Mndandanda wa njira zopewera matenda ashuga ana, amuna ndi akazi

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamakono, pafupifupi 6% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda a shuga. Izi ndi ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa, chifukwa matendawa ndi m'gulu la matenda osachiritsika. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri amalosera kuwonjezeka kokwana 1.5 kwa anthu odwala pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa! Shuga ndiwabwinobwino kwa aliyense.Kukwanira kumwa makapu awiri tsiku lililonse musanadye ... Zambiri >>

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi gawo la bronze pakati pamikhalidwe yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa imfa. Matendawa ndi wachiwiri kwa zotupa zako ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa anthu onse kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi madera awo kuti azitha kudziteteza komanso kuteteza okondedwa awo kuti apewe matenda oopsa. Kodi kupewa matenda ashuga ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati matendawa apezeka kale, takambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga (wodalira insulin)

Zimadziwika ndi chakuti mahomoni a kapamba amapangidwa pang'ono kapena samapangidwa konse. Chifukwa chaichi, insulini silingathe kunyamula shuga kupita ku ma cell a thupi, pomwe, amakumana ndi "njala" yamphamvu. Thupi limayesera kubwezeretsanso mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, koma chifukwa cha izi ma metabolic omwe amapanga zinthu zakuluzikulu (ma ketones) amatulutsidwa m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa chikomokere.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda amtundu woyamba:

• cholowa
• matenda opatsirana
• mphamvu ya ma virus
• zovuta zakunja
• zolakwika zamphamvu.

Matenda a 2 a shuga (osadalira insulini)

Amayamba 80% ya odwala onse omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma". Ngati mtundu wa 1 wa matenda amisala wa ana ndi akulu, ndiye kuti mawonekedwewa amakhudza anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 45-50. Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asamadalire insulin ndizosadya kwambiri, kulemera kwa thupi, mphamvu ya kupsinjika, moyo wokhazikika.

Glucose simalowa m'maselo a thupi, osati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, koma chifukwa amasiya kuzimvera. Vutoli limatchedwa "insulin kukana."

Malinga ndi asayansi, kunenepa kwambiri ndiye chinthu chachikulu pakukula kwa matenda, chifukwa maphunziro azachipatala atsimikizira kuti kuchepa kwa thupi ngakhale makilogalamu 6-7 kumatha kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha matendawo.

Mfundo Zopewera

Pambuyo pofotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda, titha kupitiriza kufunsa momwe tingapewere matenda ashuga pokopa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Kuphatikizika konse kwa njira zodzitetezera kuli ndi zinthu izi.

Kupewa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba:

• kupewa ndi kuchitira panthawi yake matenda a ma virus,
• kusintha kwakhalidwe
• kukana kumwa mowa ndi fodya,
• kukonza zakudya
• kuwunika pafupipafupi shuga m'magazi mukamayesedwa.

Kupewa kwa matenda ashuga a 2:

• kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo m'zakudya,
• kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi,
• kulimbitsa thupi
• kupezeka pafupipafupi kwa ziwerengero zamatenda a glycemic panthawi yoyesedwa kuchipatala.

Madzi olimbitsa thupi

Kupewa matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalandilidwa m'thupi. Pofuna kuti asidi wa kulowererapo kwa asidi azitha kupezeka m'thupi la munthu, kuphatikiza mahomoni azimbudzi, ma bicarbonate okwanira amafunikira (amabwera ndi mayankho amadzimadzi).

Poyerekeza ndi maziko am'madzi, bicarbonate ikupitilizidwa kupangidwanso ngati njira yolipirira, ndipo insulin ingachepetse pakadali pano. Zotsatira zake zimakhala glycemia wamagazi kwambiri komanso gawo lotsika la zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi.

Zokonda zimaperekedwa kumadzi akumwa oyera opanda mpweya. Popewa matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati wachibale ali ndi matenda amtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse khofi, tiyi wamphamvu, zakumwa zochokera mu kaboni. Mitengo yovomerezeka ya mowa ndi motere:

• Kwa amuna - osaposa 100 g zakumwa zamphamvu (zamtundu wapamwamba!), osaposa chikho chimodzi cha vinyo wofiira wowuma,
• Kwa amayi - osapitirira 50 g zakumwa zamphamvu, zosaposa 150 g za vinyo wofiira wowuma.

Pewani mowa mu chakudya chonse, chifukwa chimapangitsa shuga m'magazi ngakhale munthu wathanzi, osanenapo za omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga mwa abambo, amayi ndi ana kumaphatikizapo gawo la kukonza kwa menyu pawokha. Malamulo ochepa oyambira adzakuthandizani kuti mudziteteze ku matenda ashuga komanso okondedwa anu.

Zokonda Zonse za Mchere

Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti zopangidwa ndi tirigu wathunthu zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, pomwe zopatsa zam'thupi, m'malo mwake, zimachulukitsa kangapo. Mbewu zonse zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yophatika ya chakudya - mafuta omwewo, koma omwe ali m'gulu la "zovuta".

Ma saccharides ovuta amapakidwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'matumbo am'mimba ndikuwonjezera shuga pang'onopang'ono mukatha kudya. Komanso, malonda awa amakhala ndi manambala ocheperako a glycemic, zomwe ndizofunikira kuziganizira mukamapanga menyu.

Mbewu zonse zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, michere, ma phytochemicals, zomwe ndizofunikira ngati chitetezo chachiwiri chikuchitika. Tikulankhula za anthu omwe ali kale ndi matendawa, koma akuyesera kuti ateteze kudutsa kwake komanso kukula kwa zovuta.

Zofunika! Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe mwazikidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso woyamba, ufa wa mitundu yatsopano ya mpunga.

Kukana zakumwa zotsekemera

Kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa kungakuthandizeni kupewa matenda ashuga. Amakhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti zoyipa zakumwa zakumwa motere:

• kulemera kwa thupi kumachuluka
• matenda opatsirana amakula,
• triglycerides ndi "zoyipa" cholesterol zochuluka
• kudziwa kwa maselo ndi minyewa pakuchitapo kanthu ka insulin kumachepa.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mafuta "abwino" muzakudya

Ponena za mafuta "abwino", tikutanthauza gulu lawo la polyunsaturated. Zinthu izi zimachepetsa cholesterol m'mwazi, zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda a mtima. Mafuta abwino amapezeka mu:

• nsomba
• mtedza
• nyemba
• nyongolosi ya oats ndi tirigu,
• mafuta a masamba.

Sankhani zina mwazogulitsa

Pofuna kuti musadwale ndi matenda ashuga, m'khitchini ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda, payenera kukhala ndi mndandanda wokhala ndi mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Maziko azakudya ndi:

• supu zamasamba
• nyama zamafuta ochepa, nsomba,
• mazira
• zopangidwa mkaka,
• phala
• masamba ndi zipatso.

Kukana kapena kuletsa kumwa kumathandiza kupewa matenda ashuga:

• nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba,
• chakudya zamzitini
• mankhwala osuta
• masoseji
• maswiti
• mafupa.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira ndikofunikira osati monga chofunikira poletsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa amayi ndi abambo, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athe kupeza chiphuphu ngati akudwala. Kumayambiriro kwa matenda am'mimba, ndikokwanira kukonza menyu payekha ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kangapo pa sabata kuti musayike zizindikiro za glycemia m'malo ovomerezeka.

Masewera amawonjezera kukhudzika kwa maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi la munthu kuti apange insulin, imalepheretsa kukula kwa pathologies ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, imathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa, imachotsa cholesterol "yowonjezera", komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kupsinjika.

Pofuna kuti musadutse koyambirira kwa matenda (ngati matendawa adachitika kale), zokonda zimaperekedwa:

Kupewa matenda ashuga

Amayi oyembekezera nawonso amadwala matenda ashuga. Ndi osiyana mawonekedwe - gestational. Matenda amtunduwu ali ndi makina otukuka ofanana ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda. Ma cell a mkazi motsutsana ndi tsogolo lakubala mwana amataya chidwi chake ndi zomwe zimachitika mu timadzi ta m'mapapo.

Pali njira zingapo zopewa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Mulinso:

• kukonza zakudya (mfundozo ndizofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi),
• zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi (atakambirana ndi a gynecologist),
• kuyang'anira pafupipafupi zizindikiro za glycemia - kunyumba mutha kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer, poyika mayendedwe azimayi amatenga mawunikidwe osiyanasiyana, kusanthula shuga, sayansi yamapangidwe amwazi ndi mayeso a glucose,
• pamwezi, ndipo kachitatu trimester, sabata kuwongolera kunenepa,
• kupewa kumwa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa insulin kukana (adrenal cortex mahomoni, nicotinic acid).

Pali lingaliro kuti ndizotheka kuletsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi anthu wowerengeka. Tikuyankhula zakuphatikizidwa muzakudya zamafuta azitsamba, kulowetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachokera pazomera zomwe zimapangitsa shuga kukhala yofunikira. Malingalirowa ali awiriawiri, chifukwa zochitika ngati izi sizithandiza aliyense.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Medical terminology ya matenda a shuga imanena za kutayika kwa ntchito ya kapamba, chifukwa sangathe kupanga insulin yokwanira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti kulowa kwa glucose ndi mashuga azinthu zopangidwa ndi chakudya zizipezeka m'maselo. Omaliza sangakhale opanda chakudya - ichi ndiye gwero la chakudya ndi mphamvu zawo. Popanda insulin, shuga amachitika m'thupi lonse, magazi ake amatuluka, ndipo hemoglobin metabolism imasokonekera.

Popanda kulowa mkati mwa cell, shuga amalumikizana ndi zimakhala zomwe sizimadalira insulini. Izi zimaphatikizapo ubongo, maselo amitsempha ndi mathero. Ndi shuga wambiri, amalandira zonsezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyipa kwamunthu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimatchedwa:

• cholowa - matenda amtundu woyamba amabadwa ndi chiopsezo chofika 7% kuchokera kwa amayi ndi 10% kuchokera kwa abambo, ali ndi matenda onse awiri, chiwopsezo ndi 70%, cha mtundu wachiwiri - 80% mbali zonse ziwiri ndi 100% ndi matenda a makolo onse
• kunenepa - ngati kuchuluka kwamthupi kwamunthu ndi kupitirira 30, ndipo kutaya kwamchiuno kupitirira 88 cm mwa akazi ndi 102 cm mwa abambo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha matenda,
• matenda a kapamba (kapamba) amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga,
• Matenda a ma virus - chiopsezo cha matendawa citha kuchulukitsidwa ndi rubella, nthomba, matenda amtundu wa hepatitis mwa anthu onenepa omwe alibe cholowa,
• Kupsinjika, moyo wongokhala, kudya kopanda thanzi, komanso kusayenda mokwanira mu mpweya watsopano kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga.

Madokotala amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga, omwe amasiyana mosiyanasiyana mwanjira ndi mwanjira yamankhwala:

1. Woyamba, kapena wodwala, yemwe amadzidalira, amadziwoneka yekha wazaka zilizonse, ngakhale ana. Amakhala mukuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin. Amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin pansi pa khungu.
2. Wachiwiri, kapena osadalira insulini, amakula pazaka, amapezeka mwa anthu akuluakulu. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumachitika - insulin imapangidwa, koma ma cell receptor amataya chidwi chake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kagayidwe kabwino. Choyambitsa chimatchedwa kunenepa kwambiri, mankhwalawa amatenga mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, kudya komanso moyo wabwino.

Madokotala amatchula zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a shuga oopsa, kulefuka m'mutu, chidwi ndi kuwona. Pambuyo pake adawonjeza:

• ludzu lakuya, losalekeza
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kusowa kwamadzi
• kumva kwamphamvu njala
• kutopa
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kuyabwa ndi mkwiyo pakhungu,
• kusowa pogonana
• chizungulire
• dzanzi ndi kubinya kwa miyendo,
• kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa matenda
• ng'ombe zamkaka,
• kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Kodi Mungapewe Bwanji Matenda A shuga?

Kutengera mtundu wa matenda (oyamba kapena achiwiri), kupewa kwake kumakhalapo. Pali malingaliro pa momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda a shuga 1:

• samalani ndikuwunika kwa endocrine system,
• Pewani rubella, mumps, chimfine, nsungu
• kuyamwitsa mwana kufikira chaka chimodzi ndi theka,
• pewani kupsinjika kwa mulingo uliwonse
• kupatula muzakudya zomwe muli nazo zowonjezera, zakudya zamzitini.

Poletsa matenda ashuga achiwiri, kapena osadalira insulin, pali njira:

• Nthawi zonse muziwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - zaka zitatu zilizonse pambuyo pa zaka 45,
• kuwongolera kulemera
• masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse
• Chotsani mafuta, okazinga, zonunkhira, zakudya zamzitini, maswiti m'zakudya,
• Idyani 4-5 pa tsiku, kutafuna chakudya bwinobwino.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Kutengera zaka zawo, madokotala amazindikiranso njira zopewera matenda ashuga. Popewa matenda a ubwana, muyenera:

• Tetezani mwana ku matenda opatsirana,
• Chotsani kupsinjika - zotukwana, kukambirana mwankhanza za mwana,
• kuwunika zakudya zoyenera,
• kuyamwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kupewa matenda ashuga achikazi kumasiyananso ndi matenda achimuna chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mahomoni. Muyenera kuchita izi:

• yang'anani zakumbuyo kwama mahomoni ndi endocrinologist ndi gynecologist,
• lawani thupi
• pewani kupsinjika panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati kuti musatenge matenda a shuga.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga mwa amuna sikosiyana kwambiri ndi akazi, koma pali malingaliro onse:

• onani dokotala kuti muone ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga,
• pitani m'masewera kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri,
• onetsetsani zakudya, koma osapereka shuga konse.

Muyenera kuganizira liti za kupewa matenda ashuga?

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingawonetsetse kuti munthu ali ndi vuto lotenga kachilomboka? Choyamba ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso ngakhale chizolowezi chofuna kunenepa kwambiri.

Dziwani ngati muli ndi vuto la matenda ashuga

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake momwe magawo anu alili mulifupi, muyenera kuyeza chiuno ndi m'chiuno, kenako gawani nambala yoyamba chifukwa yachiwiri (OT / V). Ngati chisonyezocho ndichoposa 0.95 (cha amuna) kapena 0.85 (kwa akazi), izi zikuwonetsa kuti munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo.

Dziwani ngati muli pachiwopsezo

Kuphatikiza apo, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipira thanzi lawo kwa iwo omwe adakumana ndi matenda a shuga m'mabanja, komanso azimayi omwe adalemera kwambiri panthawi yovala ndikubala mwana wolemera oposa 4 kg. Ngakhale zolemerazo zitabadwa ngati zabereka mwana atatha kubereka, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chimakhalapo kwa zaka 10, ndipo nthawi zina zaka 20.

Makanda akuluakulu ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndichofunika kwambiri popewa matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri sayenera kukhala ndi ludzu (njala imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi), ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadya zakudya zazing'ono zosachepera 5 patsiku.

Zakudya, zakudya zopatsa thanzi mpaka nthawi 5 pa tsiku

Zazinthuzi, zikuyenera kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: woyamba pazikhala zomwe zimachotsedwa muzakudya zanu zonse, chachiwiri padzakhala zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa zazing'ono (pafupifupi theka la nthawi zonse) ndipo, pomaliza, malonda kugwiritsa ntchito zopanda malire.

Kuti mudziwe molondola kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lotchedwa "mbale logawa". Ndiye kuti, theka la chakudya chilichonse liyenera kukhala masamba, 1/3 - mafuta ndi 1/3 - mapuloteni. Chakudya chamadzulo sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola 2 asanagone, ndipo sayenera kupitirira 20% ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu.

Momwe mungadyere bwino

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti chilichonse chomwe chimapanga chimakhala ndi chizindikiritso chake cha glycemic - chikuwonetsa momwe zimapangira chakudya chamafuta, chikasweka, kulowa m'magazi a anthu ndikusintha kukhala shuga.

Glycemic Product Index

Glycemic index - m'chiuno

High GI imatanthawuza kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi chakudya chamagetsi ("choyipa") chochepa, ndipo chochepa chikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa zovuta "zabwino" zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, za mikate yoyera, ma fried a ku France, uchi, ufa wa tirigu, GI amachokera ku 95 mpaka 100, ndipo cholembera chotsika kwambiri - 10-20 - kwa masamba ndi zipatso (broccoli, Brussels zikumera, anyezi, mandimu, tomato, ndi zina) .

Kusamala kwamadzi

Mfundo ina yofunika ndikusunga madzi mthupi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, kuphatikiza pa mahomoni akuluakulu, kapamba amapanga ma bicarbonate ion, omwe amapangidwira kuti achepetse asidi. Chifukwa chake, ndikusowa madzi amthupi, thupi limayamba kupanga kwambiri zinthu izi, ndikuchepetsa kupanga kwa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yovuta yogawa glucose, yomwe ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha maselo a thupi lonse, imangofunika kuchuluka kwa insulini yokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Malamulo a madzi akumwa

Kuti mukhale ndi madzi abwinobwino, muyenera kumwa magalasi awiri amadzi oyera m'mawa komanso musanadye chakudya chilichonse (ichi ndi chofunikira kwa munthu aliyense). Tisaiwale kuti sikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe madzi wamba ndi tiyi ndi timadziti, komanso zakumwa zambiri za khofi kapena kaboni - ndikofunikira kuchotsanso chomalizacho muzakudya ndi zakudya zoletsedwa.

Kofi, msuzi ndi koloko sizingasinthe madzi