Shuga 5

Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa kupangika kwa chilengedwe, kumawonetsa kulondola kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo pafupifupi dongosolo lonse la endocrine ndi ubongo zimakhudzidwa ndi kukonza kwake.

Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha chifukwa cha mahomoni okha - insulin. Nthawi zambiri, amathandizidwa m'malo ochepa, ndipo poyankha chakudya, kutulutsa kwake kumapangitsa kuti glucose alowe m'maselo ndikuphatikizanso mphamvu. Mahomoni a adrenal gland, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi glucagon ochokera ku ma cell a pancreatic alpha amathandizira kukulitsa glycemia.

Kuyeza kwa glycemia kumawonetsedwa kwa anthu onse okalamba ndi okalamba osachepera 1 pachaka, ndipo ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri. Muyeneranso kuwunika shuga wamagazi anu kuti muwone ngati angayesedwe ngati woyamba chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Kodi shuga wamagazi amawongolera motani?

Glucose wa maselo amthupi amakhala chida champhamvu. Kudya kwake m'thupi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe kumakhala ndi chakudya.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa malowedwe kulowa m'magazi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake - kuchokera pamatumbo osavuta amkati amayamba kulowa m'mkamwa, ndipo zovuta zimayamba kuthyoledwa ndi amylase enzyme, kenako glucose kuchokera kwa iwo imalowanso m'magazi.

Kenako maselo amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la glucose pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe, ndipo yambiri imasungidwa m'chiwindi ngati glycogen kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pakuwonjezera kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena m'maganizo, kusowa kwa zakudya.

Komanso, malamulo a glycemia amachitika ndi njira izi:

• Kulowa kwa minofu yodalira insulin (chiwindi, minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose) mu cell kumachitika pambuyo pa kulumikizana kwa insulin ndi cholandilira china.
• Kuwonongeka kwa glycogen ndi kupangidwa kwa mamolekyulu atsopano a shuga m'magazi amayendetsedwa ndi insulin.
• Kupanga kwa insulin ndi kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi minofu kumadalira momwe magwiridwe antchito a neuroendocrine amagwirira ntchito: hypothalamus ndi gitu pisititary, komanso ma pancreas ndi gren adrenal.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, insulin secretion imakulanso. Izi zimachitika ndikulimbikitsidwa mwachindunji ndi mamolekyulu a shuga a islet cell a kapamba. Njira yachiwiri yolimbikitsira kutulutsa kwa insulini ndikuyambitsa ma receptors mu hypothalamus, omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Insulin ilamula chiwindi kuti apange glycogen m'magazi a m'magazi, ndi maselo kuti amwe. Zotsatira zake, shuga wamagazi amachepa. Wotsutsa wa insulin ndi mahomoni achiwiri a pancreatic (glucagon). Ngati shuga wachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti glucagon amalowa m'magazi ndikuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa masitolo a glycogen ndikupanga shuga watsopano m'chiwindi.

Ma mahormoni ochokera ku adrenal medulla, omwe amaphatikizapo norepinephrine ndi adrenaline, glucocorticoids ochokera ku kotekisi, ali ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi glucagon. Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi thyroxine (mahomoni a chithokomiro) amathanso kukulitsa glycemia.

Ndiye kuti, mahomoni onse otulutsidwa panthawi yopsinjika, zochitika zowonjezereka za dongosolo lamafundo achifundo zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi, ndipo kamvekedwe kabwino ka dipatimenti ya parasympathetic ili ndi zotsutsana (kutsitsa).

Chifukwa chake, pakati pa usiku ndi m'mawa kwambiri pomwe pali mphamvu zambiri za shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi

Njira yoyamba yofufuzira shuga imachitika pambuyo pakupuma kwa maola 8 mu chakudya, makamaka m'mawa. Phunzirolo lisanachitike, simungamamwe khofi, utsi, kusewera masewera. Kusanthula kungachitike mu labotale iliyonse kapena palokha kunyumba.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula chida chonyamula - glucometer. Ndiwunikidwe ndi zida za cholumikizira chala ndi zingwe zoyeserera pomwe magazi amayikidwa. Pansi pa vuto losabala, muyenera kuboola pilo ya mphete kapena chala chapakati. Manja amasambitsidwa m'madzi otentha ndi sopo.

Tsambalo limapukuta bwino kuti madzi asasokeretse zotsatira zake. Pilo yocheperako imabwanyidwa ndi lancet mbali ya chala ndi 2-3 mm, dontho loyamba la magazi silikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo lachiwiri limayikidwa pa mzere woyeza. Kubinya chala kumayenera kukhala kofooka kuti madzi am'magazi asalowe m'magazi.

Kuunikira kwa zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika mwa njira zotsatirazi:

Ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse pamatendawa, komanso pamalire a malire, kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zosonyeza matenda a shuga, wodwalayo amayesedwa ndi shuga. Odwala amatchulidwa ndi zizindikiro za atherosulinosis, kulimbitsa matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, polyneuropathy yachilendo osadziwika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuti achite mayesowa m'masiku atatu, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe amakonda, azigwirizana ndi dokotala kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kuthetsa nkhawa, kudya kwambiri, komanso kumwa mowa. Ma regimen akumwa amakhalabe yemweyo, koma phunzirolo lisanachitike.

Muyeso umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako pambuyo pa mphindi 60 ndi maola awiri mutatha shuga a g ga. Mulingo womwe thupi limatha kuyamwa glucose amawerengeredwa. Zizindikiro zachilendo zimaganizira kuwonjezeka kwa 7.7 mmol / l. Ngati atatha maola awiri kukwera kwa glycemia kudutsa 11.1, ndiye umboni pamavuto a shuga.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka pakati pa zinthu izi zimawunikidwa ngati njira yotsimikizika ya matenda a shuga, kulekerera pang'ono kwa chakudya chamafuta. Zikatero, chakudya chimalembedwa kuti chimachepetsa mafuta ochulukirapo komanso mafuta a nyama ndi prophylactic kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, chofunikira kuyenera kukhala kuchepa kwa thupi pakanenepa kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi

M'magazi a ana aang'ono, kuchepa kwa shuga kumakhala kwakuthupi. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pazochitika za mwana wobadwa kale.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino kwa makanda amachokera ku 2.75 mpaka 4.35 mmol / L, shuga wamagazi m'mwana wazaka zapamwamba mpaka 5 mmol / L ndi gawo lam'mwambamwamba, pomwe sayenera kugwa pansi 3.3 mmol / L.

Kwa ana asukulu, malire omwewo monga akulu amatengedwa ngati chizolowezi. Ngati mwa ana akusala magazi a 6.2 mmol / L apezeka, ndiye kuti amatchedwa hyperglycemia, kutsata kwa glucose kosakwana 2.5 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.

Mayeso okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga amawonetsedwa ngati mwana wapeza chizindikiro cha 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / l. Glucose imaperekedwa kwa ana pamlingo wa 1.75 g / kg pa kilogalamu ya thupi.

Mutha kuyankhula za matenda ashuga okhala ndi m'mimba opanda kanthu 5.5 ndi pamwambapa, ndipo patatha maola awiri pamwamba pa 7.7 (mfundo zonse mmol / l).

Kuchepetsa chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya nthawi yapakati

Thupi la azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera limamangidwanso mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni omwe amapanga thumba losunga mazira ndi placenta, komanso adrenal cortex. Ma hormones onsewa amachita mosiyana ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, amayi apakati amakhala ndi insulin kukana, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi yokhudza thupi.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulini kotulutsa sikokwanira kuthana nako, ndiye kuti azimayi amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Pambuyo pa kubala, matenda ashuga a amayi apakati amazimiririka ndipo zizindikirazo zimabwereranso. Koma odwala oterewa amawasamutsira ku gulu lowopsa, ndipo akakhala pamavuto ena akhoza kupeza matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Matenda a shuga ochitika m'mimba nthawi zambiri samayendera limodzi ndi matenda a hyperglycemia, koma kwa mwana izi za amayi ake zimakhala zowopsa. Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti mwana amatha kubadwa ndi zovuta zapakati. Nthawi yowopsa kwambiri ya matenda ashuga imayambira miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi itatu ya bere.

Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga limaphatikizapo:

• Amayi onenepa kwambiri omwe anali asanakhale ndi pakati kapena kukula mwachangu panthawiyi.
• Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri kwa abale apamtima.
• Pathupi kapena mwana wosabadwa wakufa m'mimba yapitayi.
• Anomalies of development or lalikulu-zipatso.
• Polycystic ovary.

Njira zodziwira matendawa ndi izi: kusala kudya kwa glycemia pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / l, ndipo pambuyo pakuyamwa kwa glucose (kuyesa kwa glucose) kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 7.8 mmol / l.

Ndi ma pathologies ati omwe amasintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi?

Zosintha zamagazi m'magazi mwina sizingagwirizane ndi pathological mamiriro. Glycemia nthawi zambiri amatuluka atatha kudya, makamaka ngati ili ndi mafuta osavuta. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa kulimbitsa thupi, chifukwa nthawi ino masitolo a glycogen mu minofu minofu amamwa.

Magawo a hyperglycemia omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika amapezeka ndi ululu waukulu, mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya infarction ya myocardial, kugwidwa kwa khunyu, kumayaka ndi malo akulu owonongeka.

Kukaniza chakudya kumachepa ndi opaleshoni mankhwala a duodenum kapena m'mimba. Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya sichimakhala m'mimba ndipo chimalowa m'matumbo mwachangu, kuchokera pomwe glucose imakhazikika kulowa m'magazi.

Kuchulukana kwotalikilapo kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi mafupa am'mitsempha, kumachitika ndikukula kwa shuga. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia. Matenda amtundu amatsogolera ku mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, ndi mavairasi, kupsinjika ndi vuto la chitetezo cha mthupi limakhala ngati chinthu choyambitsa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umakhalanso ndi cholowa pamtundu wa chitukuko, koma umakhala ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri kuti umatha kukhala munthu wamkulu kapena wokalamba, wonenepa kwambiri, wokhala ndi zovuta zamitsempha yamagazi, matenda oopsa a mtima.

Matenda omwe amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia (kupatula shuga) ndi awa:

1. Matenda a chiwindi.
2. Pancreatitis, khansa ya kapamba.
3. Kuchotsa kapamba.
4. Kuvulala kwam'mutu.
5. Thirotooticosis.
6. Hormonal pathologies: acromegalmia, Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, gigantism, pheochromocytoma.

Kudya kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku gulu la antihypertensive, diuretic ndi psychotropic, kulera kwapakamwa, glucocorticosteroids, mankhwala a thyrotropic ndi catecholamines angayambitse kuchepa kwa kulekerera kwa shuga.

Kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kwa mwana kapena munthu wamkulu kulinso kovuta, popeza kuti kuchepa kwa maselo aubongo kumachepetsedwa, kukomoka kwambiri kwa hypoglycemic kumatha kupha. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo osachiritsika ngati wodwala apitilira muyeso wa insulini kapena kudumpha chakudya, ndikuledzera.

Kuphatikiza kwa insulin komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ma aspirin, maantibayotiki, ma antidepressants, antihistamines angayambitse kuchepa kwa glycemia. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin osati pansi pakhungu, koma vuto la hypoglycemic limatha kukhazikika.

Pathologies pomwe magazi a shuga amatsika amaphatikizapo: hepatic necrosis, kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe am'matumbo m'matumbo (malabsorption), matenda a Addison (kuchepa kwa ntchito ya adrenal gland), kuchepa kwa pituitary ntchito, chotupa cha pancreatic.

Mukamapanga kuzindikira, zolakwika za zakudya, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwakuthupi ndi kupsinjika, mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, makamaka mwa akazi, kuyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Chifukwa chake, muyeso umodzi wokha wa shuga sapereka chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza kupezeka kwa chakudya. Kuti muwonetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetse, kuyesedwa kwathunthu kumayesedwa: kuyezetsa magazi mozama kwambiri, kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin, urinalysis, ndipo, malinga ndi mawonekedwe, kuyezetsa kwa ultrasound.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati magazi a magazi atuluka? Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi katswiri mu kanema munkhaniyi.