Ndi mahomoni ati omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga (m'magazi) m'magazi, kutsika ndikuwonjezeka

Glucose kutsitsa mahomoni - insulin.

Ma mahormone a Contrinsular - adrenaline, glucagon, glucocorticoids, mahomoni a chithokomiro STH.

Insulin - Anabolic imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka:

Ndipo imalepheretsa kuvunda kwawo.

• kumawonjezera kukula kwa masanjidwe am'magazi a glucose ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake pakugwiritsa ntchito minyewa (kuyambitsa mapuloteni am'magazi othamanga),

• imayendetsa reaction ya hexokinase, imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glucokinase,

• imayendetsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, imalepheretsa kuphwanya kwake,

• imayendetsa kuzungulira kwa pentose,

• imayambitsa kusokonekera kwa dichotomycetic,

• pansi pa insulin, kuchuluka kwa cAMP kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa cGMP kumawonjezeka,

• mu minofu amathandizira biosynthesis ya nucleotides ndi ma nucleic acid,

• imathandizira biosynthesis yamafuta acids, mafuta osalowerera (ochokera kwa chakudya),

• imathandizira biosynthesis ya DNA, RNA, ATP,

• Ili ndi puloteni yoteteza.

Adrenaline:

• imayendetsa phosphorylase ya minofu ndi chiwindi,

• timaletsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen (timaletsa glycogen synthetase),

• imalimbikitsa gluconeogenesis kuchokera ku lactate,

• imayambitsa kuphwanya kwa lipids mu minofu ya adipose

Glucagon:

• imayendetsa phosphorylase ya chiwindi,

• imayendetsa gluconeogenesis kuchokera ku amino acid, imathandizira proteinolysis,

- imapangitsa kuthana ndi mafuta m'madipo amafuta,

• amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta ndi cholesterol.

STG:

• imakhala ndi mphamvu yopulumutsa shuga chifukwa cha kuyambitsa lipolysis,

• amasintha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo,

• Imaletsa kutulutsa kwa glucose mu cell,

• kumapangitsa secretion wa insulin ndi glucagon.

Glucocorticoids:

• yambitsa gluconeogenesis kuchokera ku amino acid,

• ziletsa shuga kupezeka ndi minofu,

• zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni mu minofu, minyewa yolumikizana, ma lymphocyte,

• yambitsa kuchepa kwa lipid.

Thonje:

• kumathandizira mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo,

• imalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta m'magazi,

• Mlingo waukulu, umapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, lipids, activate gluconeogeneis.

Kuphatikizika ndi katulutsidwe wa insulin ndi glucagon imayendetsedwa ndi shuga. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, insulin secretion imawonjezeka, ndipo shuga amachepetsa.

Mukugaya, kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikokwera komanso kuchuluka kwa glucagon kumakhala kotsika.

Mu nthawi ya postabsorption, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumakhala kotsika, ndipo glucagon ndiwambiri. Kuzungulira kwa shuga m'magazi pazinthu izi kumasungidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi ndi gluconeogeneis.

Pa maola 12 othamanga, chiwindi cha glycogen chimapereka shuga.

Low insulin - glucagon index imayambitsa kutsegula kwa glycogen phosphorylase ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa glycogen.

Patatha tsiku limodzi chatha chakudya chomaliza, glycogen m'chiwindi imatopa kwathunthu ndipo gluconeogenesis ndiye yekhayo amene amapereka shuga m'magazi.

3) M'magazi, zomwe mumapanga mu urea zimachepa. Ndi njira ziti zowonongeka za metabolic zomwe zingaganizidwe, ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta izi?

Kuzungulira kwa Ornithine, kusowa kwa michere

Sanapeze zomwe mukuyang'ana? Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka:

Mawu abwino:Kwa ophunzira sabata lino ngakhale, zosamveka komanso zoyesa. 9147 - | 7330 - kapena werengani zonse.

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Magazi a glucose olamulira: amatsitsa ndi kukweza shuga?

Mthupi la munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga, mumakhala ma mahomoni ena a shuga omwe amathandiza kuti shuga azikhala bwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo insulin, adrenaline, glucagon, mahomoni okula, cortisol.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe kapamba amatulutsa, amakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kupewa kuphwanya thupi. Ngati kuchepa kwa insulini ya mahomoni m'thupi, zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimayamba kuchuluka kwambiri, chifukwa chake matenda oopsa otchedwa shuga mellitus amakula.

Chifukwa cha glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol ndi mahomoni okula, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukitsa, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ngati hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, insulin ndi chinthu chowongolera mu shuga - timadzi timene timatsitsa shuga.

Thupi la munthu wathanzi limatha kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi ocheperako pakati pa 4 ndi 7 mmol / lita. Wodwala akayamba kuchepa m'magazi mpaka 3.5 mmol / lita kapena kutsikira, munthuyo amayamba kumva bwino kwambiri.

Mchere wochepetsedwa umakhudzanso ntchito zonse za thupi, uwu ndi mtundu wa kuyesera kufotokozera zambiri za ubongo za kuchepa komanso kusowa kwenikweni kwa shuga. Pakakhala kuchepa kwa shuga mthupi, magwero onse a glucose angayambike kutenga nawo mbali moyenera.

Makamaka, shuga amayamba kupanga ma protein ndi mafuta. Komanso, zinthu zofunika zimalowa m'magazi kuchokera ku chakudya, chiwindi, pomwe shuga amasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a glycogen.

• Ngakhale kuti ubongo ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimapanga insulin, sichingagwire ntchito mokwanira popanda kupezeka kwa glucose nthawi zonse. Ndi shuga wamagazi ochepa, kupanga insulini kumayima, izi ndizofunikira kuti tisunge glucose wa bongo.
• Pakusakhalapo kwazinthu zofunikira, ubongo umayamba kusinthasintha ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma ketones. Pakadali pano, mphamvu izi sizingakhale zokwanira.
• Chithunzi chosiyana kotheratu chimakhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri. Maselo osadalira insulin amayamba kutenga shuga mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa munthu ndi matenda a shuga.

Ngati insulin imathandizira kuchepetsa shuga, ndiye kuti cortisol, adrenaline, glucagon, kukula kwa mahomoni kumawonjezera. Monga kuchuluka kwa glucose okwanira, deta yochepetsedwa ndiwopseza thupi lonse, munthu amakhala ndi hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, mahomoni aliwonse m'magazi amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Komanso, dongosolo lamagetsi loyendetsera munthu limakhala ndi gawo limodzi pokonza matenda a mahomoni.

Kupanga kwa glucagon yam'mimba kumachitika mu kapamba; amapangidwa ndi ma alpha maselo a islets a Langerhans. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kutenga nawo gawo kumachitika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa glucose kuchokera ku glycogen m'chiwindi, ndipo glucagon imathandizanso kupanga glucose kuchokera pamapuloteni.

Monga mukudziwa, chiwindi chimagwira ngati malo osungira shuga. Mwazi wa glucose ukachuluka, mwachitsanzo, mutatha kudya, glucose mothandizidwa ndi insulini ya mahomoni amapezeka m'maselo a chiwindi ndipo amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a glycogen.

Mkulu wa shuga akakhala wochepa komanso osakwanira, mwachitsanzo, usiku, glucagon amalowa ntchito. Imayamba kuphwanya glycogen kupita ku glucose, yemwe kenako amawonekera m'magazi.

1. Masana, munthu akumva ludzu maola anayi aliwonse, ngakhale usiku thupi limatha kudya popanda maola opitilira asanu ndi atatu. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yausiku pali kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku glucose.
2. Mu shuga mellitus, musaiwale kubwezeretsanso kupezeka kwa zinthuzi, apo ayi glucagon sangathe kuwonjezera shuga, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.
3. Zomwezi zimachitikanso nthawi zambiri ngati wodwala matenda ashuga sanadye kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kusewera masewera masana, chifukwa chomwe glycogen yonse idadyedwa masana. Kuphatikiza pa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika. Ngati munthu amamwa mowa tsiku lathalo, chifukwa amaletsa ntchito ya shuga.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuwunika kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 kumangoletsa kupanga kwa cell ya beta-cell, komanso kusintha ntchito ya maselo a alpha. Makamaka, kapamba sangathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa glucagon komwe kumachitika m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, zovuta za insulin ndi glucagon zimasokonekera.

Kuphatikiza mu odwala matenda ashuga, kupanga glucagon sikuchepa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulini imagwiridwa mosamala, imayenda pang'onopang'ono kupita ku ma alpha, chifukwa pomwe kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumachepa ndipo sikungaletse kupanga glucagon. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa glucose kuchokera ku chakudya, shuga kuchokera ku chiwindi cholandiridwa mu nthawi ya kuwola amakhalanso m'magazi.

Ndikofunikira kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi kutsika kwa glucagon pafupi ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito vuto la hypoglycemia.

Adrenaline ndi mahomoni opsinjika omwe amatulutsidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa m'mimba. Zimathandizira kukulitsa shuga m'magazi ndikuphwanya glycogen m'chiwindi. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa adrenaline kumachitika pamavuto, kutentha thupi, acidosis. Madzi amtunduwu amathandizanso kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi maselo amthupi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachitika chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa shuga kuchokera ku glycogen m'chiwindi, kuyamba kwa kupanga kwa glucose kuchokera pamapuloteni azakudya, komanso kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe ake ndi maselo amthupi. Adrenaline mu hypoglycemia imatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro pakunjenjemera, palpitations, kuchuluka thukuta Komanso, mahomoni amalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.

Poyamba, zidakhazikitsidwa mwachilengedwe kuti kupanga kwa adrenaline ya mahomoni kunachitika atakumana ndi zoopsa. Munthu wakale anafunika mphamvu zowonjezerapo kuti amenye chirombo. M'moyo wamakono, kupanga kwa adrenaline nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndikakhala ndi nkhawa kapena mantha chifukwa cha nkhani zoipa. Motere, mphamvu zowonjezera sizofunikira kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto lotere.

• Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulini imayamba kupangidwira mwachangu panthawi yopsinjika, chifukwa chomwe mafuta am shuga amakhala abwinobwino. Sikovuta kuti odwala matenda ashuga asiye kusangalala kapena mantha. Ndi matenda a shuga, insulini sikokwanira, chifukwa cha izi pali chiopsezo chotenga zovuta zazikulu.
• Ndi hypoglycemia wodwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa adrenaline kumakweza shuga m'magazi ndipo kumapangitsa kutsekeka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi. Pakalipano, mahomoni amawonjezera thukuta, amayambitsa kugunda kwamtima komanso kumva kuda nkhawa. Adrenaline amawononganso mafuta kuti apange mafuta aulere acids, ndipo ma ketoni mu chiwindi amapanga kuchokera kwa iwo mtsogolo.

Cortisol ndi timadzi tofunikira kwambiri timene timatulutsidwa ndimatumbo a adrenal pakachitika zinthu zovuta komanso zimathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa glucose kuchokera m'mapuloteni komanso kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe ake ndi maselo amthupi. Hemoni imaphwanyanso mafuta kuti apange mafuta achepetsa, omwe ma ketoni amapangidwa.

Pokhala ndi cortisol yayitali yodwala matenda ashuga, pamakhala kuchuluka, kukhumudwa, kuchepa kwamatumbo, mavuto amatumbo, kuchuluka kwa mtima, kusowa tulo, munthu akukalamba mwachangu, akulemera.

1. Ndi okwera mahomoni ambiri, matenda a shuga amayamba popanda zovuta ndipo mitundu yonse yamavuto imayamba. Cortisol imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga - choyamba pochepetsa kupanga insulin, pambuyo poyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu minofu ku glucose.
2. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za cortisol yayikulu ndikumverera kosalekeza kwa njala komanso kufunitsitsa kudya maswiti. Pakadali pano, ichi chimakhala chifukwa chodyetsa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mu matenda ashuga, mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mimba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa testosterone kumachepetsedwa. Kuphatikiza ndi mahomoniwa chitetezo chochepa, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa wodwala.

Chifukwa chakuti thupi limagwira ntchito mopanda malire ndi zochitika za cortisol, chiopsezo cha munthu amene ali ndi stroke kapena kuvulala ndi mtima chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, timadzi timene timachepetsa kuloza thupi kwa collagen ndi calcium, zomwe zimayambitsa mafupa osalimba ndikuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono njira yobwezeretsanso minofu ya mafupa.

Kupanga kwa hormone yokukula kumachitika mu pituitary gland, yomwe ili pafupi ndi ubongo. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulimbikitsa kukula, ndipo mahomoni amathanso kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi mwakuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi maselo amthupi.

Kukula kwa mahomoni kumachulukitsa minofu ndikuwonjezera kuchepa kwamafuta. Makulidwe amakulu a mahomoni amapezeka mu achinyamata, akamayamba kukula mwachangu komanso kutha msanga kumachitika. Ndi nthawi iyi yomwe kufunika kwa insulin kumawonjezeka.

Panthawi ya matenda obwera chifukwa cha shuga, wodwalayo amatha kuchepa. Izi ndichifukwa choti pakapita nthawi yayitali, mahomoni amakula amakhala othandizira kwambiri pakupanga somatomedins. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, pakadali pano, chiwindi chimapeza kukanidwa ndi zotsatira za timadzi timeneti.

Ndi chithandizo cha insulin chakanthawi, vutoli limatha kupewedwa.

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, okhala ndi mahomoni ambiri m'thupi, zitha kuwoneka. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kupsinjika pafupipafupi, kugwirira ntchito mwachangu, kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa testosterone, azimayi amatha kukhala ndi estradiol.

Komanso, wodwalayo amasokonezedwa ndi kugona, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro sichigwira ntchito mwamphamvu yonse. Kuphwanya phokoso kumatha kuyambitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zopatsa mphamvu.

Nthawi zambiri, ndikuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, kuchuluka kofunikira kwa insulin kumapangidwa, timadzi timtunduwu timatsogolera glucose ku minofu ya minofu kapena kudera lodzikundikira. Ndi zaka kapena chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, ma insulin receptors amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo shuga sangathe kulumikizana ndi mahomoni.

• Pankhaniyi, munthu atatha kudya, kuwerengera kwa glucose kumakhalabe okwera kwambiri. Cholinga cha izi chagona mu insulin, ngakhale kuti imapangidwa.
• Omwe amathandizira ku ubongo amazindikira shuga wambiri nthawi zonse, ndipo ubongo umatumiza chizindikiridwe choyenera kwa kapamba, kufuna kuti atulutse insulin yochulukirapo kuti isinthe. Zotsatira zake, mahomoni amakula m'maselo ndi magazi, shuga amafalikira thupi lonse, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga amakula ndi hypoglycemia.

Komanso, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, amachepetsa chidwi cha insulin ya mahomoni nthawi zambiri, zimawonjezera vutoli. Mwanjira imeneyi, wodwala matenda ashuga amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi shuga.

Shuga imadziunjikira mwa ma depositi amafuta m'malo momangowononga mphamvu. Popeza insulin pakadali pano sangathe kukhudza maselo a minofu, munthu amatha kuwona zotsatira za kuchepa kwa chakudya chofunikira.

Popeza maselo alibe mafuta ambiri, thupi limangolandira chizindikiro cha njala, ngakhale kuti pali shuga wambiri. Vutoli limapweteketsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, maonekedwe onenepa kwambiri komanso kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi kukula kwa matendawo, zinthu zomwe zimachulukitsa thupi zimangokulirakulira.

1. Chifukwa chosazindikira kwenikweni za insulin, munthu amayamba kunenepa ngakhale ndi chakudya chochepa. Vuto lofananalo limachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azitha kutenga matenda opatsirana.
2. Mapilala amawonekera pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
3. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu yosalala m'mitsempha, magazi amathira ziwalo zofunika zamkati amachepa kwambiri.
4. Magazi amakhala povutirapo ndipo amayambitsa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Monga lamulo, hemoglobin mu shuga, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi insulin kukana, imakhala yotsika.

Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa mosangalatsa zinsinsi za insulin.

Mahomoni omwe amayang'anira shuga wa magazi amaphatikizapo:

Insulin ndi timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatsitsa shuga m'magazi. Imakhala ngati "chitseko" cha glucose mu cell. Insulin ndi yofunika kwa thupi ndipo imadzipatulira pagawo "Insulin ndi kufunika kwake kwa thupi."

Glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, mahomoni okula - mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa shuga wamagazi. Zambiri za aliyense wa iwo mtsogolomo.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji thupi limayang'anira glucose wamagazi?

Mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga, thupi limatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'malire ochepa, pafupifupi pakati pa 4 ndi 7 mmol / L. Mwazi wa glucose akatsika pang'onopang'ono mpaka 3.5 - 4.0 mmol / l, munthu amamva bwino. Kutsika kwa glucose m'magazi kumakhudza kusintha konse komwe kumachitika m'thupi, motero thupi limayesa kuuza ubongo kuti ili ndi glucose yotsalira. Thupi limayesetsa kutulutsa shuga kuchokera kumagwero ake, komanso kupanga glucose kuchokera m'mafuta ndi mapuloteni (Scheme 1).

Ubongo sungasunge glucose, chifukwa chake zimatengera yunifolomu ndi kusinthasintha kwa glucose kosalekeza ndi mtsinje wamagazi.

Ubongo sungagwire ntchito popanda kupezeka kwa glucose okwanira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ubongo sufuna insulin kuti isunthe glucose kulowa mu cell; ndi ya "osagwirizana ndi insulin". Poyamba, izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zosagwirizana, komabe, ngati thupi lili ndi shuga ochepa, kupanga insulini kumayima, potero kusungirako shuga kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri, zomwe ndi ubongo. Koma ngati thupi silikupitilizabe kulandira shuga (ngati munthu ali ndi njala), ubongo umasinthasintha ndikugwiritsa ntchito gwero lina lamphamvu, makamaka ma ketoni.

Ngakhale kuti maselo a mu ubongo amatulutsa mphamvu zina kuchokera ku ma ketones, akadali ocheperako pogwiritsa ntchito shuga.

Zinthu Zofananira:

Kumbali inayo, ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa glucose kumakhala kwakukulu, maselo osadalira insulin amatenga shuga wambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha izi zimawasokoneza ndipo potero, zimasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse.

Momwe mahomoni amasungunulira shuga m'magazi, gulu la mahomoni (glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, kukula kwa timadzi) limakulitsa (Chiwembu 2). Glucose wotsika kwambiri (hypoglycemia) ndiwowopsa m'miyoyo yathupi. Chifukwa chake, gulu lonse la mahomoni ndi lomwe limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, nawonso gulu ili la mahomoni limatchedwa mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni. Ndipo machitidwe amthupi omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amatchedwa anti-reaction reaction. Kuphatikiza pa mahomoni, dongosolo laumwini lazamakhalidwe limathandizidwanso pakuchita koyipa.

Glucagon ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba, omwe ndi ma alfa maselo a zisumbu za Langerhans.

Kukula kwamafuta

Kukula kwa mahomoni kumapangidwa mu pituitary gland, yomwe imangokhala pansi paubongo (mkuyu. 5).

Ntchito yayikulu ya mahomoni okula ndikuthandizira kukula. Zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi pochepetsa kuthana ndi shuga wama cell a thupi. Kukula kwa mahomoni kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa minofu ya minofu ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.

Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, achinyamata akamakula msanga, amakula timadzi tambiri timene timakula, motero, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakufunika insulin.

Zodabwitsa za "mbandakucha" kapena "mbandakucha"

M'magulu onse olimbana ndi mahomoni, kutulutsa pachimake kumachitika m'mawa. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuyambira 3-4 mpaka 7-8 m'mawa, ndipo amatha kudzuka m'mawa ndi glucose wambiri. Werengani zambiri zam'mawa zam'mawa.

Ziphuphu zakumaso

Ma mahomoni omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi contra-mahormone amakhala zinthu zofunikira kwachilengedwe zomwe zimasunga kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa chakudya komanso panthawi yowonjezera ya metabolic (kukula, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda).

Mwa mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri amatha kudziwa:

Kutsika kwa glucose

M'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, palibe chifukwa chothawira chimbalangondo kapena kusaka nyama kuti asafe ndi njala.

Mashopu ogulitsa zinthu zikuluzikulu amaphulika ndi zakudya zopezeka mosavuta.

Nthawi yomweyo, thupi limangokhala ndi njira imodzi yokhayo yotsitsira shuga - insulin.

Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lathu la hypoglycemic silitha kuthana ndi nkhawa zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda ashuga asintha kwambiri kukhala m'nthawi yathu ino.

Insulin ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu kagayidwe ka glucose kagayidwe. Amapangidwa ndi ma cell a beta omwe amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans za kapamba.

Insulin imatulutsidwa m'magazi pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera ndi zomwe zimadziwika kuti machitidwe a mayankho. Hormone iyi imapangitsa maselo a chiwindi kusanduliza monosugar kukhala glycogen ndikuisunga m'njira yopanga mphamvu yayikulu.

Kupanga kwa insulin

Pafupifupi 2/3 minofu ya thupi ili m'gulu la otchedwa insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti glucose sangathe kulowa mu maselo popanda kuyimira mahomoni awa.

Pamene insulin imamangilira ku glUT 4 receptors, njira zina zotseguka komanso mapuloteni onyamula zimayambitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, glucose amalowa mu cell, ndikusintha kwake kumayamba, magawo omaliza ake omwe ndi madzi, kaboni dayokisi ndi michere ya ATP.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin chifukwa cha kapamba, chifukwa chake glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Kuchulukitsa kwa ndende kumapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale ndi poizoni, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta mu mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga ndi neuropathy.

Mpaka pano, palibe njira zabwino zochizira matendawa zomwe zidapangidwa, kupatula chithandizo chamankhwala ndi insulin, chomwe chomwe ndikutulutsa kwa mahomoni awa ndi syringe kapena pampu yapadera.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kumagwera pazowopsa (pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena pakudwala), maselo a pancreatic alpha amayamba kupanga glucagon, mahomoni omwe amachititsa njira zowonongera glycogen mu chiwindi, potero amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Njira ya metabolic iyi imatchedwa glycogenolysis. Glucagon imalepheretsa kukula kwa zinthu zam'magazi pakati pa chakudya, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti gawo lake limakhalapo bola ngati pali malo ogulitsira a glycogen m'chiwindi.

Makampani opanga mankhwala amatulutsa timadzi timeneti mu njira yothetsera jakisoni. Anayambitsidwa kwambiri hypoglycemic chikomokere.

M'mabuku akunja, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa epinephrine.

Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland komanso minyewa yamitsempha.

Imagwira gawo lofunikira poteteza komanso kusintha kosinthika, kuonjezera magazi m'mitsempha, kumalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwamtima ndi kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Monga mankhwala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zinthu zambiri zadzidzidzi: kumangidwa kozungulira, anaphylaxis, nosebleeds. Itha kukhala yoyenera kuyimitsa kuukira kwa bronchospasm, komanso mu zochitika za hypoglycemic.

Cortisol ndi timadzi tero tero timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timayambitsa matenda a hypothalamic-pituitary.

Imalowa mkati mwa nembanemba ya cell ndikuchita mwachindunji pamitsempha. Chifukwa chake, momwe zimakhudzira kusindikiza kwa majini komanso kutsata njira ya metabolic zimakwaniritsidwa.

Poyankha pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja ndi zamkati, kuphatikizapo kutsitsa shuga, magazi a gluconeogenesis amayamba. Chofunikira chake ndikusintha kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta kukhala glucose ndikupanga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a ATP. Nthawi yomweyo, insulin synthesis imapanikizika, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa ma cell a pancreatic beta komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga a steroid.

Mu transplantology, adalembedwa kupondaponda njira za autoimmune. Ngakhale zili ndi zabwino zonse, zosagwirizana ndi zosafunikira zingayambitse zovuta zingapo.

Kukula kwamafuta

Imapangidwa ndikujambulika mu gamba lanyama lakunja.

Mwachilengedwe chake, somatostatin ndiwosasintha (wopsinjika), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi zovuta zina zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi triglycerides m'magazi.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti somatostatin mu 1980 adaletsedwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito othamanga, chifukwa atatha kutero pali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupirira ndi minofu.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro

Gland ya chithokomiro imapanga mahomoni awiri - thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine. Maphatikizidwe awo amafunikira ayodini. Chitani pafupifupi pafupifupi thupi lonse, zolimbikitsa njira za kukula ndi kusinthika.

Onjezani kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi triglycerides.

Pamapeto pake, kuthana kwantchito kwa michere yopanga mphamvu zochulukirapo kumayamba. Muzochita zamankhwala, mkhalidwe wowonjezera chithokomiro umatchedwa thyrotooticosis. Imawonekera mu mawonekedwe a tachycardia, hyperthermia, ochepa matenda oopsa, kuchepa thupi, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero ndi kusokonekera.

Hypothyroidism ili ndi zizindikiro zotsutsana, monga kunenepa kwambiri, hypoglycemia, kutsika kutentha kwa thupi, komanso kuchepa kwa njira zamaganizidwe. Thyroxine m'malo mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zisanu mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza shuga:

Matenda a shuga ndikuphwanya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose wokhazikika, ndikuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazinthu kakang'ono ka mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ngati monosugar sangathe kulowa m'selo, imatumiza chizindikiro kuti ikufa ndi njala.

Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya adipose kumayamba, kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya triglycerides ndi matupi a ketone, omwe pamapeto pake amachititsa kuledzera (matenda ashuga ketoacidosis). Ngati munthu wavutitsidwa ndi ludzu losatha, kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chokwanira, kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ichi ndi chifukwa chabwino kukaonana ndi endocrinologist.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->