Kodi shuga ndi yoopsa motani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa kapamba. Chiwalochi pang'ono kapena chimalekeratu kutulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala ndi shuga. Ndi kuchepa kwa insulini kapena kusazindikira kwa maselo amthupi kwa iyo, mulingo wamagazi umakwera, womwe ndiwowopsa ku machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse za anthu.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero mdziko lapansi, opitilira 250 miliyoni odwala omwe amalembetsa mtundu wa Type I kapena Type II a mellitus ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikukula mwachangu chaka chilichonse. Komanso, matendawa pawokha ndi ovuta kuwazindikira ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu sazindikira kuti ali ndi shuga wambiri.

Nanga ngozi ya matenda ashuga ndiotani? Kodi zimakhudza bwanji thupi la munthu? Kodi zifukwa zake zimawonekera bwanji? Ndipo ndizotheka kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu ndi matendawa? Tiyesa kuyankha mafunso awa munkhaniyi.

Mtundu woyamba wa I ndi II matenda ashuga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Mtundu wa shuga wa Type I, kapamba samatulutsa timadzi timene timapanga shuga, choncho wodwala amafunika jakisoni wambiri wa insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amawawonedwa makamaka mwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 30.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wa I nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

• matenda opatsirana opatsirana ali ana. ARVI kapena ARI imafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu ndipo imatha kukhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba,
• kulemera kwakubadwa kwakukulu komanso kuchuluka kwa tsogolo la mwana kuti akhale wonenepa kwambiri kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda awa,
• nyengo yakubadwa. Asayansi apeza kuti anthu omwe abadwa mchilimwe nthawi zambiri amatha kudwala matendawa. Kuperewera kwa mavitamini komanso kufooka kwa mayi akamatulutsa kumapangitsa mavuto mu kupanga insulin mwa mwana.
• tsankho. Oimira mtundu wa Negroid mtundu wa matenda I amakhudza nthawi zambiri kuposa azungu.

Matenda a shuga a Type II amadziwika chifukwa chakuti thupi la munthu limatulutsa insulini. Komabe, mwina sizokwanira kapena sizabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, shuga amadziunjikira m'thupi la munthu ndipo amamuchotsa mkodzo. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi zaka zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umadziwonetsa wokha patatha zaka 40.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga II ndi:

• chibadwa. Nthendayi imafalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana. Komabe, ndi moyo wabwino, chiopsezo chitha kuchepetsedwa.
• kunenepa. Kukhala moyo wongokhala ndi kudya zakudya zamafuta owonjezera nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti maonekedwe awowonjezera azikhala ndi zosokoneza pantchito ya ziwalo zonse.
• kuvulala ndi matenda a kapamba. Zotsatira za kuvulala kapena matenda a chiwalo, ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin ya timadzi amatha kukhudzidwa,
• kupsinjika kwa malingaliro ndi kupsinjika. Zinthu izi zimakhudza thupi pofooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa maselo a beta.

Dziwani kuti ngati dokotala atazindikira mochedwa matendawa komanso ngati mwalandira chithandizo chamankhwala mosayembekezereka, mtundu woyamba wa II kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ungayambitse zovuta zingapo komanso zovuta mochedwa.

Zovuta zazovuta

Kuopsa kwamatenda oyamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndikuti akupanga mofulumira. Kupita patsogolo koteroko ndikuchokera kwa maola 2-3 mpaka masiku angapo popanda kutchulidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kofala kwambiri ndi hypoglycemia, m'magawo oyambilira amatha kutsimikiza ndi ludzu losalekeza komanso njala, manja akunjenjemera, kufooka kwathunthu. M'magawo otsatirawa, kugona kapena kuchita zamtopola, chisokonezo, kuwona kawiri, kukhudzika kumawonedwa. Matendawa amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu woyamba I komanso II chifukwa cha kutsika kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi mukamamwa mankhwala amphamvu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kumwa mowa. Kuukira kulikonse kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka kapena kufa, motero ndikofunikira kuzindikira nthawi yake. Kubwezeretsanso kungapewe ngati mupatsa wodwala maswiti, uchi, chidutswa cha keke kapena keke ndi zonona, kapena madzi okha ndi shuga.

Zakudya zoperewera, kuvulala, kusuta fodya komanso kumwa moyenera zimadzetsa zovuta monga ketoacidosis. Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino zamtunduwu ndi pakamwa pouma, kufooka wamba ndi kugona, khungu lowuma, kulemera mwadzidzidzi kapena kuchepa, komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kusowa kwamadzi kumabweretsa kukomoka kwa hypersmolar. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zotere amafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu komanso chisamaliro chachikulu.

Machedwe mavuto

Matenda oterewa amayamba chifukwa chodwala, nthawi zambiri mtundu wa II, wokhala ndi zizindikiro zofowoka, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuzindikiridwa nthawi komanso kuyamba kulandira chithandizo panthawi. Kuzindikira zovuta m'magawo awo apambuyo kumapangitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukhala osathandiza komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kumafunikira opareshoni.

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy amakhala asymptomatic ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti anthu asaone bwino. Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, makoma amitsempha yamaso amakhala ochepa thupi komanso opanda mphamvu. Kutumphuka pafupipafupi kwa ma capillaries komanso zotupa m'mimba kumayambitsa kukhazikika kwake ndikuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono.

Aginopathy ndimtundu wofulumira kwambiri womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa thupi. Amakhudza mitsempha yamagazi ndikukula mkati mwa 1-1,5 zaka. Potere, mitsempha ndi mitsempha zimasokonekera chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi shuga, zimakhala zoonda komanso zowonda. Sangathenso kudzaza maselo a ziwalo ndi machitidwe ndi zinthu zofunikira. Matendawa amayambitsa kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a miyendo komanso kulumala.

Pokhala ndikuwonekera nthawi yayitali ndikulemba mtundu wa matenda a shuga a II ndikuyimira mtundu wamanjenje, chiwopsezo ndikukula kwa polyneuropathy - matenda omwe amakhudza minofu ya miyendo. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa chimatha kutchedwa kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi zala ndi zala - zimasiya kumva kuzizira, kutentha, kupweteka. Izi zimabweretsa zovulala zambiri kumphepete, mapangidwe a ma abscesses, ma chimanga, othandizira komanso phazi la matenda ashuga - zilonda zotseguka pamphepete mwendo kapena phewa la mwendo. Popewa matendawa, muyenera kuvala nsapato zolimba komanso zolimba, kutsekemera ndikutulutsa khungu la miyendo mothandizidwa ndi malo osambira ofunda tsiku lililonse komanso kutikita mokwanira.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chitetezo chake chimafooka kwambiri, kotero ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono amachira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mavuto aakulu

Nanga ngozi ya matenda ashuga ndiotani? Popita nthawi, zimakhudza kwambiri ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe a thupi ndipo zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwawo pang'ono. Ngati munthu akudwala matendawa kwa zaka zopitilira 12, atha kukhala otsimikiza kusintha kwakukulu ndi kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi mitsempha, chiwindi ndi impso, ziwiya zing'onozing'ono ndi ma capillaries, gland ya endocrine, komanso maselo a thupi lonse.

Matenda obwera chifukwa chamanjenje amachititsa wodwalayo kuti azingokhalira kuvuta, kugona kwambiri komanso kuchita ukali, kusakwanira poyankha kupsinjika. Kuphwanya mathero a mitsempha kumapeto kwake kumabweretsa kunjenjemera ndi kusakhazikika kwa miyendo, khumbo, khunyu.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa arrhythmias, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ischemia, ndipo pamapeto pake kumakhala ndi vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko.

Kuledzera kwamadzimadzi ndi kukodza pafupipafupi kumayambitsa kuvala impso ndi ziwalo za genitourinary system. Wodwala akapanda kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga pakapita nthawi, kuthandizira opaleshoni kungafunike kuti muchotse gawo limodzi kapena gawo limodzi la impso (impso, chiwindi, bile, m'mimba).

Dziwani kuti zovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga zimachitika chifukwa chakuipa komanso kuchiza kwa wodwala. Zakudya zoperewera, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusowa tulo, kusokonezeka pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri mu Mlingo wofunikira posachedwa zimayambitsa matendawa komanso zovuta zake.

Chifukwa chake, madotolo amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti muzitsatira zakudya, musamamwe mowa mwauchidakwa komanso ndudu (kapena ndibwino kuti muzisiyiratu), mukamayesedwa, mumayang'ana shuga.

Kupewa kwa Mavuto

Mavuto aliwonse amatenga chifukwa chamatendawa. Pankhani ya matenda ochititsa chidwi a shuga, zotsatira za matenda zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizowopsa.

Popewa matenda ashuga, muyenera:

• Sinthani kulemera kwa thupi
• Thanani ndi vuto laukazitape, osamwa mowa,
• Osadula chakudya,
• Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika
• Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira shuga wanu wamagazi ndi glucometer,
• Imwani mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kapena jekeseni wa insulin,
• Pitani ku endocrinologist yanu pafupipafupi kuti muwonetsetse thanzi lanu.

Kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, komanso momwe mungapewere zovuta zake, mutha kusintha moyo wanu, ndikuthandizanso kusintha, ngakhale mutazindikira.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani glucose samatengekedwa ndi thupi?

Kufunika kwa thupi la munthu m'thupi la glucose amafotokozedwa ndi kutenga gawo ili mu kagayidwe ndi kupanga mphamvu kwama cell. Njira izi zimachitika pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngati pali kusowa kwa timadzi timeneti kapena kusapezeka kokwanira, ndiye kuti matenda monga matenda ashuga amayamba.

Itha kukhala yamitundu iwiri:

• Matenda a shuga a insulin, omwe mulibe insulin yake mthupi.
• Osati mtundu wodwala wa insulin. Munthawi ya thupi, kapamba amapanga insulin yaying'ono kapena kuchuluka kokwanira komwe sikumadziwika ndi maselo motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zina.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa

Zizindikiro zoyambira zoyipa zamagetsi m'magazi athunthu ndi:

• Kuchulukitsa pokodza (makamaka usiku)
• Kumva pakamwa lowuma
• Chilimbikitso chofuna kumwa
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kufooka ndi chizungulire,
• Odorone acetone mkamwa
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi, komwe kumabweretsa ma virus ndi chimfine pafupipafupi.
• Kuchiritsa ovulala
• Kusokonezeka kwa magazi
• Kuyenda pakhungu.

Zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, apo ayi matendawa amapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo angayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

Matenda a shuga: chowopsa ndi momwe chimakhudzira thupi

Ngati glycated hemoglobin imakhala yaphindu nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti shuga imatha kumalipidwa. Ndi matenda awa, chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndizochepa. Ngati matenda ashuga m'magawo oyamba adatsogolera ku kuwoneka koyipa, ndiye chifukwa cha kubwezera kwawo kwabwino kumatha. Pakakhala zovuta pamavuto oyambilira a matendawa, shuga wamba amakulolani kuti muimitse kukula kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azikhala wathanzi.

Matenda a shuga ndi oyenera ku ziwiya zonse zomwe zimapereka magazi ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Matendawa akakhudza impso, ziwalo za masomphenyawo, miyendo, mtima ndi chiwindi. Zotsatira za izi zoyipa ndizo sitiroko, kugunda kwa mtima, kusabala, khungu, kulephera kumva m'miyendo.

Mitundu yamavuto

Kuyesedwa kwa odwala kuti adziwe matenda a shuga kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zingapo. Atha kukhala:

• Zovuta za pachimake zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuthwa komanso kutsika kwa shuga kwakanthawi kochepa,
• Mavuto aakulu omwe amabwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri.

Zovuta zowopsa zimaphatikizapo:

1. Hypoglycemic chikomokere. Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kusowa kwazinthu zofunikira kuti zikwere mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri chikomokere chimachitika mukamwa mowa kapena mutatha kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Hypoglycemia imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro monga kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, kuwona kawiri, kunjenjemera kumapeto, thukuta, kugona kwambiri. Ngati zakhumudwitsidwa zikuchitika, kugawana ndi kulandira zipatala sikungathandize. Pankhaniyi, mudzafunika kuwonjezera shuga ndi madzi otsekemera kapena msuzi. Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, wodwala amayenera kuyika ma shuga pansi pa lilime lake ndikudikirira kufika kwa akatswiri.
2. Ketoacidotic chikomokere. Vutoli limakhala chifukwa cha ketoacidosis, pamene metabolism imasokonekera, ndipo matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'magazi. Kupanikizika kumayendetsedwa ndi kamwa yowuma komanso kununkhira kwa acetone, kupweteka mutu, kugona, kufooka.
3. Coma ndi lactic acidosis. Imadziwika ndi kupunduka kwa ziwalo monga impso, mtima ndi chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe lactic acid imadziunjikira m'thupi.

Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga monga:

1. Retinopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa maso mu shuga.
2. Nephropathy mu shuga - kuwonongeka kwa impso.
3. Mwendo angiopathy, womwe umawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a gangrene (mawonekedwe a phazi la matenda ashuga) kapena lameness.
4. Matenda a diabetes a encephalopathy ndi njira ya m'magazi mu ubongo.
5. Kuwonongeka kwa mathero a mitsempha mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati (neuropathy).
6. Polyneuropathy - yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yonse kumapeto kwa miyendo.
7. Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa, okhala ndi matenda a diabetesic osteo-orthropathy.
8. Matenda a mtima kapena kuwoneka kwa zovuta zake (myocardial infarction).

Matenda a shuga

Vutoli limachitika chifukwa chaphwanya minyewa ya phazi chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi. Zilonda zitha kuwoneka pamapazi, ndipo m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kusintha kwake kumadziwika.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga:

Kuopsa kwa zovuta kumakulirakulira odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yayitali ya matenda ashuga. Popewa kupezeka ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, njira zothandizira zimathandizira:

• Kukana kuvala nsapato zopyapyala kapena chidendene chachikulu,
• Pewani kupukuta mapazi anu ndi nsapato zosavutikira,
• Pedicure iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa,
• Mapazi ayenera kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy

Shuga wambiri nthawi zonse amachititsa kuti mpweya wabwino wambiri usathe. Izi zimabweretsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha m'mitsempha ndikuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za complication.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za neuropathy:

1. Kulimba m'miyendo.
2. Kumva kutentha mu minofu ya ng'ombe.
3. Kung'ung'udza.
4. Ululu umamveka pakukhudza pang'ono.
5. Gait yosasunthika.

1. Kuchepetsa kwamitseko.
2. Kutsegula m'mimba
3. Zowoneka bwino.
4. Zingwe.
5. Kusokonekera kwa mawu.
6. Chizungulire
7. Kuphwanya kwa kumeza kuzizira.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy ali amitundu iwiri:

1. Sensor-motor. Polyneuropathy yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yakumatha kukakamizidwa, kusintha kwa kutentha, kupweteka, kunjenjemera ndi malo omwe ali okhudzana ndi zinthu zozungulira. Kuopsa kwa zovuta ndikuti wodwala sangazindikire izi pomwe mwendo wavulala. Zilonda zikupezeka pamalo ovulalawo, mafupa amatha kuwonongeka. Mavuto owawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka usiku.
2. Yoyimira. Polyneuropathy yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi chizungulire, kukomoka ndi kuwuka kwakuthwa, komanso khungu m'maso.Kuphatikizika kwa matenda ashuga kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwam'mimba, kutsika pang'ono pakudya kwam'matumbo, komwe kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Mu shuga yopanda malipiro, kuwonongeka kwa maso (retinopathy) kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Vutoli limapezeka mwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse retinopathy:

• Magazi a magazi okhazikika
• Kusuta
• Matenda a impso,
• Matenda oopsa
• Kukonzanso malibadwa,
• Mimba
• Mbiri yayitali ya matenda ashuga,
• Ukalamba wa wodwala.

Retinopathy imayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa retina. Ma capillaries ndi oyamba kukhudzidwa. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zipupa zawo, kupezeka kwa zotupa ndi kukula kwa kutupa kwa retina.

Zoyambitsa Mavuto

Zomwe zimakhudza chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi izi:

1. High glycated hemoglobin komanso magazi okwera kwambiri. Mavuto sangapewedwe ngati shuga azikhala pamwamba pa 8 mmol / L nthawi zonse. Choyamba, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake zamkati kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowalipirira. Pambuyo pakuwathetsa ndi kusowa kwa njira zochotsera shuga wambiri mthupi, njira zambiri zamatenda zimayamba. Ngati mavuto azindikirika kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, kupitilira kwake kungathe kuyimitsidwa motsatira mwambo wama glucose komanso njira zoyendetsera zakudya.
2. Kusintha pafupipafupi kwa glucose, komwe kumadziwika ndi kusintha kwakuthwa m'magulu a shuga kuchokera pazofunikira zochepa mpaka kuchuluka kwakukulu. Kusiyana kovomerezeka pakati pazotsatira za glucometer data sikuyenera kupitirira 3 mmol / L. Kupanda kutero, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi kumasokoneza thupi lonse.
3. Chimodzi mwa zinthu za thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusatetezeka komanso chidwi chake cha zomwe zakhudzidwa.
4. Kupanda zotsalira za insulin. Izi zimatha kudziwika pambuyo pokhazikitsa hormone C-peptide (chizindikiro cha kapamba wopangidwa ndi insulin yake), yomwe imakhala ngati yoteteza ziwalo ku zovuta.

Ngati mukudziwa chomwe matenda ashuga ali owopsa, mutha kupewa zovuta zoyipa za matendawa. Zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira zitha kuperekedwa pokhapokha ngati wodwala yekha akuyeza shuga ndi glucometer, kutsatira njira yopezera mankhwala ndi zakudya. Ngati chithandizo cha matendawa chikufunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulini, ndiye kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa mankhwalawo kupewa kupewa kulumpha mwadzidzidzi mu shuga. Ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa mtundu wa insulin, ndiye kuti zingakhale zovuta kukwaniritsa chipukutirozo chokwanira cha matendawa.