Matenda a shuga ana: zimayambitsa, kuwonetsa matenda, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga kwa ana Ndi ma genetic. Kuti matendawa achitike, mwana ayenera kukhudzidwa ndi chinthu chakunja kapena chamkati:

• virus - rubella, mumps, cytomegalovirus, Coxsackie V, enterovirus, chikuku, Epstein-Barr, herpes,
• kudyetsa ndi mkaka kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe,
• kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu azakudya,
• opareshoni
• kupsinjika
• matenda okalamba a ziwalo zamkati, makamaka dongosolo logaya chakudya,
• chimfine pafupipafupi
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - prednisone ndi analogues, levothyroxine, nicotinic acid, beta-blockers, interferon, katemera ndi seramu, hydrochlorothiazide.

Nthawi zambiri, ana samapeza matenda a shuga okha, komanso matenda omwe ali ndi autoimmune limagwirira - chithokomiro, nyamakazi, lupus erythematosus, vasculitis. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri sakhala wamba., ana onenepa kwambiri, olimbitsa thupi, amachita diathesis.

Sekondale Amawoneka ndi kuphwanya ziwalo za endocrine dongosolo, kapamba kapenanso matenda osapweteka amatha kupweteka. Nthawi zambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi majini achilengedwe (Shereshevsky syndromes, Wolfram, Kleinfelter, Down ndi Lawrence), concomitant shuga mellitus.

Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi matenda apadera - matenda a neonatal shuga. Zikuwoneka, ngati lamulo, mwa ana omwe ali ndi masinthidwe amtundu, ubale ndi matumbo a mayi panthawi yapakati imadziwika. Zambiri mawonekedwe osakhalitsa (osakhalitsa). Mu mwana, mankhwala kapena osachiritsika, zizindikiro za matendawa zimazimiririka pamwezi wachinayi, ndipo zizindikiritso zasayansi zimasintha pakadutsa miyezi 7 mpaka 12.

Matenda a Neonatal

Zoneneratu zoyipa za wolimbikira (nthawi ndi nthawi) matenda a neonatal. Zimachitika ndi kupangika kwakanthawi ndi chikhululukiro, zimafunikira kukonza mosamala ndi insulin.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga:

• Choyamba. Chimatengera kuperewera kwa insulin. Izi zimabweretsa kuyambira mwachangu komanso koopsa kwambiri chifukwa chosowa insulin yokwanira.
• Chachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka muubwana wa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, okhala ndi magalimoto ochepa kapena a endocrine pathology.
• Matenda Aakulu Akulimbana ndi Matenda Aakulu (MODZI). Zikuwoneka ngati achinyamata, osadzipatula okha, amatuluka mofatsa.

Zizindikiro zoyambira Itha kuwoneka pazaka zilizonse, koma pali nthawi ziwiri matenda ashuga amapezeka pafupipafupi - kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 8 mpaka achinyamata. Mu mwana wokhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, nthawi zambiri kukula kwa zizindikiro kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana - chikuku, chimfine, hepatitis. Kukhazikika kumakhala kovuta, nthawi zambiri ketoacidotic kapena hyperglycemic coma imakhala nthawi yopezeka ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zoyambira:

• kukodza pafupipafupi, kugona,
• ludzu lakuya, mwana sangathe kuzimitsa ngakhale ndi madzi ambiri,
• Njala, nkhawa,
• kuwonda ndi zakudya zabwino.

More kutulutsa usiku kukodza, enuresis kumachitika. Mu makanda, chizindikiritso choyamba ndi chouma, ngati kuti chododola chakumaso, ndipo mkodzo umakhala womata.

Mwa ana, mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe chachiwerewere amachedwa, msambo umasokonezedwa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosokoneza pamtima ntchito, chiwindi chimawonjezeka.

Matenda a Neonatal a shuga amawonetsedwa motere: makanda amabadwa onenepa, owopsa, opanda chidwi kapena osasinthika. Poyerekeza ndi thanzi labwinobwino, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa thupi kumadziwika. Kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kununkhira kwakomoka kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa ndi khalidwe.

Fomu yokhazikika kuchedwa kwachitukuko sikuchitika, koma pali ludzu, chikhumbo ndi kukodza. Matenda osokonezeka m'mimba, kusokonezeka kwa chithokomiro, impso, mapangidwe amafupa, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso kubwezeretsedwa m'maganizo kumatha kupezeka nthawi imodzi.

Zowopsa za matenda ashuga:

• hypoglycemia (shuga yochepa),
• ketoacidosis (kudzikundikira kwa matupi a acetone).

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dontho la shuga:

• kufooka koopsa
• kukomoka
• thukuta
• kugwedeza thupi
• mutu
• nkhondo.

Ngati mwana sanalandire chakudya, ndiye kuti mumakhala chikomokere.

Matenda a shuga aubwana ndizowopsa atherosulinosis, myocardial ischemia (angina pectoris ndi kugunda kwa mtima), kuwonongeka kwamitsempha ya impso, retina, dongosolo lamanjenje, matenda amkati.

Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha matenda ashuga - shuga wambiri m'magazi (oposa 5.5 mmol / l). Imapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zitatu kutsimikizika kwa chizindikirocho masana. Ngati hyperglycemia (shuga wokwera) wapezeka, kuvomerezedwa koyeserera kumakhala ndi kuyesa kwa magazi pamlingo wa: insulin, proinsulin, C peptide, glycated hemoglobin, matupi a ketone.

Msempha umayesedwa ngati matupi a shuga ndi a ketone; ndi prediabetes, kuyesa kwa glucose kungafunike. An ultrasound imachitika kuti idziwe matenda a pancreatic. Posankha tsogolo la matenda a mwana, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ma antibodies omwe amapanga ma cell omwe amapanga insulin ndi glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) amachitidwa.

Njira zazikulu zochizira ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga - ichi ndiye chakudya choyenera komanso makonzedwe a insulin mwa mtundu woyamba, kumwa mapiritsi wachiwiri. Musachotsere zakudya zanu Zakudya zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, makamaka yoyera yoyera ndi shuga, chotsani mafuta a nyama mpaka kuchuluka.

Ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wa mahomoniwo uziwonetsa kupsinjika kwa munthu aliyense..

Chithandizo cha insulin ndi mwayi wokhawo wopulumutsa moyo wa mwana. Ana ambiri amaikidwa mankhwala otulutsa kamodzi kapena kawiri kuti akhale ndi shuga wambiri. Zachidule zimayambitsidwanso - theka la ola musanadye.

Njira ina yothandizira jakisoni ndi pampu ya insulinanagwiritsa ntchito makina a mankhwalawa munjira ziwiri - mabotolo (asanadye) komanso mosalekeza, omwe amatsimikizira kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni pakati pa chakudya.

Mtundu wachiwiri, kuwonjezera pazoletsa pazomwe zimapangidwira, kukonza kalori kumayambitsidwa kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri. Analimbikitsa tsiku lililonse kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kumwa mapiritsi kuti muchepetse shuga.

Pakukomoka kovutirapo, jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito ketoacidosis, ndipo kwa hypoglycemia, mwana wodziwa ayenera kumwa madzi, tiyi wokoma, kusungunulira maswiti kapena chidutswa cha shuga. Popanda chikumbumtima, shuga kapena njira yokhazikika ya shuga imatumizidwa.

Werengani nkhaniyi

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga ana

Zomwe zimatsogolera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizotsatira zamtundu. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa matendawa m'magazi ndi ma genetic omwe apezeka (mitundu yopitilira 40 yazindikirika), yomwe imapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuti matendawa achitike, mwana ayenera kukhudzidwa ndi chinthu chakunja kapena chamkati:

• virus - rubella, mumps, cytomegalovirus, Coxsackie V, enterovirus, chikuku, Epstein-Barr, herpes,
• kudyetsa ndi mkaka kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe,
• kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu azakudya,
• opareshoni
• kupsinjika
• matenda okalamba a ziwalo zamkati, makamaka dongosolo logaya chakudya,
• chimfine pafupipafupi
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - prednisone ndi analogues, levothyroxine, nicotinic acid, beta-blockers, interferon, katemera ndi seramu, hydrochlorothiazide.

Mukadziwika ndi provocateurs kapena chifukwa chosadziwika, chitetezo chamthupi cha mwana chimalephera kuzindikira maselo a gawo lachigawo cha kakhwawa kuti ndi ake. Izi zimabweretsa kupangidwa kwa ma antibodies ku ziwalo zawo ndikuyika ma antigen-antibody zovuta mu minofu yopanga insulin.

Zotsatira zake ndikuwonongeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta komanso kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa kumachitika panthawi yomwe sipangakhalepo minofu yogwira.

Matenda a shuga a sekondale amatha kuchitika ndi zovuta za endocrine system. Zikatero, maphunzirowa amatengera matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda: Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, pituitary adenoma. Pancreatitis yovuta kapena yosatha imatha kuyambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Nthawi zambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la genetic, mellitus wodwala wam'mimba amachitika. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yamaphunzirowa ndi Shereshevsky, Wolfram, Kleinfelter, Down ndi Lawrence syndromes.

Ndipo pali zambiri popewa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kubadwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Mwa makanda, pali mtundu wina wamatenda - matenda a neonatal. Ndi chifukwa chakuti maselo a pancreatic islets sanapangidwe mokwanira kapena alibe mawonekedwe, amapanga insulin yolakwika. Zikuwoneka, ngati lamulo, mwa ana omwe ali ndi masinthidwe amtundu, ubale ndi matumbo a mayi panthawi yapakati imadziwika.

Fomu yofulumira kwambiri (yakanthawi). Mu mwana, mankhwala kapena osachiritsika, zizindikiro za matendawa zimazimiririka pamwezi wachinayi, ndipo zizindikiritso zasayansi zimasintha pakadutsa miyezi 7 mpaka 12. Pali chiopsezo cha zovuta za metabolic mu ukalamba.

Matenda a Neonatal

Matenda oyipa kwambiri obwera chifukwa cha matenda a neonatal. Imakhala ndi kukokoloka kwakanthawi ndi kukhululuka, kumafunikira kukonza mosamala kwa shuga ya magazi kukwera ndi insulin.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Ana ambiri odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda. Chimatengera kuperewera kwa insulin. Izi zimabweretsa kuyambira mwachangu komanso koopsa kwambiri chifukwa chosowa insulin yokwanira. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika ndi:

• autoantibodies m'magazi,
• kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa maselo opanga insulin,
• kukhalapo kwa majini azomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamakono,
• kudalira kwathunthu jakisoni wa mahomoni,
• chizolowezi chokhala ndi matupi a ketone osakwanira kubwezeretsa mankhwala kapena motsutsana ndi matenda ophatikizika, kupsinjika ndi kukula kwa chikomokere.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umapezeka kwambiri muubwana wa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, okhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena a endocrine pathology. Pali mtundu wa matenda a shuga osagonjetseka (akulu). Zikuwoneka ngati achinyamata, osadzipatula okha, amatuluka mofatsa.

Zizindikiro za matendawa kwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuonekanso zaka zilizonse, koma pali magawo awiri pamene matenda a shuga amapezeka pafupipafupi - kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 8 komanso mwa achinyamata, ndiye kuti, pamlingo wambiri wa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukula kwa thupi. Mu mwana wokhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, nthawi zambiri kukula kwa zizindikiro kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana - chikuku, chimfine, hepatitis. Kukhazikika kumakhala kovuta, nthawi zambiri ketoacidotic kapena hyperglycemic coma imakhala nthawi yopezeka ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zoyambira

Kukayikakayika kwamphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya metabolism imachitika ndi mawonekedwe:

• kukodza pafupipafupi, kugona,
• ludzu lakuya, mwana sangathe kuzimitsa ngakhale ndi madzi ambiri,
• Njala, nkhawa,
• kuwonda ndi zakudya zabwino.

Kukodza kwakukulu kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, komwe thupi limayesa kulipirira, kuchotsa ndi mkodzo. Zimakhala zowonekera, kachulukidwe kamachulukana.

Ngati glucose akwera pamwamba pakhomo la impso, shuga wa mkodzo wapezeka. Masana, makolo sangakhale ndi chidwi ndi chizindikiro ichi, kukodza usiku kumatchulidwa kwambiri, enuresis imachitika. Mu makanda, chizindikiritso choyamba ndi chouma, ngati kuti chododola chakumaso, ndipo mkodzo umakhala womata.

Ludzu ndi chiwonetsero cha kuchuluka kwamkodzo potulutsa mkodzo komanso kuwonjezeka kwamadzi. Ana nthawi zambiri amadzuka usiku ndikupempha madzi akumwa. Kulakalaka kwabwino odwala matenda ashuga kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonda. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin ndi zotsatira zake:

• Zakudya zamafuta obwera sizimamwa
• shuga wambiri amatayika mkodzo
• kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kwachitika mwachangu
• kuchepa kwamafuta kumachitika

Chithunzi mwatsatanetsatane wachipatala

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zizindikiro zakunja:

• khungu lowuma, mucous nembanemba
  Pyoderma
• manambala okhala ndi otsika turgor (elasticity),
• miyendo ndi manja osakhazikika
• kupanikizana pakona pakamwa
• zotupa zotupa pakhungu,
• candidiasis (thrush) wa mucosa wamkamwa,
• maliseche
• totupa, mafinya, ziphuphu,
• matenda oyamba ndi fungus
• kupukusa khungu, kufupika kwa khungu
• pamasaya, pachifuwa ndi pamphumi pakhungu wamba,
• lilime lofiira.

Mwa ana, kuoneka kwachiwiri kwa machitidwe ogonana kumachedwetsedwa, mwa atsikana msambo umasokonekera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusokonezeka mu ntchito zamtima - systolic kung'ung'udza, mtima palpitations, ndi chiwindi kukulitsidwa.

Matenda a Neonatal

Ana amabadwa ndi vuto loonda, loopsa, kulakalaka kutsika kapena kusinthidwa. Poyerekeza ndi thanzi labwinobwino, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa thupi kumadziwika. Kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kununkhira kwakomoka kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa ndi khalidwe.

Pa fomu yokhazikika, kuchedwa kopitilira muyeso sikuli kwakhalidwe, koma pali ludzu lochulukirapo, kulakalaka ndi kukodza. Mwa ana, kutsekula m'mimba, kusokonezeka kwa chithokomiro, impso, mapangidwe amafupa, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso kubwezeretsedwa m'maganizo kumatha kupezeka nthawi yomweyo.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga

Kukula kwa matendawa muubwana kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Pankhaniyi, mikhalidwe yoopsa ikhoza kuwoneka:

• hypoglycemia (shuga yochepa),
• ketoacidosis (kudzikundikira kwa matupi a acetone).

Mkhalidwe woyamba umadzetsa kupsinjika, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kukhazikitsa mlingo waukulu wa insulin, kudumpha zakudya kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya moyenera. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dontho la shuga:

• kufooka koopsa
• kukomoka
• thukuta
• kugwedeza thupi
• mutu
• nkhondo.

Ngati mwana sanalandire chakudya, ndiye kuti mumakhala chikomokere. Kukhazikika koyamba kumapereka njira yoponderezera kwa chikumbumtima, kupweteka kumawonekera. Khungu likusungabe chinyezi, kutentha ndi kupanikizika ndizabwinobwino.

Matenda a shuga odwala

Ketoacidosis imachitika chifukwa chosakwanira insulin mankhwala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'malo mwa shuga wamafuta. Poterepa, matupi a ketone (acetone) amapangidwa, amakhala ndi poizoni kwambiri mu minofu ya ubongo. Mu ana, amapeza:

• kufooka wamba
• kugona
• chilakolako chochepa
• nseru
• kupweteka kwambiri pamimba
• kusanza
• kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa.

Ngati sanalandire, ketoacidosis imayambitsa chitupa cha tsiku. Kudziwitsa kwa mwana kumatha, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika, kugunda kwake kumakhala kofooka komanso pafupipafupi. Kupuma sikumakhazikika, kwamphokoso, mkodzo umaleka kutuluka. Coma imatha kubweretsa kumwalira kwa mwana. Popanda chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda oopsa a shuga kwa ana, chikomokere chimawonekera ndi lactic acid kapena hyperosmolar wokhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Matenda a shuga a ana amakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda am'mimba, myocardial ischemia (angina pectoris ndi kugunda kwa mtima), kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi a impso, retina, dongosolo lamanjenje, ndi matenda amkati.

Zizindikiro

Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (oposa 5.5 mmol / l). Imapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zitatu kutsimikizika kwa chizindikirocho masana. Ngati hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri) wapezeka, kuvomerezedwa koyesedwa kumakhudzanso kuyezetsa magazi kwa mulingo wa:

• insulin
• proinsulin
• Kuchokera peptide
• glycated hemoglobin,
• matupi a ketone.

Msempha umayesedwa ngati matupi a shuga ndi a ketone; ndi prediabetes, kuyesa kwa glucose kungafunike. Kuzindikira matenda a kapamba, ndimayeso a ultrasound.

Mukafuna kudziwa tsogolo la matenda a mwana wobadwira m'mabanja a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kapena movutikira kuti apeze matenda, kafukufuku wokhudza ma antibodies ku cell omwe amapanga insulin ndi glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) amachitidwa.

Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda

Njira zazikulu zochizira ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndizakudya zoyenera ndikuwongolera insulin yoyamba, kumwa mapiritsi wachiwiri. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic ziyenera kusayikidwa pambali pazakudya, choyambirira, ndizoyera ndi shuga. Ndikofunika kuti musazigwiritse ntchito kuphika ndikuphunzira mosamala mawonekedwe omwe agula. Komanso, chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwamafuta kagayidwe, mafuta a nyama amachotsedwa momwe angathere m'zakudya.

Chithandizo cha insulin ndi mwayi wokhawo wopulumutsa moyo wa mwana. Mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala ikapangidwa, imakhala yowopsa komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Ana ambiri amaikidwa mankhwala otulutsa kamodzi kapena kawiri kuti akhale ndi shuga wambiri. Zachidule zimayambitsidwanso - theka la ola musanadye, kuti chakudya chamafuta azisungidwa ku chakudya.

Njira ina yothandizira jakisoni ndi pampu ya insulini yopangidwira mankhwalawo ngati mwanjira ziwiri - bolus (musanadye) komanso mosalekeza, yomwe imafanana ndi kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni pakati pa chakudya.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa zoyambazo. Kuphatikiza pazoletsa pazomwe zimapangidwa, kukonza kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumayambitsidwa kuti muchepetse thupi. Ana amalimbikitsidwa tsiku lililonse kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kumwa mapiritsi kuti muchepetse shuga.

Pakukomoka kovutirapo, jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito ketoacidosis, ndipo kwa hypoglycemia, mwana wodziwa ayenera kumwa madzi, tiyi wokoma, kusungunulira maswiti kapena chidutswa cha shuga. Popanda chikumbumtima, shuga kapena njira yokhazikika ya shuga imatumizidwa.

Kuneneratu kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Mtundu wosakhalitsa wa matenda a neonatal shuga amatha kutha popanda chofufumitsa pofika chaka kapena kuwonetsa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba pambuyo pa zaka 25. Matenda osatha a ana akhanda ndi ovuta, popeza pali kusinthasintha kowopsa m'magazi a magazi, kovuta kukhazikika. Ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi majini, matulukidwewo amakayikira.

Zotsatira zake zosiyanirana kwambiri ndi insulin zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi kukwaniritsa gawo la glycemia (shuga yamagazi). Ngati zakudya zimatsatiridwa, kuphwanya malamulo a insulini yoyendetsedwa sikusiyidwa, mwanayo amayang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist, ndiye kuti zomwe akukula ndi thanzi sizosiyana kwambiri ndi zapakati pa anzawo.

Onerani vidiyo yokhudza ana ashuga ana:

Kupewera kwachitukuko

Ngakhale chiwonjezeko chowopsa cha ziwopsezo ndi kuchuluka kwakuwonetsedweratu pamlingo wake, kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana sikunayambike. Pakadali pano, mutha kudziwa kuwopsa kwa matendawa, kudziwa matenda a prediabetes. Kwa ana awa ndikofunikira:

• pewani kulumikizana ndi matenda oyamba ndi ma virus,
• tsatirani malangizowo pazakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zolimbitsa thupi,
• mwachangu lankhulanani ndi dokotala wa ana matenda aliwonse,
• kuwunika zolemba zamankhwala kagayidwe kazinthu.

Ngati banja lili ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo, pamenepo asanakonzekere kukhala ndi pakati, okwatirana ayenera kufunsira kwa genetics yakuchipatala.

Matenda a shuga ana amakhala makamaka chifukwa cha chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha kapamba. Mwana wakhanda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhalitsa chifukwa chakukula kwa limba. Matendawa amayambika ndi imfa ya pafupifupi maselo onse omwe amapanga insulini, motero mikhalidwe yoika moyo pangozi imayamba popanda kuyambitsa.

Ndipo izi ndizambiri za mahomoni somatostatin.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za pathology ndizochulukitsa mkodzo, ludzu, kuukiridwa ndi njala ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pazindikiritso, magazi ndi mkodzo zimayesedwa, ma ultrasound a kapamba amaperekedwa. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, insulini imafunika, ndipo chachiwiri, mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi ofunika.

Kodi matenda ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ndi ana ndiwo chachiwiri pakati pa matenda onse osachiritsika. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimabisika ndikuphwanya chakudya cha metabolism. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa kupangidwa kwa matenda ashuga, muyenera kumvetsetsa chomwe nthenda ili. Shuga kulowa m'thupi umawonongeka ndikukhala gulu la glucose, lomwe limakhala ngati gawo lofunikira lamphamvu kuti munthu akhale wabwinobwino. Insulin imafunika kuyamwa.

Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic, ndipo ngati pazifukwa zina pali kuphwanya ntchitoyi, ndiye kuti glucose imakhalabe momwe imakhalira.

Mitundu ndi Mafomu

Kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa ana, chimawonetsedwa monga mtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Choyamba, matendawa amagawidwa m'mitundu 1 ndi 2. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe zimatulukira, zomwe zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha mtundu uliwonse ndi.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba wa ana amakhala chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi, maselo a pancreatic atayamba kuzindikirika ngati owopsa komanso owononga chitetezo chawo. Mtundu wa matendawa nthawi zambiri umapezeka ndipo umakwiya chifukwa cha chibadwidwe, komanso kukhudzana ndi zinthu zakunja. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• matenda opatsirana
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• mavuto
• kudzikundikira kwa poizoni.

Ngati mwana wabadwa ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha matendawa ndikulephereka kupanga insulini, kudziwitsidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zakunja ndizofunikira. Mu gawo lomaliza, maselo oteteza chitetezo m'thupi amataya pang'ono pang'onopang'ono minofu yopanga insulin. M'mawa, shuga wa mwana amakhalanso bwino, ndipo akamaliza kudya zakudya zakezo zimawonedwa. Pakadali pano, kapamba amatha kulimbana ndi katundu, koma 85% ya maselo ikafa, matendawa amalowa.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimapangitsa kuti ana amagonekedwa m'chipatala ndi matenda a "ketoacidosis" kapena "ketoacidotic coma." Izi zimadziwika chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kwabwinobwino. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu matenda a autoimmune, komabe, kuwunika kolondola kwa zomwe adotolo azithandizira kupewa mavuto komanso kuwonongeka msanga kwa mtima. Mwana wodwala amayenera kumwa insulin moyo wake wonse.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda ashuga a 2 amadziwika kuti ndi matenda a okalamba, koma achinyamata adayamba kudwala matendawa pafupipafupi. Chofunikira cha matendawa ndikuti kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira, koma si yonse yomwe imadziwika ndi thupi. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi mahomoni amayamba kupangitsa kuti minyewa ituluke. Pakati pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kuzindikirika monga:

• kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri,
• kumangokhala
• kumwa mahomoni
• matenda a endocrine.

Makamaka chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga ndi cholowa chamtsogolo. Njira yamatenda amtunduwu makamaka ndi asymptomatic ndipo palibe kusintha kwapadera pakuwunika. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mu ana zimadalira pa zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi ndikuwongolera njira ya matenda oyanjana.

Matenda A shuga ambiri amapezeka mwa ana ochepera zaka 10. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimachitikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo pamtundu wa majini. Kwenikweni, matendawa amakhala ndi zovuta, poyamba mwana amatero popanda insulin yowonjezera.

Matenda a Neonatal a shuga amapezeka makamaka mwa ana osaposa miyezi 6, ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo ali ndi chibadwa.

Zomwe zimachitika

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Pali zifukwa zingapo za kukula kwake, pakati pofunika kutsimikizira:

• chibadwa
• chimfine pafupipafupi
• kudya kwambiri
• onenepa kwambiri
• kumangokhala.

Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana kumatha kuyikidwa pansi pamabadwa, popeza makolo omwe ali ndi matendawa ali kale ndi mwana wodwala. Pankhaniyi, matendawa amatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo kapena patatha zaka zochepa. Ndiowopsa kuwonjezeka shuga m'magazi mwa mayi nthawi yapakati. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zimadutsa bwino kwambiri kudzera mu placenta ndikulowa m'magazi a mwana, ndipo popeza zofunikira za mwana wosabadwayo zimakhala zochepa panthawi imeneyi, zochulukirapo zimadziunjikira mafuta osaneneka. Poterepa, ana amabadwa ndi kulemera kwambiri.

Kuledzera kwa chakudya chambiri cham'mimba chambiri kumabweretsa chakudya chambiri m'maselo a mwana omwe amapanga insulin. Zotsatira zake, amasungitsa malo awo mosamalitsa ndikuleka kugwira ntchito moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwambiri kwa insulin.

Pamene shuga wambiri alowa mthupi, owonjezera sachotsedwapo, koma amayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafuta. Ma mamolekyulu amachititsa kuti glucose processing receptors ikhale chitetezo. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale ndi insulin yokwanira, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuchepa.

Kukhala ndi moyo wotsika kumabweretsa kulemera, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga. Ndi chimfine pafupipafupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies nthawi zonse pofuna kuthana ndi ma virus ndi ma bacteria. Zotsatira zake, imatha kuyamba kuwukira maselo ake omwe, makamaka omwe amapanga insulin. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chake.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kwakukulu, matenda a shuga kwa ana amakula pasukulu kapena paunyamata, pamene kukula kwa thupi kumachitika mwa mwana. Popeza thupi limasowa mphamvu zambiri, ndiye kuti pa nthawi iyi pali zizindikiro za matenda. Mwa zina zazikulu za matenda ashuga mu ana zitha kuzindikirika monga:

• kuwonda kwambiri
• ludzu losalekeza
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kawirikawiri njala
• khungu louma, mawonekedwe a totupa ndi ma pustule,
• thukuta, chikwangwani chofiyira,
• mutu, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima.

Mwanayo amayamba kumwa zamadzimadzi zambiri, ngakhale nthawi yozizira komanso amadzuka usiku kuti athetse ludzu lake. Mukamamwa madzi ambiri, mkodzo wambiri umayamba kutulutsidwa, chifukwa shuga wambiri amamuchotsamo. Kuphatikiza apo, bedwetting nthawi zambiri imawonedwa.

Pakati pazizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a shuga kwa ana, kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi kuyenera kuwonetseredwa, chifukwa shuga imakhala ngati gwero lalikulu lamphamvu. Ndi matendawa, kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowa m'maselo amatsika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zakudya zawo zimachepa. Popeza kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mwana kumachepa, kumakhala koopsa, kufooka komanso kutopa msanga.

Zizindikiro

Ngati mukukayikira matenda, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa ana matenda a shuga, omwe akuphatikizapo:

• kuyesedwa ndi dokotala
• magazi ndi mkodzo mayeso a shuga,
• kuyeserera kwa shuga
• kayendedwe ka magazi a biochemical.

Ndikofunikira kuyesedwa ndi dermatologist, dokotala wa ana, gastroenterologist, Optometrist, endocrinologist. Kuyesedwa ndi kuyesedwa kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonetsa zoyipa zomwe zingachitike. Ultrasound ya ziwalo zamkati ingafunike.

Kuzindikira kwathunthu kumapangitsa kuti athe kupeza chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kupereka chithandizo chokwanira panthawi yake, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zakudya zapadera, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo ngati pangafunike, mankhwala a insulin ndi omwe adalembedwa. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumathandiza kupewa kukomoka komanso kufa kwa mwana.

Zochizira

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa ana zimadalira mtundu wake. Chithandizo chokwanira chimaperekedwa ndi endocrinologist. Kuchiza matenda a shuga kumatanthauza kutsatira mfundo monga:

• ukhondo wa mucosa ndi khungu,
• kusewera masewera
• zakudya mankhwala
• thandizo lamalingaliro.

Pochiza matenda a shuga 1 mwa ana, chithandizo chamankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza maselo a pancreatic satulutsa insulin yokwanira, muyenera kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kulingalira za kupezeka kwa glucose molingana ndi kudya, chifukwa ngati thupi ligwiritsa ntchito masheya onse amwazi, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njala.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kulinganiza zakudya zoyenera za mwana, popeza kusala kudya sikuvomerezeka. Zakudya zazing'ono ziyeneranso kumwedwa pakati pa zakudya zazikulu.

Chowunikira ndikuwunikira tsiku ndi tsiku shuga wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito ma glucometer apadera. Muyenera kusunga diary yapadera, yomwe imawonetsa chakudya chatsiku, zochitika zodetsa nkhawa, chifukwa zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi zipangitsa kuti adotolo asankhe chithandizo choyenera.

Njira ina yochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 ndikuwonjezera kapamba, chifukwa izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino ndikuchotsa kufunika kwa insulin.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchitira chithandizo cha matenda omwe amayambitsa. Izi zidzachotsa zazikulu zazikulu za matendawa. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kutsatira kadyedwe. Pankhaniyi, mwana ali ndi insulin m'thupi, koma muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kudumpha kwadzidzidzi mu glucose.

Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chakudya chamafuta pang'ono ndikuchotsere zakudya zamitundu yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, makamaka, monga Amaril, Maninil, Diabeteson, amafunikira. Mankhwala amafunikira kuthandizira chiwindi, makamaka, monga Essential Forte N, komanso mafuta opendekeka, omwe amapanga mafuta acids.

Kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Trental ndi Vazinit kukuwonetsedwa. Ma tata a Vitamini amafunikanso. Kupatsa mphamvu maso, Taurine adalembedwa. Amino acid iyi imakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, komanso imathandizira kuyang'anira retina. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sangataye moyo wawo, ndichifukwa chake makolo ayenera kuwalimbikitsa ndi zitsanzo zawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimatengera gawo lomwe adapeza.Ngati mwana ali ndi vuto la chikomokere kapena ketoacidosis, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amachitika kuchipatala komwe amadzala amawayika njira zothetsera kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, kubwezeretsa kapangidwe kamwazi ndi magazi, ndipo mlingo woyenera wa insulin umasankhidwa. Kuti muchiritse, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi glucose ndi insulin.

Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zakudya zomwe muli ndi matenda ashuga mwa ana amtundu woyamba, popeza kuchuluka kwa insulin makamaka kumatengera zakudya. Endocrinologist amapanga menyu wapadera, poganizira zaka, kulemera, kuopsa kwa njira ya matendawa.

Popeza chithandizo chikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi insulin, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi yamitundu iwiri, yomwe ndi, bolus kapena basal. Insulin yofikira mwachidule imatha kudziwika ngati "Humulin Regulator" kapena "Humalog". Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi Russia zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Bolulin insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ndipo nthawi yayitali yochita pafupifupi maola 4-8. Amapangidwira kuthira kwa michere yomwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya.

Insulin yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali imakhala yogwira mphindi 30 pambuyo pa jakisoni ndi kumatha maola 20-30. Ndalama zoyambira zikuphatikizapo Ultratard-NM, Humulin-NPH, Insuman Bazal, ndi VO-S.

Mwana amafunikira kuphunzitsidwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino ndikusunga insulini. Ndikofunikira kuti azindikire kuti ali ndi udindo chifukwa chathanzi lake ndipo amadziwa kufunika kwa jakisoni, chifukwa moyo wa munthu umadalira izi.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin kuwerengeka molakwika, ndiye kuti mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia ungayambike. Kuchepetsa shuga sikungokhala chifukwa cha kuwerengetsa magazi mosayenera. Zakudya zamagulu ochepa zamagulu ochulukirapo komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi mochulukirapo zingathandizire izi.

Kuwerengedwa kwa zigawo za mkate

Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira malangizo ena kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera moyo wawo ndikukweza bwino. Ku Europe, pafupifupi chilichonse chimangosonyeza zokhala mgulu wama mkate. Izi zimathandiza iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kusankha chakudya chawo popanda mavuto.

Mutha kuwerengera pawokha mkatewo. Zakudya zonse zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta. Ndalamayi iyenera kugawidwa ndi 12 ndikuchulukitsidwa ndi kulemera komwe kwawonetsedwa pamaphukusi. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mwa ana zimatanthawuza kuletsa kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa, chifukwa zolakwa zilizonse zimatha kuyipa m'moyo wabwino.

Magazi amawongolera

Mwana wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika shuga nthawi zonse. Mwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri yosankha yazogulitsa, kotero mutha kuyisankha potengera zosowa zanu. Popeza chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba komanso zodalirika.

Mwana akakhala wocheperako, glucometer amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makolo kuyeza misempha ya glucose, ndipo akakula, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangacho pawokha, kotero mapangidwe ake ayenera kukhala osavuta momwe angathere. Chida chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chili ndi ma stripes apadera oyesa. Komabe, tsiku lotha ntchito liyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Zingwe zopitilira zimatha kubweretsa zolakwika zomwe zingakhale zowopsa kwa mwana wodwala matenda ashuga.

Zovuta zotheka

Mavuto a shuga amatha kukhala pachimake komanso mochedwa. Mavuto apakhungu amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yamatendawa ndipo amafunika thandizo mwachangu. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• hyperglycemic chikomokere
• hypoglycemic coma,
• zotsatira zamkati.

Hyperglycemic coma imakhazikika chifukwa chosowa insulini. Amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo kugona, kufooka kumawonedwa, ludzu ndi kukodza kumakulirakulira. Kuphatikiza apo, pamatha kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Hypoglycemic coma imachitika ndi bongo wa insulin. Amayamba kwambiri, popeza khungu limanyowa nthawi yomweyo, mwanayo amakhala wonenepa, ana ake amachepa, chikhumbo chake chikukula. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumudyetsa kapena kubaya jekeseni wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala olumala, chifukwa amakhala ndi ziwalo zambiri zamkati. Pakati pazovuta za matendawa, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa:

• ophthalmopathy
• nephropathy
• arthropathy
• mitsempha
• encephalopathy.

Mu shuga mellitus, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zam'mimba kumawonedwa. Zimadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic kapena kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe acuity. Zowonongeka zimaphatikizidwanso, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kupweteka kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa kayendedwe kayendedwe kake.

Encephalopathy imabweretsa kusintha kwa psyche ndi momwe mwana amakhalira, zomwe zimawonetsedwa posintha mwachangu, kusakhazikika kwina komanso kuyambika kwa kupsinjika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mitsempha kumawonedwa. Mavuto ndi owopsa, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kumalandira mankhwala pafupipafupi, kutsatira zakudya, komanso kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kupewa matenda

Ngakhale kuti palibe kupewa matenda ashuga mwa ana, komabe, kuti muchepetse kupezeka kwa matendawa kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kupewa kupsinjika, khazikitsani kuuma, yikani mavitamini.

Ndikofunikira kuyeserera koyeserera munthawi yake kuti muwone ngati zingachitike munthawi yovuta.