Wofinya wakupha ", ndi wodwala matenda ashuga: Kodi chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndiotulukapo yanji?

"Wolephera kupha" - matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri amapezeka pokhapokha ngati pali matenda obwera kale, pomwe munthu ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kulumala kapena kufa. Chifukwa chovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa matenda, chifukwa ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kukula.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ndi owopsa pa thanzi la munthu aliyense, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukana kwa maselo amthupi kupita ku insulin. Palibe amene sangatetezedwe ndi matendawa, ndipo kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwoti kumadziwika kwambiri mochedwa, pomwe shuga wambiri wamitsempha amawonongeka impso, maso, mitsempha yamagazi, ubongo, mitsempha kapena mafupa, ndipo palibe zotsatira zoyipa. kupewa.

Ndikosatheka kuthana ndi "wakupha pang'onopang'ono" lero, kungodya zakudya zochepa komanso kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic kungalepheretse zovuta komanso kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo, koma njira yodalirika kwambiri yothanirana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuyipewa. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza munthu kuti asadwale matenda oopsawa. Ndipo ngakhale madokotala samamvetsetsa bwino chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga, amatchula molimba mtima za zoopsa zomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa, omwe aliyense angadziteteze pakutha.

Madokotala adatchula zinthu 6 zomwe zikuthandizira kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino mwa izi ndi kusuta, komwe kumachepetsa chidwi cha munthu kuti apeze insulin. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi vuto lotereli, ngakhale ena amalitenga, pomwe ena amakakamizidwa kuti azimwa mankhwala oopsa okha. Chinanso chofunikira ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, chifukwa zakudya zotsekemera komanso zamafuta zimasokoneza thupi lonse. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kapena wokhala pachiwopsezo mdani wowopsa, motero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu ogwira ntchito muofesi apange zibwenzi ndi masewera.

Mankhwala a Psychoactive omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amakhala ndi vuto. Ma antipsychotic, anti-ADHD ndi mankhwala a steroid amachitanso chimodzimodzi. Ndipo choyambitsacho chomaliza chimatchedwa kupsinjika kulikonse, kaya kwakuthupi kapena mwamaganizidwe, komwe, mwa njira, ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda onse ndikubwereranso.

Elena Alekseeva - mtolankhani wa RIA VistaNews

Kodi shuga wambiri umakhudza bwanji thupi?

Monga lamulo, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za shuga zimaphatikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, kotero muzochitika zina zilizonse ndizosatheka kutchula china chomwe chimapangitsa:

1. 
   mkulu shuga. Ngati masana amawonjezeredwa pafupipafupi (monga njira, kusinthasintha pang'ono ndikotheka), ndiye kuti mavuto sangapewe. Kwakanthawi, thupi lizigwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe zothandizira, ndiye kuti zilibe malire. Ngati muona zovuta zomwe zikuchitika panthawi yake, mutha kusintha. Koma choopsa ndichakuti ma pathologies amakula mwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi liwiro losiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsata dongosolo la mayeso owunika. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yakhalira wathanzi komanso wathanzi.
2. kusintha kwakukulu komanso kofunikira mu shuga. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa glucose masana ndi 5 mmol / l, mwa ana - 7 mmol / l.Kuthamanga kwa kuchepetsa shuga ndikofunikanso (mtengo wokwanira ndi 4 mmol / l). Ngati shuga amachepetsa msanga, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zitha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono monga kuwerenga kwa glucometer,
3. mawonekedwe ake. Zimachitika kuti zovuta zimayambika ngakhale ndi shuga yemwe walipidwa. Mwamwayi, izi zimachitika mosadukiza. Chomwe chimapangitsa chiwopsezo cha thupilo, ngati "cholumikizira chofooka". Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 5% ya anthu amakumana ndi zovuta zowonjezera ngakhale pang'ono pomwe shuga.

Ngati ndizosatheka kukopa chifukwa chomaliza mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti zoyambayo ndi zachiwiri ndizotheka. Choopsa kwambiri nthawi zonse chimakweza shuga.

Mavuto omwe amabwera ndi shuga wambiri amadziwika ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Mwambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti miyeso imapangidwa mosapangidwa. "Swing" wa shuga ndiwotchuka kwambiri pamitundu 1 ya matenda ashuga, popeza kuwerengera moyenera kwa mankhwala a insulini kumafunikira luso.

Amasilira odwala matenda ashuga "odziwa" zaka zingapo. Chinyengo chawo ndikuwopsa ndikuti samawonekera kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale ndi chithandizo choyenera, palibe chitsimikizo chotsimikizika kuti zotsatira zoyipa zitha kupewedwa.

Zokhudza mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi

Angiopathy- Ichi ndi chotupa cham'mimba, ndipo chimakula mwachangu kuposa zovuta zina.

Choyamba, kapangidwe ka minofu yam'mimba imasokonekera, kuthekera kwa atherosulinosis kumawonjezera, ndipo chiopsezo cha thrombosis chikuwonjezeka.

Kuphwanya patency yamitsempha yamagazi, kusintha kapangidwe ka makoma awo kumabweretsa kuti magazi omwe amapezeka ku ziwalo ndi kuperekera kwa zinthu m'thupi akuchepa. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi stroko, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga, chikuchulukirachulukira.

Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti mtima ma pathologies a mtima omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala ovuta kwambiri.

Zoopsa ku dongosolo lamanjenje laumunthu

Kuopseza mikwingwirima kunanenedwa kale. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la mitsempha monga polyneuropathy limapezeka nthawi zambiri.

Pansi pa mawuwa ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa miyendo kupweteka ndi kutentha.

Mkhalidwe umawonetsedwa ndi dzanzi ndi kumva kuwawa mu mawonekedwe a "magolovu" ndi "kusunga". Zosangalatsa zosasangalatsa zimakulitsa usiku. Zofooka m'mphepete zimayanjana ndi izi. Nthawi zina wodwala amazunzidwa ndi kupweteka kosalekeza.

Chomwe chikuwopseza ziwalo zamasomphenya?

Chopinga chofala kwambiri chamawonedwe ndi retinopathy. Ichi ndi chotupa kumbuyo kwa matenda ashuga a diso.

Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, kutuluka kwake kumachitika, kutupa m'matumbo. Masomphenya akuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale khungu lonse litatha.

Ngati "chidziwitso" cha matenda ashuga chiri pafupifupi zaka 20, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi retinopathy pafupifupi zana limodzi. Nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko a hyperglycemia, cataract imakulanso - kuthambalala kwa ndolo ya maso.

Makatikati ndi retinopathy amawopseza khungu.

Kukula kwa matenda a pakhungu, mafupa ndi miyendo

Matenda a shuga- Chimodzi mwazosasangalatsa, pafupipafupi komanso zowopsa za matenda ashuga.

M'dera lamapazi, zilonda zam'mimba zowonda, zilonda, mpaka malo a minofu yakufa, zimapangidwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba ndiz kuphwanya magazi pakhungu. Amachiritsa kwambiri. Zilonda zonsezi ndi khomo lotseguka.

Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusamalirabe ukhondo wamiyendo, kupewa msomali, ndikusankha nsapato zoyenera. Makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga, masokosi amasulidwa omwe alibe chingamu gwirofu mwendo.

Zowopsa pa impso ndi chiwindi

Kuchepa kwa impso kumapatsa nthawi yayitali. Matendawa (diabetesic nephropathy) amakula pang'onopang'ono, osawonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse zoyambira.

Pali magawo a shuga a nephropathy:

• Hyperfiltration - yowonetsedwa ndi aimpso hypertrophy, kuchuluka kwawo,
• microalbuminuria.Chizindikiro chowopsa ndikuwoneka mu mkodzo wa proteinin ya albin,
• macroalbuminuria - kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ochulukitsidwa mu mkodzo, matenda oopsa,
• kukula kwa aimpso kulephera.

Zochitika mu genitourinary monga cystitis, kwamikodzo umatulutsa timakonda.

Zokhudza kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome imachitika, limodzi ndi steatohepatitis, steatosis, kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe. Chofunika cha mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, kusinthika kwa maselo ake.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a matenda ashuga ndi amodzi mwa onse amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga 2. Pali mitundu yotere:

• ketoacidosis - Uku ndiko kudzikundikira kwa magazi a matupi a ketone - zinthu zamafuta kagayidwe. Amapezeka mwa odwala matenda a shuga 1. Zifukwa zake ndi kuvulala, zolakwika mu zakudya, njira zopangira opaleshoni. Ketoacidosis imawonetsedwa ndi kusazindikira, kuphwanya kwambiri ntchito za ziwalo zofunika,
• hyperosmolar coma. Vutoli limafanana kwambiri ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, nthawi zambiri mwa anthu achikulire. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magazi m'magazi a glucose ndi sodium, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi. Mawonekedwe: kumverera ludzu kwambiri, kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri,
• hypoglycemia - Kutsika kowopsa (nthawi zina mpaka kuchuluka kotsika kwambiri) pakupanga shuga m'magazi. Vutoli limadziwika ndi: kunjenjemera, thukuta kwambiri, mavuto azikhalidwe (monga kuledzera). Pokhapokha ngati pali njira zothandizira, kuchepa khungu, kukhumudwa, mpaka kukomoka. Hypoglycemia imatha kuledzera: kumamwa mowa, kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu, kumwa (makamaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo!) Mwa mankhwala ena,
• lactocidotic chikomokere - kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid m'magazi. Amapezeka odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, kuphatikiza matenda ashuga, aimpso, mtima ndi chiwindi. Imadziwoneka ngati dontho la kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusowa kwamikodzo, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima.

Matenda a matenda ashuga ndi nthawi yabwino yolowa kuchipatala. Ngati chithandizo sichingaperekedwe mkati mwa maola awiri, ndiye kuti matendawa amakhala owonjezereka.

Zambiri mwazinthuzi zikukula mofulumira. Chosiyana ndi kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar, kumapitilira pang'onopang'ono, mpaka milungu ingapo. Choopsa chachikulu ndikuti kudziwa zovuta izi sikophweka. Pali matenda ambiri okhudzana kotero kuti nkovuta kulingalira zowopsa.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zingayambitse panthawi yoyembekezera?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mayi woyembekezera komanso kwa mwana wosabadwayo, choncho kuyezetsa magazi kwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kuli kovomerezeka pa mimba ndi 5.1 mmol / l:

• 5.1-7.1 mmol / L - matenda osokoneza bongo,
• zopitilira 7.1 mmol / l - kuwonetsa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti, omwe adzatsalira mwana atabadwa.

Zoopsa zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

• kutupa kwa impso
• preeclampsia
• mavuto obadwa nawo.

Chiwopsezo chochotsa mimbayo chokha chikuchulukirachulukira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ili ndi gawo lachitatu la onse apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Cholinga chake ndi kukonzekera msanga kwa placenta, komwe kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa oxygen kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi owopsa bwanji kwa mwana?

Mavuto owopsa a matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata ndi ofanana ndi akulu: hyper-, hypoglycemic ndi hyperosmolar coma, ketoacidosis.

Pankhani yovuta yamavuto, imaphatikizapo:

• dongosolo lamanjenje - neuropathy, encephalopathy,
• impso - nephropathy,
• maso - retinopathy.

Kutsika kwa chitetezo chokwanira kumabweretsa matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chifuwa chachikulu.

Matenda a shuga ndi khansa: pali kulumikizana?

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Madokotala amakono akutsimikiza kuti chiopsezo cha kupweteka kwa ma neoplasms odwala matenda ashuga ndichokwera kuposa momwe zimakhalira anthu athanzi.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khansa ya prostate, zotupa za kapamba, impso, matumbo, komanso chikhodzodzo.

Matenda a shuga ndi Anemia

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa magazi (kuchepa kwa ndende ya hemoglobin) ndikuphwanya kwa impso ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa chinsinsi cha erythropoietin.

Maselo ofiira ndi abwinobwino ndipo kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Kuperewera kwa timadzi timeneti kumabweretsa kuwonongeka mu ntchito ya chifuwa chofiira, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ya hematopoietic. Zowonjezera zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi la shuga ndizosowa kwambiri wa mapuloteni omwe amachitika mu mkodzo ndi kuchepa kwa chitsulo.

Pamodzi ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mavitamini, erythropoietin amaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amachititsa kuti chithunzicho chikhale bwino.

Zokhudza chithandizo cha chimfine m'matenda a shuga: mapiritsi ndi zitsamba

Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amatha kutenga chimfine chifukwa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri pakumwa mankhwala.

Njira yabwino ndiyo kugwirizanitsa mapiritsi ndi adokotala. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kuzizira (mphuno yakumwa, chifuwa, mutu) kuthinira tiyi kapena madzi otentha ndikuphatikiza kwa ginger.

Kupewetsa kuzizira - kutenga vitamini C ndi mavitamini.

Chingachitike ndi chiani ngati simupeza matendawa?

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta "zachangu" za matenda ashuga, pali matenda ambiri amodzimodzi. Kunyalanyaza chithandizo kumatha kubweretsa kulumala kapena ngakhale kufa. Kuopsa kwa zovuta kumatha kuchepetsedwa ngati matendawa adalipira. Kodi mawuwa amatanthauza chiyani?

Kusankha kwa chitsimikizo chobwezerera zimatengera zinthu izi:

• zaka odwala
• "zinachitikira" za SD,
• kukhalapo kwa zovuta komanso zodwala matenda.

Kuwunikira boma ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira mulimonse. Oddly mokwanira, ndikungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ziyenera kukhala zowonjezereka, popeza chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimakulirakulirabe, osakhala mu mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri.

Ngati matenda a shuga akuphatikizidwa ndi matenda am'mitsempha, ndiye kuti "kuluka" kotero ndi kowopsa.

Nayi mfundo za shuga za "chandamale" zamagulu osiyanasiyana.

• palibe zovuta za matenda ashuga, palibe chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia - 6.5-7.5%,
• pali zovuta komanso chiopsezo chakuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga - 7.0-8.0%.

Njira zodzitetezera ndizofunikanso kwambiri:

• zakudya zoyenera. Sizinena za zakudya zatsopano. Ndipo chakudya, chomwe chikuvomerezedwa ndi katswiri wazakudya komanso endocrinologist, wopanda zakudya zachangu ndi chokoleti, chimapezeka kwa aliyense,
• zolimbitsa thupi. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchuluka kwake kwa sabata la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kumayenera kukhala maola 150. Uku ndikuyenda tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 30, masewera olimbitsa thupi aukhondo, kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga, kulimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotere.
• kukana kwathunthu mowa ndi ndudu,
• kudziletsa kosalekeza kwa kupsinjika, kulemera kwa thupi ndipo, zoona, shuga. Ndikofunika kusunga buku la odwala matenda ashuga, kuti muzilemba osati zowerengera zamagazi, zamkati ndi glucose, komanso zakudya. Izi zipangitsa kuti adotolo azindikire zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa chithandizo ndikusintha.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zokhudza zotsatira za matenda osokoneza bongo zomwe zalembedwa mu video:

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi aposa 300 miliyoni. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa mwa munthu aliyense payekha. Kugwirizana kokha ndi adokotala omwe akupezekapo, kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofunikira zonse kumapewa kupitirira kwa matendawa komanso zovuta zina.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amasintha mtundu wamitsempha yamagazi oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga. Imadziwonekera mu maonekedwe a aneurysms, edema, zotupa za m'maso, pambuyo pake, zosinthazi zimatha kuyambitsa zotupa mu fundus ndi retinal detachment.

Izi ndizovuta.Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika mukazindikira koyambirira. Mwambiri, ndizofala kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 kuposa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 - 1 matenda ashuga. Izi ndichifukwa choti T1DM imadziwika munthu akangodwala, ndipo miyezi ndi zaka zitha kudutsa T2DM isanadziwe.

Retinopathy ndichabwinobwino chifukwa ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimatsogolera ku khungu lathunthu.

Choyambitsa matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi shuga wokwanira.
Kusokonezeka kozungulira kumachitika koyamba m'matumba ang'onoang'ono, kuvomerezedwa kwa makoma a zotengera kumatsika, kumakhala kovomerezeka ndipo tinthu tambiri timadutsa popanda zovuta, zomwe ndi zotengera zokhazikika siziyenera kugwa mkati. Pang'onopang'ono, zotupa za retinal zimachulukirachulukira, ndipo zimatsogolera ku kukanidwa kwake.

Magawo a retinopathy
Magawo oyambilira a chitukuko cha retinopathy alibe zizindikiro, chifukwa chake, munthu akakumana ndi madandaulo aliwonse (kupweteka ndi kupweteka m'maso, kutsika kowoneka bwino m'maso) kwa katswiri, izi zikutanthauza kuti retinopathy yalowa kale m'magawo osasintha.
Pali magawo atatu ofunikira pakupanga retinopathy:

• retinopathy yopanda proliferative ndi gawo loyamba pamene zigawo zochepa za zotupa zam'mimba zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a aneurysms ang'onoang'ono, malo amdima, omwe amakhala m'mizere yayikulu. Retinal edema imapezeka pakati.
• preproliferative retinopathy - pakadali pano pali kupindika, kutsika kwa mitsempha. Njira zatsopano zamatumbo zimawonekera, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira.
• proliferative retinopathy - pakadali pano ma microbleeds ambiri apezeka kale, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumawonekera, kuyambiranso kwa retinal kumachitika. Zizindikiro za glaucoma zimawonekera.

Chithandizo cha retinopathy
Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za retinopathy, wodwalayo ayenera kulembedwa ndi dokotala wamaso ndipo amalandila nthawi yoikiratu.
Dokotala wamaso adzalembera chithandizo chomwe chingatheke panthawiyo, koma kubwezeretsedwa kwa matenda ashuga komanso zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ndikulipirira kwabwino shuga kokha komwe kumapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kuyimitsidwe.
M'magawo apakati a retinopathy, kusinthana kwa laser kukuwonetsedwa.
Popanda chithandizo komanso matenda osokoneza bongo omwe samawerengetsa, retinopathy imapangitsa khungu.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy ndi zotupa za zotengera komanso mitsempha ya m'munsi komanso m'munsi. Amapezeka pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Amawonetsedwa ndi dzanzi la manja ndi mapazi, kumverera koyaka, makamaka usiku. Mphamvu ya dzanja ndi kutentha ndi kupweteka pang'onopang'ono ikuchepa, lomwe likulimba. Izi zimabweretsa kuwoneka kwa mabala omwe, chifukwa chakuyenda bwino kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwamthupi kukana, amachira moipa komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Kutsika koteroko kumakhala kowopsa chifukwa kungayambitse mawonekedwe a zilonda zosachiritsa komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa polyneuropathy ndi matenda a hyperglycemia. Komanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi polyneuropathy chikuwonjezeka mwa anthu achikulire komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri.

Gawo la polyneuropathy
Mu magawo oyamba, pali kuchepa kwa chidwi cha zala ndi manja, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a Achilles Reflex.
Pang'onopang'ono, zotupa zimakulira, dzanzi, kupweteka, kuwotcha, kumva kulemera m'miyendo kumawonekera. Zizindikiro zosasangalatsa izi zimakhala zoyipa usiku.
M'magawo omaliza a kukula kwa mitsempha, ululu umakhala wolimba kwambiri osati usiku wokha, zilonda, malo akuda amawoneka pakhungu, kuphimba malo ambiri. Pakadali pano, kukula kwa gangrene ndikotheka.
Mwazinthu zotsogola kwambiri, mitsempha ya m'maso ndi ziwalo zamkati zimatha kukhudzidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zambiri.

Chithandizo cha neuropathy
Neuropathy sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza, ndizotheka kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikusunga magawo oyamba a kupsinjika kotero kuti palibe kuwonongeka mu vutoli.

Osazengereza paulendo wopita kwa dokotala ngati mukumva kuti dzanja limatupa, ngati mukumva miyendo ndi manja, ngati manja ndi miyendo yake imazizira, chidwi ndi kuyenda kwa miyendo chimachepa, ndikusintha kwa zala ndi zala.

Choyambirira kuchita ndikwaniritsa Normoglycemia. Ndi shuga wabwinobwino yekha wamagazi omwe angaimitse kupititsa patsogolo kwa polyneuropathy.

Ndikofunikira kusamalira miyendo yanu bwino, izi zingathandizenso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lililonse muyenera kusamba mapazi anu ndi madzi ofunda.
Simungathe kuwiritsa miyendo yanu, ndipo simungawotchezetse miyendo yanu pa batri ndi zida zina zotenthetsera, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi mumatha kupsa kwambiri osazindikira.
Yenderani miyendo yanu tsiku lililonse chifukwa cha ming'alu ndi mabala ena. Chiritsani mabala nthawi yomweyo, osalola kutupa kwawo.

Nthawi iliyonse - mawonekedwe atsopano osasangalatsa, mabala osachiritsika ndi ming'alu, mawonekedwe a chimanga ndi kubwereza, funsani dokotala. Osadzisilira, chifukwa izi ndizodzaza ndi kutayika kwa miyendo.

Matenda a shuga

Vuto lalikulu pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga. Amakhala mu kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono, komanso zazikulu. Chifukwa cha izi, mapuloteni amawachotsa mkodzo, zomwe siziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za nephropathy ndipo ziyenera kukhala zolimbikitsa pakuwonjezeranso mayeso.

Magawo oyamba amakula za kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi asymptomatic, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhudzidwa. Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda a shuga ayesedwe pachaka ndi nephrologist ndikuyesa mayeso ofunikira.
Pazomwe zachitika kwambiri, matenda a shuga a nephropathy amachititsa kuti matenda aimpso ayambe kulephera.

Stage Diabetesic Nephropathy
Matendawa amadutsa pamagawo angapo:

• woyamba ndi woyamba. Gawo ili limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mu chotengera cha impso. Mlingo wosefera pang'ono ukuwonjezeka,
• Gawo lachiwiri limadziwika ndi kusintha koyamba mu minyewa ya impso. Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya impso,
• gawo lachitatu - pa siteji iyi Albinuria iyamba kuwonekera. Mlingo wosefera wama glomerular ukuwonjezeka
• Gawo lachinayi ndi gawo la nephropathy yayikulu. Kupukusa kwamapuloteni kumachitika mu mkodzo, kusefukira kwa glomerular kumachepa. Pali kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• Gawo lachisanu - lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kusefera kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Mankhwalawa a Nephropathy
Magawo atatu oyambilira amalabadira chithandizo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa momwe angathere.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pochiza nephropathy ndikuyenera kupereka phindu, izi zimapulumutsa, ngakhale pang'ono, kuwonongeka kwina.

Dokotala adzalembera chithandizo kuti athandizire ku matenda a nephropathy.

Ngati ndi kotheka, zakudya zama protein ochepa kapena zochepa.

Imani Charcot

Vuto linanso lalikulu la matenda ashuga. Zimakhudza miyendo, imadziwonetsera mawonekedwe a phazi lopendekeka chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Phazi la Charcot limakhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo - kuwonda kwa mafupa, kufupika kwathunthu kwamatenda amfupa, kuchuluka kwa fupa la cortical. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuti mafupawo amakhala opyapyala, osalimba, omwe nthawi zambiri amasweka, mafinya ambiri osagwirizana pambuyo poti achulukana amatsogolera kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa phazi komanso kupweteka poyenda.

Mapazi a Charcot
Phazi la Charcot limadutsa magawo angapo.

• Gawo loyamba ndikusinthanso. Koma nthawi zambiri sizimawonekera ndipo imakhala yovuta
  Pakadali pano, mafupawo anali atachepera kale mpaka kuyenda kulikonse komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka.Koma munthuyu saganiza kuti mafupa ake athyoledwa, chifukwa mphamvu zamiyendo zachepa kale.
• Gawo lachiwiri kapena losakhazikika limadziwika ndi fusion yachilendo, kupindika kwa phazi, kutsika kwa chipilala ndi kupanga phazi lathyathyathya, lomwe limabweretsa kukula kwa zilonda zambiri.

Gawo lachiwiri la phazi la Charcot silimalandira chithandizo, ndizotheka kuchitapo kanthu pothana ndi vuto la wodwalayo.

Chithandizo chamapazi a Charcot
Kuchiza kumatheka pokhapokha gawo loyamba, koma pakadali pano, phazi la Charcot ndilovuta kuzindikira, ndiye kuti nthawi yakalandira chithandizo imatayika.

Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mukwaniritse matenda a typoglycemia, omwe angalepheretse zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga komanso osabweretsa zotsatira zoyipazi.

Ndikofunika kupatsa phazi mtendere osati kuwugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Ngati ndi kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse katundu padzanja. Izi zithandiza mankhwalawo ndikuchepetsa vutoli.

Mankhwala a antibacterial amadziwika kuti achiritse mabala ndi zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimapanga phazi.

Komanso, ndikusintha kowoneka phazi, kuvala nsapato zapadera zam'mimba zimawonetsedwa zomwe zimateteza mapazi kuti asasinthe.

Matenda a shuga

Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga osakwaniritsidwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mwa odwala matenda a shuga a 2.

Matenda a diabetes amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri - zotupa za pakhungu ndi minofu, zilonda, zotupa zamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa phazi. Kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha phazi la matenda ashuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.

Chifukwa chosinthasintha mosalekeza m'magazi a magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kumasokonezeka, izi zimayambitsa imfa ya mitsempha yaying'ono, yomwe imachepetsa chidwi cha mbali zam'mphepete. Kutsika kwa chidwi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mabala osachiritsika kapena mabala osachiritsika - kusanza, mafoni, ndi zina, zomwe zimakula ndi zilonda m'malo mwake.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga
Pali magawo atatu pakukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga:
- mawonekedwe a neuropathic - mawonekedwe awa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Zimadziwika chifukwa chakuti nthawi yayitali hyperglycemia imabweretsa kusintha kosasinthika komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a phazi kumachitika. Kupindika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawidwanso kwamphamvu thupi mpaka zina, ndipo izi zimakhudza kapangidwe ka chimanga ndi chimanga komwe kunalibe. Izi chimanga samachiritsa ndipo sabweretsa zovuta zambiri.

Zotsatira za mawonekedwe a neuropathic phazi la odwala matenda ashuga akhoza kukhala kukulitsa phazi la Charcot, mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba ndi edema.

Mawonekedwe a neuropathic phazi la matenda ashuga amadziwika ndi zilonda zam'mimbazi.
Pali kupunduka kowonekera bwino kumapazi.
Phazi ndilotentha, magazi amatuluka.

Nthawi zambiri, zotupa zotere zimayamba kuphazi komanso pakati pa zala.

- mawonekedwe a ischemic. Awa ndi mawonekedwe osowa kwambiri a matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa fomu ya ischemic ndi hyperglycemia, komanso kuvala nsapato zazifupi, zosasangalatsa, zomwe zimakanikiza phazi komanso kuchepetsa magazi.

Mawonekedwe awa a phazi la matenda ashuga amadziwika ndi mabala ndi zilonda zam'mphepete zosagwirizana.
Kutuluka kwa magazi kumachepetsedwa, miyendo imazizira, nthawi zina imangokhala ayezi.
Ululu umakhalapo nthawi zonse, ngakhale panthawi yopumula.

- mawonekedwe osakanizika
Fomuyi ndiofala kwambiri kuposa ischemic. Zimaphatikiza ndi zizindikiro za ischemic ndi neuropathic mitundu ya phazi la matenda ashuga.

Matenda a matenda ashuga
Kuchiza kwa phazi la matenda ashuga ndikovuta komanso nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuchiritsa mabala kumakhala kovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu limataya zoteteza, ndiye kuti, limaleka kukhala chotchinga chachilengedwe, chifukwa chake mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amalowa mosavuta m'mabala ndikuthandizira kufooka kwawo kwakukulu.

Choyambirira kuchita ndikulipira.Izi zimakulitsa kukana kwa thupi kumatenda, ndikupangitsa kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya.
Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 sangathe kubwezeredwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga, ndiye kuti amayenera kupita kuchipatala cha insulin, izi zimamupatsa mwayi wolimbana ndi mawonekedwe a phazi la matenda ashuga.

Muyenera kuyeretsa mabala nthawi zonse pakhungu lakufa ndikuwathira mankhwala antibacterial.
Ngati ndi kotheka, madiresi amachitika ndi nsalu zosabala.

Pamaso pa edema, chitani mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuthana nawo.

Ndikotheka kuchita opaleshoni kuti abwezeretse kuchepa kwa magazi.

Zimafunikira kuti muchepetse katundu pamalo amiyendo mwendo. Ming'alu ingafunike. Wodwala amafunikira kupumula kwa bedi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kupatuka kwa shuga wamagazi kuchokera ku zomwe zili zofunikira komanso kusayang'anira pakapita nthawi ya shuga kungayambitse zovuta zazikulu. Kukodza pafupipafupi, kutopa, kuchepa thupi, ludzu losatha ndi zotsatira zochepa zosokoneza thupi. Mutha kuthetsa izi zosasangalatsa ndikupewa mavuto azaumoyo wamtsogolo ngati mukudziwa kuyang'anira bwino glycemia, komanso kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Chithandizo chokwanira chamankhwala, komanso kusintha kwakofunikira kwa chakudya chodwala, komanso moyo wonsewo umalola kubwezeretsedwa kwa matendawo.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani glucose samatengekedwa ndi thupi?

Kufunika kwa thupi la munthu m'thupi la glucose amafotokozedwa ndi kutenga gawo ili mu kagayidwe ndi kupanga mphamvu kwama cell. Njira izi zimachitika pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngati pali kusowa kwa timadzi timeneti kapena kusapezeka kokwanira, ndiye kuti matenda monga matenda ashuga amayamba.

Itha kukhala yamitundu iwiri:

• Matenda a shuga a insulin, omwe mulibe insulin yake mthupi.
• Osati mtundu wodwala wa insulin. Munthawi ya thupi, kapamba amapanga insulin yaying'ono kapena kuchuluka kokwanira komwe sikumadziwika ndi maselo motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zina.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa

Zizindikiro zoyambira zoyipa zamagetsi m'magazi athunthu ndi:

• Kuchulukitsa pokodza (makamaka usiku)
• Kumva pakamwa lowuma
• Chilimbikitso chofuna kumwa
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kufooka ndi chizungulire,
• Odorone acetone mkamwa
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi, komwe kumabweretsa ma virus ndi chimfine pafupipafupi.
• Kuchiritsa ovulala
• Kusokonezeka kwa magazi
• Kuyenda pakhungu.

Zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, apo ayi matendawa amapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo angayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

Matenda a shuga: chowopsa ndi momwe chimakhudzira thupi

Ngati glycated hemoglobin imakhala yaphindu nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti shuga imatha kumalipidwa. Ndi matenda awa, chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndizochepa. Ngati matenda ashuga m'magawo oyamba adatsogolera ku kuwoneka koyipa, ndiye chifukwa cha kubwezera kwawo kwabwino kumatha. Pakakhala zovuta pamavuto oyambilira a matendawa, shuga wamba amakulolani kuti muimitse kukula kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azikhala wathanzi.

Matenda a shuga ndi oyenera ku ziwiya zonse zomwe zimapereka magazi ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Matendawa akakhudza impso, ziwalo za masomphenyawo, miyendo, mtima ndi chiwindi. Zotsatira za izi zoyipa ndizo sitiroko, kugunda kwa mtima, kusabala, khungu, kulephera kumva m'miyendo.

Mitundu yamavuto

Kuyesedwa kwa odwala kuti adziwe matenda a shuga kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zingapo. Atha kukhala:

• Zovuta za pachimake zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuthwa komanso kutsika kwa shuga kwakanthawi kochepa,
• Mavuto aakulu omwe amabwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri.

Zovuta zowopsa zimaphatikizapo:

1. Hypoglycemic chikomokere. Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kusowa kwazinthu zofunikira kuti zikwere mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri chikomokere chimachitika mukamwa mowa kapena mutatha kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Hypoglycemia imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro monga kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, kuwona kawiri, kunjenjemera kumapeto, thukuta, kugona kwambiri. Ngati zakhumudwitsidwa zikuchitika, kugawana ndi kulandira zipatala sikungathandize. Pankhaniyi, mudzafunika kuwonjezera shuga ndi madzi otsekemera kapena msuzi. Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, wodwala amayenera kuyika ma shuga pansi pa lilime lake ndikudikirira kufika kwa akatswiri.
2. Ketoacidotic chikomokere. Vutoli limakhala chifukwa cha ketoacidosis, pamene metabolism imasokonekera, ndipo matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'magazi. Kupanikizika kumayendetsedwa ndi kamwa yowuma komanso kununkhira kwa acetone, kupweteka mutu, kugona, kufooka.
3. Coma ndi lactic acidosis. Imadziwika ndi kupunduka kwa ziwalo monga impso, mtima ndi chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe lactic acid imadziunjikira m'thupi.

Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga monga:

1. Retinopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa maso mu shuga.
2. Nephropathy mu shuga - kuwonongeka kwa impso.
3. Mwendo angiopathy, womwe umawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a gangrene (mawonekedwe a phazi la matenda ashuga) kapena lameness.
4. Matenda a diabetes a encephalopathy ndi njira ya m'magazi mu ubongo.
5. Kuwonongeka kwa mathero a mitsempha mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati (neuropathy).
6. Polyneuropathy - yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yonse kumapeto kwa miyendo.
7. Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa, okhala ndi matenda a diabetesic osteo-orthropathy.
8. Matenda a mtima kapena kuwoneka kwa zovuta zake (myocardial infarction).

Zoyambitsa Mavuto

Zomwe zimakhudza chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi izi:

1. High glycated hemoglobin komanso magazi okwera kwambiri. Mavuto sangapewedwe ngati shuga azikhala pamwamba pa 8 mmol / L nthawi zonse. Choyamba, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake zamkati kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowalipirira. Pambuyo pakuwathetsa ndi kusowa kwa njira zochotsera shuga wambiri mthupi, njira zambiri zamatenda zimayamba. Ngati mavuto azindikirika kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, kupitilira kwake kungathe kuyimitsidwa motsatira mwambo wama glucose komanso njira zoyendetsera zakudya.
2. Kusintha pafupipafupi kwa glucose, komwe kumadziwika ndi kusintha kwakuthwa m'magulu a shuga kuchokera pazofunikira zochepa mpaka kuchuluka kwakukulu. Kusiyana kovomerezeka pakati pazotsatira za glucometer data sikuyenera kupitirira 3 mmol / L. Kupanda kutero, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi kumasokoneza thupi lonse.
3. Chimodzi mwa zinthu za thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusatetezeka komanso chidwi chake cha zomwe zakhudzidwa.
4. Kupanda zotsalira za insulin. Izi zimatha kudziwika pambuyo pokhazikitsa hormone C-peptide (chizindikiro cha kapamba wopangidwa ndi insulin yake), yomwe imakhala ngati yoteteza ziwalo ku zovuta.

Ngati mukudziwa chomwe matenda ashuga ali owopsa, mutha kupewa zovuta zoyipa za matendawa. Zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira zitha kuperekedwa pokhapokha ngati wodwala yekha akuyeza shuga ndi glucometer, kutsatira njira yopezera mankhwala ndi zakudya. Ngati chithandizo cha matendawa chikufunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulini, ndiye kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa mankhwalawo kupewa kupewa kulumpha mwadzidzidzi mu shuga. Ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa mtundu wa insulin, ndiye kuti zingakhale zovuta kukwaniritsa chipukutirozo chokwanira cha matendawa.

Kuteteza Matenda a shuga

Pakadali pano, matenda ashuga samatchulidwanso kuti ndi matenda oyipa, koma ndi moyo wapadera, malinga ngati chithandizo chofunikira chalandiridwa. Maziko a chithandizo ndi njira yoyenera yopezera zakudya, kumwa mankhwala oyenera ndikudziyang'anira nokha shuga m'magazi. Ngati izi zikuchitika, zovuta sizimachitika, ndipo moyo suwonongeka.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga ziyenera kuthana nawo atadwala matendawa. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipira ku nthawi ngati:

• Zakudya zamafuta ochepa.
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Malangizo a hyperglycemia,
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa dontho loyipa la shuga.

Mankhwala amayamba kumene, ndiye mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wathunthu.

Zambiri:

Nkhaniyi idawonedwa maulendo 3 152

Kwa nthawi yanga yonse, ndinazindikira kuti odwala onse amagawika m'magulu atatu. Oyamba, ambiri mwa iwo omwe akudziwopseza ndikudzipha atazindikira za matenda awo a shuga, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amapanga kusokonekera kosayenerera. Chachiwiri ndi anthu omwe amanyalanyaza kwathunthu vuto la matenda ashuga ndikusankha maukadaulo, momwe ndimakondera kuwatcha, ndikuyika mutu wanu mumchenga. Enanso enanso, omwe ali ochepa, amawunika moyenera vutoli ndipo amayesetsa kuti atuluke m'moyo wovuta uno, ndikupanga zochita zabwino komanso zopitilira patsogolo zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira.

Chifukwa chake, lero nkhaniyo ikhale ya magulu awiri oyamba. Ena adzazindikira kuti matenda ashuga si chiganizo, ndipo chachiwiri, kuti ngati atalephera, mavuto akulu akubwera. Chifukwa chake, monga ndimanenera nthawi zonse, matenda ashuga si owopsa kuposa, mwachitsanzo, oncology. Pakadali pano, pali chilichonse chofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso wachimwemwe. Zambiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi, chakudya, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mankhwala ndizofunikira zonse zomwe zingafunikire kulipidwa kwabwino.

Kubwezera kwabwino shuga ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kuti pasakhale zovuta. Mwanjira ina, ngati muli ndi shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse, hemoglobin yokhazikika, ndiye kuti pakalibe zovuta sangayambitse mavuto. Ngati zovuta zili kale m'magawo oyambilira, ndiye kuti ndi kubwezerani bwino kubwezeretsa kwawo kumatha. Ngati mavutowo ndi akulu kwambiri, ndiye ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa chipukuta mtsogolo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira za ma pathological kuyimilira ndikusangalatsa.

Chifukwa chake, nditha kuyankha funso: "Kodi pali vuto lotani la matenda ashuga?". Matenda a shuga ndi owopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake, zomwe zitha kupewedwa, kubwezeretsedwa kapena kuimitsidwa. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za iwo, za zovuta.

Matenda a shuga amatenga matenda oopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Kuphatikiza apo, kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha matenda, sizivuta kwambiri kuzizindikira ngakhale podziwa mawonetseredwe apadera. Chifukwa chake, imatha kupanga kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhala ndi zowononga pazamoyo zonse. Pankhani imeneyi, funso loti chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa ayamba kukhala loyenerera.

Izi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziphunziridwe ndi munthu aliyense, chifukwa palibe amene angateteze kwathunthu mawonekedwe a matenda ngati awa. Kudziwa kudzakuthandizira mtsogolomo kupanga mawonekedwe oyenera am'matendawa ndikuzindikiritsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike komanso kupanga njira zodzitetezera kuti zisachitike.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti "shuga" m'matembenuzidwe enieni kuchokera ku Chilatini amatanthauza "kumaliza." Kusankha koteroko kwa madotolo aku Roma kumakhazikitsidwa makamaka pazomwe zikuwonetsa matendawa - kukodza kawirikawiri.

Popita nthawi, akatswiri adazindikira kuti pakuchotsa mkodzo m'thupi, shuga amasiya - dzina lathunthu la matenda adapangidwa.

Omwe akhudzidwa ndi matenda oterewa amasokonezeka ndimatayidwe, chifukwa choti shuga, yemwe amalowa mthupi limodzi ndi chakudya, sangathe kuwonongeka ndikuyamwa. Pachifukwa ichi, limakhalabe m'magazi, ndipo pambuyo pake ena amatuluka ndi mkodzo.

Miyezi yambiri ya shuga ndiyomwe imayambitsa mapangidwe a mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga imakhudzanso retina, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe. Vuto linanso limayenderana ndi kupuwala kwa impso ndi chiwindi.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupatuka kwina kulikonse kwa shuga kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, mpaka kukomoka.

Matenda a shuga amachepetsa kwambiri moyo. Koma ngati nthendayi yadziwika ndi nthawi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachipatala komanso kukonza, wodwalayo atha kutsimikiza kupitilira zaka zopitilira khumi.

Zovuta zazovuta

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, akatswiri amatha kusiyanitsa magawo awiri azovuta zomwe zingachitike: pachimake, chikhalidwe cha mtundu 1 matenda, komanso chodwala, cholemba 2.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi gulu loyamba ndikomwe limachitika mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala zowopsa chifukwa chosagwirizana kwathunthu. Ponena za chitukuko, nthawi zambiri izi zimasintha kwambiri m'magazi a shuga.

Pachifukwa ichi, zovuta zotsatirazi zamatenda a shuga zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• . Zomwe thupi likukula kwambiri m'magulu a shuga. Imadziwoneka ngati chisokonezo ndi kuphwanya kwakuthwa kwa njira yopumira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala fungo la asitone. Ngati izi zachitika pamsewu kapena pagudumu lagalimoto, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chovulala kwambiri ndi chambiri, popeza wodwalayo watayika ndipo nthawi zonse samatha kuyendetsa thupi. Ngati simukuonana ndi dokotala munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mtsogolomo munthu amalephera kudziwa zinthu ndipo akhoza kufa.
• . Amadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu za metabolic m'magazi chifukwa cha zomwe zolephera zonse zimachitika mthupi.
• . Amapangidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika pambuyo polimbitsa thupi, mutamwa mowa, kapena wodwala atagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri kuti achepetse shuga.
• Lactic acidosis chikomokere. Chimodzi mwamavuto owopsa a matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chophwanya magawo a thupi, mulingo wa lactic m'magazi umachuluka. Mawonekedwe ali pachimake, ndi mawonekedwe a kupweteka m'misempha, komanso kusachita chidwi ndi kugona. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, kupweteka m'mimba kumawonjezeka. Ngati wodwala sapatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala panthawi yake, chikomokere chimatha.

Kuopsa kwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 kumadziwika chifukwa chakuti kudwalaku kumatha kuwonongeka kwambiri munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mawonetsedwe oyamba akachitika, achibale apafupi a wodwalayo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ali kuchipatala, popeza kupulumutsa thanzi ndi moyo, kuwerengera kumadaliranso.

Mavuto aakulu

Mavuto aakulu amatuluka pokhapokha ngati pali shuga wambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga 2.

Zotsatira zotere zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, koma ndizovuta kuzikatula. Nthawi zambiri, mutha kungochepetsa kuwonongeka.

Chifukwa cha zochitika za zovuta zotere, wodwalayo amalephera kugwira ntchito molawirira, kusokonezeka kwina kumachitika pogwira ntchito zamkati zofunika zamkati, masoka am'mimba amakula, omwe pamapeto pake amabweretsa imfa nthawi zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, pazotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• . Diso lakumaso limakhudzidwa, chifukwa chomwe masomphenya amayamba kufooka.
• . Amadziwika ndi zoyipa pazinthu za kusefedwa kwa impso. Ngati simutsatira zakudya, ndiye kuti thupi "likhala", chifukwa - "kufupika".
• . Mapangidwe a atherosulinotic, omwe amachititsa kutupa kwamiyendo ndi kuchepa kwapakati. Ululu ndizotheka nthawi yayitali pamiyendo.
• Encephalopathy Ubongo umakhudzidwa, womwe nthawi zambiri umabweretsa kupweteka kwambiri m'mutu, kufooka, kuiwala kukumbukira komanso kuzindikira. Zomwe zimachitika muubongo ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chiwalo ichi chimayendetsa ntchito yama kachitidwe ambiri. Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti zimasankha momwe munthu angagwirire ntchito. Chifukwa chake pakachitika zosokoneza mu ubongo, malingaliro a wodwalayo amawonjezeranso.
• Peripheral polyneuropathy. Kuphulika kumapangidwa mu ntchito ya minyewa yakumapeto kwa miyendo. Ponena za mawonetseredwewo, kuchuluka kwa mankhusu kapena kuwonda kungasiyanitsidwe. Nthawi zina kusokonekera kumatsatana ndi kupweteka komanso kukokana usiku.
• Yoyimira. Zovuta pamathandizo am'mphepete mwa mitsempha yazinthu zamkati zimawonekera. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakulemala komanso kuchepetsa moyo wa odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufa mwadzidzidzi, popeza zamatenda zimakhudza ntchito ya mtima, m'mimba, matumbo. Vuto logonana limapanganso.
• Osteoarthropathy. Vuto losowa kwambiri koma lalikulu kwambiri la matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe, popanda chithandizo choyenera, limabweretsa kulumala. Amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mafupa ndi mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a miyendo.
• Muyenera kuganiziranso kwambiri hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga matenda a mtima ndi zotsatira zake. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma psychology amawononga kwambiri zipupa za zombo zama coronary. Zotsatira zake, kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko, komwe kungakhale kotheka kwambiri kungaphe munthu.

Chifukwa chake, titazindikira zomwe zikuwopseza matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, titha kunena kuti matenda oterowo pang'onopang'ono koma osawongolera amatsogolera wodwala ku matendawo.

Inde, wodwala amatha kutsatira zonse zomwe dokotala wamulembera, koma mawonekedwe osakhazikika amatsimikizira cholinga chake - thupi limazirala pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale wodwalayo akuyesetsa. Komabe, ziyenera kumvedwa kuti njira zamankhwala ndikukonzanso zimachepetsa njira zowonongeka, chifukwa chake, kupenyerera kwawo ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo.

Ponena za mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga omwe ali owopsa: 1 kapena 2, pamenepa sizingatheke kuyankha motsimikiza, popeza mawonekedwe aliwonse amakhala ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimawonetsa kuwonekera kwa mawonekedwe aliwonse.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Popanda chithandizo chokwanira, matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto, omwe ambiri amawopsa.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda apadera, chifukwa kupeza sikophweka. Kwa nthawi yayitali, sizimapereka chilichonse, mwakutero kuwononga thupi. Anthu ambiri sazindikira kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali kale ndi matendawo.

Mawu oti shuga amatanthauza kutha. Dzinali la matendawa linaperekedwa ndi madokotala aku Roma. Chifukwa chake adagwirizanitsa dzinalo ndi chizindikiro chimodzi - kukodza pafupipafupi. Matenda a shuga amatchedwa shuga, pamene shuga amathawa mthupi ndi mkodzo.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kapamba pazifukwa zina amasiya kutulutsa insulin. Ngati maselo amthupi amalimbana ndi insulin, ndiye kuti amalankhula za matenda amtundu wa 2. Mosasamala mtundu, glucose amakhala ochepa.Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito ya pafupifupi ziwalo zonse imasokonekera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukwezetsa shuga m'magawo ovuta amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga 2 ndikuwopseza moyo. Komanso kuichepetsa kumakhalanso koopsa moyo. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa abambo, ana, amayi munthawi ya bere.

Mosasamala mtundu, shuga imakhala yoopsa makamaka m'mitsempha yamagazi. Mitsempha ndi capillaries zimakhudzanso chimodzimodzi. Izi zimasokoneza magazi kulowa ziwalo zonse zamunthu. Kuopsa kwambiri ndikugonjetsedwa ndi ziwiya zazing'ono zamaso: panthawiyi, katangale kapena ma optic dystrophy amakula.

Chifukwa choperewera magazi ku impso, kulephera kwaimpso kumayamba. Kuchepa kwa magazi kumaliseche kumapangitsa mkwiyo mwa amuna. Nayi mndandanda wathunthu wazovuta zonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri:

• kuchepa kwa chidwi m'mitsempha kapena miyendo,
• zilonda zamkati zosachiritsa, zilonda zam'mimba, chifukwa cha izi, kuchepa thupi.
• vuto la mtima kapena stroko,
• matenda a chiwindi
• khungu
• matenda opatsirana
• hyperglycemia
• ketoacidosis, komanso ketoacidotic chikomokere,
• matenda a shuga
• kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa (osteoarthropathy),
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha,
• vuto la potency mwa amuna.

Monga mukuwonera, cholinga cha matenda ashuga ndi thupi lonse, chifukwa palibe chiwalo chimodzi chomwe sichingakhudzidwe ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.

Kuopsa kwa Matenda Oyembekezera

Ndiowopsa osati kokha mthupi la mayi, komanso kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Matenda, ngakhale atakhala amtundu wanji, akapezeka kuti ali ndi pakati, amatha kupwetekedwa.

Amayi ambiri panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati saganizira za kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Kupatula apo, shuga wowonjezereka amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa matenda akulu. Mu ana, amatha kuwonekera kuyambira masiku oyamba kubadwa. Komanso, mtima ndi ubongo wa ana zimavutika kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga pambuyo pake mtsogolo amatsogolera kukula kwa fetal. Ndipo vuto linanso lomwe limachenjeza mwana: atabereka mwana, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake kumatha kutsika kwambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda a shuga a 2 amakhala oopsa?

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wamtunduwu, matendawa amapezeka pokhapokha akapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amatha kuchitika popanda kuwonekera kwanthawi yayitali, kuwononga ziwiya ndi mathero a mitsempha. Wodwalayo amadwala matenda osachiritsika. Mikwingwirima, vuto la mtima, khungu, matenda am'mimba komanso kudula kwam'mphepete - izi ndizowopsa kwa matenda ashuga a 2.

Odwala omwe amamwa antipyretic mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia ngati munthu wambiri. Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga komwe kumayambitsa kukhumudwa.

Asayansi aku Japan apeza tsogolo la matenda a Alzheimer's kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2. Matendawa amatha kwambiri atatha zaka 60.

Ngati wodwalayo amatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndipo amalandila zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, amakhala ndi mwayi uliwonse kuti athetse matendawa.

Kodi zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi ziti?

Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga yemwe amadziwa bwino matenda omwe ali ndi shuga ayenera kuchita chilichonse kuti apewe zovuta. Mu shuga, mitundu itatu yamavuto amadziwika:

• Limbi pafupi.
• Wodwala / Womwalira Fr.
• Wolemetsa / Womaliza Fr.

Zovuta za pachimake zimayamba chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo aubongo ndi poyizoni wazinthu zawo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a metabolism. Mavuto amatha kuchulukana mwachangu, patangopita maola ochepa, izi ndi monga:

• Ketoacidosis / ketoacidotic chikomokere, chofanana ndi matenda a shuga 1 (T1DM).
• Hypoglycemia / hypoglycemic chikomokere, chimawonedwa mu mtundu 1 shuga komanso mtundu 2 matenda ashuga.
• Hyperosmolar coma, yodziwika ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga (T2DM), imawonedwa mwa anthu achikulire.
• Lactacidic chikomokere, chimakonda kuwonetsedwa mwa odwala pambuyo zaka 50.

Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa shuga amadwala matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini komwe amapanga maselo a pancreatic. Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika ndi kuphwanya njira za metabolic, pomwe minofu yam'mimba imayamba kulimbana ndi glucose, chifukwa cha zinthuzi zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayamba pamene chithandizo cha mankhwala sichitsatiridwa.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndi chiani?

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumadziwika kwa wodwala aliyense. Shuga wowukitsa amatsogolera kusokonezeka kwa njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi. Kuphazikika kwa glucose kosalekeza kumayambitsa kuphwanya magazi, komwe kumakhala kofunikira kuti pakhale zovuta.

Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kamakhudzanso odwala. Izi zimadziwika makamaka ndi madera otsika. Odwala adazindikira kutopa kothamanga poyenda, kutupa miyendo, kupweteka komanso kusasangalala.

Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito yoteteza khungu, chifukwa, kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa machiritso a epermermis kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Izi zili ndi chiwopsezo cha mabala osachiritsika (zotupa za pakhungu). Kuchepetsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zingapo, mpaka kufika pazilonda. Mtundu wonyalanyaza matendawa ungaphe.

Kuwonongeka kwa magazi kumabweretsa:

• matenda ashuga
• mitsempha
• kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mimba,
• kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Zonsezi ndizowopsa ndipo popanda chithandizo zingayambitse kudwala kwa wodwala.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga zitha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri - izi ndi kusintha kwamthupi m'thupi ndi zovuta zopezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pakukula kwa kusintha kwa pathological kumatenga nthawi yayitali, zovuta zotere zimawoneka ndi kuphwanya kwadongosolo kwamankhwala omwe amadziwika. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka patadutsa zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimayamba ndikusintha kwambiri kwamisempha.

Mavuto oyambira

Aliyense amadziwa kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga - kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga. Coma amatanthauza zovuta zamatenda kapena zowopsa za matendawa ndipo zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko amasinthidwe amwadzidzidzi a shuga kukhala otsika kwambiri. Kukomoka kumachitika pamene onse omwe ali ndi shuga akukulira m'mavuto owopsa komanso akatsika kwambiri.

Ndi kuperewera kwa insulin yoyendetsedwa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi ketoacidosis ndi chambiri. Izi zimadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zama metabolic. Vutoli limakula msanga ndipo lingayambitse vuto.

Zonsezi zimafunikira wodwala kuchipatala mwachangu.

Kusintha kwachidziwitso cha matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga amamenya mthupi lonse. Matendawa amayambitsa matenda a kwamikodzo komanso matenda amanjenje. Ndi matenda ashuga, kayendedwe kazinthu kamthupi kamazunzika kwambiri, mwina kuwonongeka kwa retinal ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa chikuwonjezeka nthawi zambiri ngati wodwala samvera zomwe dokotala akuwonetsa.

Pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mwa khumi a matenda a shuga amayamba nephropathy. Izi pathological amakhala ndi chovuta mu impso motsutsana zakumbuyo kuphwanya chakudya ndi mapuloteni kagayidwe mu thupi. Nephropathy imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa satsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zopweteka. Pathology ikhoza kukayikiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kutopa,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• ululu m'munsi
• mutu
• kutupa.

Ululu ndi nephropathy ndi episodic mwachilengedwe, nthawi zina amadzuka, kenako ndikusowa. Edema yokhala ndi matenda a impso imafalikira kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi ndipo choyambirira, ma secs pansi pamaso amawonekera.Vuto la metabolic limatha kukhala ndi vuto pa impso kwa zaka makumi ambiri, pomwe palibe chizindikiro, ndipo wodwalayo sakudziwa kukula kwa zovuta. Nephropathy nthawi zambiri imapezeka ngati puloteni imapezeka mumkodzo wa wodwalayo.

Mu malo achiwiri pamafupipafupi a zovuta ndi angiopathy. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa capillaries ndikuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Matendawa amakhudza kayendedwe kazinthu kamunthu kamunthu. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda awa ndi kupweteka kwamiyendo, komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi kupangika kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Popita nthawi, wodwala amakula. Kuchepetsa kwam'mimba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, pamene wodwalayo samatsata zakudya zama carb ochepa ndipo satenga mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Vutoli limatha "kugunda" ziwiya za m'maso ndi impso, chifukwa, matenda am'mimba komanso kulephera kwa aimpso kumayamba, komwe pakapita nthawi imasandulika kukhala nephropathy.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy ndi zotupa za zotumphukira zamanjenje. Matendawa amadziwika ndi vuto la kusamva bwino, kupweteka, kupindika kwa miyendo. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumachepetsa kumva kupweteka, komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zazikulu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, neuropathy imakhudza miyendo yam'munsi. Kuperewera kwa ululu kumabweretsa kuvulala mwangozi komanso kuwonongeka kwa khungu, lomwe mu shuga limakhala likukula ndimatumbo am'mimba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa khungu.

Encephalopathy mu matenda a shuga kumayambitsa matenda a ubongo ntchito. Matendawa amayenda ndi mutu wowopsa.

Matenda osokonezeka omwe amadza ndi ntchito ya impso, mthupi ndi mitsempha imayamba pafupifupi pakatha zaka 15 mpaka 20 pambuyo pa matenda a shuga. Kulipidwa kwa matenda ashuga kungachedwetse kukula kwa izi.

Chifukwa chake, mwa odwala okalamba, pali kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe amafunikira kuthandizidwa. Choyamba, khungu limavutika. Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kusinthika. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa khungu. Ngati matendawa akapanda kuthandizidwa, amapita patsogolo ndikukhala chifukwa cha matenda a matenda ashuga. Pozindikira mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba ndikuzifanizira ndi chithunzi, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu ngati vuto loterolo litayamba kuonekera.

Kuwonongeka kwa impso kumawonekera chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa zinthu za metabolic. Popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a impso.

Poyerekeza ndi shuga yemwe amakhala akuchulukirachulukira, kupendekera kwa lumen pakati pa khoma la zotengera kumachitika. Izi zili ndi chiwopsezo cha kuundana kwa magazi, kukula kwa vuto la mtima ndi sitiroko.

Monga mukuwonera, zovuta zonse zovuta zimalumikizana bwino ndikukula ndi shuga yokwezeka nthawi zonse. Kubwezera matendawa, komwe kumatheka chifukwa chotsatira kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndikuwongolera kulemera kwa wodwalayo, zimathandiza kupewa kukulitsa zovuta za matenda ashuga akazi ndi amuna.

Mavuto mwa akazi

Mwazi wokhala ndi mafuta okwanira nthawi zonse ndi malo abwino pofalitsa yisiti bowa. Mavuto a shuga 2 amtundu wa amayi amawonetsedwa ndimatenda a fungus a pafupipafupi, omwe ndi ovuta kuyankha mankhwala.

Mu matenda a shuga, glucose amalowa mkodzo, chifukwa chake fungal matenda amayamba chikhodzodzo. Matendawa amatengedwa ndi kuyabwa komanso kupweteka pokodza. Chithandizo cha matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi chimakhala chovuta chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga kumakhumudwitsa kukula kwa microflora ya pathogenic, chifukwa cha njira zochiritsira zilizonse zimabweretsa mpumulo wakanthawi.

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zovuta zingapo zimayamba kubala mwana.Komanso, ngati mayi sanachite bwino kubwezera matendawa asanatenge pathupi, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga hypoglycemia mu mwana wosabadwayo. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amakhala oti ali ndi ana onenepa kwambiri.

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a shuga 2, koma samatsatira malamulo a mankhwalawo. Ngati malingaliro a endocrinologist satsatiridwa, kapamba amatsirizika ndi zaka ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umatha kulowa mumatenda omwe amadalira insulin, pamene ma jakisoni a tsiku ndi tsiku amafunika kukhalabe ndi moyo. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga a 2, ndikusintha moyo, kudzudzula ndi chidwi paumoyo wanu zingathandize. Odwala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya mosamala, poganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kumwa mankhwalawa omwe adokotala amapeza panthawi yake. Kulephera kutsatira njira yachipatala kumabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo.

Ndi matenda a shuga, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la metabolic. Zambiri mwa zovuta izi zimakhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, chifukwa kupanga kosakwanira kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti shuga asadutse. Kukhala bwino kwamunthu kumadalira mulingo wake m'mwazi. Matenda a shuga amatha kudalira insulini (amatchedwa mtundu 1) komanso osadalira insulini (mtundu 2). Mtundu wa matendawa umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi: silipangidwa konse kapena limapangidwa, koma minofu yake siyimvera kwenikweni.

Matendawa amakhala ndi matenda osachiritsika ndipo samachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Imayendetsedwa ndi zakudya kapena mankhwala.

Munthu wathanzi amafunikira kuwongolera njira yochitira tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndi kuyang'anira ukhondo wa thupi. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizika kuwunika magazi a magazi ndi glycated hemoglobin. Kuzunza koyambirira kuyenera kukhala 4-6.6 mmol / l, ndipo kwachiwiri sikuyenera kufika 8%. Tikusungabe zisonyezo pamlingo uno, kupezeka kwa zovuta sikuopseza munthu. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka nthawi zonse ngati simupereka chidwi ndi matendawa.

Nchiyani chikuopseza matenda ashuga?

Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo matendawa atadwala, zovuta zazikulu zimayamba kukhazikika ngati zakudya ndi zakudya sizimayang'aniridwa mwachangu, ndiye kuti, samasunga shuga wa m'magazi ku 5-6 mmol / L.

Chinsinsi cha zovuta zomwe zimachedwa pamaso pa matenda ashuga ndikuti ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ndimitsempha yamagazi zimayamba kukhudzidwa. Choyamba, ndizowopsa chifukwa zovuta zimakhudza ziwalo zamawonedwe, chiwindi, impso, minofu ya mtima ndi miyendo.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuwononga kwa glucose, komwe kumawonetsedwa mopitilira muyeso wa shuga m'magazi, kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Popeza miyendo imaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi ndipo imakhala yolemedwa nthawi zonse, zovuta zambiri za shuga zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi miyendo. Zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kupita kumadera akumunsi, pamakhala chiopsezo cha gangore. Zotengera zamanja zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito posintha kwa matenda. Ndipo imawopseza osati ziwiya zokha, komanso makina ammanja.

Kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka maso ndi matenda a shuga kumawopseza kutsogolera khungu. Kulephera kwamkati, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso mikwingwirima kumakhala chifukwa chofala mwa odwala. Mavuto omwe samatsogolera kuimfa, komabe, ndi owopsa komanso amachepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Popanda chithandizo chokwanira, matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto, omwe ambiri amawopsa.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda apadera, chifukwa kupeza sikophweka. Kwa nthawi yayitali, sizimapereka chilichonse, mwakutero kuwononga thupi.Anthu ambiri sazindikira kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali kale ndi matendawo.

Mawu oti shuga amatanthauza kutha. Dzinali la matendawa linaperekedwa ndi madokotala aku Roma. Chifukwa chake adagwirizanitsa dzinalo ndi chizindikiro chimodzi - kukodza pafupipafupi. Matenda a shuga amatchedwa shuga, pamene shuga amathawa mthupi ndi mkodzo.

Matenda Asoga Sekondale

Choopsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga chimakhala m'mavuto am'magazi, omwe amayambitsa mavuto pantchito ya ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Chiyanjano cha shuga ndi matenda ena chimatha kufotokozedwa motere:

• Chifukwa chosayenda bwino m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa ziwiya zam'madzi, magwiridwe antchito amawonongeka, omwe nthawi zambiri amabweretsa matenda monga matenda a cataract ndipo pambuyo pake angayambitse khungu.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi mu njira yakulera kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yake ndipo kungayambitse kusabereka kwa amuna.
• Mavuto omwewo a impso amachititsa kulephera kwa impso.
• Kapangidwe kowonongeka ka minofu yam'mimba kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'miyendo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti amve.

Mndandanda wa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga ukhoza kupitilizidwa kwakanthawi. Ndipo pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe amaphatikizidwa pamndandandandawu.

Zoyenera kuchita atazindikira?

Monga matenda aliwonse, kuti athandize odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake zoyambirira nthawi. Pambuyo popeza matenda, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa zomwe adotolo ndikuchita ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Kusankha dokotala koyenera ndikofunikanso. Mwamwayi, masiku ano, madokotala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matenda a shuga a Type I ndi okwanira. Ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, titha kunena kuti munthu posachedwa samva matenda ake, kuzolowera moyo wina.

Tidakambirana chifukwa chake matenda ashuga ndi owopsa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu omwe amapita kwa dokotala panthawi komanso kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala amakhala ataliatali ngati anthu athanzi. Kupatula apo, munthawi yathu ino, matenda ashuga ndi osavuta kulandira chithandizo, momwe munthu sayenera kudya moyenera ndikuganizira zofunika zina zam'moyo, komanso kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana moyo

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi shuga 1

Ngati matenda a mtundu woyamba, omwe amapezeka makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata, amapezeka modabwitsa komanso mosayembekezereka, ndiye kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa kusokonekera kwa pancreatic ukukhwima pang'onopang'ono.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umagwirizana ndi mtundu wakubadwa, chachiwiri - zambiri ndi njira ya moyo.

Loyamba limatengera insulin, popeza mahomoni samapangidwa palokha, chachiwiri, monga lamulo, sichoncho, ngakhale kuti insulini ingafunike pamlingo wambiri.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa WHO, mdziko lapansi (makamaka m'maiko otukuka), anthu 5 mpaka 7% amadwala matenda a shuga. Komanso, pakati paopeza zaka zopitilira 65, odwala matenda ashuga ali kale 20%. Mtundu wachiwiri umapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa ena (80% ya milandu). Ndipo pofotokoza zaimfa, "mliri wa m'ma 2000" umakhala wachitatu pambuyo pa oncology wobisika komanso mtima wamitsempha. Zoneneratu za WHO ndikukhumudwitsanso: ngakhale kuti mankhwala akupanga, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma" kukuyenda bwino. Kumbali ina, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso, ku "kukonzanso" kwakukulu kwa matendawa chifukwa cha kudya kosayenera ndi chikhalidwe - hypodynamia.

Komanso, popeza tikufuna kuthamangitsa ziphunzitso zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kutchulapo zamankhwala zamasiku ano monga momwe chidwi sichiri pankhani ya chithandizo, koma kuchepetsa ziwonetsero za matenda akulu aliwonse.Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagulitsidwa muukonde wa malo ogulitsa mankhwala otchuka, ndipo awa ndi opitilira 85% sangatchulidwe ngati mankhwala. Amangoletsa zizindikiro. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ndimankhwala a shuga. Wodwala matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala osachepera awiri kuti achulukitse kuthamanga kwa magazi, bwanji? Chifukwa chiyani "kum'chiritsa" pomwe muzu waukulu wazoyipa ukupitabe patsogolo?

Ndizopindulitsa kwa akatswiri azamankhwala kugulitsa mankhwala. Iwo, mwa zina, ali ndi zoyipa zingapo zomwe zimachepetsa thupi. Chifukwa chake amadzipereka okha, chifukwa amapeza makasitomala okhazikika omwe amakakamizidwa kukhala pamapiritsi amoyo wonse.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe "angopangidwa kumene", ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire bwino zakudya, nthawi yanji komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kusinthasintha zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kuthamangira kupita kuchipatala kukatenga mankhwala onse omwe dokotala amakupatsirani, chifukwa ena mwa iwo sikuti ndi osafunikira komanso owopsa. Sintha shuga m'magazi akhoza kukhala chakudya chochepa kwambiri ngati mafuta olimbitsa thupi. China chake ndikuti ngati shuga ali patsogolo. Poterepa, osati matendawa okha, komanso zovuta zake, zomwe ndizomwe zikuchititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ambiri padziko lapansi chife, chikuyambitsidwa.

Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa pawokha kuti thupi limakulitsa matenda pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu mtundu wina wa kafukufuku wachitatu, pomwe glucose wambiri m'magazi am'magazi (hyperglycemia) wapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu - ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri izi sizimawonekeranso. Inde, Zizindikiro zina zimapangidwanso mu "matenda okoma", kupezeka kwake komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa matenda ena. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizovuta kuzindikira. Ambiri amakhala naye kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sakudziwa izi. Munthu sangadziwe matenda amtundu wa endocrine ndipo amayamba kuwomba pokhapokha ngati "chikufika" pamavuto owopsa a matenda ashuga (phokoso la matenda ashuga, kuwonongeka kowonekera, ndi zina). Chifukwa chake, kuzindikiridwa kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri pambuyo poyesedwa m'magazi a shuga.

• Mowa wambiri wowonjezera wokoma ndi chakudya china.
• Moyo - wokhala pansi, wopanda ntchito.
• Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda amtima.
• Ngati banja lili ndi odwala matenda ashuga.
• Zaka zopitilira 50.

Ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga, kuwunika komwe kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kawiri mpaka katatu.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimadziwika kuti ndi hyperglycemia: yofatsa (mpaka 8,2 mmol / L), yodziwika (mpaka 11.0 mmol / L), kwambiri (pamtunda wa 11.1 mmol / L). Mukatha kudya, chizindikirocho sichikuyenera kupitirira 8.0 mmol / L, ndipo asanagone ndizovomerezeka - kuyambira 6.2 mmol / L mpaka 7.5 mmol / L.

Matenda a shuga amawombana

DM 1 siyingathe kuchiritsidwa, koma madokotala akuti akhoza kulipirirani, ndiko kuti, kukhalabe ndi shuga wamagulu ena mwa kupatsa insulin. Ngati insulini siliyendetsedwa bwino kapena silikuperekedwa mokwanira, ketoacidosis kapena hyperosmolar coma imayamba. Nthawi zina chikomokere chimawoneka ngati chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda osadziwika, koma amapezekanso mwa omwe akhala akudwala kwazaka zambiri.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi odwaladwala kwambiri, makamaka omwe adadwala kuyambira ali ana. Kodi nchifukwa ninji ali olakwa kwambiri? Kunena zowona, sikuti nthawi zonse amalakwitsa akadzipaka okha ndi jekeseni wa insulin. Koma nthawi zina kufunikira kwa insulini kumawonjezeka - mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika ndi kugwira ntchito kwambiri, pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, ndikulimbana ndi matenda a mtima (omwe sangathe kuzindikiridwa nthawi yomweyo!) Ndipo ngakhale munthawi ya matenda opatsirana, monga chimfine.

Ketoacidosis imayamba ndi ludzu, kamwa yowuma, komanso kukodza kwambiri. Pakapita kanthawi, nseru, kusanza, kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa, kupweteka kwam'mimba kumawonekera, kusokonezeka kapena kukomoka kumachitika. Hyperglycemic coma ndimomwe thupi limakhwimira kwambiri kapena pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'magazi. Nthawi zina chikomokere chimachitika mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zina, monga ketoacidosis, mavuto amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuthandiza wodwala ndikotheka kuchipatala kokha!

Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe?

Popeza adalandira matenda okhumudwitsa, ayenera kufunsa funso lotere. Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuchira kwathunthu, koma ndizotheka kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika ndikuwonjezera zaka zakukhalapo.

Ngakhale mtundu wa 2 wodwala mellitus suchiritsika, tanthauzo la "kuyimitsidwa" kwake limachepetsedwa pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kuti kukhale bwino, izi zimatchulidwanso kuti kulipidwa. Kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a endocrinologist, wodwalayo amatha kusintha mkhalidwe wake komanso thanzi lake.

Koma pa izi muyenera kuchita nokha. Choyamba, kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi (kuyesedwa mu labotale, glucometer), ndipo chachiwiri, kusintha njira ya moyo, kusintha mtundu wake.

• Kukana zizolowezi zoyipa: kudya kwambiri, kusuta, kumwa mowa.
• Mankhwala othandizira
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'malo ochepa - 6 pa tsiku.
• Kuyenda pafupipafupi mu mpweya wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, njinga).
• Kusunga mulingo woyenera kwambiri, malinga ndi lamulo, jenda komanso zaka.
• Kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi kosaposa 130 mpaka 80.
• Mankhwala azitsamba
• Kudya moyenera mankhwala ena (ngati kuli kotheka, insulin).

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2

Zonse zimatengera nthawi yodziwika bwino komanso kutha kusintha mwanjira yatsopano. Mokulira, iwo samafa ndi matendawa omwe, koma ndi zovuta. Ziwerengero zosasunthika zimanena kuti mwayi wokhala ndi zaka zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi wocheperapo ndi 1.6 kuposa anzanga athanzi. Komabe, chowonadi chakuti m'zaka zana zapitazi kufa kwawo kwatsika kangapo ndikulimbikitsa.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumadzidalira. Zochitika padziko lonse lapansi zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe amatsatira zakudya ndi njira zamankhwala zamasiku amenewo, mkhalidwe umakhala wokhazikika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndipo musagonjere ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa. Mantha ndi mdani wa odwala matenda ashuga, endocrinologists akuti. Mkhalidwe wopsinjika ukhoza kuyambitsa kuwonongeka msanga pamlingo wambiri komanso kukulitsa zovuta zazikulu.

Mavuto ndiomwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi woopsa. Mwachitsanzo, akuti 75% ya anthu omwe amafa ndi matendawa amagwirizana ndi mtima. M'mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa cha shuga owonjezera, imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba, chifukwa chomwe mtima umagwira ndi zovuta zambiri. Ndi "zodabwitsa zina" ziti zomwe tingayembekezere?

• Ndi matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa ndi matenda oopsa, chiwopsezo cha stroketi ndi kugunda kwa mtima kawiri.
• Nephropathy ndi matenda a shuga a impso omwe samatha kupirira ntchito yoyeretsa m'thupi.
• Chifukwa cha shuga osakonzedwa, vuto la metabolic m'maselo limayambika m'chiwindi: mafuta hepatosis, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala hepatitis ndikutha ndi cirrhosis.
• Kuwopsa kwa minofu yam'mphepete, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, dzanzi, kukokana (makamaka miyendo).
• Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mapazi ovulala kapena matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
• Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa retina komwe kungayambitse khungu lathunthu.

Kulephera ndi Matenda Awiri A shuga

Kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu ndi "matenda okoma" posachedwa kumabweretsa kulumala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiyembekezo choterechi chimayembekezera pafupifupi theka la onse ovutika ndi matenda otere.Dziwani kuti anthu omwe amadya moyenera komanso mosamala kutsatira malangizo a dokotala amatha kupewa mkhalidwe wolumala.

Kuwonongeka kwa gulu lofatsa (lachitatu) limayimiridwira njira yotsatirika ya matendawa, pomwe zovuta zamagulu ofunikira zamthupi zimawonekera pang'ono, koma zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse. Anthu otere amakhala ophatikizika muzochitika zovulaza, nyengo yankhanza, maulendo azamalonda ndi masinthidwe ausiku, kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro, komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito yosagwirizana.

1 ndi magulu awiri

Magulu achiwiri ndi oyamba (osagwira ntchito) amapatsidwa odwala omwe akufuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, zoletsa kuyenda komanso kudzisamalira, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamkati komanso kuzunza koopsa (mitundu yayikulu ya mtima kapena kulephera kwa impso, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ndimatenda amisala, matenda ashuga, matenda osokoneza bongo, ovuta kwambiri masomphenya osawona kapena khungu.

Zoletsedwa Zazakudya Zosiyanasiyana Zazakudya Zosiyanasiyana

Mu matenda ashuga, kudya zakudya zoyenera kumathandiza kwambiri. Posankha chakudyacho, njira yokhayokha ndi yabwino, poganizira magawo ambiri, koma amalimbikitsidwa. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala 25% ya mapuloteni, ndipo mafuta ndi chakudya sayenera kupitilira 20% ndi 55%, motsatana. Pankhaniyi, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mapuloteni amachokera ku mbewu, polyunsaturated mafuta acids ndi omwe amadziwika kuti "carbohydrate aatali" - okhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.

• Kuchepetsa kwambiri momwe mungathere, ndipo ndibwino kupatula zinthu zomwe zimaletsedwa: mitundu yonse ya maswiti ndi ma confectionery (maswiti, makeke, makeke, jams ndi uchi, timadzi tokonzedwa, timadzi tokoma ndi madzi otumphukira), zinthu kuchokera ku ufa woyera wa premium, ma muffins, komanso mbatata, beets shuga, semolina, mpunga wopukutidwa, pasitala.
• Kuchepetsa kumwa kwamafuta acids, omwe amapezeka munyama ndi mafuta (nkhumba, bakha, mwanawankhosa, nyama zamtundu uliwonse) ndi zinthu zamkaka (zonona wowawasa, kirimu, ayisikilimu, tchizi, batala).
• Yesani kupewa zipatso zokhala ndi fructose: nthochi, mphesa, sitiroberi zamtchire, kuchokera ku zipatso zouma - madeti, mphesa zamphesa, nkhuyu.
• Pankhani ya zovuta za metabolic, thupi limafunanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zofunikira: mavitamini (C, D, A, E, gulu B), kufufuza zinthu (magnesium, chromium, zinki, manganese, potaziyamu ndi ena), amino acid, coenzyme Q10, ndi zina zambiri.

Mavitamini a odwala matenda ashuga kapena momwe angakhalire athanzi

Hypoglycemic chikomokoma: insulin

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin angayambitse zovuta zina - hypoglycemic coma. Amayamba pamene shuga m'magazi amatsika pansi pazovomerezeka. Izi zimachitika ngati mlingo wa insulin ndi wofunikira kwambiri, kapena ngati wodwala matenda ashuga sanadye panthawi yothetsera jakisoni kapena kumwa mowa wambiri. Magazi a shuga amachepetsa pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mapiritsi ochepetsera shuga amathanso kuyambitsa hypoglycemia, koma osachepera insulin.

Hypoglycemic coma imayamba msanga, nthawi zina pakangotha ​​mphindi zochepa. Manja a wodwalayo ayamba kunjenjemera, mtima wake ukugundika, waponya thukuta. Nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kudya maswiti kapena kumwa tiyi wowotcha wowotcha kuti zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zithe. Koma ngati shuga sangakwere, pakapita kanthawi mutu utayamba kuwoneka, chikumbumtima chimasokonezeka, kuyankhula kumakhala kotsika, ndipo popanda chithandizo chamankhwala munthu amagwa.

Kusala komanso shuga

Mpaka posachedwa, akatswiri azakudya adakhulupirira kuti kufa ndi njala ndi shuga m'magazi ndizosagwirizana. Koma tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuletsa kokhazikika m'zakudya sikothandiza kokha pakuchepetsa thupi, kumatha kuyeretsa m'mimba, chiwindi ndi kuyambiranso zosokoneza za thupi.Izi zimathandizira kukonza kapamba, kuwonjezera insulini ndikupanga shuga. Malangizowa ali othandizira makamaka odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri magawo oyambira. Pali zitsanzo za kuchira kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito kusala kwachiwonetsero motsogozedwa ndi madokotala. Pankhaniyi, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwonjezera kuyeretsa (kuthirira kwamatumbo, enemas), komanso kukonzekera koyenera ndi kutuluka kwa thupi kuchokera pamenepa.

Komabe, simungathe kudzipha nokha! Nthawi yonse yosala kudya ndiyofunikira motsogozedwa ndi dotolo yemwe amayang'anira njira zonse ndikuthandizira kuzolowera nyengo yanjala "yokwanira".

Ngati matenda amtundu wa endocrine amachititsa kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, musalole kusiya zakudya zanu komanso zakudya zanu. Poterepa, muyenera kungowonjezera chakudya chamagulu awa. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta. Tinakambirana zambiri za zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mu nkhani yomwe imanena za mndandanda wamatenda a glycemic komanso zoyambira pazakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Mavuto osokonezeka

Ngati tizingolankhula za zovuta zakutali, ndiye kuti ziwalo zonse za thupi mpaka digiri imodzi kapena ina zimavutika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma ena, omwe amatchedwa "ziwalo zolunjika", amawonongeka mwachindunji ndi matendawa - awa ndi impso, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, maso, mapazi. Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi kutukusira kwamkamwa ndi m'mimba thirakiti.

Kuvulala kwa impso, matenda a shuga a nephropathy, amapezeka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, matenda a impso amatsogolera kuthamanga kwa magazi. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la matenda ashuga nephropathy ndi kulephera kwa impso, i.e. kulephera kwa impso.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kutha kawiri kawiri kufa chifukwa cha matenda amtima komanso stroko kuposa anthu ena. Chimodzi mwazomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi atherosulinosis, pomwe, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, "cholesterol plaques" amaikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi: mitsempha yamagazi imakhala yovunda ndipo imataya kusasamala. Zisoti zoterezi zikamawonongeka, zidutswa zake zimapindika m'mitsempha yama mtima kapena ziwiya zina. Poyambirira, vuto la mtima likachitika, chachiwiri, matenda a stroko amatha. Vuto lotupa la mtima limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Zilonda zamiyendo zosachiritsa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa gangrene ndikuduladula phazi.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira za matenda ashuga ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, mpaka kutsimikiza kwathunthu. Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa khungu kwa akuluakulu, makamaka omwe akhala akudwala kwa zaka zoposa 15 mpaka 20! Mphaka (mawonekedwe a mandala), glaucoma (kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi maso) komanso matenda ashuga - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono kapena kufinya kwa retina kumabweretsa.

Momwe mungapewere zovuta

Mavuto azovuta sangathe kunenedweratu nthawi zonse. Koma podziwa chomwe matenda a shuga ali oopsa, mutha kuchitapo kanthu pasadakhale kuti mudzithandizire nokha. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukhala ndi chidutswa cha shuga kapena maswiti m'thumba lanu, ndipo ngati mwadzidzidzi mukudwala, yesani kufotokozera ena kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndibwino kuti anthu achikulire alembe izi papepala, komanso momwe mungawathandizire ngati akumva molakwika mumsewu. Ikani pepalalo mthumba lanu kuti muwonere mosavuta! Ndikangokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, zolankhula za wodwala nthawi zina zimachepetsa kapena kungokhala, angalakwe kwa woledzera ndipo sayimbira foni dokotala panthawi.

Monga chikomokere, zovuta zazitali zimachitikanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga - kusunga chizindikirochi mulibe malire. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, njira yokhayo yosinthira shuga m'magazi ndikuyenda kwa insulin;

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe angayambitse kulemala ndi kufa.Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, ndipo chitanipo kanthu munthawi yake. M'masiku akale, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ankapatsidwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga panthawiyo sanali pomwepo. Masiku ano, odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 amatha kukhala moyo wonse, ndipo odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 amatha kuthetseratu matendawa. Kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kulimbikira. Tangoganizirani zomwe zidzachitike kwa iwo omwe amanyalanyaza malangizo a madokotala, zithandiza zomwe zafotokozedwatu.

Ana ndi achinyamata, nthawi zina achinyamata, nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kukula msanga. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadziwoneka bwino, kuyambika kwa vuto la pachimake ndikotheka. Zotsatira zoyipa zikafika pamene wodwala wadwala matenda a shuga ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga 1.

Anthu omwe amadwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amalangizidwa kuti azivala chibangili chidziwitso choyenera. Wodwalayo akafika modzidzimutsa, ena adzawonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kukanika poyimba ambulansi. Wodwala adzapatsidwa thandizo la panthawi yake.

Wodwala amakakamizidwa kuwunika pafupipafupi kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi kuti ateteze kukula kwa zochitika zam'magazi. Mapiritsi a shuga atengedwa pa nthawi yake amathandizira kupewa matenda oopsa a hypoglycemia.

Nkhani za owerenga athu

Matenda a shuga kunyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za kudumphira shuga komanso kumwa insulin. O, momwe ine ndimavutikira, kukomoka kosalekeza, kuyimba mwadzidzidzi. Kodi ndapita kangati kwa endocrinologists, koma amangonena chinthu chimodzi - "Tengani insulin." Ndipo tsopano masabata 5 apita, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, osati jakisoni imodzi ya insulini ndipo chifukwa chonse cha nkhaniyi. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerenga!

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulini, jakisoni wa insulin sangaperekedwe nawo. Kupsinjika ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zowonjezera zimatha kuyambitsa kuwukira, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, ophunzitsidwa njira zodziletsa, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudziwa mwanjira yomwe akufunika kuchita: jekeseni insulin kapena kumwa mankhwala.

Machedwe mavuto

Mavutowa ndi omwe amachitika chifukwa chodwala kwa nthawi yayitali. Sadzadziwonetsa pomwepo, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake komanso cholongosoka, sangathe kupewedwa nthawi zonse.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza maso. Kuwopsa kwakukulu ndikuti kumatha kutsogolera ku myopia ndi khungu.

Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti makoma a capillaries akhale osalimba, chifukwa chake amawonongeka. Izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti magazi azituluka m'matumbo, ndikuyamba kufooka.

Retinopathy imayamba pang'onopang'ono; koyambirira, matendawa amatuluka mosavuta. Dokotala amatha kudziwa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana maso awo pachaka ndikutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala.

Vuto linanso lomweli la matenda ashuga ndi angiopathy. Matendawa amawonekera ndipo amayamba chaka chonse. Angiopathy imakhudza mitsempha yamagazi.

Vuto limayamba chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Zombozo zimakhala zopindika, zimakhala zoonda komanso zopanda pake, zomwe zimakhudza kagayidwe pakati pa minofu. Nthawi zambiri, ziwiya zazikulu zamiyendo ndi mtima zimakhudzidwa. Angiopathy ikhoza kuyambitsa kulumala.

Mchitidwe wamanjenje umadwalanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, ndipo polyneuropathy imatha kuyamba. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza ulusi wamitsempha miyendo.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha polyneuropathy ndi kutaya chidwi. Munthu amasiya kumva kuzizira, kutentha, kuwawa. Zonsezi zimabweretsa zilonda zamkhungu zambiri. Ngati kachilomboka kachilonda, zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimayambitsa gangore.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, phazi la matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri limapezeka.Matendawa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ambiri a chimanga, makulidwe amkhungu, zotupa zamapazi ndi misomali, kuwonongeka kwa mafupa a phazi. Mu shuga mellitus, chitetezo chofooka chimafooka kwambiri, mabala amachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Matenda aliwonse, kamodzi pachilonda, amayamba kusefukira, komwe pambuyo pake kumakhala chilonda.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda ashuga?

Kupewa matenda kumatengera mtundu wake.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 mellitus (wodalira insulin) umachitika pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin. Matendawa amatenga ana ndi achinyamata ambiri.

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zothandizira kupewa matenda a shuga 1, ma insulin omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala.

Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amakupezeka mwa anthu omwe:

• onenepa kwambiri
• khalani moyo wongokhala.
• idyani zakudya zambiri zotsekemera komanso zamafuta.

Njira zabwino zopewera matendawa ndi kusintha kwa moyo ndipo makamaka zakudya:

• muyenera kusinkhasinkhanso zakudya zanu, kupatula zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso chakudya,
• posankha nyama kapena nsomba, zomwe azitsatsa ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yamafuta ochepa,
• Ndikofunika kudya masamba ambiri okhala ndi fiber (kabichi, kaloti, tsabola belu, biringanya).

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kupewa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Sikuti kupita kukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kudzipatula kuti muyambe kuyenda mwachangu. Chinthu chachikulu m'makalasi oterowo ndi chikhalidwe chawo mwadongosolo. Muyenera kukhala osachepera maola 2,5 mpaka sabata iliyonse pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Njira zonse zomwe zingatsimikizidwe kuti zithandizire kupewa matenda a shuga komanso kuti musakhale ndi zotsatirapo zovuta monga kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.

Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kumadalira insulin. Ndi mtundu 1 wamatenda, munthu amadalira mphamvu ya mahomoni, pomwe mtundu wa 2 vuto limakhala palibe. Kuphatikiza apo, a 1 matenda ashuga amamva matendawa ali aang'ono (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamtundu). Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa, tikulankhula za anthu azaka zopitilira 45 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, komanso mavuto akuntchito ya endocrine system, kapamba.

Komabe, ngakhale atakhala ndi matenda ati a shuga, matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kubwezeredwa moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera insulin, zovuta zina zimakhalapo pakapita nthawi: chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi hypo- kapena hyperglycemia, phazi la matenda ashuga, komanso mavuto a mtima. Popeza izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino lomwe kuopsa kwa matendawa, ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhale.

Matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji komanso chifukwa chake

Choyamba, matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri ndi vuto loopsa lomwe limakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe, mwa chikhalidwe chazovomerezeka, imapereka magazi ku ziwalo zamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a mkhalidwe wam'magazi amalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso, ziwalo zamawonedwe, komanso miyendo, mtima ndi chiwindi. Popita nthawi, zotsatira zake zonsezi ndi mikwingwirima, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kuyamba kwa kusabereka, khungu komanso kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwam'miyendo.

Polankhula mwachindunji za nthenda yoopsa yomwe yapatsidwayo, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti zovuta zimatha kukhala zowawa komanso zoperewera. Pozindikira zovuta zakale, ndikulimbikitsidwa kulabadira kuti ndi chifukwa cha kutsika kwakuthwa kwa shuga kwakanthawi kochepa.

Mavuto osaneneka amapangidwa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri wamtundu wa 2 shuga.

Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri, ndikufuna kudziwa zambiri za hemoglobin yayikulu kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.Kuphatikiza apo, wina sayenera kuyiwala za kusintha kwamkati mwa glucose, zomwe zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri pakubwera kwa thanzi. Chotsatira ndi kupezeka kwachilengedwe kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo komanso chiwopsezo cha ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Ngakhale atakhala mitundu iti ya matenda a shuga, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti kusowa kwa zotsalira za insulin kungapangitse kuti pakhale zovuta. Izi zitha kudziwika pambuyo podziwika kwa hormone C-peptide, yomwe imateteza ziwalo zamkati pazovuta komanso zovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga, kusiyana kwake ndikofunikira.

Hypoglycemia, ketoacidotic chikomokere ndi lactic acidosis

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi 2 amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zoopsa zina, mndandanda womwe umakhala ndi hypoglycemic ndi ketoacidotic coma, komanso chikhalidwe chofanana ndi lactic acidosis. Pofuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika koyambirira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musamale kwambiri chifukwa zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Zosasiyananso izi ndizoperewera kwa njira zokwanira zokulira mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, chikomokere chimadziwika chifukwa cha zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Hypoglycemia imapezeka mosavuta ndi zizindikiro zina, ikulankhula za zomwe, akatswiri amalabadira chisokonezo, kuwona kawiri m'maso, kapena, mwachitsanzo, akunjenjemera miyendo. Mawonetsedwe ena amatha kudziwika, mwachitsanzo, thukuta kwambiri. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kudya kena kake kokoma kapena madzi akumwa.

Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi katswiri mwachindunji, chifukwa zotsatira zake zingaphe.

Mkhalidwe wowopsa womwewo ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere. Polankhula izi, ndikofunikira kulabadira izi:

• ndi zotsatira za ketoacidosis, chifukwa chomwe kagayidwe kamasokonezedwa,
• Zotsatira zina za izi ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi,
• Vutoli limaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo, monga, kamwa yowuma, kununkhira kwa acetone, komanso mutu, kugona, ndi kufooka kwathunthu.

Kuyankha funso loti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi chani, munthu sangachite chidwi ndi kuperewera kwa lactic acidosis. Amalumikizidwa ndi kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zamkati monga impso, minofu ya mtima, komanso chiwindi - chifukwa cha izi, lactic acid imadziunjikira mkati komanso mthupi lonse. Polankhula za zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zawo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda onse omwe akudwala.

Matenda owopsa

Choyamba, akatswiri amalabadira chitukuko cha retinopathy, chomwe ndi chotupa chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gawo la maso. Imayamba kukula kumayambiriro kwa matendawa ndipo imangokulira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati kulibe chithandizo choyenera kumayambitsa kutaya kwamawonedwe.

Chotsatira, muyenera kulabadira mapangidwe a nephropathy mu shuga. Vutoli limakhala kugonjetsedwa kwa impso imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri. Choopsa chofananira ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi angiopathy a m'munsi. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a gangrene (monga njira imodzi yowonetsera phazi la matenda ashuga) kapena lameness yoopsa mtsogolo.

Komanso, poyankha funso loti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kulabadira matenda a shuga. Tikulankhula za ma pathological algorithms mu ubongo omwe amawonongeratu ntchito zake zazikulu, ngakhale atadziwika kuti ndi a shuga ati.

Ngozi yotsatira yamatenda iyenera kuonedwa ngati kuwonongedwa kwa mathero amitsempha, amodzi mu ziwalo zamkati.

Kupatuka uku kumatchedwa diabetesic neuropathy. Kuphatikiza apo, mndandandawo umakwaniritsa polyneuropathy. Kusiyana kwake kuli m'lingaliro loti limadziwika ndi zotupa zonse zam'mphepete zam'mitsempha zilizonse zam'mphepete zam'munsi komanso zotsika.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulabadira zoopsa monga kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa. Ndizodziwika kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga acthicathy, peculiarity yomwe ndi kufunika kwa chithandizo chamtsogolo mtsogolo. Otsiriza omaliza a matendawa, omwe amayeneranso kusamaliridwa, ayenera kuganiziridwa ngati matenda a mtima kapena kupangika kwa zovuta zake, makamaka kuphwanya myocardial.

Zowonjezera pazowopsa za matenda ashuga

Chidwi chachikulu pamndandanda wazovuta chimayeneranso phazi la matenda ashuga, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa choperewera chakudya chopatsa thanzi. M'dera lamapazi, zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kupanga, pomwe matendawa amakula. Polankhula pazinthu zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chamtundu woterewu, ndikofunikira kulabadira kukodwera kwa chikonga, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso matenda oopsa.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi chikhalidwe chowopsa chotere ndichofunika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe akumana ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Zingatheke kupatula kupangika kwazovuta chifukwa cha njira zina zodzitetezera, zomwe, mukakana kugwiritsa ntchito nsapato zopanikizika kapena chokhala ndi chidendene chachikulu. Tisaiwale kuti ndizowopsa kuvala osati nsapato zosavutikira, komanso zimodzi zomwe zimakulunga miyendo.

Njira zotsatirazi zodzitetemera zimatchedwa akatswiri kusamala pang'onopang'ono komanso kutsuka mapazi ndi madzi ofunda tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndiko kuwona njira zomwe zaperekedwa kuti munthu athe kulankhula zochepetsera chiwopsezo ndi kakulidwe ka matenda a shuga palokha.

Chotsatira, muyenera kulabadira zowopsa za matenda a shuga mellitus, monga polyneuropathy. Monga mukudziwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi vuto losakwanira chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino. Izi zimakhudza chitukuko cha matenda a metabolic, komanso mapangidwe a zizindikiro zoyambirira za zovuta. Polankhula za chiwonetsero chachikulu cha zamatenda zamatendawo, akatswiri amalabadira zowawa m'madera akumunsi. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti tiganizire:

1. kumverera kowopsa mu minofu ya ng'ombe ndi chidwi chomangika,
2. kupweteka ngakhale kukhudza pang'ono kapena kopepuka
3. kusakhazikika komanso kusinthasintha.

Zizindikiro zofananira zimatchedwa kuti kwamikodzo incontinence, mapangidwe a kutsekula m'mimba, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa ma visual acuity ndi contractions yopweteka. Tisaiwale za zovuta za zida zamau a pakamwa, chizungulire komanso kusakhazikika kwa chimalizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwa momwe matendawa amafunikira, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ikhoza kukhala yamitundu iwiri: sensory-motor and autonomous. Kutengera izi, mawonekedwe ena amatha kusiyanasiyana, zimatengera zaka za wodwalayo, matenda ena oyanjana nawo.

Zowona kuti ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus retinopathy atha kupezeka, zanenedwapo kale, koma ndikufuna ndilingalire izi mwatsatanetsatane. Ndi matenda osawerengeka, kuwonongeka kwa maso kumadziwika nthawi zambiri. Vutoli lomwe lasonyezedwalo limapangidwa mwa odwala ambiri omwe matenda awo ali ndi zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo.

Pozindikira zifukwa zazikulu zakukhazikika kwake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisamala kwambiri shuga wambiri, chizolowezi cha chikonga, komanso mavuto mu ntchito ya impso. Musaiwale za kubadwa kwa majini komanso anthu okalamba odwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa china cha izi chikhoza kukhala magawo aliwonse a mimba.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti retinopathy imayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa retina.

Choyamba, ma capillaries amakhudzidwa, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuvomerezedwa kwa makoma awo. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira mapangidwe a zotupa ndi mapangidwe otupa mwachindunji mu retina, omwe amatha kuchitika kamodzi, kawiri kapena kuposerapo.

Momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda a shuga - kupewa

Ndikotheka kupatula kukhazikitsidwa kwa zovuta zambiri zomwe zaperekedwa ngati njira zina zodzitchinjiriza zimawonedwa. Izi ndizofunikira ngati shuga ya mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wapanga, komanso mitundu ina. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe kupanga zomwe zimaperekedwa akangomupeza. Chidwi chachikulu kwambiri chiyenera kulipira pakutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa.

Musaiwale za kukula kwa kulemera, kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera kapangidwe ka hyperglycemia. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti mutchere khutu kupatula kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga kwa anthu. Inde, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera (ndikofunikira kuganizira kusiyana kulikonse pakati pawo). Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupewa amatchedwa akatswiri kuti azichita kuyang'anira magazi. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi shuga tsiku lililonse, kutsatira malamulo onse a ndondomekoyi, makamaka, kuichita pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Chifukwa chake, mu shuga mellitus, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta komanso kuopsa kwawo umakhalabe wamphamvu. Kuti muchepetse kuthekera komwe kwaperekedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kufunsa katswiri ndikukumbukira kufunika kotsatira miyambo ndi zikhalidwe zina.

Zonsezi zipangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza chiphuphu chokwanira pa matenda ashuga komanso kupatula kukula kwa zovuta, kusiyana komwe kulibe kwakukulu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Palibe amene ali otetezeka ku matenda ashuga a 2, koma ena mwa ife timadwala. Kuphatikiza:

• anthu opitilira 40
• anthu onenepa kwambiri
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo
• anthu odwala matenda oopsa kapena a mtima.

Vuto lalikulu ndikuti odwala ambiri sadziwa za matendawa m'mbuyomu ndipo salandira chithandizo chanthawi, ndikuyika zovuta zambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa?

Matenda a shuga a mellitus, monga matenda ena aliwonse, amakhala odziwika bwino. Mu shuga, zotengera zamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi ulusi wamanjenje zimakhudzidwa makamaka.

Chifukwa chake, ngati vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo a 2 ndilosakwanira, chiwopsezo cha kulowerera kwam'mimba, sitiroko, matenda a impso, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha, kusabala, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (kuphatikizapo khungu), kuchuluka kwa gangren. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyang'anira ma khemedwe awa komanso ziwalo zawo. Koma choopsa chachikulu ndikuti m'magawo oyamba, matenda ashuga ali ndi zofooka kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga ndi osatsimikizika komanso owopsa. Kwambiri, kwa omwe sadziwa momwe angachitire ndi izi.Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe amamudziwa payekhapayekha adzanena molimba mtima kuti: "Kukhala ndi matenda ashuga nkotheka!" Osamveka kwambiri? Ayi, sichoncho.

Kodi a 2 matenda a shuga amathandizidwa bwanji?

Kudziwitsa za chiopsezo ndi gawo loyamba komanso lofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga a 2. Gawo lotsatira, ngakhale lomwe lili ndi udindo waukulu, ndikudziwunikira nokha. Kodi ziwalo ndi machitidwe zimagwira ntchito moyenera? Kodi pali zowonongeka pakhungu la mapazi? Ndipo, zowona, kodi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kudutsa kuposa zikhalidwe? Woyamba amapangitsa wodwalayo kukhala mlendo pafupipafupi wa endocrinologist ndi akatswiri opapatiza. Chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, mwamwayi, zitha kuchitidwa kunyumba.

Pazonse, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga m'migawo yoyambirira imakhala ndi zakudya zapadera (zomwe zimadziwika kuti tebulo 9 la shuga) ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Pambuyo pake, insulin yowonjezera ingafunike.

Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino pankhani yovutayi ndi njira zomwe zimatengedwa munthawi yake. Ndi malingaliro oyenera ku thanzi lawo, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kukhala moyo wonse.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji?

Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Komabe, ndizotheka konse kuletsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwake. Chifukwa chakuti magawo oyamba, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi matchulidwe, ndikofunikira, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kuti azionanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Makamaka chisamaliro cha shuga chikuyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40. Izi zitha kuchitika pachipatala cha distilikiti. Komabe, kwa iwo omwe sakonda ndipo sangathe kukhala ndi nthawi pamizere, pali njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta: kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta ngati kugwiritsa ntchito thermometer wamba, zotsatira zake kafukufuku ndizolondola kwambiri ndipo zimawonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuchita kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer sikutanthauza maphunziro apadera ndipo imawonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi shuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhudza anthu achikulire. Monga lamulo, iwo amakhala okakamira komanso osakonzekera nthawi zonse zida ndi zida zatsopano. Masiku ano, mafakitale amagulitsa glucometer omwe ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwa zabwino zawo zamakono zamakono ndizosowa mabatani ndi mndandanda wovuta. Palinso ma glucometer omwe, akajambulitsa magazi oopsa kapena oopsa, amamuuza mwiniwakeyo za izi ndikumawalimbikitsa kuti achitepo kanthu.

Musaiwale kuti kupewa ndiye chithandizo chabwino kwambiri, makamaka pankhani ya matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, glucometer ndi chida chomwe, pamodzi ndi thermometer ndi tonometer, chizikhala mu nduna iliyonse yamankhwala!

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga komanso momwe mungakhalire ndi izi.

Potengera momwe matenda a shuga akuperewera, zovuta zosagwirizana mthupi zimatha kuchitika zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ngakhale kufa kwa wodwalayo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu opitilira 4 miliyoni amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha zovuta za matendawa.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha zovuta ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ma capillaries komanso zotumphukira zamanjenje.

Zombo zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri zimapangidwa kumtunda kwa retina, mu renal glomeruli, pamapazi. Mawu apadera amatengedwa, omwe akuwonetsa komwe mavutowo adawonedwa:

Chowoneka bwino m'chipatala cha matenda, zovuta zimatha msanga.

Mavuto onse amatendawa amagawidwa m'magulu:

• lakuthwa kapena koyambirira
• mochedwa kapena wodwala.