Zachilengedwe udindo wa cholesterol

Cholesterol ndi mowa wa monoatomic cyclic, womwe umapangira mosavuta mafuta m'thupi. Imalowa m'thupi la munthu ngati gawo la chakudya ndipo imapangidwa m'chiwindi, m'matumbo ang'ono ndi pakhungu.

Zachilengedwe udindo wa cholesterol:

1. Zapangidwe. Cholesterol yaulere ndi gawo lazinthu zopanga ma cell membrane.

2. Metabolic. Cholesterol ndimayendedwe azinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito: mavitamini D3, mahomoni a STEROID (ANDROGENS, ESTROGENS, CORTICOIDS). Pa oxidation wa cholesterol m'chiwindi limodzi ndi CYTOCHROME P-450, ma asidi a bile amapangidwa. Mwanjira yake yaulere, cholesterol imayenda kudzera m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito magazi a LIPOPROTEINS. Source of cholesterol:

1. Chakudya. Kwa tsiku limodzi, 0,3 g. cholesterol.

2. Mwa anthu, pafupifupi, ndi unyinji wa makilogalamu 65-70 patsiku, 3.5 -4.2 g amapangidwa. cholesterol. Chiwindi chimakhala malo akuluakulu pakuphatikizidwa kwa cholesterol. Pakawonongeka chiwindi ndi matumbo, mapangidwe ndi kayendedwe ka magazi LP amasokonekera. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi biliary thirakiti, kapangidwe ndi katemera wa bile acid wokhudzidwa ndi kugaya chakudya chamafuta amasokonezedwa. Pankhani yakuphwanya kutuluka kwa bile, imadzaza ndi cholesterol, yomwe imatsogolera pakupanga miyala a cholesterol. Matenda a Gallstone amayamba. Hypercholesterolemia imadziwika m'magazi.

1. Kupangidwe kwa acetoacetyl-CoA kuchokera pama mamolekyulu awiri a acetyl-CoA ogwiritsa ntchito thiolase enzyme acetoacetyltransferase.

2. Kupangidwe kwa β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA kuchokera ku acetoacetyl-CoA ndi molekyu yachitatu ya acetyl-CoA wogwiritsa ntchito hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase.

3. Kupangidwe kwa mevalonate pakuchepetsa HMG ndi kuchotsedwa kwa HS-KoA pogwiritsa ntchito NADP-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase.

4. mevalonic acid imapangidwanso phosphorylated kawiri ndi ATP: mpaka 5-phosphomevalonate, kenako mpaka 5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

5.5-pyrophosphomevalonate ndi phosphorylated atomu ya kaboni 3, ndikupanga - 3-phospho-5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

6. Yotsirizirayi ndi decarboxylated ndi dephosphorylated, isopentenyl pyrophosphate imapangidwa.

7. Pambuyo pazotsatira zingapo zotsatizana, squalene imapangidwa.

8. Pambuyo pazosankha zingapo, lanosterol imapangidwa.

9.Lanosterol imasandulika kukhala cholesterol yosalala mumagulu a yosalala endoplasmic reticulum

Mahomoni a chithokomiro, chithokomiro cha adrenal, ndi ma gonads omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwonetsero amathandizira secretion wa cholesterol, ndipo ndi hypofunction amachititsa kuti iwonongeke. Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholesterol ya thupi amaola m'chiwindi. Zinthu zowola zimasinthidwa kukhala ma acid bile ndipo zimayikidwa m'matumbo ndi bile.