Kodi shuga amatchulidwa mankhwala "Insulin"

Kodi insulin imalembedwa liti? Funso ili limavutitsa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mankhwalawa amafunika kulipirira kuchepa kwa mahomoni ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera chiopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta zowopsa.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, omwe matendawo amapitirirabe chifukwa chodalira insulin, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumakhala, osakokomeza, nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa. Kukana kutero kwaiwo kuli ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu 2 amayikidwa jakisoni pokhapokha pazochitika zina. Nthawi zina, nkokwanira kwa iwo kumwa mapiritsi omwe adalembedwa ndi adokotala ndikuyamba kudya.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zifukwa zazikulu zoperekera jakisoni wa insulin kwa odwala.

Kodi kwenikweni ndi insulini iti

Sikuti nthawi zonse odwala amafunikira chithandizo cha mankhwalawo. Komabe, nthawi zina amayenera kutenga pang'onopang'ono kapena kusinthana ndi chiwembu chokhazikika.

Pali matenda angapo komanso matenda amomwe timadzi timadzi timene timayikiratu. Kodi tikunena za matenda ati?

Choyamba, izi, ndizachidziwikire, ndizosawerengeka za matenda ashuga 1 (amatchedwa kudalira insulin). Kuphatikiza apo, jakisoni atha kufunikira:

chikomokere (diabetes, hyperglycemic, hyperlactacidemic),
ketoacidosis,
matenda ashuga.

Njira yotsiriza ndi mtundu wa matenda. Amayamba kupezeka mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kusalinganika kwa mahomoni. Chizindikiro chotsogolera cha matenda ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe amapezeka ndikatha kudya ndikubwerera kuzinthu zofunikira pamene kuwunika kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Matenda a shuga a Gestational (GDM mwachidule) amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta. Zina zinthu zimasintha matendawa:

chakudya
zotakasuka.

Kupewa matenda kumatanthauza kuyesa mayeso a glucose atenga amayi apakati. Amapanga makamaka pakatikati pa sabata la 24 ndi 28. Mwambowu ndi wofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri GDM imakhala chifukwa cha ubongo kapena matenda a mtima mwa ana.

Amayi amtsogolo akuyenera kuzindikira kuti ndizosatheka kukana jakisoni ngati atchulidwa ndi dokotala. Kumwa insulini sikumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa zilizonse. Pambuyo popuma pamtolo, mankhwalawo nthawi zambiri amasiya.

Kodi zikusonyeza chiyani kuti kubayidwa matenda ashuga ndi matenda amtundu 2?

Jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amathandizira amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ngati apeza matenda asanabadwe.

Anthu omwe akudwala mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, insulin imayikidwa pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya milandu. Izi zimachitika ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 akapeza:

kuti chithandizo chamankhwala ofatsa kwambiri sichothandiza,
nephropathy
kubwezera kwambiri
Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa insulini (kuwonda mwadzidzidzi, ketoacidosis),
matenda opatsirana (oopsa kwambiri a purulent-septic),
pachimake mitundu ya macrovascular complication (kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko),
Magazi otsika a C-peptide apezeka kumbuyo kwa mayeso olimbitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito glucagon.

Momwe shuga imaperekedwa ndi insulin

Ngati tikulankhula za odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu 2, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za izi:

mulingo wa glycemia (wokhala ndi thupi lililonse) pamimba yopanda kanthu - mkati mwa 15 mmol / l,
ngati BMI yochepera 25 kilogalamu pa m2 - 7.8.

Mwambiri, muyenera kusinthira majekeseni, ndipo chizindikirocho chikatha nthawi yayitali, ngakhale mutamwa mapilitsi. Mukakhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zonse zimakhala zovuta - ngakhale wodwala atakhala ndi shuga wamagazi mkati mwa 6 mmol / l, muyenera kubayira mankhwalawo.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kuyambitsidwa kwa mahomoni kumawonetsedwa, pamene mayesowa akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwazofunikira kwambiri:

kudya glycemia - 5.1,
mutatha kudya - 7,
madzulo komanso musanadye - 5.1.

Amayi onse amatengedwa ngati gulu lowopsa la GDM ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

m'magazi kuchokera chala - kuyambira 4,8 mpaka 6 mmol / l,
mu venous - 5.3-6.9.

Kupezeka kwa ziwerengero zotere kumafunanso cholinga chowonjezera shuga.

Matenda a shuga - mitundu

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, choyambirira, zimasiyanasiyana pakulidwe. Mpaka pano, insulin imapangidwa:

ndi yochepa
pafupifupi
chokhalitsa.

Amasiyananso kuyeretsa:

monocomponent pafupifupi wopanda extraneous inclusions,
onenepa amakhala ndi zodetsa zazing'ono.

Zinthu zina zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Koma othandiza kwambiri amawonedwa kuti ndi insulin yaumunthu. Pakadali pano, adaphunzira kuiphatikiza pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apadera a jini. Ilinso ndi katundu wofunikira kwambiri - kuchepa kwapansi.

Insulin "Yofupikitsa" imabayidwa kale kapena musanadye chakudya. Amayamba kuchita mphindi 15 pambuyo pake. Pafupifupi, mlingo umodzi ndi wokwanira kwa maola 8. Peak magazi ndende zimawonedwa pambuyo 2 kapena 3 maola.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ayenera kutumikiridwa kawiri patsiku - m'mawa komanso asanagone. Kuchepetsa shuga kumayamba pambuyo pa maola awiri. Insulin yosungidwa yotulutsa kachilomboka imaphatikizidwanso kawiri pa tsiku. Amayamba kugwira ntchito atatha maola 6.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala enaake ndikofunikira kwa dokotala.

Kuwerengera Mlingo

Monga nthawi zina zambiri, kusankha kwa mlingo woyenera kumapangidwa malinga ndi kulemera kwa wodwalayo. Kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kufalikira kwa ziwalo zodwala matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Mu magawo oyamba, ndimatenda a mtundu 1, nthawi zambiri muyezo wa insulin mumasankhidwa kuti asadutse mayunitsi 0,5 pa kilogalamu.

Ndi shuga wothandizidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwake kwa mankhwalawa sikupita 0.6 / kg.

Muzovuta kwambiri, mayunitsi 0,7 nthawi zambiri amafunidwa.

Ndi shuga wowola, 0,8 imaloledwa.

Ngati tikulankhula za matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti timavomerezedwa kudula ndi 1 kilogalamu pa kilogalamu.

Kufunika kwa chithandizo

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kupanga insulini kumachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo minyewa yake imayamba kugwira ntchito ndi timadzi timeneti, timene timaphatikizika. Kuti akonze zakuphwanyazo, kapambayu amayenera kugwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Katundu wambiri pang'onopang'ono amatuluka pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ngati chakudya chamagulu sichinawonedwe.

Mavuto amtundu wa Endocrine:

kunenepa
kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni
zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka
chotupa mu kapamba.

Odwala ambiri amawopa kusinthana ndi jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa insulin yoyesera ndikuyesera kuchedwetsa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, mankhwalawa sangathandize kuti thupi likhale bwino, komanso kupewa matendawa.

Zinthu Zakutha

Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulini mwachangu, ndipo amalipira matenda ashuga. Madokotala samazindikiritsa wodwalayo ngati akudwala matenda a insulin, kumayambiriro kwa zamankhwala kuyesera kubwezeretsa ziwalo kuti zigwire ntchito m'njira zina. Ngati zotsatira zomwe sizingatheke sizingatheke, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasiya kugwira ntchito, wodwalayo amapatsidwa insulin.

Zofunika! Popewa kuphonya nthawi yamtengo wapatali ndikuwongolera matendawa, wodwalayo amayenera kupimidwa magazi pafupipafupi.

Zifukwa za Insulin

Pali zifukwa zingapo pamene kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma horoni ofunikira ndikofunikira kuti matenda asinthe:

shuga wambiri, oposa 9 mmol / l,
kubwezeretsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mafuta ochulukirapo a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhudzidwa ndi odwala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amati zizindikiro za matenda ena zimadwala zina ndipo osakakumana ndi katswiri - za matenda opatsirana,
kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe owoneka, kutsekemera kwa cephalalgia, kuchepera mitsempha yamagazi,
kuphwanya kapamba, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 45,
kwambiri mtima ma cell
pachimake mavuto ndi kukula koopsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, malungo, ngati n`koyenera, kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni. Mankhwala a insulin amalola thupi kuthana ndi zovuta,
kumwa mankhwala osathandiza, kapena kuwamwa mopitirira muyeso.

Pankhaniyi, insulin yochita kupanga imayikidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mlingo umatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga

Pancreas wathanzi imagwira ntchito mosatulutsa, ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa insulin. Glucose yemwe amalandila ndi chakudya amawonongeka m'mimba ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Kenako, kulowa m'maselo, kumawapatsa mphamvu. Kuti ntchitoyi ipitirire popanda kusokonekera, kumasulidwa mokwanira kwa insulini ndi minyewa yoteteza kuzinthu za protein kulowa. Ngati mphamvu ya zolandilira imasokonekera ndipo palibe chokwanira, ndiye kuti glucose sangalowe mu cell. Vutoli limawonedwa mwa matenda ashuga a 2.

Odwala ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zizindikiro ziyenera kuyamba insulin. Pafupifupi 6 mmol / L m'magazi akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zimayenera kusintha. Ngati zizindikirozo zikufika 9, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana thupi kuti mupeze kuwonongeka kwa glucose - werengani chomwe ndikuphwanya kulekerera kwa shuga.

Mawuwa akutanthauza kuti njira zosasinthika zimayamba zomwe zimawononga ma cell a beta. Othandizira a glycosylating amalowerera kupanga mahomoni ndipo amayamba kudzipanga payekha. Ngati kukayikira kwa katswiriyu kwatsimikiziridwa, njira zingapo zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwa njira zakuchiritsira kudzatenga nthawi yayitali kutengera kutsatira kwa malamulo kwa odwala komanso kuthandizidwa ndi dokotala.

Nthawi zina, kufupikitsika kwa mankhwalawa ndikokwanira kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin. Koma nthawi zambiri amayenera kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin

Wodwalayo ayenera kuganizira kuti ngati pali chizindikiro cha insulin, kukana chithandizo ndi ngozi kwa thanzi komanso moyo. Thupi lomwe limazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga limawonongedwa msanga. Pankhaniyi, kubwerera kumapiritsi ndikotheka pambuyo panjira ya chithandizo (maselo amoyo a beta akadakhalabe m'thupi).

Insulin imayendetsedwa pamlingo wokhazikika komanso mlingo. Tekinolo zamakono zamankhwala zimapangitsa njira yopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukhala yopweteka. Pali ma syringe osavuta, zolembera ndi ma syringe ndi singano zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa chake munthu amatha kupanga jakisoni ndi chitonthozo chachikulu.

Pakaperekedwa insulin, akatswiri ayenera kuwonetsa malo omwe thupi limatsatiridwa bwino: m'mimba, m'miyendo ndi m'munsi, mabatani. M'magawo amtunduwu, wodwalayo amatha kupereka jakisoni popanda thandizo lakunja - momwe angabayire insulin.

Zofunika! Ngati glycemia idalembedwa panthawi yopereka magazi, ndipo zisonyezozo zidapitilira 7 mmol / l mukamamwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga komanso kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, ndiye katswiriyo amakuyambitsa kufalitsa kwa ma horoni opanga ma cell kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito.

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russia Academy of Medical Science idatha kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipira mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka Meyi 18 (kuphatikiza) nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

Choonadi ndi nthano

Ndi mtundu wodwala wa shuga womwe amadalira insulin, munthu amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin mosalekeza. Koma ngakhale ndi mtundu wachiwiri, kayendetsedwe ka mahomoni amadziwika nthawi zambiri. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi mfundo yoti chithandizo chimayamba kukhazikika podzibayira. Kuopa njirayi, mantha omwe amva kwa abwenzi, chisangalalo ndi malingaliro zimatha kusokoneza thanzi lathu. Adotolo ayenera kuthandizira wodwalayo, kumufotokozera kuti iyi ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo lomwe anthu mazana ambiri amapita.

Insulin yongopangidwira imakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha pazovuta za shuga, pomwe kapamba imaleka kugwira ntchito ngakhale pang'ono. Ndi chithandizo chake kuti mafuta amthupi amalowa m'maselo, ndipo popanda zinthu izi munthu sangathe kukhalapo. Maselo a beta akamwalira, ndikofunikira kubaya mankhwalawo. Pewani jakisoni sizigwira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, ndi kudziwitsidwa kwa poizoni, kugunda, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kukha magazi kwa zotupa zitha kupezeka. Kutsatira malamulo onse a chithandizo kudzakuthandizani kukhala wathanzi labwino komanso kutalikitsa moyo wake kwazaka zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amamwa insulin amadwala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Samalumikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, koma ndi zozizwitsa zamatenda, momwe mitengo ya shuga imatha kukula kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwamphamvu muyezo womwe dokotala watchulidwa, chifukwa odwala ena amakhulupirira kuti amalangizidwa kuti apange jakisoni wambiri. Zotsatira zake, odwala matenda ashuga amayang'aniridwa ndi matenda akulu:

zilonda pamapazi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku minofu necrosis (imfa), gangrene ndi kuduladula,
kuona kwakanthawi, khungu - matenda ashuga retinopathy,
Kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi impso - matenda ashuga nephropathy,
mtima pathologies, atherosulinosis, stroke, kugunda kwamtima,
chitukuko cha oncopathologies.

Pofuna kupewa kapena kuletsa kukula kwa matenda awa, muyenera kubayira insulin m'mavoliyumu omwe atchulidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri osachita nawo pakusintha kwa mankhwalawo.

Kumayambiriro kwa kukhazikitsa mahomoni opanga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita jakisoni 1-2 patsiku. M'tsogolomu, mlingo umasinthidwa ndi endocrinologist:

amaganizira kufunika kwa mankhwala usiku,
mlingo woyambayo umakhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa,
Mlingo wa insulin yam'mawa amawerengedwa. Poterepa, wodwalayo adumpha chakudya,
pakufunika insulin yofulumira, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusankha asanadye chakudya chachikulu,
Mukafuna kudziwa Mlingo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masiku apitawa,
wodwalayo akulangizidwa kuti adziwe kuti ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji asanadye ma horoni yokumba.

Zotsatira za insulin

Jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zonse amabweretsa mantha achibadwa mwa anthu, zomwe zimabweretsa zochulukitsa kuopsa kwakumana ndi zovuta. Insulin ili ndi vuto limodzi. Ndi kusachita ntchito kwakuthupi, zimatsogolera ku chidzalo ndi mipando yowonjezera. Koma akatswiri akutsimikiza kuti izi zitha kuchitidwa.

Matenda a shuga amafunika kukhala moyo wakhazikika, wogwiritsa ntchito moyenera zakudya zoyenera. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magazi kukakhala kwabwinobwino, simuyenera kuyiwala za chizolowezi chodwala, kusokoneza kadyedwe, kugona, kupumula.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>