osaneneka, zomwe zimatsogolera chizungulire.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani kapamba amaleka kupanga mahomoni ofunikira? Insulin yomwe imadalira matenda a shuga imachitika chifukwa cha zochita za chitetezo cha m'thupi. Amawona kuti ma cell a gland ndi achilendo ndikuwawononga. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin akukulira msanga muubwana, achinyamata, achinyamata. Matendawa amapezeka mwa amayi ena apakati, koma amadutsa mwana akangobadwa. Komabe, azimayi otere amatha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu II.

Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti? Pakadali pano, pali ma hypotheses okha. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amadalira insulin atha kukhala:

• matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
• matenda a autoimmune
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• chibadwire
• kusuta kwa maswiti
• onenepa kwambiri
• kupsinjika, kupsinjika.

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa munthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kosatha sikungakhale popanda zotsatira kwa nthawi yayitali. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa odwala onse ndi chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga 2. Ndikosavuta kupewa maonekedwe ake, koma kudziwa zomwe zimachitika, mutha kuyesetsa kupewa. Mwa zina zazikulu zoyambitsa chizungulire, ziyenera kudziwika:

• Mlingo wosankhidwa molakwika wa insulin, womwe umafunika pa matenda a mtundu woyamba, ndipo nthawi zina, jakisoni uyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.
• hypoglycemia yomwe imachitika ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic, komanso zakudya zosakwanira.
• dontho / kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima,
• neuropathy chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma neuron,
• hyperglycemia - chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochuluka, mahomoni osokonezeka amasokonezeka, thupi limasowa madzi ndikuyenda kwake kwa anaerobic metabolism.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo pazinthu izi:

• Mlingo wa insulin wosawerengeka molondola, popanda odwala a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga sangathe.
• Hypoglycemia - imadziwonetsa ndi kutsika kwakang'ono kwa shuga (glucose) m'magazi, chifukwa cha kudya kosakwanira.
• Hypoglycemia imakhalanso chotulukapo chomwa mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga.
• Kupitilira kwa glucose kosalekeza ku ubongo kumaonekera ndi ntchito yomveka bwino yachilengedwe chonse. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa chizungulire komanso kufooka kwathunthu kwa thupi komwe kumayambira mu shuga.
• Chizungulire mu matenda a shuga amathanso kuyenda ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhasmia, palpitations, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga.
• Hyperglycemia - shuga wambiri. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri kwa insulini kapena kusungika kwa jekeseni wa mankhwalawa, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsatiradi. Ndipo izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwa mahomoni.

Hyperglycemia imakhalanso yoopsa chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kusintha kwa matenda a anaerobic.

Kupereka kwa glycogen kumatha, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kumasokonezeka, chifukwa chake kufooka ndi chizungulire. Izi zimakhala zowala ndikuwoneka ngati kukokana komanso kupweteka m'misempha, monga lactic acid imadziunjikira.

Zofunika! Zozungulira wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulangizidwa momveka bwino za momwe angachitire ndi zizindikirozi kuti, poyambira chizungulire kapena hypoglycemia, amachotsa mwachangu zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupanga kuchepa kwa shuga.

Pofuna kuti wodwala agwere kapena kufa, jakisoni wa glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ketoacidosis imatha kukhala gawo lina la hyperglycemia. Monga lamulo, zimachitika mwa odwala omwe sawongolera njira ya matenda awo. Ndikusowa kwa glucose, thupi limayamba kuphwanya zomwe limasunga mafuta ndikupanga matupi a ketone mwachangu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa ketone mthupi, acidity yamagazi imachuluka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku izi:

1. kufooka
2. nseru
3. Fungo la acetone lamkati,
4. ludzu
5. kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
6. kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Kupatula ketoacidosis, jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchulukana m'makutu, kufooka kwathunthu, kumadetsa maso kumawonjezera chizungulire.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za ketoacidosis, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa kudzipereka kwanu kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizungulire kapena chizungulire. Chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga chimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuletsa kupititsa patsogolo ndikusinthanso njira ya matendawa, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda am'mbuyomu. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi moyo wongokhala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti kapena ma muffins. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi zaka 50-55.

Shuga ndi mankhwala opangira gawo la maselo. Kuti muzilowetse, mumafunikira insulin ndi ma receptor ake.Mu matenda a shuga, kulumikizana koona kumasweka, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka.

Mu thupi la munthu mumakhala timisempha timene timamwa shuga ndi kulowetsedwa. Tiziwalo tosadalira insulin ndi mathero a mitsempha, retina, komanso khoma lamkati lamitsempha yamagazi. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'misempha yodalira insulin.

Chizungulire chimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zodziwika bwino:

• Mlingo wosankha molakwika wa insulin,
• matenda ashuga a m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa nkhawa, palpitation komanso kutopa kwambiri,
• kutsika kwakukulu kwamisempha chifukwa chosowa chakudya (chikhalidwe chotchedwa hypoglycemia)
• zotsatira zoyipa pakumwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya shuga,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga ndende, i.e. hyperglycemia. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti kapamba sangakwanitse kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini kapena chitetezo chathupi sichingalephereke kupangira jakisoni wa mankhwalawa.
• kusowa kwa magazi
• matenda oopsa

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga

Pali zosankha zingapo za matenda. Endocrinologists muzochitika zamankhwala zamasiku onse zimasiyanitsa mitundu yayikulu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga: insulin-wate (I) komanso osagwirizana ndi insulin-II (II). Poyambirira, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa kapamba amapanga insulini yochepa kwambiri. Kachiwiri - chifukwa maselo sangathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito komanso amakumana ndi vuto la shuga.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga imakhala ndi zofananira zambiri. Amasiyana makamaka mu kuuma. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa I ndizowonjezereka, zowala ndipo zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi, mwachangu. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda amtundu II nthawi zambiri sazindikira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akudwala. General malaise imatha kubisa mosavuta kuzindikiraku. Komabe, matenda ashuga amadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu itatu yazizindikiro. Izi ndi:

• ludzu losatha
• kuchuluka kwamikodzo,
• kumverera kwamuyaya kwanjala.

Matendawa amatha kuwonetsa zina. Matenda awa ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri achikulire amapezeka:

• zilonda zapakhosi,
• "Iron" kulawa mkamwa,
• Kuuma ndi kusenda kwa khungu, matenda oyamba ndi fungus,
• mabala amachiritso aatali
• Kuchepetsa kuyamwa m'mapiri,
• mutu
• kupsinjika kumatsika
• kusowa tulo
• kuchepa kwa masomphenya
• kuthana ndi chimfine
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kusweka.

Mawonetsero azizindikiro

Chizungulire, mutu ukayamba kuzungulira, ndiye chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe odwala matenda ashuga 1 ndi 2 amadandaula nacho. Zomwe zimayambitsa vertigo poyamba komanso nthawi zonse zotsatila zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwathunthu, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa zida za vetibular ndi zovuta kuzungulira kwa ubongo.

Dizziness ya matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi kusanza, nseru, kapena kufooka kwakukulu. Kuti mumvetse bwino zomwe zili muzochitika zonsezi, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa uphungu wa wamisala. Monga lamulo, chithandizo chovuta kuchipatala chimakhala ndi ntchito yodziwika, mankhwala, komanso zakudya zamagulu.

Pakati chizungulire, zimawoneka kwa wodwala kuti zinthu zomwe zimamuzungulira zikuyenda mozungulira, wokonzeka kupindika, kapena malingaliro abodza adapangidwa kuti akutuluka. Bwanji osasokoneza chizungulire chenicheni mu matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zosiyana ndi zachilendozo? Mwachitsanzo, monga:

• Chophimba kapena maso opunduka
• Kumva kukomoka kapena kusakhalitsa kwakanthawi kochepa,
• Kuyenda kosakhazikika, kusakhazikika,
• Kulimbitsa kufooka, nseru, chisokonezo ndi kusakhazikika mumiyendo.

Zizindikiro izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, koma nthawi zambiri sizimalumikizana ndi chizungulire ndipo osazitsogolera.

Ngati matenda a shuga amayamba chizungulire, ndiye kuti ndi chizindikiro choyamba chodwala. Kuperewera kwa mpweya mu minyewa ya ubongo kumayambitsa kuwoneka ngati kupweteka m'misempha. Wodwalayo ali ndi mikhalidwe yolimbikitsa, yolumikizika bwino ndikuyang'ana malo, pali chofooka champhamvu.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kumachitika ndikusowa kwa insulin mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, pali kuchepa kwa khutu, kutsika kwa chikumbumtima. Popanda thandizo labwino, wodwala amatha kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuwonetsedwa koyamba kwa adani kumafunika kulumikizana ndi ambulansi.

Chithandizo - chachitali komanso mosalekeza

Munthu yemwe wapezeka ndi izi ayenera kuzindikira: ndizosatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu kutengera komwe kumadalira matenda. Mankhwala okhawo sangathandize - chakudya choyenera chofunikira. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala njira yatsopano ya moyo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga mulingo woyenera kwambiri (osapitirira 6.5 mmol / l), apo ayi mavuto ambiri sangathe kupewedwa.

Muyenera kuwunika momwe mulili ndi glucometer kangapo patsiku. Kuwongolera shuga kumathandiza kusintha msanga wa mankhwala ndi zakudya. Poyamba magawo a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, mumayenera kusinthira jakisoni wa mahoni kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri.

Mankhwala a insulin

Malangizo pochiza matenda amtundu II shuga amasankhidwa yekha. Masiku ano, mankhwala a insulin ndi njira yothandiza yolepheretsera matenda a m'magazi chifukwa cha mankhwala othandiza. Awa ndi mapiritsi a hypoglycemic Glyformin, Glucobay, Dibikor ndi Eslidin. Insulin ya jakisoni - Actrapid, Rinsulin, Insuman ndi ena.

Zinthu Zololedwa

Mfundo ya chakudyacho ndikupeza kuchuluka kwama calories ambiri ndi mafuta, kudya mafuta ochepa. Kenako kusinthasintha kwa glucose mu shuga wodalira insulin sikudzakhala lakuthwa. Kuletsedwa kotheratu kwa zakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi komanso zotsekemera. Ngati mutsatira lamulo ili la zakudya, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono.

Muyenera kudya pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, mumapikisano a 5-6. Zakudya zotetezeka komanso zopatsa thanzi ndizophatikiza:

• masamba msuzi kabichi, supu, msuzi wa beetroot, borscht, okroshka,
• phala (yochepa)
• nyama yokonda, nkhuku,
• nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja,
• masamba (mbatata),
• mkaka wopanda mafuta ndi mkaka,
• mankhwala osalala
• zipatso zabwino ndi wowawasa,
• zakumwa - ndi zotsekemera,
• wokondedwa

Cholesterol ya akazi pambuyo pa 60

Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa cholesterol mwa akazi ndikokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Koma zikafika pakusiya, chaka chilichonse chizindikirochi chimayamba kukula. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mwa akazi komwe kungakhale kudzera mayeso a labotale.

Mulingo wa cholesterol wamagazi mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 uli pamtunda kuchokera 4 mpaka 7 mmol / l. Kuyambira 65 ndi akulu, kuchuluka kwakukulu m'magazi a cholesterol kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 7.9 mmol / L.

Ngati chizindikirocho chikukulira malirewa, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amitsempha chikukwera kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kufunsa thandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri. Mitundu yachulukidwe kachulukidwe lipoproteins wazaka 60-65 zaka zimasiyana mkati mwa 2,5-5.8 mmol / L. Ali ndi zaka 65, amatsika pang'ono ndipo amakhazikika pamtunda wa 2.3 - 5.7. Ma HDL atatha zaka 60 akhazikitsidwa mumtundu wa 0.9-22 mmol / L.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumasintha. Pali chizolowezi chokweza pang'ono mu chisonyezo ndipo izi zimatengedwa ngati zomwe zimachitika.

Kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane mkhalidwe wa cholesterol mwa amayi pambuyo pa zaka 60, kuyang'anira ma labulamu pafupipafupi ndikofunikira.

Mukamasulira zotsatira za kusanthula, dokotala ayenera kuganizira osati zaka za wodwalayo, komanso zinthu zina.Izi zimaphatikizapo nyengo, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda ndi oncology.

Gulu lamavuto

Zambiri zimathandizira kukulitsa cholesterol yamagazi mwa azimayi atatha zaka 60. Zomwe zikudziwikitsa kwambiri ndi izi:

• Heredity - ngati m'modzi wa makolo ali ndi vuto la mbiri ya lipid, ndiye malingana ndi malamulo a genetics mwana angalandire.
• Zakudya sizofunikira kwambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi malo oti zikhalepo. Pafupifupi 350 mg ya cholesterol patsiku imalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya. Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi chakudya chosokonekera, ndiye kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chambiri, mayonesi komanso soseji, komanso zinthu zophikira buledi.

• Hypodynamia kapena zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi - zimakhudza mwachindunji kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya lipid chifukwa cha kuperewera mphamvu kwa metabolism. Ndikulimbitsa thupi mokwanira, mawonekedwe a lipid amafika pabwino pakapita nthawi.
• Kunenepa kwambiri ndi funso lofunsidwa ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi cholesterol yambiri komanso ngati pali kulumikizana kulikonse ndi izi. Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu opitilira theka la anthu onenepa kwambiri ali ndi vuto lalikulu.
• Mavuto mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - ntchito ya gawo la endocrine ndi cholesterol ikugwirizana. Mwadzidzidzi malisidwe azitsamba
• Ndi zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi ndi impso, palinso chizolowezi chowonjezera mafuta m'thupi.
• Mankhwala - pali magulu a mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi metabolism yamafuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala ena a mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa cholesterol yamagazi yonse.

Zambiri zomwe zimawonetsa pang'onopang'ono m'mbiri ya wodwalayo, ndizochulukirapo kuchuluka kwa mbiri ya lipid m'thupi lake.

Pansi mafuta m'thupi

Kuchepetsa chizindikirochi m'magazi, choyamba timakhazikitsa zakudya zathu. Chakudyachi nchosavuta pakuchitika kwake. Choyamba, sitipatula chilichonse chokoma ndi kusokonekera. Mosamala, mutha kumwa timadziti ndi zipatso.

Komanso, ngati mungasankhe, ndibwino kudya chipatso chonsecho kuposa kumwa kapu ya mandimu, chifukwa thupi lidzalandiranso fiber.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Mafuta a nyama, nsomba, nyama zosuta, soseji, komanso mankhwala a lactic acid okhala ndi mafuta ambiri ayenera kupewedwa. Muyenera kusiyiratu mowa. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mowa kwambiri kumabweretsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu lipids "zoyipa".

Kuti muchepetse lipids m'magazi, onetsetsani kuti mumadya mafuta ambiri. Awa ndi masamba atsopano, zitsamba, nyemba, mbewu, ndi zina zambiri. Zogulitsa mkaka wobiriwira zimaloledwa kokha ndi mafuta ochepa.

Chowonjezera pa chakudya choyenera chimakhala masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusuta. Ngati, kutsatira zakudya komanso njira yoyenera kwanthawi yayitali, mapiritsi a lipid sabwereranso kwawoko, zidzakhala zofunikira kutengera kusankha kwa mankhwala.

Mellitus wosadalira insulin: ndi chiyani, mutani ndi izi

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, kapena osadalira insulini, ndimatenda a metabolic omwe amapanga shuga wambiri m'magazi. Izi zimachitika mwina chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni a kapamba, kapena chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho.

Potsirizira pake, akuti munthu amakula insulin. Ndipo izi ngakhale zili choncho kuti m'magawo oyamba a matendawo m'thupi, kuchuluka kokwanira kwa mahomoni kumapangidwa.

Chifukwa chake, matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amachititsa kuti ziwalo zonse ziwonongeke.

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudzana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga

Choyamba, timazindikira kuti shuga imadziwika ndi shuga yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu amamva zizindikiro monga kukodza pokodza, kutopa kwambiri. Zilonda zam'madzi zimawoneka pakhungu, zomwe sizingathetsedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a shuga amatha kukhala masomphenya, kuiwalika ndi kukumbukira, komanso mavuto ena.

Ngati matenda ashuga samayendetsedwa komanso kuthandizidwa molakwika, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri, ndiye kuti munthu amatha kufa asanakwane. Zomwe zimayambitsa Imfa ndi zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a mtima, kulephera kwa impso.

Mtundu wa shuga wosadalira insulini makamaka umakhala wazaka zapakati - patatha zaka makumi anayi. Posachedwa, komabe, matenda oterewa akuchulukira mwa achinyamata. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ngati matenda amtunduwu a shuga sawalandiridwa, ndiye kuti m'kupita kwa zaka zimadalira insulin ndikusungunuka kosalekeza kwa insulin m'thupi ndi kubwezeretsedwa koyipa kwa hyperglycemia. M'masiku amakono, izi sizimabwera kwa izi, chifukwa odwala ambiri amafa ndi zovuta chifukwa cha kusapezeka kapena chithandizo chosayenera.

Chifukwa chiyani thupi insulin

Ichi ndiye mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amalamulira glucose wamagazi. Ndi chithandizo chake, zomwe zili m'magazi zimayendetsedwa. Ngati pazifukwa zina kupangika kwa insulin (ndipo vutoli silingalipidwe ndi kubayidwa ndi insulin), munthuyo amafa msanga.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti mthupi lathanzi labwino kwambiri mulinso shuga. Imachitika mchimodzimodzi chifukwa cha insulin.

Pansi pa kuchitapo kwake, maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu amatambasula glucose ndikusintha kukhala glycogen. Ndipo kuti glycogen ibwerere ku glucose, glucagon ndiyofunikira, yomwe imapangidwanso m'matumba a kapamba.

Ngati mulibe glycogen m'thupi, ndiye kuti shuga imayamba kupangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imapereka kusintha kwa glucose kukhala mafuta, omwe amayikidwa m'thupi. Ngati mumadya zakudya zambiri zopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti magaziwo amakhala ndi insulini yambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yambiri m'magazi, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa thupi. Chifukwa cha zovuta zotere mu kagayidwe kazakudya, matenda a shuga amakula.

Werengani komanso: Kodi shuga imabadwa?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga

Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri munthu sadziwa za izi, ndipo matendawa amapezeka mwangozi. Mellitus wosadalira insulin amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kukumbukira zoipa
• kutopa
• Khungu
• kuwoneka kwa matenda oyamba ndi khungu la mafangasi (pomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa),
• ludzu lochulukirapo (zimachitika kuti munthu amatha kumwa mpaka malita asanu amadzimadzi patsiku),
• kukodza pafupipafupi (zindikirani kuti zimachitika usiku, ndipo kangapo)
• zodabwitsa zachilendo za kumva kugontha ndi dzanzi kumadera otsika, komanso poyenda - kupezeka kwa zowawa,
• kukulitsa kwa thrush, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuchiza,
• mwa akazi, kusamba kumaphwanyidwa, ndipo mwa amuna - potency.

Nthawi zina, matenda ashuga amatha kuchitika popanda chizindikiro. Kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa myocardial kapena stroko kumawonetseranso matenda a shuga osadalira insulin.

Ndi matendawa, munthu amayamba kulakalaka kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa maselo amthupi samatenga glucose chifukwa cha kukana insulini. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'thupi, koma thupi silingamwe, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwa maselo amafuta kumayamba. Ndi kusweka kwamafuta, matupi a ketone amawonekera mthupi. Fungo la acetone limawoneka m'mlengalenga lomwe munthu watulutsa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito matupi ambiri a ketone, pH yamagazi imasintha.Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri chifukwa choopsa chotupa cha ketoacidotic. Ngati munthu akudwala matenda ashuga ndipo wadya chakudya chochepa, ndiye kuti pH siyimatsika, yomwe siyimayambitsa kufooka, kugona komanso kusanza. Maonekedwe akununkhira kwa acetone akusonyeza kuti thupi limayamba pang'onopang'ono kusiya kunenepa kwambiri.

Zithandizo za anthu

Maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso mankhwala othandizira kunyumba atha kukhala othandiza:

1. Yerusalemu artichoke amagwira ntchito molimbikitsa odwala matenda a shuga. Tubers ndi bwino kudya zosaphika.
2. Dzira la nkhuku, limenyedwa ndi msuzi wa mandimu 1 (pamimba yopanda kanthu).
3. Kulowetsedwa masamba a mtedza (Bavaria ngati tiyi wokhazikika).
4. Mapira, pansi mu chopukusira khofi. Supuni ya ufa imatsukidwa ndi mkaka pamimba yopanda kanthu (njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga).

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amachepetsa pamaso pa anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wamphamvu. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya minofu, glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi maselo. Wellness, kusambira, kuyenda kapena kuyenda, kulima dimba, kulima minda kumatha kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulini, ndipo Mlingo wa jakisoni udzachepa.

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zabwino zochizira matenda ashuga zomwe zidapangidwa. Mpaka pano, ndi chisonyezo, ndipo cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa popanda kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zokha. Pali njira zochizira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndikusintha ma isanger a Langerhans, koma ntchito zotere ndi zovuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Ntchito zazikulu pochiza matendawa ndi:

• kukonzanso mwachangu kwa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya,
• kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa thupi,
• kuphunzitsa munthu kuti azikhala ndi matenda otere,
• kupewa komanso kuperekera nthawi yake chithandizo.

Zakuti shuga ndi chizungulire nthawi zambiri "zimayenda pansi" zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi. Imalipidwa m'njira ziwiri - mwa chakudya chokhwima komanso popereka insulin kuchokera kunja, jekeseni wosalekeza.

Munthu amaphunzitsidwa malamulo a kudziyang'anira pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kudziwitsidwa za zomwe amalimbikitsa, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi glucometer omwe alipo. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse a dokotala. Ngati izi sizingachitike, kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga sikungapeweke, zomwe zingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri - kuchokera pakufunika kuti muchepetse miyendo mpaka matenda amisala komanso khungu.

Thandizo loyamba

Zonse zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire mu shuga

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kungayambitse mseru, kutopa, komanso kufooka kwathunthu.

Pochulukitsa zomwe zidachitika kasanu, odwala amadandaula za mavuto moyenera, kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa, kupweteka kwa mutu.

Chizungulire chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a 2 amayamba chifukwa:

1. Kusala kudya tsiku lonse
2. Kubaya insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake kunyalanyaza kufunika kwazakudya,
3. Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi,
4. Kuchulukitsa kapena kusakwanira kwa insulin
5. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zochepa.

Nthawi zambiri chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga chimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe zanenedwa pansipa.

1. Mlingo wolakwika wa mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga. Izi zimayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic, kapena, Mosiyana, shuga wambiri. Milandu yonse iwiri imayambitsa zomwe tafotokozazi.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.
3. Hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zosayenderana ndi chithandizo cha matendawa. Mikhalidwe yopsinjika, maphwando osayembekezeka, matenda opatsirana amatulutsa thupi kuchoka pamwambo wawo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti metabolism ya carbohydrate ifike.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayambitsa kusowa kwamadzi, kutanthauza kuchepa thupi. Vutoli limaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kagayidwe kamene kamasinthidwa makamaka kusintha kwa zochita za anaerobic.

Anthu amamva izi ngati kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kukokana. Komanso panthawiyi, ubongo umayamba kudwala hypoxia, kusowa kwa oxygen. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikuphwanya mgwirizano, chizungulire komanso kufooka kwakukulu, kugona. Kuchita bwino kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Achibale komanso abwenzi apamtima a odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa za matendawa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wodwalayo samazindikira kusintha kwa shuga, ndipo munthu amatha kuwona kuti hypoglycemia yatsika kapena yawuka. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitha kukhazikika pamlingo wa shuga popanda kuyitanira ambulansi komanso kulandira zipatala kuchipatala, komanso kupewa kutaya chifuwa.

• Hypoglycemia - kutsika kwakuthwa kwamas shuga. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kutuluka kwamaso, kufooka komanso kugwira ntchito kwambiri. Zoyambitsa hypoglycemia:
  • nthawi yayitali pakusala kudya masana,
  • kulandira insulin yokumba pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena osakumwetulira pambuyo pake,
  • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
  • mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kusowa kwa insulini,
  • zoyipa zamankhwala
  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
• Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Wodwalayo amamva pakamwa pouma, kufunsa kukodza. Nthawi zonse ndimamva ludzu. Zonena za chizungulire zimatha ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
• Matenda oopsa komanso oopsa. Kudumphadumpha kwa magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Matendawa amawonekera ngati chotsatira cha kusokonekera mu mtima. Chizungulire chimachitika kuchokera mwadzidzidzi kusintha kukakamiza.
• Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa msana komanso mitsempha ya chithokomiro. Mulingo wamtima wa wodwalayo umakwera, kupanikizika kumagwera, kusabereka kumayamba, chizungulire.
• Matenda a shuga a retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina mwa odwala matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuphatikizika uku kumawonedwa mwa 85-90% ya odwala. Pamakhala kutha m'maso, "ntchentche", kutaya m'mitsempha. Ndi kuchepa kwa masomphenyawo, wodwalayo amakhala pamavuto osaneneka, zomwe zimatsogolera chizungulire.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani kapamba amaleka kupanga mahomoni ofunikira? Insulin yomwe imadalira matenda a shuga imachitika chifukwa cha zochita za chitetezo cha m'thupi. Amawona kuti ma cell a gland ndi achilendo ndikuwawononga. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin akukulira msanga muubwana, achinyamata, achinyamata. Matendawa amapezeka mwa amayi ena apakati, koma amadutsa mwana akangobadwa. Komabe, azimayi otere amatha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu II.

Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti? Pakadali pano, pali ma hypotheses okha. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amadalira insulin atha kukhala:

• matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
• matenda a autoimmune
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• chibadwire
• kusuta kwa maswiti
• onenepa kwambiri
• kupsinjika, kupsinjika.

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa munthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kosatha sikungakhale popanda zotsatira kwa nthawi yayitali. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa odwala onse ndi chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga 2. Ndikosavuta kupewa maonekedwe ake, koma kudziwa zomwe zimachitika, mutha kuyesetsa kupewa. Mwa zina zazikulu zoyambitsa chizungulire, ziyenera kudziwika:

• Mlingo wosankhidwa molakwika wa insulin, womwe umafunika pa matenda a mtundu woyamba, ndipo nthawi zina, jakisoni uyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.
• hypoglycemia yomwe imachitika ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic, komanso zakudya zosakwanira.
• dontho / kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima,
• neuropathy chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma neuron,
• hyperglycemia - chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochuluka, mahomoni osokonezeka amasokonezeka, thupi limasowa madzi ndikuyenda kwake kwa anaerobic metabolism.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo pazinthu izi:

• Mlingo wa insulin wosawerengeka molondola, popanda odwala a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga sangathe.
• Hypoglycemia - imadziwonetsa ndi kutsika kwakang'ono kwa shuga (glucose) m'magazi, chifukwa cha kudya kosakwanira.
• Hypoglycemia imakhalanso chotulukapo chomwa mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga.
• Kupitilira kwa glucose kosalekeza ku ubongo kumaonekera ndi ntchito yomveka bwino yachilengedwe chonse. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa chizungulire komanso kufooka kwathunthu kwa thupi komwe kumayambira mu shuga.
• Chizungulire mu matenda a shuga amathanso kuyenda ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhasmia, palpitations, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga.
• Hyperglycemia - shuga wambiri. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri kwa insulini kapena kusungika kwa jekeseni wa mankhwalawa, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsatiradi. Ndipo izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwa mahomoni.

Hyperglycemia imakhalanso yoopsa chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kusintha kwa matenda a anaerobic.

Kupereka kwa glycogen kumatha, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kumasokonezeka, chifukwa chake kufooka ndi chizungulire. Izi zimakhala zowala ndikuwoneka ngati kukokana komanso kupweteka m'misempha, monga lactic acid imadziunjikira.

Zofunika! Zozungulira wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulangizidwa momveka bwino za momwe angachitire ndi zizindikirozi kuti, poyambira chizungulire kapena hypoglycemia, amachotsa mwachangu zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupanga kuchepa kwa shuga.

Pofuna kuti wodwala agwere kapena kufa, jakisoni wa glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ketoacidosis imatha kukhala gawo lina la hyperglycemia. Monga lamulo, zimachitika mwa odwala omwe sawongolera njira ya matenda awo. Ndikusowa kwa glucose, thupi limayamba kuphwanya zomwe limasunga mafuta ndikupanga matupi a ketone mwachangu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa ketone mthupi, acidity yamagazi imachuluka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku izi:

1. kufooka
2. nseru
3. Fungo la acetone lamkati,
4. ludzu
5. kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
6. kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Kupatula ketoacidosis, jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchulukana m'makutu, kufooka kwathunthu, kumadetsa maso kumawonjezera chizungulire.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za ketoacidosis, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa kudzipereka kwanu kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizungulire kapena chizungulire. Chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga chimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuletsa kupititsa patsogolo ndikusinthanso njira ya matendawa, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda am'mbuyomu. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi moyo wongokhala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti kapena ma muffins. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi zaka 50-55.

Shuga ndi mankhwala opangira gawo la maselo. Kuti muzilowetse, mumafunikira insulin ndi ma receptor ake.Mu matenda a shuga, kulumikizana koona kumasweka, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka.

Mu thupi la munthu mumakhala timisempha timene timamwa shuga ndi kulowetsedwa. Tiziwalo tosadalira insulin ndi mathero a mitsempha, retina, komanso khoma lamkati lamitsempha yamagazi. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'misempha yodalira insulin.

Chizungulire chimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zodziwika bwino:

• Mlingo wosankha molakwika wa insulin,
• matenda ashuga a m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa nkhawa, palpitation komanso kutopa kwambiri,
• kutsika kwakukulu kwamisempha chifukwa chosowa chakudya (chikhalidwe chotchedwa hypoglycemia)
• zotsatira zoyipa pakumwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya shuga,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga ndende, i.e. hyperglycemia. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti kapamba sangakwanitse kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini kapena chitetezo chathupi sichingalephereke kupangira jakisoni wa mankhwalawa.
• kusowa kwa magazi
• matenda oopsa

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga

Pali zosankha zingapo za matenda. Endocrinologists muzochitika zamankhwala zamasiku onse zimasiyanitsa mitundu yayikulu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga: insulin-wate (I) komanso osagwirizana ndi insulin-II (II). Poyambirira, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa kapamba amapanga insulini yochepa kwambiri. Kachiwiri - chifukwa maselo sangathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito komanso amakumana ndi vuto la shuga.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga imakhala ndi zofananira zambiri. Amasiyana makamaka mu kuuma. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa I ndizowonjezereka, zowala ndipo zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi, mwachangu. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda amtundu II nthawi zambiri sazindikira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akudwala. General malaise imatha kubisa mosavuta kuzindikiraku. Komabe, matenda ashuga amadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu itatu yazizindikiro. Izi ndi:

• ludzu losatha
• kuchuluka kwamikodzo,
• kumverera kwamuyaya kwanjala.

Matendawa amatha kuwonetsa zina. Matenda awa ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri achikulire amapezeka:

• zilonda zapakhosi,
• "Iron" kulawa mkamwa,
• Kuuma ndi kusenda kwa khungu, matenda oyamba ndi fungus,
• mabala amachiritso aatali
• Kuchepetsa kuyamwa m'mapiri,
• mutu
• kupsinjika kumatsika
• kusowa tulo
• kuchepa kwa masomphenya
• kuthana ndi chimfine
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kusweka.

Mawonetsero azizindikiro

Chizungulire, mutu ukayamba kuzungulira, ndiye chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe odwala matenda ashuga 1 ndi 2 amadandaula nacho. Zomwe zimayambitsa vertigo poyamba komanso nthawi zonse zotsatila zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwathunthu, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa zida za vetibular ndi zovuta kuzungulira kwa ubongo.

Dizziness ya matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi kusanza, nseru, kapena kufooka kwakukulu. Kuti mumvetse bwino zomwe zili muzochitika zonsezi, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa uphungu wa wamisala. Monga lamulo, chithandizo chovuta kuchipatala chimakhala ndi ntchito yodziwika, mankhwala, komanso zakudya zamagulu.

Pakati chizungulire, zimawoneka kwa wodwala kuti zinthu zomwe zimamuzungulira zikuyenda mozungulira, wokonzeka kupindika, kapena malingaliro abodza adapangidwa kuti akutuluka. Bwanji osasokoneza chizungulire chenicheni mu matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zosiyana ndi zachilendozo? Mwachitsanzo, monga:

• Chophimba kapena maso opunduka
• Kumva kukomoka kapena kusakhalitsa kwakanthawi kochepa,
• Kuyenda kosakhazikika, kusakhazikika,
• Kulimbitsa kufooka, nseru, chisokonezo ndi kusakhazikika mumiyendo.

Zizindikiro izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, koma nthawi zambiri sizimalumikizana ndi chizungulire ndipo osazitsogolera.

Ngati matenda a shuga amayamba chizungulire, ndiye kuti ndi chizindikiro choyamba chodwala. Kuperewera kwa mpweya mu minyewa ya ubongo kumayambitsa kuwoneka ngati kupweteka m'misempha. Wodwalayo ali ndi mikhalidwe yolimbikitsa, yolumikizika bwino ndikuyang'ana malo, pali chofooka champhamvu.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kumachitika ndikusowa kwa insulin mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, pali kuchepa kwa khutu, kutsika kwa chikumbumtima. Popanda thandizo labwino, wodwala amatha kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuwonetsedwa koyamba kwa adani kumafunika kulumikizana ndi ambulansi.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu I

Kufotokozera za mtundu wina wa matenda omwe amadalira insulin ndi ntchito yosavuta kwa endocrinologist. Madandaulo a wodwala, mawonekedwe a khungu amapereka chifukwa chodziwitsira matenda, omwe, kenako, monga lamulo, amatsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso a labotale. Kuzindikira matendawa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ndi magazi ndi mkodzo.

- shuga (pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya),

- kulolera kwa glucose (shuga yodalira insulin iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi prediabetes),

Chithandizo - chachitali komanso mosalekeza

Munthu yemwe wapezeka ndi izi ayenera kuzindikira: ndizosatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu kutengera komwe kumadalira matenda. Mankhwala okhawo sangathandize - chakudya choyenera chofunikira. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala njira yatsopano ya moyo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga mulingo woyenera kwambiri (osapitirira 6.5 mmol / l), apo ayi mavuto ambiri sangathe kupewedwa.

Muyenera kuwunika momwe mulili ndi glucometer kangapo patsiku. Kuwongolera shuga kumathandiza kusintha msanga wa mankhwala ndi zakudya. Poyamba magawo a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, mumayenera kusinthira jakisoni wa mahoni kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri.

Mankhwala a insulin

Malangizo pochiza matenda amtundu II shuga amasankhidwa yekha. Masiku ano, mankhwala a insulin ndi njira yothandiza yolepheretsera matenda a m'magazi chifukwa cha mankhwala othandiza. Awa ndi mapiritsi a hypoglycemic Glyformin, Glucobay, Dibikor ndi Eslidin. Insulin ya jakisoni - Actrapid, Rinsulin, Insuman ndi ena.

Zinthu Zololedwa

Mfundo ya chakudyacho ndikupeza kuchuluka kwama calories ambiri ndi mafuta, kudya mafuta ochepa. Kenako kusinthasintha kwa glucose mu shuga wodalira insulin sikudzakhala lakuthwa. Kuletsedwa kotheratu kwa zakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi komanso zotsekemera. Ngati mutsatira lamulo ili la zakudya, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono.

Muyenera kudya pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, mumapikisano a 5-6. Zakudya zotetezeka komanso zopatsa thanzi ndizophatikiza:

• masamba msuzi kabichi, supu, msuzi wa beetroot, borscht, okroshka,
• phala (yochepa)
• nyama yokonda, nkhuku,
• nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja,
• masamba (mbatata),
• mkaka wopanda mafuta ndi mkaka,
• mankhwala osalala
• zipatso zabwino ndi wowawasa,
• zakumwa - ndi zotsekemera,
• wokondedwa

Zithandizo za anthu

Maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso mankhwala othandizira kunyumba atha kukhala othandiza:

1. Yerusalemu artichoke amagwira ntchito molimbikitsa odwala matenda a shuga. Tubers ndi bwino kudya zosaphika.
2. Dzira la nkhuku, limenyedwa ndi msuzi wa mandimu 1 (pamimba yopanda kanthu).
3. Kulowetsedwa masamba a mtedza (Bavaria ngati tiyi wokhazikika).
4. Mapira, pansi mu chopukusira khofi. Supuni ya ufa imatsukidwa ndi mkaka pamimba yopanda kanthu (njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga).

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amachepetsa pamaso pa anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wamphamvu. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya minofu, glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi maselo.Wellness, kusambira, kuyenda kapena kuyenda, kulima dimba, kulima minda kumatha kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulini, ndipo Mlingo wa jakisoni udzachepa.

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zabwino zochizira matenda ashuga zomwe zidapangidwa. Mpaka pano, ndi chisonyezo, ndipo cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa popanda kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zokha. Pali njira zochizira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndikusintha ma isanger a Langerhans, koma ntchito zotere ndi zovuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Ntchito zazikulu pochiza matendawa ndi:

• kukonzanso mwachangu kwa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya,
• kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa thupi,
• kuphunzitsa munthu kuti azikhala ndi matenda otere,
• kupewa komanso kuperekera nthawi yake chithandizo.

Zakuti shuga ndi chizungulire nthawi zambiri "zimayenda pansi" zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi. Imalipidwa m'njira ziwiri - mwa chakudya chokhwima komanso popereka insulin kuchokera kunja, jekeseni wosalekeza.

Munthu amaphunzitsidwa malamulo a kudziyang'anira pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kudziwitsidwa za zomwe amalimbikitsa, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi glucometer omwe alipo. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse a dokotala. Ngati izi sizingachitike, kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga sikungapeweke, zomwe zingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri - kuchokera pakufunika kuti muchepetse miyendo mpaka matenda amisala komanso khungu.

Thandizo loyamba

• idyani kapena imwani china chake (chokoma, chakudya, kapena chokoleti chokoleti),
• pangani zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi viniga,
• wodwala amafunika kugona (ngati ndi kama, kenako)
• Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza thandizo la kuchipatala.

Chakudya chopewera kwambiri zakudya ndicho njira yodzitetezera. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amaletsedwa ku mowa ndi ndudu, khofi ndi tiyi. Ndikofunikira kudya pafupipafupi, zolimbitsa thupi zazikulu ndizotsutsana.

Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira moyo wathanzi, kutsatira zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, katundu ndiovomerezeka moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amawerengera maphunziro a physiotherapy. Okhwimitsa kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumabweretsa bata boma.

Madzi olimbitsa thupi ayenera kusamalidwa, kupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi. Bicarbonates - zinthu zopangidwa ndi kapamba ndi kutulutsa asidi m'magazi. Kupanga kwawo kumacheperachepera thupi likafooka, ndikupangitsa insulin.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumwa 400 ml ya madzi osankhidwa musanadye. Madzi osavuta amakhala ndi phindu pthupi ndipo amalepheretsa chizindikiritso monga chizungulire.

Kodi pali chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga? Inde, inde. Kufooka ndi chizungulire mu matenda ashuga ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mikhalidwe yathupi lathunthu. Kuti mupewe ngozi yoopsa, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kumwa mankhwalawa, kumwa madzi ambiri ndikumvetsera pazizindikiro za thupi.

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: diabetsovet.ru

Kodi kudya ndi shuga?

Zakudya zoyenera za anthu odwala matenda amtundu uliwonse ndi zina mwa njira zothetsera ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupewa. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, kapena wodalira insulini, amafunika njira yosamalitsa posankha zinthu, popeza kuchuluka kwa glucose sikukonzedwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala pamtundu wa odwala matenda ashuga zimagawika m'magulu atatu:

1. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimaloledwa kuti zidyedwe mopanda malire. Izi zikuphatikiza - tomato, nkhaka, kabichi, sipinachi, zukini, kaloti, biringanya. Pafupifupi zakumwa zonse ndizololedwa - chikhalidwe chachikulu ndikuti mulibe shuga yachilengedwe.
2. Gulu lachiwiri lili ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira malire m'njira zina.Izi zimaphatikizapo nyama ndi nkhuku, nsomba, mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta opitilira 2%, soseji, mazira, zipatso ndi mbatata.
3. Gulu lotsirizali nthawi zambiri silabwino pakudya kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Mulinso nyama / nsomba, mafuta anyama komanso nyama zosuta, margarine, katundu wam'chitini, mtedza, njere, chokoleti ndi kupanikizana, mphesa ndi nthochi, zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Zokhudza chithandizo cha matenda

Mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulin umapezeka mu 90 peresenti ya milandu yonse. Ana anayi mwa asanu mwa odwala awa atha kunenepa kwambiri.

Pochiza matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchita molondola komanso molondola.

1. Zakudya zoyenera ndikukana zakudya zonse zokhala ndi michere. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sadzakhala ndi njala: amaloledwa kudya zakudya zamitima yambiri.
2. Maphunziro akuthupi okhala ndi katundu wochepa, osangalatsa, osatopa.
3. Kumwa mapiritsi kuti muwonjezere chidwi cha minyewa kupita ku ma pancreatic hormone. Mapiritsi aliwonse omwe amachepetsa shuga, makamaka omwe ali ndi sulfonylurea, ndi ovulaza.
4. Jakisoni wa insulin ngati pakufunika. Sizitanthauza kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kuwapewa ndipo asawadye nthawi iliyonse.

Mu shuga omwe samadalira insulini, kukana chakudya chamthupi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa thupi sililoleza. Muzochitika zopanda malire, izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga kufika pamlingo womwe umapezeka mwa anthu athanzi. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amatha kupindula ndi kuthamanga.

Kutsatira malangizowa, munthu, monga lamulo, safunika kubaya insulin.

Komabe, ngati zikuonekeratu kuti jakisoni sangathe kugawidwa ndi (matendawa ayamba), simukuyenera kuchedwetsa chithandizo cha insulini, koma yambani mofulumira.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga atatha kudya osaposa 6, ndipo koposa zonse - 5.3 mmol. Izi sizongopeka, koma chithandizo chokwanira cha matendawa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta pafupifupi zero.

Chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga: chizungulire mu matenda ashuga

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi matendawa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizungulire.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake wodwalayo ali ndi kufooka, chizungulire komanso momwe angapewere izi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo pazinthu izi:

• Mlingo wa insulin wosawerengeka molondola, popanda odwala a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga sangathe.
• Hypoglycemia - imadziwonetsa ndi kutsika kwakang'ono kwa shuga (glucose) m'magazi, chifukwa cha kudya kosakwanira.
• Hypoglycemia imakhalanso chotulukapo chomwa mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga.
• Kupitilira kwa glucose kosalekeza ku ubongo kumaonekera ndi ntchito yomveka bwino yachilengedwe chonse. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa chizungulire komanso kufooka kwathunthu kwa thupi komwe kumayambira mu shuga.
• Chizungulire mu matenda a shuga amathanso kuyenda ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhasmia, palpitations, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga.
• Hyperglycemia - shuga wambiri. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri kwa insulini kapena kusungika kwa jekeseni wa mankhwalawa, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsatiradi. Ndipo izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwa mahomoni.

Hyperglycemia imakhalanso yoopsa chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kusintha kwa matenda a anaerobic.

Kupereka kwa glycogen kumatha, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kumasokonezeka, chifukwa chake kufooka ndi chizungulire. Izi zimakhala zowala ndikuwoneka ngati kukokana komanso kupweteka m'misempha, monga lactic acid imadziunjikira.

Zofunika! Zozungulira wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulangizidwa momveka bwino za momwe angachitire ndi zizindikirozi kuti, poyambira chizungulire kapena hypoglycemia, amachotsa mwachangu zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupanga kuchepa kwa shuga.

Pofuna kuti wodwala agwere kapena kufa, jakisoni wa glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ketoacidosis imatha kukhala gawo lina la hyperglycemia. Monga lamulo, zimachitika mwa odwala omwe sawongolera njira ya matenda awo. Ndikusowa kwa glucose, thupi limayamba kuphwanya zomwe limasunga mafuta ndikupanga matupi a ketone mwachangu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa ketone mthupi, acidity yamagazi imachuluka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku izi:

1. kufooka
2. nseru
3. Fungo la acetone lamkati,
4. ludzu
5. kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
6. kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Kupatula ketoacidosis, jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchulukana m'makutu, kufooka kwathunthu, kumadetsa maso kumawonjezera chizungulire.

Iyenera kuwunika makamaka pakukhudzidwa kotere, chifukwa kumatha kudzetsa wodwala matenda ashuga.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za ketoacidosis, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa kudzipereka kwanu kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa.

Chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga - zingalephereke kuchitika?

Matenda a nthawi yathu amatchedwa matenda a shuga. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwathunthu kapena wachibale kwa mahomoni ena apadera - insulin, kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho.

Zotsatira zake, kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamasokonekera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi mkodzo kumawonjezeka, ndikuyambitsa kusokonezeka mu njira zina za metabolic. Zotsatira zake, chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga komanso Zizindikiro zina zosasangalatsa zimayamba kuzunza munthu pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.

Muzochitika zapamwamba, chikumbumtima chitha kusokonezeka, mpaka kutayika kwakanthawi.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala chizungulire

Zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire mu shuga

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa munthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kosatha sikungakhale popanda zotsatira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa odwala onse ndi chizungulire ndi matenda a shuga 2. Ndikosavuta kupewa maonekedwe ake, koma kudziwa zomwe zimachitika, mutha kuyesetsa kupewa.

Mwa zina zazikulu zoyambitsa chizungulire, ziyenera kudziwika:

• Mlingo wosankhidwa molakwika wa insulin, womwe umafunika pa matenda a mtundu woyamba, ndipo nthawi zina, jakisoni uyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.
• hypoglycemia yomwe imachitika ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic, komanso zakudya zosakwanira.
• dontho / kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima,
• neuropathy chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma neuron,
• hyperglycemia - chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochuluka, mahomoni osokonezeka amasokonezeka, thupi limasowa madzi ndikuyenda kwake kwa anaerobic metabolism.

Kulephera kuwongolera matendawa kumatha kubweretsa ketoacidosis, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe ndi fungo losakanikirana la acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwa wodwalayo. Chizungulire nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kufooka kwambiri, mdima mumaso ndi kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima. Pa chizindikiro choyamba cha ketoacidosis, ambulansi imayenera kuyitanidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Momwe mungathandizire munthu asanafike madokotala?

Chizungulire chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi chitha kuzindikirika ndikumva njala, kufooka, kugona, kukhumudwa, kuwona kawiri, kupha mphamvu pang'onopang'ono.

Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kudya kapena kumwa kena lokoma.

Ngati vuto silikuyenda bwino, mutu umapitiliza kupindika, kusanza komanso kusanza - kulimbikitsidwa kuyitanitsa ambulansi, chifukwa chizungulire cha matenda ashuga chizitha kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwamkati kwamanjenje.

Ndi chizungulire chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:

• kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopatsa chidwi,
• kamwa yowuma
• ludzu losalekeza
• kufooka, kulephera kukhazikika.

Hyperglycemia ndi chikhalidwe chowopsa chomwe chimafuna kulowererapo kwa akatswiri. Kuperewera kwa chithandizo chachipatala kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa kagayidwe kamchere wamadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatha kuphwanya kwa hyperosmolar. Kuthandizidwa ndi izi kumathekera kokha kuchipatala.

Hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia zimatha kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chithandizo chosakwanira, ngati zakudya zosatsatiridwa sizitsatiridwa

Kodi mungapewe bwanji chizungulire?

Monga lamulo, kupezeka kwa chizungulire kungathe kupewedwa mwa kusamala mosamala ndikuwongolera nthawi yonse ya matenda. Odwala ena omwe amatsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a madokotala mwina sazindikira kuti kudwala matenda a shuga kumachitika.

Kufunika kofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu sikuti ndi mankhwala, koma kudya mwamphamvu komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosalekeza. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda amtundu uliwonse a shuga amafunikira kuwunika shuga wawo wamagazi nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa cha mayendedwe amakono a shuga, izi zitha kuchitika mphindi zochepa.

Pambuyo povomereza matendawa, dotolo amakupangira chithandizo - nthawi zambiri zimakhala payekha, ndikofunikira kuti asasinthe pawokha pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic - izi ndizovala ndi kukula kwa hyper- kapena hypoglycemic coma. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Ayenera kukhala oyenera malinga ndi zaka za wodwalayo komanso momwe zinthu zilili. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga ndi chizungulire sikuti nthawi zonse amayenderana.

Kusankhidwa kwa mlingo wa insulin kumachitika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi

Ngati, ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo chambiri, momwe wodwalayo alili kale sizabwino, pali kusintha kosinthika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chizungulire, mseru ndi kufooka, muyenera kuonananso ndi dokotala. Mungafunike kuunikanso dongosolo lanu la chithandizo kapena kusintha momwe mulili pano.

Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin: chifukwa chake amakula komanso momwe angawongolere

0 Matenda a endocrine dongosolo ndi matenda a metabolic

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin kapena mtundu 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha hyperglycemia yoperewera chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi kufikira kuchitidwa kwa timadzi timeneti. Zotsatira zake, glucose samalowa m'maselo ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umachuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo. M'magawo oyamba a matendawa, insulini imapangidwa modabwitsa kapena ngakhale kuchuluka.

Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin: chifukwa chake amakula komanso momwe angawongolere

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatchedwanso "matenda okalamba a shuga," chifukwa, monga lamulo, amakula mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40. Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndipo matendawa, kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo kukupitilirabe.

Ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachitika m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, thupi limayamba kupaka shuga kudzera mu impso, pomwe zinthu zamagetsi zimachepa. Amayambitsa arrhasmia, pakamwa pouma, kupindika kwa minofu. Retinopathy, nephropathy, macroangiopathy amakula.

Amayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana:

• Kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri - malinga ndi ziwerengero, odwala oposa 80% omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri.
• Kudziletsa.
• Matenda a kapamba (kapamba, khansa ya kapamba).
• Matenda a ma virus (nkhuku, rubella, mumps, ndi zina).
• Zinthu zovuta.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni kagayidwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka chithokomiro, gren adrenal, ndi gitu.
• Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka.

Kuwunikira momwe zinthu ziliri

Mwina njira yayikulu yowunikira momwe thupi liliri ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndikutsatira zakudya zoyenera - chifukwa chamadongosolo olimbitsa thupi, mutha kusintha thupi ndikulimbitsa thupi ndikupewa zovuta za matendawa. Madokotala akuti ngati amadya mwamphamvu moyo wanu wonse, anthu odwala shuga osadalira insulin amathandizidwa popanda mankhwala.

Njira yayikulu yoyang'anira mkhalidwe wanu ndikutsatira zakudya zoyenera

Mfundo zoyambirira za kadyedwe 2 a matenda ashuga ndi monga:

• Zakudya zamagulu angapo komanso pafupipafupi (nthawi zosachepera 5-6 patsiku) chakudya.
• Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kugawidwa motere: kadzutsa woyamba, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya choyamba - 25% iliyonse, chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri - 15%, tiyi wamadzulo ndi chakudya chachiwiri - 5% iliyonse. Ndi chakudyachi, michere yomwe ili muzinthu zomwe zimapangidwira zimatengedwa m'njira yabwino, kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zotere zimathandiza kupewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia, yomwe imakhala yoyipa kwambiri pamene magazi a m'magazi amatsika kwambiri.
• Ndi hypoclycemia, munthu amayamba kufooka mwadzidzidzi, thukuta mopitirira muyeso, kumva ludzu losasunthika, manja ndi miyendo, ndikunjenjemera. Pakakhala chisamaliro chanthawi yake chachipatala, kukomoka, kusowa chikumbumtima, komanso kukula kwa vuto la kuchepa kwa thupi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta zoika moyo pachiwopsezo, muyenera kupereka chakudya champhamvu kwa wodwalayo zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga mwachangu kwambiri (mkati mwa mphindi 3-5) - pamenepa, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi zidutswa zingapo za shuga kapena msuzi wa zipatso nthawi zonse.
• Mukamalemba menyu, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi mndandanda wazomwe mukugulitsa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthamanga komwe chinthu china chimakweza shuga m'magazi.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadzidalira pawokha ayenera kukhala:

• Nsomba yamafuta ochepa, makamaka yophika kapena kuphika mu uvuni.
• Nyama yophika nyama yochepa.
• Nyama yankhumba yophika kapena yophika mu uvuni (chotsani khungu lisanachitike).
• Tchizi chamafuta ochepa komanso mkaka.
• Mazira a nkhuku - zidutswa 3-4 pa sabata.
• Macheke olimba omwe amakhala ndi mafuta osaposa 30%.
• Nyemba Zowiritsa.
• Kabichi (mwatsopano, yosemedwa), nkhanu, anyezi, adyo, zitsamba.
• Beets ndi kaloti m'malo ochepa.
• Maapulo, maula, mavwende, malalanje, ma tangerine ndi zipatso - zochuluka.
• Mphesa
• Mkate wakuda (rye, rye wophatikizidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu wam'maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri).
• Buckwheat oat, barele wa ngale, mapira (8 - 10 supuni patsiku).
• Madzi a phwetekere, tiyi wobiriwira.
• Khofi - wochepa.

Zotsatirazi siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zakudya za wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2:

• Shuga, wokondedwa, confectionery.

• Zakudya zotsekemera, zakumwa zokoma za kaboni, mowa.
• Magoli a tirigu, mpunga, mbatata.
• Zoumba, maapulosi owuma, nkhuyu, masiku, nkhuyu, apurikoti, mphesa, nthochi, ma Persimmon, vwende, chinanazi.
• Ufa wa tirigu woyamba ndi zinthu zake: mikate yoyera, ma pie, dumplings, dumplings, zikondamoyo.
• Nkhumba zamafuta, mafuta anyama, soseji za nkhumba.
• Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta onse achinyama.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi chizungulire: thandizo loyamba

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakonda kudziwa kukomoka komwe kungachitike. Odwala amadziwa momwe angachitire zinthu zotere. Komabe, pali nthawi zina pomwe wodwala sangathe kupereka thandizo pawokha.

Choyamba, timayitanira ambulansi. Zotsatira za kuukiridwa zimatha kukhala zosatsimikizika kwambiri. Tikudikirira adotolo, tichita zinthu zingapo:

1. Timakhala kapena kumuyika wodwalayo momasuka kuti athe kupuma.
2. Timapatsa wodwalayo kudya maswiti, maswiti kapena chidutswa cha shuga ndi choyenera.
3. Timatsegula mwayi wopita kumlengalenga. Ndi kuvunda kwambiri, timagwiritsa ntchito inhaler.
4. Tipanga jakisoni wa shuga - 40% yankho, ngati pali luso. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatenga nawo limodzi.
5. Ikani thaulo lozizira pamphumi pa wodwalayo. Ngati ndi kotheka, timapanga viniga vya viniga. Izi zimathandizira vasospasm ndikubwezeretsa kupuma kwa wodwalayo.
6. Apatseni wodwala piritsi yomwe imasintha njira za metabolic, mwachitsanzo, cinnarizine, mildronate, motilium.
7. Muyerekeze kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati lakuthwa kwambiri kapena kuchepa, perekani mankhwala okhazikika.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikofunikira kunyamula cholembedwa ndi malingaliro pokhapokha pakuwonekera, jakisoni wa shuga, mankhwala a vasodilator, inhaler.

Palibe amene angatetezedwe ku matenda ashuga, ngakhale atakhala ndi shuga yofooka.

Kanemayu akuwonetsedwa amafotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa mwadzidzidzi hypoglycemia. Momwe mungathane ndi matenda mwachangu komanso moyenera:

Njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi kupewa matenda a matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakakamizidwa kutsatira zakudya zinazake. Palibe zoletsa zambiri pazakudya zamitundu mitundu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya komwe kumadyedwa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsa thupi kuchuluka kwamadzi opanda mchere owonjezera kuti asunge mchere wamchere. Ndikofunika kupewa kuchepa kwamadzi.

Zikondazo zimabisa bicarbonate - yankho lamadzimadzi lomwe limathandizira chilengedwe. Ndikusowa kwa madzi mthupi, chitsulo chimachipanga choyambirira. Insulin ili pamalo achiwiri.

Kodi thupi limafunikira zochuluka motani? Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga amwe magalasi awiri am'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu komanso asanadye chilichonse. Madzi oyera okha ndi oyenera. Tiyi, khofi, timadziti tokhala ndi glucose timagwirizana bwino.

Mowa umangokulitsa zinthu. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mowa umakhazikitsa shuga poyamba. Koma m'mene zimalekeka, pali kuwonjezeka kwa glucose m'magazi chifukwa chakufooka.

Chomwe chimatengera matenda ashuga ndikuti thupi limatha kupirira shuga. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zokhala ndi "mchenga" Woyera sizimachotsedwa muzakudya. Mankhwala ali ndi mitundu yambiri yosankha zotsekemera.

Fotokozani malamulo oyambira chithandizo:

• tsiku lililonse olimbitsa thupi
• kusamala zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kutsatira zakudya
• kusunga madzi mosamala,
• kuwunika mwadongosolo kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• kulemba mayeso
• kukonza kwamaso ndi magalasi (ngati kuli kotheka),
• kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kumva (ngati mukumvetsera).
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
• kupewa kuchuluka kwambiri,
• kupatsa thupi mavitamini ndi michere (moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri).

Mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati chizungulire chimachitika pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuti mumupimidwe kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Dokotala wopezekapo amathandiza kuzindikira matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga komanso kupereka mankhwala kuti athetse vuto lomwe lingakhalepo.