28 April, 2024
    Mankhwala

    Zosamalidwa zathanzi

    Ena okalamba odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi vuto la kugona, chifukwa chake, amafunika kusankha mapiritsi ogona. Zokambirana zimabuka pa kugwiritsa ntchito Melaxen pamtundu woyamba wa 2 komanso matenda ashuga.

    Mu malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa zotsutsana ndi izi ndi matenda. Amakhulupirira kuti Melaxen imatha kutsitsa kapena kuwonjezera magazi. Koma odwala matenda ashuga ena amatenga piritsi ili logonamo ndipo samadandaula za mkhalidwe wa hypo- kapena hyperglycemia. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani mthupi la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga atatha kumwa mankhwalawo?

    Malingaliro amasiyana pamankhwala awa. Komabe, potengera zotsatira za maphunziro obwereza, titha kunena kuti, Melaxen wa mankhwalawa samakhudza thupi la munthu ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Mbali yake yogwira, melatonin, ndi mahomoni ofunikira omwe amayang'anira njira zambiri mthupi la munthu, makamaka biorhythms.

    Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa kuvulaza, ndibwino kufunsa dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mapiritsi ogona. Athandizanso kuwunika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa ndikuti apatseni mankhwala olondola.

    Zambiri zamankhwala Melaxen

    Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusokoneza kugona komanso ngati adaptogen kukhazikitsa biorhythm, mwachitsanzo, poyenda. Melaxen imapangidwa ngati mapiritsi, iliyonse ili ndi melatonin (3 mg), komanso zina zowonjezera - magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, shellac, talc ndi isopropanol.

    Melatonin ndiye mahormoni wamkulu mu pituitary gland komanso woyang'anira mizere ya circadian (circadian). Pakukonzekera kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, melatonin imagwira ntchitozi mthupi la munthu:

    • Amachepetsa kupsinjika kwakuthupi, m'malingaliro,
    • zimakhudza dongosolo la endocrine (makamaka, limalepheretsa kubisika kwa gonadotropins),
    • Matenda a magazi ndi kugona pafupipafupi,
    • zimawonjezera kupanga antibody,
    • antioxidant,
    • imakhudzanso kusintha kwa nyengo pakusintha kwanyengo ndi nyengo.
    • imayendetsa chimbudzi ndi ntchito yaubongo,
    • Imachepetsa kukalamba ndi zina zambiri.

    Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Melaxen kungakhale koletsedwa osati chifukwa cha matenda amtundu 1 komanso mtundu 2, komanso kupezeka kwa zotsutsana zina:

    1. kusalolera payekhapayekha,
    2. kupukusa ndi mkaka
    3. ntchito mkhutu aimpso ndi kulephera kwa aimpso,
    4. autoimmune pathologies,
    5. khunyu (matenda amitsempha),
    6. myeloma (chotupa chowopsa cha m'madzi amwazi),
    7. lymphoganulomatosis (matenda owopsa a minyewa ya m'mimba),
    8. lymphoma (kutupa kwa mwanabele),
    9. leukemia (matenda owopsa a hematopoietic system),
    10. ziwengo

    Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa zifukwa zina zovuta monga:

    • kugona m'mawa ndi mutu,
    • kugaya m'mimba (nseru, kusanza, matenda am'mimba),
    • thupi lawo siligwirizana (kutupa).

    Melaxen ingagulidwe ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala a dokotala. Pamsika wa pharmacological wa Russia palinso zofananira - Melarena, Circadin, Melarithm.

    Koma ngakhale zili choncho, kuonana ndi dokotala sikungokhala kopepuka, makamaka ngati munthu wamba kapena wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda ena aliwonse.

    Zoganizira

    Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga omwe akuganiza zoyamba kumwa melatonin, funsani dokotala wanu kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina zomwe muyenera kuwunika. Dokotala adzaganizira mtundu wanu wa matenda ashuga, mbiri ya zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri kuti apange lingaliro. American Diabetes Association ikuwonetsa kuti mavuto, magwiridwe antchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso chidziwitso cholondola cha mitundu iyi ya mankhwalawa komanso zowonjezera sizimamveka bwino, choncho ndi bwino kuyang'ana njira zina zochiritsira zovuta zanu zogona.

    Kodi timadzi tam'madzi timagwira bwanji?

    Melatonin ndiye maholide ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapangidwa makamaka m'matumbo a pineal. Kupanga kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuyatsidwa ndikuwala pa retina. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonetsa nthawi ya tsiku, ndikuwongolera mitundumitundu. Zimakhudzanso kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mthupi, kusintha mtundu wama circadian.

    Zowonadi, kasamalidwe ka mitsempha ya circadian pamilingo ingapo, kuphatikiza ma β - maselo, amakhudzidwa ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga a 2. Hormoni imapereka ma cell ku cellular pogwiritsa ntchito ma receptors awiri: (MT1) ndi (MT2). Ma receptor onsewa amachita makamaka kudzera mu mapuloteni a Gentii, kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa cAMP kudzera polepheretsa mapuloteni a G (G I), koma njira zina zowonetsera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pleiotropism pamlingo wama receptors onse ndi chipangizo chachiwiri chokomera. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake zomwe zimachitika potsatira kutulutsa kwa insulin sizinapereke chidziwitso chokwanira pakuwongolera kwa melatonin mu insulin secretion. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zakutsitsimutsa komanso zowonjezera zamafuta awa zimanenedwa kuti zimakhudza katemera wa insulin.

    Kafukufuku wasonyeza:

    Potengera maziko awa, tidapeza kuti mtundu wa MTNR1B (MT2) umalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose okwera. Kuchepetsa koyambirira kwa insulin poyendetsa shuga m'magazi, kuwonongeka msanga kwa insulin pakapita nthawi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga m'tsogolo. Ngakhale pali mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri wamalingaliro, kumvetsetsa kwama cell chifukwa chake melatonin chizindikiro akukhudzidwa ndi pathogenesis ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 sikunachitikebe.

    Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, tinachita kafukufuku woyeserera m'magulu a anthu - maselo ndi mbewa, komanso maphunziro azachipatala mwa anthu. Zidapezeka kuti ngozi zosiyanasiyana za 10830963 kuchokera ku MTNR1B ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa makhalidwe (eQTL) ndikupereka kufotokoza kochulukira kwa MTNR1B mRNA m'mabwalo amtundu wa anthu. Kuyesa kwa INS-1 832/13 β-maselo ndi MT2 a mbewa zoyesera (Mt2 - / -) adapeza kuti kuletsa kwa mahomoni melatonin kumakhudza mwachindunji chizindikiro cha kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.

    Kafukufuku waumunthu akuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha melatonin chimalepheretsa katemera wa insulin mwa odwala onse. Koma onyamula ma gene omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhudzidwa ndi izi. Zonsezi, zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimawonjezera chibadwa cha melatonin posonyeza kubisirana kwa insulin. Zosokoneza zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

    Wolemba nkhani yasayansi yokhudza zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo, wolemba pepala lasayansi - Konenkov Vladimir Iosifovich, Klimontov Vadim Valerievich, Michurina Svetlana Viktorovna, Prudnikova Marina Alekseevna, Ishenko Irina Yurievna

    Hormone wa pineal gland melatonin imathandizira kulumikizana kwa insulin katulutsidwe ndi shuga homeostasis ndi kuwala kosinthika ndi nthawi yamdima masana. Kuphwanya mgwirizano pakati pa mitsempha ya melatonin-mediated circadian ndi secretion wa insulin kumawonedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga mellitus (T1DM) ndi T2DM. Kuperewera kwa insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa melatonin mu pineal gland. T2DM, mosiyana, imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa secretion ya melatonin. M'maphunziro a genome wide, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya melatonin MT2 receptor gene (rs1387153 ndi rs10830963) imalumikizidwa ndi kusala kudya kwa glycemia, ntchito ya and-cell, ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga. Melatonin imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa β-cell ndi neogeneis, imapangitsa chidwi cha insulin komanso imachepetsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative mu retina ndi impso mu zitsanzo zoyeserera za matenda ashuga. Maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira kuti awonetsetse kuchuluka kwa kuchiritsa kwa mahomoni awa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

    Melatonin ndi matenda ashuga: kuchokera ku pathophysiology kumalingaliro azithandizo

    Pineal hormone melatonin imagwirizanitsa insulin katulutsidwe ndi glucose homeostasis yokhala ndi nthawi ya dzuwa. Kusagwirizana pakati pa melatoninmediated circadian rhythms ndi insulin secretion kumakhala ndi matenda a shuga mellitus mtundu 1 (T1DM) ndi mtundu 2 (T2DM). Kuperewera kwa insulini mu T1DM kumayendera limodzi ndi kupanga kwa melatonin. Mosiyana, T2DM imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa melatonin secretion. Mu genome yotakata mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a melatonin receptor MT2 gene (rs1387153 ndi rs10830963) adalumikizidwa ndi kusala kwa glucose, beta-cell function ndi T2DM. M'mayesedwe a matenda a shuga a melatonin omwe amapititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa beta-cell ndi neogeneis, kusintha kwa insulini komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwa oxidative mu retina ndi impso. Komabe, kufufuza kwina kukufunika kuti kuwunikire kuchuluka kwa achire a melatonin mwa odwala matenda ashuga.

    Zolemba pazaka yasayansi pamutu wakuti "Melatonin mu shuga mellitus: kuyambira pathophysiology kupita ku chiyembekezo chamankhwala"

    Melatonin mu shuga: kuchokera ku pathophysiology kupita ku chiyembekezo chamankhwala

    Konenkov V.I., Klimontov V.V., Michurina S.V., Prudnikova M.A., Ischenko I.Yu.

    Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk

    (Wowongolera - Phunziro la RAMNV.I. Konenkov)

    Hormone wa pineal gland melatonin imathandizira kulumikizana kwa insulin katulutsidwe ndi shuga homeostasis ndi kuwala kosinthika ndi nthawi yamdima masana. Kuphwanya mgwirizano pakati pa mitsempha ya melatonin-mediated circadian ndi secretion wa insulin kumawonedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga mellitus (T1DM) ndi T2DM. Kuperewera kwa insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa melatonin mu pineal gland. T2DM, mosiyana, imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa secretion ya melatonin. Mu maphunziro a genomic, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya melatonin MT2 receptor gene (rs1387153 ndi rs10830963) imalumikizidwa ndi kusala kudya kwa glycemia, ntchito (i-cell ndi CD2. Melatonin imakulitsa kuchuluka ndi neogeneis (i-cell), imapangitsa chidwi cha insulini komanso imachepetsa kupsinjika kwa impso mu impso ndi impso. zitsanzo zoyeserera za matenda ashuga Kuti muthane ndi kuchuluka kwa othandizira a timadzi timeneka mu odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira.

    Mawu osakira: shuga mellitus, melatonin, mitsempha yama circadian, insulin,

    Melatonin ndi matenda ashuga: kuchokera ku pathophysiology kumalingaliro azithandizo

    Konenkov V.I., Klimontov V.V., Michurina S.V., Prudnikova M.A., Ishenko I.Ju.

    Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

    Pineal hormone melatonin imagwirizanitsa insulin katulutsidwe ndi glucose homeostasis yokhala ndi nthawi ya dzuwa. Kusagwirizana pakati pa melatonin-Mediated circadian rhythms ndi insulin secretion kumakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 1 (T1DM) ndi mtundu 2 (T2DM). Kuperewera kwa insulini mu T1DM kumayendera limodzi ndi kupanga kwa melatonin. Mosiyana, T2DM imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa melatonin secretion. Mu genome yotakata mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a melatonin receptor MT2 gene (rs1387153 ndi rs10830963) adalumikizidwa ndi kusala kwa glucose, beta-cell function ndi T2DM. M'mayesedwe a matenda a shuga a melatonin omwe amapititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa beta-cell ndi neogeneis, kusintha kwa insulini komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwa oxidative mu retina ndi impso. Komabe, kufufuza kwina kukufunika kuti kuwunikire kuchuluka kwa achire a melatonin mwa odwala matenda ashuga.

    Mawu osakira: shuga, melatonin, mitondo ya circadian, insulin, epiphysis

    Ma biorhythms a endocrine system, komanso kusintha kwawo pamikhalidwe ya pathology, akopa chidwi cha ofufuza kwazaka zambiri. Chomwe chili ndi chidwi chapadera pofufuza matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) kuchokera ku malingaliro a chintoedicine ndi pineal gland hormone melatonin. Hormone iyi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakugwirizanitsa mphamvu za mahomoni ndi kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kusintha kwa kuwala ndi mdima. M'zaka zaposachedwa, deta yatsopano yapezeka pa gawo la melatonin pakuwongolera kwa insulin secretion ndi pathophysiology ya carbohydrate metabolism, komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsira ntchito melatonin pothandizira matenda a shuga amafotokozedwa. Kuphatikiza kwa chidziwitso ichi kunali cholinga cha kuwunikaku.

    Katulutsidwe ndi zofunika zokhudza thupi zotsatira za melatonin

    Horote melatonin adadzipatula ku ma bovine pineal gland zinthu mu 1958. Melatonin imapangidwa kuchokera ku L-tryptophan kudzera mu serotonin ndi gawo la arylalkylamine-Acetyltransferase (AA-NAT, enzyme yofunika yoyang'anira) ndi hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Mwa munthu wamkulu, pafupifupi 30 mcg amapangidwa tsiku lililonse

    melatonin, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi seramu usiku kumakulirapo maulendo 20 kuposa masana. Mitundu ya circadian ya melatonin synthesis imayendetsedwa ndi suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ya hypothalamus. Pezani zidziwitso zakusintha kwawunikiro kuchokera ku retina, SCN imasindikiza kudzera mwa gululi lachiberekero chomvera chisoni komanso ulusi wamitsempha wam'mimba kupita ku gland pineal. Kukhazikitsa kwa epiphyseal β1-adrenergic receptors kolowoleza AA-NAT cleavage ndikukulitsa kaphatikizidwe ka melatonin.

    Kuphatikiza pa pineal gland, kupanga kwa melatonin kunapezeka m'maselo a neuroendocrine a retina, maselo a enterochromaffin am'mimba a m'mimba (maselo a EC), maselo a airways, thymus, gren adrenal gland, paraganglia, kapamba, ndi mitundu ina ya maselo okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a neuroendocrine. Maselo oyera, mapulateleti, ma endotheliocytes, maselo am'mimba a cortex ndi maselo ena omwe si endocrine amathanso kupanga melatonin. Gwero lalikulu la kuzungulira kwa melatonin ndi gine ya pineal. Mitengo ya kubisala kwa melatonin, komwe kumalumikizana ndi mzere wamdima wakuwala, ndizodziwika zokha za pineal gland ndi retina.

    Zotsatira zathupi la melatonin zimayanjanitsidwa kudzera nembanemba ndi zolandirira mphamvu za nyukiliya. Munthuyo

    Zaka zana limodzi adapeza mitundu iwiri ya ma receptors a melatonin: MT1 (MTNR1A) ndi MT2 (MTNR1B). Ma receptors a MT2 amapezeka mu retina, mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi kudzera mwa iwo komwe mitambo ya circadian imakhazikitsidwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya melatonin ndikugwirizanitsa njira zamathupi ndi ma metabolic omwe amakhala ndi tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nyengo ya 5, 6. Makamaka, kubisala kwa melatonin kumakhudzanso mitsempha ya mtima, chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso dongosolo la endocrine.

    Zotsatira za melatonin pa insulin katulutsidwe ndi shuga homeostasis

    Kulakwitsa kwawoneka kwa mitsempha ya circadian ya kubisala kwa melatonin ndi insulin kumayenderana ndi kusiyana kwachilengedwe pakugwira ntchito kwamahomoni awa. Mosiyana ndi melatonin, kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri mwa anthu kumawonedwa usiku, popeza ntchito yayikulu ya insulini - kuyang'anira kagayidwe ka chakudya pambuyo pa chakudya, sikuyenera kuzindikiridwa usiku. Zinawonetsedwa kuti kuphwanya mgwirizano wabwinobwino pakati pa chakudya ndi nthawi ya tsiku ndikusintha kwa chakudya chokwanira ndi maola 12 kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa insulin mwa odzipereka. Melatonin amathandizira kulumikizana kwa zochita za metabolic ndi nthawi ya usiku, i.e. nthawi yopangidwa ndi munthu posala kudya, ndipo imatha kukhala ndi choletsa kubisalira kwa insulin.

    Chowonadi cha mafotokozedwe a MT-1 ndi MT-2 melatonin receptors mu pancreatic islets mu makoswe ndi mbewa zakhazikitsidwa. M'mabwalo amtundu wa anthu, MT1 ndipo, mochepera, MT2 receptors 12, 13. Fotokozedwe za M ^ receptors zimadziwika kwambiri ndi a-cell 11, 12, receptors a MT2 amapezeka mu ma p-cell 11, 13, 14. vitro amawonetsa inhibitory mphamvu ya melatonin pa insulin katulutsidwe mu maselo a p, maselo a insulinoma ya minsi (MIN-6), ndi makoswe (INS-1). Komabe, m'chilengedwe chonse, zotsatira za melatonin sizingakhale zowongoka kwambiri. Melatonin akuwonetsedwa kuti amathandizira kubisalira kwa glucagon komanso insulin m'mabwalo amtundu wa anthu. Zinanenedwa kuti palibe zotheka za melatonin pakubisala kwa insulini mu ma islets a ob / ob mbewa (mtundu wamafuta onenepa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2 (mtundu 2 shuga). Kukula kwa zotsatira za melatonin mwachionekere kukufotokozedwa ndi njira zingapo zowonetsera momwe zotsatira zake zimaphatikizidwira. Kuchulukitsa kwa melatonin pa kupanga kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi kulepheretsa kwa cAMP ndi njira zotsalira za cGMP, ndipo zotsatira zolimbikitsazo zimasankhidwa kudzera 0 (d) -protein, phospholipase C ndi IP.

    Zosintha mu insulin secretion ndi glucose homeostasis zimapezeka mu nyama zomwe zidachotsedwa pineal gland. Zinawonetsedwa kuti pinealectomy mu makoswe kumabweretsa insulin kukana chiwindi, kutsegula kwa gluconeogeneis ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia usiku. Kuchulukitsa kwa glucose komwe kumapangitsa secretion wa insulin komanso

    Matenda a shuga. 2013, (2): 11-16

    kuchuluka kwa matalikidwe ake anapezeka ndi otupa m'maselo a makoswe pansi pa pinealectomy. Kuchotsa kwa pineal gland mu makoswe ndi mtundu wa T2DM (OLETF line) kumabweretsa Hyperinsulinemia komanso kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'chiwindi. Amanenanso kuti matanthwe a melatonin amatha kuthandizira kuzungulira kwa mphamvu mu nthawi ya mapiritsi. Mu ana a mbewa zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi pinealectomy, kuchepa kwa glucose-komwe kumapangitsa insulin secretion, insulin kukana chiwindi ndipo, chifukwa chake, kulolerana kwa glucose kumapeto kwa nthawi ya masana kuwululidwa.

    Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa oopsa, kuchepa kwa nthawi yausungidwe wa melatonin kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa insulini komanso ndi index ya kukana kwa HOMA.

    Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti melatonin imathandizira kuti pakhale njira yoyenera kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi m'magawo a secretion otsika komanso kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi insulin usiku.

    Melatonin receptor gene polymorphism ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga

    Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa majini owonetsa masanjidwe awonetsa ubale pakati pa mitundu ya polymorphic ya melatonin receptor majini ndi kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya polotorphism imodzi ya mtundu wa MT2 (MTYB.1B): gb1387153 ndi gb10830963 zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusala kudya glycemia, insulin secretion ndi T2DM ku Europe. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti kukhalapo kwa T allele wa locus GB 13 8 715 3 kumalumikizidwa ndi kusala kwa plasma glucose (B = 0.06 mmol / L) ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi hyperglycemia kapena T2DM (0H = 1.2). Kuwunikira kwa kafukufuku wama genome-wide akuwonetsa kuti kukhalapo kwa G allele iliyonse ya gb10830963 locus ya genY MT.1B kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kusala kwa glycemia ndi 0.07 mmol / L, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya b-cell, yomwe ikuyerekeza ndi index ya HOMA-B. Kuwunikira kwa meta kwa maphunziro 13 ndi kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka milandu kunawonetsa kuti kupezeka kwa G allele pa locus komweku kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi T2DM (0H = 1.09).

    Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa MTYB.1B ukhoza kuonedwa ngati mtundu watsopano wa mtundu wakubadwa kwa T2DM. Kuchulukitsa kwa mtundu wa MTIV.1B pangozi yakukula kwa matendawa kumakhala koyenera, komabe, ndikufanana ndi zotsatira za majini ena a "diabetogenic". Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndizosakaniza zamtundu, kuphatikiza MTIV.1B ndi majini ena omwe amagwirizana ndi kusala kwa glucose: OSK, OKKYA, O6RS2 25, 26.

    Kusintha kwa katulutsidwe ka melatonin mu shuga

    Zovuta za secattion ya melatonin zidapezeka muukalamba ndi matenda angapo a anthu, kuphatikiza nyengo yothandizanso ndi zovuta za kupuma.

    Matenda a shuga. 2013, (2): 11-16

    stv, dementia, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, ma syndromes opweteka, neoplasms yoyipa. Kusintha kwovuta pamtundu wa melatonin amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga. M'mitundu ya T1DM mu nyama, kuwonjezeka kwa melatonin m'magazi kumawonetsedwa, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa mawu a enzyme ya AA-NAT mu pineal gland 17, 27, 28. M'matumbo a pineal a nyama okhala ndi insulin yokwanira, mawu a insulin receptors, B1-adrenoreceptors, ndi circ11 adrenoreceptors, and circ1 ndi BMAL1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin modutsa matenda a shuga amtunduwu kumapangitsa kukula kwa melatonin m'magazi ndi mafotokozedwe a jini m'matumbo a pineal.

    Zosintha zina pakupanga melatonin zidapezeka mu T2DM. Mu makoswe a Goto Kakizaki (mtundu wamtundu wa T2DM), kuchepa kwa insulin receptor expression ndi ntchito ya AA-NAT mu pineal gland idapezeka. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amachepetsa melatonin m'magazi. Kafukufuku yemwe anachitika pakumwa magazi a ola limodzi adawonetsa kuchepa kwakanthawi kwamasamba a melatonin mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome, kuphwanya kwa mawonekedwe a melatonin kuwululidwa, kuwonetseredwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa kukweza kwachilengedwe pakuwonekera kwa metabolite wa melatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-COMT) ndi mkodzo usiku. Olemba ena, mosiyana, adawulula hyperexcretion ya 6-COMT mwa odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome. Chiwerengero cha melatonin / insulin m'madzi am'magazi otengedwa 3 koloko usiku odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome adachepetsedwa. Kusiyana kwa usiku ndi usana kutsikira kwa melatonin kunaphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusala kudya kwa glycemia.

    Palibe zambiri zomwe zimadziwika pa kusintha kwa melatonin mu shuga. Zinawonetsedwa kuti mu makoswe omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a streptozotocin, kuchuluka kwa melatonin ndi ntchito ya AA-NAT mu retina kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kuyang'anira insulin kumathetsa zovuta izi. Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka melatonin mu retina mu diabetesic retinopathy sikunaphunzire. Masautso a plasma melatonin odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga retinopathy anali otsika kwambiri kuposa odwala omwe alibe.

    Chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga imadziwika ndi kusintha kwamitundu yambiri pakubisika kwa melatonin m'matumbo a pineal komanso kuchuluka kwa melatonin m'magazi. M'magulu onse awiriwa a shuga, mgwirizano wosagwirizana umapezeka pakati pa kupanga insulin ndi melatonin, zomwe zikusonyeza kupezeka kwa ubale wobwerezabwereza pakati pa mahomoni awa.

    Chiyembekezo chakugwiritsa ntchito melatonin mu shuga

    Zotsatira za melatonin pakukula kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 aphunzira pa zoyesa. Melatonin akuwonetsedwa kuti akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma b-cell ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi m'magazi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a streptozotocin. Kuphatikiza polimbikitsa kufalikira kwa maselo a p, maselatonin amalepheretsanso kutuluka kwawo komanso amathandizanso kupangidwa kwatsopano

    zisumbu kuchokera ku ductal epithelium ya kapamba. Mu zitsanzo za matenda a shuga a mellitus oyambitsidwa ndi streptozotocin mu makoswe munthawi ya neonatal, melatonin sizinakhudze kubisalira kwa insulin, koma kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikuchepetsa glycemia. Mphamvu yoteteza melatonin pa maselo a b imatha kukhala, mwina pang'ono, ku zotsatira za antioxidant ndi immunomodulatory. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti mu nyama zomwe zili ndi matenda ashuga, melatonin ali ndi antioxidant osiyana ndipo amathandizira kubwezeretsanso malire a antioxidants. Mphamvu yoletsa kusungunuka kwa melatonin pa Th1 lymphocyte imachulukitsa nthawi yotalikilidwa ya ma islets omwe adaika mu mbewa za NOD.

    Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa melatonin mu mtundu wa T2DM komanso metabolic syndrome (makoswe a Zucker) kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), mafuta aulere acids, insulin, index ya insulin (HOMA-IR) komanso kuchuluka kwa ma cytokines ovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, melatonin adatsitsa milingo ya leptin ndikuwonjezera milingo ya adiponectin. Izi zimawerengetsa kuti melatonin imakhala ndi phindu pa ntchito ya minofu ya adipose, kutupa kosatha, kumva kwa insulin, chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta metabolism 40, 41. Melatonin amathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zitsanzo za nyama. Malinga ndi maphunziro omwe siamatsata, kutenga melatonin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ma marker a oxidative nkhawa, HOMA-IR ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Kuwongolera kwa nthawi yayitali melatonin pochizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a 2 matenda a shuga sikunakhudze kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi C-peptide ndipo limodzi ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa HbA1c pambuyo pa miyezi isanu. mankhwala.

    Pali umboni wa zotsatira za melatonin pakukula kwa mtima wamavuto a shuga. Melatonin imalepheretsa kutseguka kwa lipid peroxidation njira mu retina 45, 46, imakonza zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kupanga kwa vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) mu retina pansi pa hyperglycemia. Kupangidwa kwa melatonin ku makoswe okhala ndi matenda a shuga a streptozotocin kumalepheretsa kukula kwa kwamikidwe yotupa ya albin 47, 48. Mu impso za nyama zokhala ndi matenda ashuga, melatonin amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative ndikuletsa kuphatikizika kwa zinthu za fibrogenic: TGF-r, fibronectin. Pansi pa zovuta za oxidative ndi kutupa, mahomoni amatha kuteteza endothelium. Melatonin kubwezeretsa endothelium-amadalira aortic dilatation, mkhutu mu hyperglycemia. Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya melatonin m'mphepete mwa mafupa imayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a endothelial progenitor mu makoswe omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a streptozotocin. Izi ndizosakayikitsa, chifukwa shuga imadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa maselo awa kuchokera m'mafupa.

    Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, melatonin imawonjezera kuchepa kwa magazi mu usiku. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zitha kukhala ndi phindu mu diabetesic autonomic neuropathy yolumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa thupi pakukwera kwa magazi usiku.

    Zomwe zidawonetsedwa zikuwonetsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya melatonin pakayendetsedwe kazinthu zina za secretion

    Matenda a shuga. 2013, (2): 11-16

    insulin ndi shuga homeostasis. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuphwanya kwa circadian kupanga melatonin mu pineal gland ndi kuchuluka kwa melatonin m'magazi ndi khalidwe. Zambiri pazomwe zikuwonetseredwa kuti melatonin imatha kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa β-cell, kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Udindo wa pathophysiological wamavuto mukubisika kwa melatonin mu shuga komanso kuthekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwazomwezi matendawa amafunikira kufufuza kwina.

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    Konenkov Vladimir Iosifovich Klimontov Vadim Valerievich

    Michurina Svetlana Viktorovna Prudnikova Marina Alekseevna Ishchenko Irina Yuryevna

    Wophunzira wa RAMS, MD, pulofesa, wotsogolera, FSBI Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk

    MD, Mutu Laborator of Endocrinology, FSBI Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk Imelo: [email protected]

    Dokotala wa Zamankhwala, Pulofesa, Dokotala wa Sayansi Laborator of Functional Morphology of the Lymphatic System, FSBI Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk Laborator of Endocrinology, FSBI Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk

    Ph.D., Wofufuza wamkulu Laboratories a ntchito morphology a zamitsempha yamafuta dongosolo,

    Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk

    Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu

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