Mavitamini - Zinthu Zofanana

Pamodzi ndi mavitamini, gululi limadziwika zinthu ngati vitamini (mankhwala), omwe ali ndi mavitamini ena, komabe, alibe zizindikiro zazikulu zonse za mavitamini. Zokhudza thupi la munthu ndizofanana ndi mavitamini, koma pakadali pano sizinapezeke chizindikiro chazofooka m'zinthu izi.

Mwanjira ina: zimakhala bwino akakhala, koma akakhala palibe, palibe chomwe chimachitika. Komabe, ndibwino kuti sakusowa mu chakudya chathu, chifukwa ndizothandiza kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zinthu ngati vitamini (zotchuka kwambiri)

Phytochemicals (kuchokera ku Greek phyto - chomera) ndiye chitetezo chachilengedwe cha zomera ku matenda ndi zotsatira zoyipa za chilengedwe, bowa ndi tizilombo. Mwakutero, chomera chilichonse chokhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma phytochemicals, koma ambiri amapezeka muzomera zomwe zimadziwika ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe amatchedwa zitsamba. Mwachitsanzo, adyo ali ndi mphamvu yochiritsa chifukwa imakhala ndi chizungulire cha phytochemicals.

Pakadali pano, tikudziwa mazana phytochemicals osiyanasiyana, ndipo atsopano amapezeka pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Pazifukwa izi, sizotheka kapena kutanthauza kupereka mndandanda wathunthu. Chokhacho chofunikira kudziwa ndikuti ndi koyenera kuwapatsa thupi komanso, tsiku lililonse. Komabe, zina mwazinthu izi ndizoyenera kutchulidwa.

1. Bioflavonoids (wotchedwa vitamini P) ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mochulukitsa, amapezeka mumasamba, tiyi ndi zipatso za zipatso. Amaletsa mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi, amalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo amakhala ndi antioxidant. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kochepa kwa matenda amtima ku France akufotokozedwa ndi zomwe zili bioflavonoid mu vinyo wofiira - chakumwa chachikhalidwe mdziko muno.
2. Sulforaphane ambiri ku broccoli. Kuipa kwake kumachitika chifukwa chakuti imalekanitsa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi maselo, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi.
3. Ellagic acid wopezeka mu sitiroberi ndi mphesa. Imatha kusintha mitundu yamagazi yomwe imatsutsana ndi DNA m'maselo a thupi.

Choline imagwira nawo ntchito yotumiza mafuta kumisempha, poteteza chiwindi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi kutenga nawo mbali, phospholipids amapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, lecithin ndi makoma am'nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi udindo woyendetsa bwino ubongo ndi ubongo. Choline amapangidwa mwanjira zina ndi thupi la munthu pogwiritsa ntchito mavitamini B₉ , B₁₂ ndi methionine, koma kupanga izi sikokwanira nthawi zonse.

• Choline imapezeka m'mazira a mazira, chiwindi ndi magawo ena, yisiti.

Inositol imagwira nawo ntchito yotumizira mauthenga amanjenje ndikuwongolera machitidwe a michere. Umu ndiye chipinda chomanga ma membrane a ma cell. Imapezekanso mu minyewa ya ubongo, zotumphukira zamanjenje, minofu, mafupa ndi njira zoberekera komanso mtima.

• Inositol imapezeka muzakudya zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mabakiteriya am'matumbo amunthu amatha kupanga inositol.

Lipoic acid (yotchedwa Vitamini N) ndi mafuta komanso madzi osungunuka omwe thupi la munthu limapanga. Lipoic Acid Imagwira Ndi Mavitamini B₁ , B₂ , B₃ ndi B ₅ kumasula mphamvu ku chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Ili ndi diuretic, anti-diabetes, anti-atherosulinotic komanso zoteteza ku ziwalo za parenchymal. Imathandizira kusinthika kwa kagayidwe kazigawo, kumawonjezera masitolo a glycogen m'chiwindi, kumachepetsa mafuta m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera kugwira ntchito kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe.

• Yisiti ndi chiwindi ndi gwero lolemera la lipoic acid.

Ubiquinol (coenzyme Q, Vitamini Q) ndi gulu lazinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimapezeka mu mitochondria yonse ya maselo am'mera ndi nyama. Mu mitochondria yama cell a anthu, ubiquinone amapezeka kawirikawiri (coenzyme Q₁₀ ) Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandizira pa michere ya mitochondrial, motero ndikofunikira kuti maselo onse amthupi agwiritse ntchito, makamaka a maselo a minofu, makamaka myocardium.

• Coenzyme Q₁₀ zokwanira zimatulutsa chiwindi. Kupanga kwake kumachepa ndi ukalamba.
• Gwero lambiri la coenzyme Q₁₀ ndi nsomba zamafuta ndi nsomba zam'nyanja.

Amygdalin linapezeka mu 1952 ndipo limatchedwa vitamini B₁₇ . Amygdalin amapezeka makamaka kuchokera ku nthangala za apricot ndi almond, koma amapezekanso m'mbewu zambiri za zipatso (kuphatikiza maapulo) ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe owawa, omwe ali chifukwa cha 6% ya mankhwala a cyanide.

Amygdalin ndi poizoni wamphamvu yemwe amateteza nthangala ku bacteria ndi fungal.

Kusowa kwa amygdalin sikumayambitsa zizindikiro zapadera za kuchepa, zomwe zimasiyana ndi mavitamini. Pazinthu zochepa, amygdalin ndi mankhwala, pamiyeso yayikulu ndi poizoni wakupha. Mankhwala ena, amygdalin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, yomwe imayambitsa ziwonetsero pakati pa oimira mankhwala ophunzira.

Boma la U.S., popsinjidwa ndi malo opangira Mankhwala ndi Achipatala, laletsa kugwiritsa ntchito matoni ndi omwe si madokotala. Choyambitsa matendawa chinali poyizoni, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poizoni. Kuletsedwaku, malinga ndi omwe amapereka njira zambiri zochizira khansa ndi amygdalin, ndi umboni wa njira iyi, akupikisana ndi chemotherapy wamba.

Pangamic acid (wotchedwa vitamini B₁₅ ) zopezeka kwa ma apricot maso kapena mpunga. Izi si Vitamini chifukwa kuperewera kwake sikumayambitsa zizindikiro za kuchepa.

Pangamic acid adawerengeka kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala - chikhalidwe choyambirira kenako chosakhala chachikhalidwe - m'zaka za makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana zapitazo m'maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union. Zolemba zaku Russia zimafotokoza zoyesera zingapo zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa pangamic acid kwa azungu ndi osewera. Amayenera kukhala chiyembekezo cha matenda onse odziwika - kuyambira kuzizira mpaka khansa, monga mankhwala odabwitsa omwe amalengeza pakanthawi, onse mwakamodzi, ngati kugwirira kwa wand wamatsenga.

M'malo mwake, pangamic acid ilibe mphamvu kwenikweni kapena inali yopanda ntchito. Kuchita bwino kochepa kwa mankhwalawo kunafotokozedwa ndi kuyeretsa kochepa kwa mankhwala omwe amapangidwa, momwe pangamic acid nthawi zambiri imawonongeka, kuipitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa ndimakanidwe chifukwa cha ukadaulo wopanga, womwe unakhudzanso zovuta zake zamankhwala pambuyo pake. Pakapita kanthawi, chipwirikiti chozungulira asidi chinachepa, ndipo akuyenera kudziwa kuti zinthu zachilendozi zidamupeza asanamuyesedwe m'moyo.

mafuta sungunuka / madzi sungunuka vitamini-ngati mankhwala ☰

Mavitamini okhala ndi mafuta osungunuka monga:

• F (zofunika mafuta acids),
• N (thioctic acid, lipoic acid),
• Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone, coenzyme Q).

Mavitamini okhala ngati madzi sungunuka ndi:

• B4 (choline),
• B8 (inositol, inositol),
• B10 (para-aminobenzoic acid),
• B11 (carnitine, L-carnitine),
• B13 (orotic acid, orotate),
• B14 (pyrroloquinolinquinone, coenzyme PQQ),
• B15 (pangamic acid),
• B16 (dimethylglycine, DMG),
• B17 (amygdalin, laetral, letril),
• P (bioflavonoids),
• U (S-methylmethionine).

1. Witaminy i substancje witaminopodobne

Zida zonse ndizongowongolera zokha. Chodzikanira krok8.com

Zizindikiro zakusowa

Kuperewera kwa Inositol kumadziwika ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Komabe, palibe matenda enaake osonyeza kuperewera kwa B8 m'thupi.

Zizindikiro Zambiri Zambiri

Panthawi yoyeserayi, zidapezeka kuti ngakhale mutatenga theka la gramu ya zinthu patsiku, zizindikiro za bongo sizimachitika.

Mlingo woyenera

Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse zimachokera ku 500-1000 mg.

Poyamba, chinthuchi chimanenedwa kuti Vitamini wa B-gulu 4. Komano chiphunzitsocho chidakonzedwanso, ndipo choline adayikidwa ngati zinthu zonga vitamini.

Ntchito mthupi

Ntchito yachilengedwe ya choline imakhala yoyendera ndi kagayidwe ka lipids. Amakhulupirira kuti choline chitha kuchepetsa cholesterol ya plasma, kuwonjezera luso la ubongo, komanso kukonza kukumbukira.

Zizindikiro zakusowa

Kuperewera kwa choline kungayambitse:

• onjezerani cholesterol mthupi,
• mafuta chiwindi
• matenda ammbuyo
• kuwonongeka kwaimpso,
• kuchuluka magazi.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zakusowa zinaonedwa mwa nyama. Zotsatira zakuchepa mu thupi la munthu - sizimadziwika, kafukufuku wochepa wachitika. Koma asayansi ena amagwirizanitsa kuchepa kwa B4 ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, matenda a Alzheimer's.

Zizindikiro Zambiri Zambiri

Chikhalidwe cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha choline ndichoperewera, ndikosavuta kupereka zakudya zoyenera, ndipo chiopsezo cha bongo wambiri ndizochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu ina ya choline kungasokoneze kugwira ntchito kwa matumbo microflora, kusokoneza kapangidwe kazinthu zina zopindulitsa.

Mlingo woyenera

"Gawo" la tsiku ndi tsiku la B4 ndi pafupifupi 500 mg.

Levocarnitine ndi ofanana ndi mavitamini B (chifukwa chake dzinali - Vitamini W). Zowonadi, monga momwe sayansi ya biochemistry imafotokozera, levocarnitine ndizotsatira zamapangidwe amino acid awiri - lysine ndi methionine.

Ntchito mthupi

Carnitine imapezeka mu minofu ya mtima ndi mafupa. Amapatsidwa ntchito ngati "transporter" yamafuta acids, makamaka, kuti apatse minofu mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudza bwino dongosolo la kubereka kwamwamuna, ndikofunikira pakukula kwa mluza ndi mwana wosabadwayo. Koma ngakhale asanabadwe, mwana wosabadwayo amapanga payekha zinthu izi.

Zizindikiro zakusowa

Kuperewera kwa carnitine kungayambitse hypoglycemia, myopathy, cardiomyopathy.

Mlingo woyenera

Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse zimachokera ku 500-1000 mg.

Poyamba, chinthuchi chimanenedwa kuti Vitamini wa B-gulu 4. Komano chiphunzitsocho chidakonzedwanso, ndipo choline adayikidwa ngati zinthu zonga vitamini.

Ntchito mthupi

Ntchito yachilengedwe ya choline imakhala yoyendera ndi kagayidwe ka lipids. Amakhulupirira kuti choline chitha kuchepetsa cholesterol ya plasma, kuwonjezera luso la ubongo, komanso kukonza kukumbukira.

Zizindikiro zakusowa

Kuperewera kwa choline kungayambitse:

• onjezerani cholesterol mthupi,
• mafuta chiwindi
• matenda ammbuyo
• kuwonongeka kwaimpso,
• kuchuluka magazi.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zakusowa zinaonedwa mwa nyama. Zotsatira zakuchepa mu thupi la munthu - sizimadziwika, kafukufuku wochepa wachitika. Koma asayansi ena amagwirizanitsa kuchepa kwa B4 ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, matenda a Alzheimer's.

Zizindikiro Zambiri Zambiri

Chikhalidwe cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha choline ndichoperewera, ndikosavuta kupereka zakudya zoyenera, ndipo chiopsezo cha bongo wambiri ndizochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu ina ya choline kungasokoneze kugwira ntchito kwa matumbo microflora, kusokoneza kapangidwe kazinthu zina zopindulitsa.

Mlingo woyenera

"Gawo" la tsiku ndi tsiku la B4 ndi pafupifupi 500 mg.

Levocarnitine ndi ofanana ndi mavitamini B (chifukwa chake dzinali - Vitamini W). Zowonadi, monga momwe sayansi ya biochemistry imafotokozera, levocarnitine ndizotsatira zamapangidwe amino acid awiri - lysine ndi methionine.

Ntchito mthupi

Carnitine imapezeka mu minofu ya mtima ndi mafupa. Amapatsidwa ntchito ngati "transporter" yamafuta acids, makamaka, kuti apatse minofu mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudza bwino dongosolo la kubereka kwamwamuna, ndikofunikira pakukula kwa mluza ndi mwana wosabadwayo. Koma ngakhale asanabadwe, mwana wosabadwayo amapanga payekha zinthu izi.

Zizindikiro zakusowa

Kuperewera kwa carnitine kungayambitse hypoglycemia, myopathy, cardiomyopathy.

Zizindikiro za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri

Zopanda poizoni Ngati njirayi imakhala yochulukirapo, imatha kuyambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba.

Mlingo woyenera

Zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka komanso njira ya moyo wa munthu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, kufunikira kwake ndi:

• kwa ana - 10-100 mg,
• kwa achinyamata - mpaka 300 mg,
• kwa akuluakulu - 200-500 mg.

• olimbikira amatenga 0,5 - 2 g,
• Kuchepetsa thupi komanso kufuna kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira - 1.5-3 g,
• omanga - 1.5-3 g,
• odwala Edzi, mtima matenda, pachimake matenda opatsirana, anthu odwala matenda a impso, chiwindi - 1-1,5 g.

Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi 25% ya zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za carnitine zitha kupangidwa ndi munthu popanda ufulu.

Orotic acid

Orotic acid, kapena wotchedwa vitamini B13, woyamba kudzipatula kuchokera ku Whey. Mthupi la munthu, limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zama acid, phospholipids ndi bilirubin. Ndi chinthu cha anabolic chomwe chimalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni. Kuphatikiza apo, orotic acid imatha kusintha chiwindi, kumapangitsanso minofu ya England.

Mitylmethionine sulfonium

Mitylmethionine sulfonium, kapena thunthu la U, lili m'zinthu zofanana ndi vitamini. Kufunika kwake kwa thupi sikunatsimikizidwe, koma izi sizikulepheretsa kuchita ntchito zofunika. Ndi kufooka m'thupi, zinthu zina zimazibweza. Munthu yekhayo sangapange vitamini U. Mafuta achikasu osungunuka amtunduwu amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Yoyamba kupatulidwa kuchokera ku msuzi wa kabichi.

Udindo m'thupi:

• amatenga nawo gawo pakuchepetsera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika,
• ili ndi katundu wa antiulcer
• imalepheretsa kukula kwa kukokoloka kwa m'mimba ndikulimbikitsanso kuchiritsa kwa zilonda zam'mimba,
• Njira yabwino yothana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chakudya, mphumu ya bronchial,
• wokhala ndi lipotropic katundu, amateteza chiwindi ku kunenepa kwambiri,
• amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zopanda ntchito,
• bwino kagayidwe.

Vitamini B4

Vitamini B4 imakhudzidwa ndimayendedwe a mafuta, imalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa mafuta m'chiwindi ndikupanga mapangidwe ofunika a phospholipid - lecithin, omwe amachepetsa kagayidwe ka cholesterol ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Choline ndiyofunikira pakapangidwe ka acetylcholine, komwe kamakhudzidwa ndi kufalikira kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha.
Choline amalimbikitsa hematopoiesis, imakhudza njira zomwe zikukula, amateteza chiwindi kuti chiwonongeke ndi mowa ndi zotupa zina zopweteka komanso zopweteka.

Vitamini B8

Vitamini B8 imapezeka kwambiri m'matumbo amanjenje, ma ndimu amaso, lacrimal komanso seminal fluid.
Inositol imatsitsa cholesterol yamagazi, imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka mota m'mimba ndi matumbo. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Vitamini B13

Vitamini B13 imayendetsa hematopoiesis, onse magazi ofiira (maselo ofiira) ndi oyera (maselo oyera). Ili ndi mphamvu yosintha kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi, imasintha ntchito ya chiwindi, imatenga nawo gawo pakusintha kwa ma folic ndi pantothenic acid, komanso kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zofunika za amino acid methionine.
Orotic acid imathandizira pochiza matenda a chiwindi ndi mtima. Pali umboni kuti umachulukitsa chonde ndikukula kwa chitukuko cha fetal.

Vitamini B15

Vitamini B15 ili ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakumveka kwachilengedwe pokhudzana ndi mphamvu yake ya lipotropic - kuthekera koteteza kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi ndi magulu achinsinsi a methyl omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi popanga ma nucleic acids, phospholipids, creatine ndi zina zofunika pakompyuta.
Pangamic acid amachepetsa zamafuta ndi cholesterol m'magazi, amathandizira kupanga mahomoni a adrenal, amasintha kupuma kwa minofu, amatenga nawo mbali m'magulu a oxidative - ndi antioxidant wamphamvu. Amathandizira kutopa, amachepetsa chilakolako cha mowa, amateteza ku matenda a cirrhosis, amathandiza kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Vitamini H1

Para-aminobenzoic acid ndi wofunikira m'thupi la munthu, makamaka ngati matenda a Peyronie apezeka, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza amuna azaka zapakati. Ndi matendawa, minyewa ya mbolo mwa munthu imakhala yachilendo kwambiri. Zotsatira za matendawa, pakukonzekera, mbolo imakhazikika, zomwe zimapatsa wodwala ululu waukulu. Pochiza matendawa, makonzedwe a vitamini awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mokulira, zakudya zokhala ndi vitaminiyi ziyenera kupezeka mu chakudya cha anthu.
Paraaminobenzoic acid amalembera matenda monga kuchepa kwakakhazikika, kuchepa kwa thupi ndi m'maganizo, kuperewera kwa folic acid, matenda a Peyronie, nyamakazi, kufooka pambuyo pake ndi kuchepa kwa Dupuytren, photosensitivity a khungu, vitiligo, scleroderma, ultraviolet amayaka, alopecia.

Vitamini L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine amathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta ndikuthandizira kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu pakuwukonza mthupi, kumawonjezera kupirira ndikufupikitsa nthawi yochira panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, kusintha ntchito zamtima, kutsitsa zomwe zimakhala zamafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, zimathandizira kukula kwama minofu minofu, kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
L-Carnitine amachulukitsa kukhatikiza kwa mafuta m'thupi. Pokhala ndi zokwanira za L-carnitine, mafuta acids satulutsa poizoni waulere, koma mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a ATP, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri mphamvu ya minofu yamtima, yomwe 70% imadyetsedwa ndi mafuta acids.

Vitamini N amatenga mbali pakubadwa kwa oxidation njira, popereka thupi ndi mphamvu, pakupanga coenzyme A, yofunikira kwa metabolism yachilendo yam'madzi, mapuloteni ndi mafuta.
Kutenga kagayidwe kazakudya, mankhwala a lipoic acid amathandizira kuti magazi azikhala ndi ubongo nthawi yayitali, michere yayikulu komanso mphamvu yama cell am'mitsempha, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kukumbukira komanso kukumbukira.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za vitamini P ndikulimbitsa ma capillaries ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa khoma la mtima. Amalepheretsa ndikuchiritsa magazi m`kamwa, kupewa magazi, komanso amakhala ndi antioxidant.
Bioflavonoids imathandizira kupuma kwa minofu ndi zochitika zina za endocrine tiziwalo timene timatulutsa, makamaka timinyewa ta adrenal, kukonza chithokomiro, kukulitsa kukana matenda komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Vitamini U ali ndi anti-histamine komanso anti-atherosulinotic katundu. Zimatenga gawo la methylation ya histamine, yomwe imabweretsa kutulutsa kwa acidity ya madzi a m'mimba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (kwa miyezi ingapo), S-methylmethionine sichikhudza kwambiri chiwindi (kunenepa kwake), chomwe amino acid methionine ili nacho.

Ganizirani mitundu inayi ya zinthu ngati vitamini:

1. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi mapangidwe ovuta, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yazomera.
2. Ndikofunikira mu thupi zazing'ono kwambiri.
3. Mavuto osavulaza komanso ochepa.
4. Mosiyana ndi mavitamini, ma macroelements ndi ma microelements ambiri, kusowa kwa zinthu zokhala ndi mavitamini sikupangitsa kuti thupi lizisokonezeka.

Ntchito 4 za zinthu ngati vitamini:

1. Ndi gawo limodzi la metabolism. Muzochita zawo, ali ofanana ndi amino acid, komanso mafuta acids.
2. Imalimbikitsa zochita zama mavitamini ndi michere yofunika.
3. Amakhala ndi zotsatira za anabolic.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zothandizira pochiritsa ngati ndalama zowonjezera.

Zinthu zosungunuka zamavitamini ngati madzi:

• Vitamini B4 (Choline)
• vitamini B8 (inositol, inositol),
• vitamini B13 (orotic acid),
• vitamini B15 (pangamic acid),
• carnitine
• para-aminobenzoic acid (vitamini B10, PABA, bacterial grow factor and pigmentation factor),
• vitamini U (S-methylmethionine),
• vitamini N (lipoic acid).