Bungwe la anthu odwala matenda ashuga

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa sayansi, chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi maselo a tsinde ndizosamveka, chifukwa mwa odwala awa nyanja ya insulin. koma ma cell amisala sazindikira.

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, momwe maselo a stem samamvekanso. Maselo oyambira a B-Islands omwewo amapezeka pamakumba a kapamba. Ngakhale odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wautali, maselo awa ndi ambiri, koma ali mu "kugona", chifukwa autoimmune kuukira kwa thupi kumalepheretsa kupanga ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kukula kwa mtundu wa tsinde.
Ngati masimba a tsinde akakakamizidwa kulowa, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe zikukula m'maselo'zi zidzapangidwanso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala phwando laukwati, kenako kukokosera kwa matenda ashuga chifukwa chakuwukira kwatsopano kwa chitetezo chathupi.
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndikuyambitsa maselo a tsinde - awa ndi a oncologists, chifukwa maselo a tsinde ndi omwe amachititsa chotupa.

Apa adalemba kale kuti ku Skolkovo, tsopano, gulu la akatswiri obadwa ndi majini apanga njira yolumikizira maselo apadera amwazi omwe amatchinga chitetezo cha mthupi mthupi lanu. Popanda kupondereza ntchito zoyambira za chitetezo chamthupi pakokha kulimbana ndi matenda. Poterepa, kusinthika kwachilengedwe kwa maselo awo omwe ali ndi tsinde ndikupanga insulin yawo. Koma. monga nthawi zonse, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ku USA ndi Israel, popanda ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito ku Russia.

Ndipo njira yoyenera yokhazikitsira maselo a st, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndikutsatsa kotsatsa, komwe kumatsogolera posachedwa kapena pang'ono pang'ono matenda a shuga.
Ngati ndalama ndi chikhulupiriro mwa madotolo akunja - pitani patsogolo, ndalama zikatha, onetsetsani kuti mwasiyitsa miyezi ingati (masabata) popanda insulin yakunja, pambuyo pake ndikuwonjezereka

Idasinthidwa komaliza ndi ena pa 24 Mar 2014, 08: 18, yasinthidwa nthawi imodzi.

Mankhwala kwa ife ⇒ Matenda a shuga a ana ndi maselo a tsinde

Uthenga firsovakamilla »Disembala 03, 2015 12: 47 a.m.

Uthenga sharmelka »Disembala 03, 2015 1: 32 am

Uthenga Svyatv February 03, 2016 20:04

Uthenga wodwala »Feb 09, 2016 2:30 p.m.

Posachedwa ndinapeza nkhani:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chipatala cha Ana a Boston, ndi mabungwe ena ambiri azachipatala amachita njira zoyambirira zakuchipatala zotumizira maselo a islet omwe amapanga insulin.

Kafukufuku mu mbewa adawonetsa kuti maselo aanthu omwe aphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera amatha kuchiritsa matenda a shuga m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha popanda mayankho ofunika m'thupi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatsutsana ndi kapamba. Zotsatira zake, thupi limataya mphamvu yake yachilengedwe yakuwongolera shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwunika pawokha mosamala, kuyeza kangapo patsiku ndikupanga jakisoni wambiri.

Chithandizo chabwino cha matenda ashuga chimakhala m'malo mwa malo owonongeka (masoka a Langerhans), omwe amaphatikizana ndi 1-2% ya misa ya kapamba. Kukhazikika kwa maselowa ndikofunikira pamoyo wa thupi, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri m'thupi.

Kuziika mpaka pano zakhala vuto. Mazana a zoyeserera zakuthana adachita bwino, koma amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma immunosuppressants pamoyo wonse wodwalayo.

Tekinoloji yatsopanoyi imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zapadera kuphatikiza maselo a anthu asanagulitsidwe. Vala yapadera imapangitsa kuti maselo aoperekawo akhale "osawoneka" ku chitetezo cha wolandila. Chifukwa cha izi, palibe kukanidwa kwa minofu yakunja, ndipo zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatheratu pambuyo pa miyezi 6.

Ma cell omwe amapanga insulin mkati mwa kapisolo amapangidwa motsatira maselo a tsinde ndipo amapanga kuchuluka kofunikira kwambiri kwa insulin poyankha shuga. M'mayeso a labotale, mankhwalawa adapereka chidziwitso nthawi yonse yoyesa: mpaka masiku 174.

Kugwiritsira ntchito kwachipatala kwakukulu njira yatsopanoyi kuwonetsera momwe imathandizira anthu. Pali mwayi uliwonse kuti matenda ashuga awonjezere pamndandanda wa matenda omwe adagonjetsedwa omwe kale sanali ochiritsidwa.

Kutumizidwa pambuyo pa mphindi 4:
Pazofufuza zonse komanso zomwe asayansi apeza, sizokayikitsa kuti makampani opanga zamankhwala amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwambiri kuti athetse phindu lochulukirapo. Sizothandiza kwa aliyense kuti anthu athanzi.

Kutumizidwa pambuyo mphindi 2 masekondi 33:
Mwana wamwamuna ali ndi zaka 9, shuga 1 kuyambira 2 zaka. Kufotokozera kotsimikizika koyambira kwa matenda ashuga sikunapezeke. Palibe wachibale aliyense amene anali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 1

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa insulini kumayamba chifukwa cha kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe amapezeka munkhokwe zamatumba a Langerhans. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha izi:

• Matenda obadwa nawo.
• Zotsatira za Autoimmune.
• Matenda a mavairasi - chikuku, rubella, cytomegalovirus, nthomba, kachilombo ka Coxsackie, mamps.
• Zowopsa zovuta m'maganizo.
• Njira yotupa mu kapamba.

Wodwala akapanda kuthandizidwa ndi insulin, amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zoopsa mu mawonekedwe a zovuta - stroke, vuto la mtima, kuchepa kwa mashuga mu matenda a shuga, microangiopathy ndi kukula kwa gangrene, neuropathy ndi matenda a impso.

Njira zochizira matenda amtundu 1 shuga

Masiku ano, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati osachiritsika. Therapy ndikukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose mumagawo omwe amalimbikitsidwa kudzera mu jakisoni wa zakudya ndi insulin. Matenda a wodwala amatha kukhala okhutira ndi mlingo woyenera, koma maselo a pancreatic sangabwezeretsedwe.

Kuyesa kwa pancreatic kwachitika, koma kupambana sikunadziwike. Ma insulin onse amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni, popeza mothandizidwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndi pepsin kuchokera m'madzi a m'mimba, amawonongeka. Chimodzi mwazosankha zoyendetsera makinawo ndikumatulutsa kwa pampu ya insulin.

Pochiza matenda a shuga, njira zatsopano zawoneka zomwe zawonetsa zotsimikiza:

1. Katemera wa DNA.
2. Kukonzanso T-lymphocyte.
3. Muli.
4. Chithandizo cha cell tsinde.

Njira yatsopano ndikutukuka kwa DNA - katemera yemwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi mwa DNA, pomwe chiwonongeko cha maselo a pancreatic amasiya. Njirayi ili pa gawo la mayesero azachipatala, chitetezo chake ndi zotsatira zazitali zimatsimikiziridwa.

Amayesetsanso kuchitapo kanthu pachitetezo cha mthupi mothandizidwa ndi maselo apadera omwe amakonzedwanso, omwe, malinga ndi omwe akupanga, amatha kuteteza maselo a insulini mu kapamba.

Kuti muchite izi, ma T-lymphocyte amatengedwa, m'malo a labotale zinthu zawo zimasinthidwa kotero kuti amasiya kuwononga maselo a pancreatic beta. Ndipo atatha kubwerera m'magazi a wodwala, T-lymphocyte amayamba kumanganso mbali zina za chitetezo chathupi.

Njira imodzi, plasmapheresis, imathandizira kuyeretsa magazi a mapuloteni, kuphatikiza ma antigen ndi zida zowonongeka za chitetezo cha mthupi. Magazi amapatsirana kudzera mu zida zapadera ndipo amabwerera ku kama.

Chithandizo cha Stem Cell Diabetes

Maselo ofiira ndi maselo osakhazikika, osagwirizana ndi mafupa omwe amapezeka mufupa. Nthawi zambiri, chiwalo chikawonongeka, chimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndipo pamalo omwe awonongeka, atenga ziwalo zodwala.

Stem cell therapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

• Multiple Sclerosis.
• Cerebrovascular ngozi.
• Matenda a Alzheimer's.
• Kubweza m'malingaliro (osati kwa chibadwa).
• Cerebral palsy.
• Kulephera kwa mtima, angina pectoris.
• Limb ischemia.
• Kuletsa endarteritis.
• Zotupa zotupa ndi zowonda.
• Kusakwanira.
• Matenda a Parkinsinson.
• Psoriasis ndi zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus.
• Hepatitis ndi chiwindi kulephera.
• Pofuna kukonzanso.

Njira yakhazikitsidwa pothana ndi matenda amishuga a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe ali ndi maselo oyambira ndipo ndemanga zake zimapereka chifukwa chokhalira ndi chiyembekezo. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikuti:

1. Mafuta a mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera ku sternum kapena femur. Kuti muchite izi, chitani mpanda wake pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapadera.
2. Kenako maselo awa amakonzedwa, ena mwa iwo amawundana ndi njira zotsatirazi, ena onse amaikidwa mu mtundu wa chofungatira, ndipo mpaka 250 miliyoni amakula kuyambira zikwi makumi awiri m'miyezi iwiri.
3. Maselo omwe amalandiridwa amalowetsedwa kwa wodwala kudzera mu catheter mu kapamba.

Opaleshoni iyi imatha kuchitika opaleshoni yakumalo. Ndipo malinga ndi ndemanga za odwala, kuyambira koyambirira kwa chithandizo amamva kutentha kwambiri m'matumba. Ngati sikungatheke kutumiza kudzera mu catheter, maselo a tsinde amatha kulowa mthupi kudzera mwa kulowetsedwa kudzera mkati.

Zimatenga masiku 50 kuti maselowo ayambe kubwezeretsa kapamba. Panthawi imeneyi, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika kapamba:

• Maselo owonongeka amasinthidwa ndi maselo a tsinde.
• Maselo atsopano ayamba kutulutsa insulini.
• Fomu yatsopano yamitsempha yamagazi (mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afulumizitse angiogeneis).

Pakatha miyezi itatu, sinthani zotsatira zake. Malinga ndi omwe analemba njirayi ndi zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka m'makiriniki aku Europe, odwala matendawa amakhala ndi nkhawa, thanzi la shuga limayamba kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Zizindikiro zake ndi hemoglobin wa glycated m'magazi zimakhazikika.

Chithandizo cham'mimba cha stem chimapereka zotsatira zabwino ndi zovuta zomwe zayamba. Ndi polyneuropathy, phazi la matenda ashuga, maselo amatha kuyambitsa mwachindunji mu zotupa. Nthawi yomweyo, kufooka kwa magazi ndi mitsempha ya m'mitsempha imayamba kuchira, zilonda zam'mimba zimachira.

Kuphatikiza izi, njira yachiwiri yoyendetsera imalimbikitsa. Kuphatikizika kwa maselo ndikuchitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Potere, maselo omwe adatengedwa mgawo loyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madokotala omwe amathandizira odwala matenda a shuga ndi maselo a stem, zotsatira zake zimawoneka pafupifupi theka la odwala ndipo amapezeka ndikukwaniritsidwa kwakutali kwa matenda a shuga - pafupifupi chaka ndi theka. Pali deta yokhayokha yokhudza milandu ya kukana insulini ngakhale kwa zaka zitatu.

Zotsatira zoyipa zama cell a tsinde

Chovuta chachikulu chazomwe chimayambira matenda a shuga 1 ndikuti, malinga ndi kakulidwe, shuga yodalira insulin imatengera matenda a autoimmune.

Pakadali pomwe zigawo za tsinde zimapeza ma insulin cell a kapamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambiranso chimodzimodzi monga kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kulumikizidwa kwawo kukhala kovuta.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kukanidwa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza chitetezo chathupi. Zikatero, zovuta zimatheka:

• chiopsezo chokhudza poizoni chikuwonjezeka,
• nseru, kusanza kumatha kuchitika,
• ndi kuyambitsa kwa immunosuppressants, kutaya tsitsi ndikotheka,
• thupi limadziteteza kumatenda,
• magawolo osalamulirika amatha kuchitika, zomwe zimayambitsa njira zotupa.

Ofufuza aku America ndi ku Japan mu cell yanyumba ati akufuna kusintha njira ndikumayambitsa maselo a tsinde osati m'matumba a pancreatic, koma m'chiwindi kapena pansi pa chifuwa cha impso. M'malo awa, sachedwa kuwonongeka ndi maselo chitetezo chathupi.

Komanso pansi pa chitukuko ndi njira yophatikiza mankhwala - majini ndi ma cellular. Jini imayikidwa mu cell yokhala ndi mapuloteni obadwa nawo, omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa cell ya beta; khungu lomwe lili kale ndi insulin limalowa m'thupi. Poterepa, chitetezo cha mthupi sichitchulidwa.

Pa nthawi yonseyi, kusiya kusuta kwathunthu, mowa umafunika. Prerequisites ndi zakudya komanso zochilimbitsa thupi.

Kupendekeka kwa maselo ndikutsimikizika ndi malo olimbikitsa pakuchiza matenda ashuga. Malingaliro otsatirawa atha kuchitika:

1. Chithandizo cha ma cell-cell chawonetsa mphamvu ya njira iyi pochiza matenda a shuga 1, omwe amachepetsa mlingo wa insulin.
2. Zotsatira zabwino zapezeka zochizira zovuta zamagazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.
3. Mtundu 2 wa shuga wosadalira insulini umachira bwino, chikhululukiro chimatheka mwachangu, popeza chitetezo cha mthupi sichikuwononga maselo atsopano.
4. Ngakhale ndemanga zabwino komanso zofotokozedwa ndi ma endocrinologists (makamaka achilendo) zotsatira za mankhwalawa, njirayi siinafufuzidwe kwathunthu.

Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhulanso za kuchiza matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi masinde omwe amakhala.