Momwe chakudya chimagwididwira komanso zomwe odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa

Njira zoperekera zakudya zamafuta m'magazi a anthu zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo, ndipo izi sizongogawika.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zosavuta zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a maselo, motero zimatengeka mosavuta mthupi. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kapangidwe ka mamolekyumu opanga zovuta zam'mimba ndizosiyana pang'ono. Pofuna kutengeka, kugawanika koyambira kwa zosavuta zosavuta ndizofunikira.

Kwa wodwala matenda ashuga, ndizowopsa osati kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma kukula kwake mwachangu. Pankhaniyi, kumabwera mofulumira chakudya cham'mimba m'matumbo am'magazi, omwe amathanso ndi shuga. Zonsezi zimabweretsa mawonekedwe a hyperglycemia.

Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya

Tidzatchula zinthu zonsezi zomwe zimafotokoza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimamwa.

Mapangidwe a Carbohydrate - zovuta kapena zosavuta.
Chakudya Chokwanira - Zakudya za fiber zambiri zimachepetsa kuyamwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Kutentha kwa chakudya - chakudya chochuluka chimachepetsa mayamwidwe.
Kupezeka kwa mafuta mu chakudya -Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimapangitsa kuti mafuta abwinobwino pang'ono.
Kukonzekera kwapaderaomwe amachepetsa mayamwidwe - mwachitsanzo, Glucobay.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Katundu Wopatsa Mafuta

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, zinthu zonse zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

Kuphatikizira "pompopompo" shuga. Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadzuka nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti, mukangodya kapena pa nthawi yake. Shuga "Instant" amapezeka mu fructose, glucose, sucrose ndi maltose.
Kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake shuga ikufulumira. Zakudya izi zikaperekedwa, shuga wamagazi amayamba kukwera pafupifupi mphindi 15 mutatha kudya. Izi zimapangidwa ndikukhala m'matumbo amtundu umodzi mpaka maola awiri. Shuga "Wofulumira" umapezeka mu sucrose ndi fructose, omwe amathandizidwa ndi omwe amawonjezera njira ya mayamwidwe (maapulo amatha kuphatikizidwa pano).
Kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake shuga ndi "wodekha." Magazi a shuga amayamba kukwera pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi mphindi 30 chakudya chikatha. Zinthu zimapangidwa m'matumbo am'mimba kwa maola awiri kapena ambiri. Shuga wowonda ndi wowuma, lactose, sucrose, fructose, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu prolonger.

Njira zamankhwala a insulin, momwe mankhwalawo amagawidwira tsiku lonse, zabwino ndi zovuta za malingaliro otchuka

Kodi odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudya batala? Kodi izi zikuwopseza chiyani komanso mafuta opindulitsa omwe amapezeka mumafuta?

Kodi kubaya insulin? Ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadziwika?Nawa zitsanzo zina zokuthandizani kumvetsetsa izi:

Mafuta a shuga, mwachitsanzo, otengedwa ngati mapiritsi, amapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Momwemonso, fructose yomwe imakhala mumadzi a zipatso, komanso maltose ochokera ku kvass kapena mowa, amamizidwa. M'm zakumwa izi, CHIKWANGWANI kulibe, komwe kungachedwetse kuyamwa.
CHIKWANGWANI chilipo mu zipatso, chifukwa chake kunyamula nthawi yomweyo sikuthekanso. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimatengedwa mwachangu, komabe, osati nthawi yomweyo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi timadziti totengedwa zipatso.
Chakudya chopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa chimangokhala wopanda CHIKWANGWANI CHILI, CHIMODZI Chifukwa chake, apa ntchito yoyamwa imachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kukonda Kwazinthu

Kuwona chakudya kuchokera pomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mukamasankha zakudya, ndikofunikira kuganizira osati mtundu wamankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwake, komanso zomwe zimakhala pang'onopang'ono pazakudya.

Podziwa mfundo iyi, mutha kupanga menyu kukhala yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mikate yoyera ndibwino kusinthanitsa ndi rye, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa fiber kumapeto kwake. Koma ngati mukufunadi ufa, ndiye musanadyeko musanadye saladi wa masamba atsopano, momwe fiber imalipo yambiri.

Ndizothandiza kwambiri kudya osati zogulitsa zokhazokha, koma kuphatikiza mbale zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhomaliro mutha kuphatikiza:

msuzi
yachiwiri ya nyama ndi masamba,
saladi wa appetizer
buledi ndi apulo.

Kulowetsedwa kwa shuga sikutuluka pazogulitsa payekha, koma kuchokera posakaniza. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chotere chimathandiza kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta m'magazi.

Matenda a insulini: jakisoni wa insulin sangakhale wopweteka, wosakhalitsa komanso wopanda mankhwala

Buckwheat mu shuga - werengani zambiri munkhaniyi

Diso limatsika pofuna kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda amaso ngati zovuta za matenda ashuga

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Mwachidule za chakudya

Ma carbohydrate ndi gulu lalikulu la zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi carbonyl ndi ma hydroxyl pamagulu awo. Dzinalo la gululi limachokera ku mawu oti "kaboni hydrate." Ndi gawo limodzi la zinthu zonse zamoyo.

Ndiosavuta kunena pazinthu izi. Aphatikizeni mu chinthu chofanana mu mankhwala, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe tikumvetsetsa ndikuti chakudya chamafuta ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala wotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale tikuganiza kuti timatha kukhala opanda chakudya, titha kutchedwa "osinthika" mwadongosolo kwambiri. Pakusowa kudya kwa chakudya chamafuta, thupi limatha kuchotsa shuga kumapuloteni kapena mafuta, komabe, mphamvu zambiri zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha izi, komanso zomwe zimachitika ndi zinthu (matupi a ketone), omwe kuwonjezereka kwake kumayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pakudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, tiyenera kupeza mphamvu 50-60%.

Kodi chakudya “chamagulu onse” ndi chiyani?

Mwachikhalidwe chakudya chamagulu amagawika zosavuta komanso zovuta. Zoyambayo zimatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi ndipo zimalowa mwachangu m'magazi. Ndipo yachiwiri ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri - m'mimba komanso osagaya chakudya.
Zakudya zomanga thupi zovuta, zomwe timatha kupeza mphamvu, zimakhala ndi zovuta kupanga. Thupi limawaphwanya kuti akhale ndi shuga m'magawo angapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shuga ya magazi awo imakwera motalika. Mu matenda ashuga, ndikosavuta kulipira chakudya chamafuta, chifukwa samapereka nsonga zakuthwa za glycemia. Komabe, munthu ayenera kusamala pamene mafuta ndi mapuloteni amawonjezeredwa ndi zovuta zovuta zamankhwala, chifukwa njira yolowera shuga m'magazi ikukulirakulira.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zophatikizika (mwachitsanzo, pectin, fiber) zimatchedwa choncho, chifukwa zinthu izi zimadutsa m'mimba ndipo sizikhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Munthu m'thupi alibe ma enzymes ofanana, koma microflora yamatumbo yopindulitsa imagwiritsa ntchito ulusiwu ngati chakudya chawo. Zakudya zosagaya chakudya zimasintha ma peristalsis (ma wave-like wall wall omwe amalimbikitsa zamkati) m'mimba, amathandizira cholesterol yotsika, komanso, burashi, amachotsa zinthu zovulaza (mwachitsanzo, poizoni poyizoni).
Mu matenda ashuga, timakonda kwambiri michere yazakudya, chifukwa kupezeka kwawo mu zakudya, monga makeke otsekemera, kumathandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa shuga m'magazi. Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito motere: timadya gawo la saladi, ndipo pambuyo pake timatha kudya mchere wambiri chifukwa cha mantha ochepa a shuga mu mawonekedwe a nsonga yayikulu pakuwunikira.

Kodi timafunikira michere ingati?

Palibe yankho limodzi pa izi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, akukhulupirira kuti 50-60% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayenera kupezeka kuchokera kwa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti muthe kupeza mavitamini ambiri patsiku (kupatula vitamini D ndi B12), munthu wamkulu amalimbikitsidwa kudya masamba atatu (masamba gramu 150) a masamba ndi 1.5 servings tsiku lililonse. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yamafuta, kuphatikiza mashupi osavuta ndi fiber. Koma apa, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, menyu wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa owonjezera amatha kukhala oyenera kwambiri, pakuwongolera shuga.
Nthawi zambiri chakudya cham'madzi ndi ma 150-200 magalamu / tsiku. Chiwerengerochi chidzasiyanasiyana mbali imodzi, kutengera ndi moyo komanso chizindikiro chaumoyo.
Kusukulu ya matenda ashuga, mapiritsi a XE nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa patsiku. Kuti mukhale moyo wongokhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika, amalimbikitsa za 15-18 XE, zomwe zikufanana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa.

Mutha kufikira chithunzi chanu mwa njira yoyesera motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Zakudya zanu zopatsa mphamvu mu thupi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi, ndipo shuga sayenera kusinthasintha pamwambapa komanso mwabwinobwino. Ndikofunika kulabadira osati kuchuluka kokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chokhazikitsidwa ndi masamba, zipatso ndi tirigu wathunthu, chimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zinthu zofunikira zogwira ntchito (mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu) ndikusunga shuga popanda kudumpha mwadzidzidzi. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwonjezera nyama, nsomba, mazira, mkaka ndi mtedza kuti mulandire vitamini B12, ma amino acid ofunikira komanso mafuta acids.

Mawu ochepa za mchere komanso mchere wosavuta

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizofunikira kwambiri pakudya. M'malo mwake ndi chida chamalingaliro, cholankhula - chifukwa cha kusinthasintha. Mukamawerengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito zamagulu ochulukirapo a mchere, michere yamafuta imakhudzidwa. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chotere pa glycemia, mutha kugula zinthu zapadera pomwe shuga amasinthidwa ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe zopanda thanzi, kapena konzekerani maswiti amoto ochepa.

Yesetsani kuti musadye chakudya chochepa m'mawa, pomwe zotupa za mucous zimakhala zapamwamba ndipo glucose amalowa m'magazi mofulumira. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amati chakudya m'mamawa ndizovuta kulipirira. Mwachitsanzo, chakudya cham'mawa chodziwika bwino chokhala ndi zipatso chimatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwanu kwa glycemia.

Zakudya zosavuta zam'mawa m'mawa sizabwino, osati chifukwa chokha cha shuga. Pambuyo pa maswiti, pamakhala kumverera kwanjala mwachangu, ndipo kumverera kwa kutaya mphamvu ndi kugona kumawonekeranso.

Kodi shuga amabisika kuti?

Mashuga osavuta samapezeka mumazakudya zokha. Suzi, yogurts zotsekemera, ma curds, zinthu zomalizidwa (zinthu zomalizidwa, kupangira mozungulira), masamba osankhidwa, tchipisi, zopopera mulinso shuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwerenga zomwe zalembedwa pamapulogalamu. Nthawi zina mwina simungazindikire zamafuta ochepa, chifukwa si shuga wokha. Pamapakewa mutha kuwona mawu oti "maltose syrup", "manyoni", "molasses" kapena "glucose manyuchi". Yang'anirani momwe wopangayo anawonetsera kuchuluka kwa mashuga osavuta kuchokera ku chakudya chonse. Kumbukirani izi mukamakonzekera jakisoni wa insulin kapena kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Kodi zakudya zophatikizira m'thupi zimayamwa bwanji m'thupi?

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi gawo la zakudya zilizonse. Amapereka mphamvu kwa thupi kuti ligwire ntchito ya minofu, kupuma ndi ntchito zaubongo, pakati pa zochitika zina. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimakhala ndi shuga. Ziphuphu zimalumikizidwa nthawi zambiri ndipo zimatchedwa polysaccharides. Ndiye, kodi chakudya chimagwidwa bwanji m'makina? Kupukusira kwa chakudya chamagulu kumayamba mkamwa ndikutha pomwe ma polysaccharides adasweka kukhala monosaccharides, omwe amamwetsedwa m'thupi.

Mitundu yayikulu ya chakudya chamafuta ndi shuga, ma starches ndi fiber fiber. Kuyankha funso "Kodi zakudya zamafuta zimakakamizidwa bwanji?" Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti thupi siligaya zakudya zamitundu yonse. Thupi limagaya shuga ndikuyamba kudya. Mitengo iwiri yamagalimoto ikamamwa, imapatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu 4 pa gramu yamafuta. Thupi laumunthu limasowa ma enzyme ofunikira kugaya kapena kuwononga fiber. Zotsatira zake, ulusi umachotsedwa m'thupi ndi chimbudzi zochuluka.

Kodi zimagwidwa bwanji m'thupi?

Kudzimbidwa kwa chakudya kumapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi. Chotsatirachi ndi kuphwanya zochitika mu magawo osiyanasiyana a thupi, komanso ma enzymes kapena ma acid omwe gawo lililonse limatulutsa.

Kupukusa kumayambira mkamwa, pomwe malovu ochokera kumisempha amachepetsa chakudya. Tikatafuna chakudya ndikuphwanya tizinthu tating'onoting'ono, timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzimadzi tam'madzi. Enzyme iyi imawononga ma polysaccharides m'matumbo.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zimamezedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono osakanikirana ndi enzyme amylase. Kusakaniza uku kumatchedwa chyme. Chyme chimadutsa m'mphepete kulowa m'mimba. Mimba imatulutsanso asidi, omwe sagaya chyme patsogolo, koma amapha mabakiteriya aliwonse pachakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, asidi amasiya kugwira ntchito kwa enylme ya amylase.

Zikondazo zimatulutsa enzyme yapancreatic m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono omwe amaphwanya ma secargeside omwe amapezeka mu chakudya cham'mimba. Ma disaccharides amatchedwanso bimolecular dzuwa. Sucrose ndi zitsanzo za shuga. Ma enzyme ena m'mimba yaying'ono amaphatikiza lactase, sucrose ndi maltase. Ma enzyme amenewa amaswa ma disaccharides kukhala monosaccharides. Ma monosaccharides monga glucose amadziwikanso amodzi a maselo amodzi.

Ripoti la bungwe la United Nations la Food and Agriculture Organisation likuwonetsa kuti kugaya chakudya chamafuta monga shuga ndi ufa wa tirigu kumathamanga. Chimbudzi cha chakudya choterocho chimapezeka kumapeto kwa matumbo aang'ono. Kupukusa kwa mafuta owonjezera, monga tirigu wathunthu, kumachitika kumapeto kwamatumbo aang'ono pafupi ndi ileamu. Ileamu ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono ali ndi villi, zomwe ndizovala zokhala ngati chala zomwe zimamwa chakudya chambiri. Izi protrusions zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kuti zakudya zimatsukidwa m'zakudya kapena mbewu zonse.

Chiwindi chimasunga monosaccharides ngati mafuta a thupi. Transporter yodalira hexose ndi molekyu yomwe imasuntha mamolekyulu amodzi a glucose ndi ion sodium mu ma epithelial cell a intestine yaying'ono. Malinga ndi University of Colado, sodium amasinthana ndi potaziyamu m'magazi, chifukwa mpweya wambiri umasuntha glucose m'maselo kulowa m'magazi. Mkuluyu amasungidwa m'chiwindi ndipo amatuluka pomwe thupi lifunika mphamvu kuti ligwire ntchito yake.

Colon kapena matumbo akulu

Monga tafotokozera kale, thupi limayenda pansi ndikugaya chakudya, kupatula michere yazakudya ndi zina zoyambira zosafunikira. Bacteria yomwe imapezeka m'matumbo amatulutsa michere yomwe imaphwanya michere yambiri. Kupanga chimbudzi mu koloni kumayambitsa kupangika kwamafupi amafuta acid ndi mipweya. Mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'matumbo amatenga mafuta acids ena mphamvu ndikukula, pomwe ena amachotsedwa m'thupi ndi ndowe. Mafuta ena achilengedwe amaphatikizidwa m'maselo a m'matumbo, ndipo gawo laling'ono limatumizidwa ku chiwindi. Zakudya zamafuta zimayamwa pang'onopang'ono m'matumbo am'mimba poyerekeza ndi shuga ndi chakudya cham'mimba. Zotsatira zake, kuyamwa kwa zakudya zamafuta kumabweretsa kukula pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'magazi a magazi.

Zakudya zomanga thupi komanso zosavuta

Nthawi zonse tiyenera kuphatikiza chakudya m'zakudya zathu. Komabe, tifunika kumvetsetsa momwe matupi athu amagwiritsira ntchito magulu osiyanasiyana a chakudya, kuphatikizapo zosavuta (kapena zoipa) zopatsa mphamvu ndi zovuta (kapena zabwino) zopatsa mphamvu. Kuyankha funso loti "momwe zimapangira chakudya zimamwa bwanji?" Tsopano titha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zovuta zamtundu wamafuta ndi kudziwa kuti ndi iti mwa mitundu iwiri yomwe ili ndi thanzi.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zopangidwa mosavuta zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mashubu ofunikira omwe amatha kupukusa mosavuta. Zakudya izi ndizosafunika kwenikweni kwa thupi. Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri, zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ochepa zimakhala zoipa paumoyo wanu.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu komanso zosagaya chakudya

Zakudya zomanga thupi zopatsa mphamvu. Zakudya zomanga thupi zopatsa mphamvu ndizothandiza kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale mphamvu zawo zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zamafuta, munthu amamwa chakudya chambiri ndikupeza 50-60% ya ma calories ofunikira nawo. Ngakhale chakudya cham'mimba, monga othandizira othandizira, amatha kusinthidwa ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni, sangathe kudzipatula kwathunthu ku zakudya. Kupanda kutero, zinthu zosakwanira zamakhatidwe amafuta, zomwe zimatchedwa "matupi a ketone", zidzawonekera m'magazi, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje ndi minofu, kufooka kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe ndi thupi, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chidzachepa.

Amakhulupirira kuti munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ayenera kudya mafuta a 365-400 g (pafupifupi 382 g) wamafuta m'mimba patsiku, kuphatikiza osaposa 50-100 g a shuga osavuta. Mlingo wotere umalepheretsa ketosis komanso kuchepa kwa mapuloteni am'mimba mwa anthu. Kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa thupi kwa chakudya chamafuta kumachitika popewa chomera. Mu zakudya zamasamba, chakudya chamagulu amapanga pafupifupi 75% ya zinthu zouma. Mtengo wa zinthu zachilengedwe monga magwero a chakudya ndiwochepa.

Kuphatikizika kwa chakudya chamafuta kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri: kutengera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya komanso mtundu wa chakudya, zimachokera ku 85 mpaka 99%. Kukhazikika kwazakudya zamagulu m'zakudya kungapangitse matenda angapo (kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga, atherosclerosis).

Monosaccharides. Glucose Glucose ndiyo njira yayikulu yomwe chakudya chamagulu amadzipezeka m'magazi, kupatsa mphamvu ya thupi mphamvu. Ndimo mtundu wa glucose womwe zochuluka zamafuta amalowa m'magazi kuchokera mu chakudya, pomwe glucose imasinthidwa kukhala mafuta mu chiwindi ndipo zakudya zina zonse zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku glucose m'thupi. Glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu waukulu wamafuta m'matupi am'mamariya, kupatula zotupa, ndipo amakhala ngati mafuta munthawi yonse ya embryonic. Glucose amasinthidwa kukhala michere ina yomwe imagwira ntchito zofunikira kwambiri - kukhala glycogen, komwe ndi njira yosungirako mphamvu, mu nthiti yomwe ili ndi ma nucleic acids, kukhala galactose, yomwe ndi gawo la mkaka lactose.

Malo apadera pakati pa monopolysaccharides ndi D nthiti. Imagwira ngati gawo limodzi la mamolekyulu ofunikira kwambiri obadwa nawo omwe amachititsa kuti mauthenga akhale olowa - ribonucleic acid (RNA) ndi ma deoxyribonucleic (DNA); ndi gawo la ATP ndi ADP, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe amasungidwa ndikusamutsidwa pachamoyo chilichonse.

Mlingo wina wamagazi m'magazi (kusala 80-100 mg / 100 ml) ndikofunikira kwathunthu kwa moyo wabwinobwino wamunthu. Mwazi wamagazi ndichinthu chofunikira champhamvu kupezeka ndi khungu lililonse m'thupi. Shuga wowonjezera amasinthidwa makamaka kukhala nyama polysaccharide - glycogen. Ndikusowa kwa chakudya chamafuta m'magazi, shuga amapangika kuchokera kuma polysaccharides ena.

Udindo wofunikira pakuperekedwa kwa kagayidwe kakang'ono ka glucose ndi wa kapamba wa pancreatic - insulin. Ngati thupi limatulutsa mosakwanira, ndiye kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga imachepetsedwa. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi umakwera mpaka 200-400 mg / 100 ml. Impso zimasiya kusungunukira kwambiri shuga m'magazi ndipo shuga amawonekera mkodzo, matenda a shuga amapezeka.

Monosaccharides ndi ma disaccharides, makamaka sucrose, amachititsa kuchuluka kwamagazi a magazi. Mukamadya fructose, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka kwambiri. Fructose, Mosiyana ndi glucose, ali ndi njira yosinthira m'thupi. Imachedwetsedwa kwambiri ndi chiwindi ndipo, motero, imalowa m'magazi ochepa, ndipo ikalowa m'magazi, nthawi zambiri imalowerera mu metabolic osiyanasiyana. Fructose amadutsa mu glucose mu kagayidwe kachakudya, koma kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika bwino komanso pang'onopang'ono, osayambitsa shuga. Ndikofunikanso kuti kutaya kwa fructose mthupi sikutanthauza insulin. Kuchulukitsa kakang'ono kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha zakudya zina zotsekemera, monga mbatata ndi nyemba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga.

Glucose (shuga wa mphesa) mwa mawonekedwe ake omasuka amapezeka mu zipatso ndi zipatso (mu mphesa mpaka 8%, mu plums, yamatcheri 5-6%, mu uchi 36%). Wowuma, glycogen, maltose amapangidwa kuchokera ku mamolekyulu a shuga, shuga ndi gawo lofunikira la sucrose, lactose.

Pangani. Fructose (shuga wa zipatso) ali ndi uchi wambiri (37%), mphesa (7.2%), mapeyala, maapulo, chivwende. Fructose, kuwonjezera apo, ndi gawo lofunikira la sucrose. Kukhazikitsidwa kuti fructose kumochepera kwambiri kuposa sucrose ndi glucose amachititsa dzino kuwola. Izi, komanso kutsekemera kwakukulu kwa fructose poyerekeza ndi sucrose, kumathandizanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kudya fructose poyerekeza ndi shuga ena.

Mashupi osavuta, kuchokera pamalo owonekera, amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwawo. Komabe, digiri ya kutsekemera kwa munthu aliyense payekhapayekha ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngati kutsekemera kwa sucrose kumachitidwa mwamagawo ngati magawo zana, ndiye kuti kukoma kwa wachibale kwa fructose kudzakhala kofanana ndi magawo 173, shuga - 74, sorbitol - 48.

Chotsitsa. Kubweza. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatulutsa disaccharides ndi sucrose, shuga wamba wa chakudya. Suprose ndiyofunikira kwambiri pazakudya. Ichi ndiye gawo lalikulu lamafuta m'maswiti, makeke, makeke. Molekyu ya sucrose imakhala ndi yotsalira imodzi a-D shuga ndi imodzi yotsaliraD fructose. Mosiyana ndi ma disaccharides ambiri, sucrose ilibe glycosidic hydroxyl yaulere ndipo ilibe katundu wobwezeretsa.

Lactose Lactose (disaccharide yomwe imabwezeretsa shuga) imapezeka mkaka wa m'mawere (7.7%), mkaka wa ng'ombe (4,8%), wopezeka mkaka wazilombo zonse. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali m'matumbo am'mimba alibe lactase enzyme, yomwe imaphwanya shuga wa mkaka. Samalekerera mkaka wa ng'ombe, womwe umakhala ndi lactose, koma umatha kudya kefir, pomwe shuga amadyedwa pang'ono ndi yisiti ya kefir.

Anthu ena salolera ma nyemba ndi buledi wakuda, wokhala ndi raffinose ndi stachyose wambiri, yemwe sanatulutsidwe ndi michere ya m'mimba.

Polysaccharides. Wokoma. Pa ma digestible polysaccharides, wowuma, omwe amakhala ndi 80% yazakudya zoledzeretsa, ndizofunikira kwambiri muzakudya. Wokongola ndiwofunikira kwambiri komanso wafala patali. Amakhala 50 mpaka 75% ya zinthu zouma zamphesa ndi osachepera 75% ya zinthu zouma za mbatata kucha. Wowuma amapezeka kwambiri monga chimanga ndi pasitala (55-70%), nyemba (40-45%), buledi (30- 40%), ndi mbatata (15%). Wowuma ndi hydrolyzed kudzera angapo ma intermediates (dextrins) kuti maltose ogwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ndi thupi. Makamaka, acidic kapena enzymatic hydrolysis ya wowuma akhoza kuyimiridwa motere:

Wowuma → sungunuka sungunuka → dextrins (61010 О Н 5 5 n) n → maltose.

Maltose - mankhwala a hydrolysis osakwanira a wowuma, amachepetsa shuga.

Dextrins - (6Н 10 Н 10) n) - - - - - Madzi osungunuka, koma osamwa mowa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa ma dextrins kuchokera ku dzuwa, omwe amasungunuka m'madzi ndi mowa.

Mlingo wa hydrolysis wa wowuma ukhoza kuweruzidwa ndi mtundu pamene ayodini akuwonjezeredwa:

Iodine + wowuma - wabuluu,

ma dextrins - n> 47 - wabuluu,

n Kodi chakudya chama carboine chimathamanga motani ndipo chifukwa chiyani ma carbs odekha amachedwa? Sungani Zabodza Zokhudza Zakudya Zam'madzi!

Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mkaka.

Lactose disaccharide imapezeka kokha mumkaka ndi mkaka (tchizi, kefir, etc.), pafupifupi 1/3 ya nkhani youma. Ma hydrolysis a lactose m'matumbo samachedwa, chifukwa chake amakhala ochepa

nayonso mphamvu njira ndi ntchito ya matumbo microflora ndi adiresi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyamwa kwa lactose m'mimba kumathandizira kuti mabakiteriya a lactic acid, omwe akutsutsana ndi michere ya pathogenic ndi microflora ya pathogenic.

Zakudya zamagetsi zosagaya thupi ndi thupi la munthu sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugaya ndikupanga (limodzi ndi lignin) zomwe zimatchedwa fiber fiber. Michere yazakudya imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi m'thupi la munthu:

yambitsani ntchito yamatumbo,
kusokoneza mayamwidwe a cholesterol,
ligwire ntchito bwino pakuwapangira matumbo a microflora, poletsa zinthu zoyipa,
zimakhudzanso kagayidwe ka lipid, kuphwanya komwe kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
adsorb bile acid,
amathandizira kuti muchepetse poyizoni wazinthu zofunika kwambiri za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Ndi osakwanira okhathamira chakudya mu chakudya, kuchuluka kwa mtima matenda, kupweteka kwa mawonekedwe a rectum. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse pazakudya zamafuta ndi 20-25 g.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 2014-11-18, Werengani: 3947 | Kuphwanya Copyright

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Zakudya zomanga thupi zovuta kuchepetsa thupi ndipo ndi zakudya ziti zomwe sizimamwa thupi?

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi gawo lalikulu la zakudya. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimapatsa kuposa theka la zopatsa za tsiku ndi tsiku zofunika kuti thupi laumunthu likhale ndi moyo wathanzi.

Ndi mphamvu yamafuta, michere yambiri imafanana ndi mapuloteni. Kugawa chakudya mu chakudya kuyenera kuchitika polingalirana ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta. Ndizolakwika zazakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala pansi, omwe amayamba mu depot yamafuta (pamimba, ntchafu).

- chakudya chamagulu amathandiza kwambiri mu kagayidwe ndi mphamvu m'misempha yonse yam'magazi, kuphatikiza ubongo.

- Zakudya zonse zomanga thupi zimatuluka moyenera chifukwa cha chakudya, chifukwa cha photosynthesis yochokera kumadzi ndi kaboni dayokisi.

- chakudya chimagwira ntchito yofunikira ya "lubricant" zinthu ndipo chimagwira ngati sing'anga m'matumba owongoka.

- chakudya chamagulu azachilengedwe - Vitamini C, heparin, Vitamini B15, omwe amaletsa magazi kuwundana.

chakudya ndi gawo la ma immunoglobulin ambiri, ma cell omwe amayang'anira dziko lathu chitetezo chathu - chitetezo chokwanira.

Gulu laopatsa mafuta umagawika m'magulu awiri: zosavuta komanso zovuta.

Ma hydrocarbons osavuta (ma mono ndi ma disaccharides)

Monosaccharide wodziwika bwino m'chilengedwe ndi shuga Imapezeka mu zipatso zonse komanso masamba ena. Glucose ndi gawo lofunikira la magazi a munthu, kuchepa kwake kapena kusakwanira kwake kungapangitse zikhalidwe zopweteka za thupi lonse.

Pangani zili mwaulere mawonekedwe a uchi ndi zipatso.

Ma hydrocarbons ovuta (ma polysaccharides)

Zophatikiza zamagalimoto zovuta ndizovuta zovuta za macromolecular. Amagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: zogwirizana komanso zopatsa thanzi.

Cellulose (CHIKWANGWANI) ndiye gawo lalikulu la minofu ya mbewu.

- Imayilowetsedwa m'matumbo amunthu. Katunduyu ndi wamtengo wapatali, mapadi amathandizira kuyenda kwamatumbo, komanso kuwongolera ntchito yake.

- Mothandizidwa ndi cellulose, zotsalira zonse zopanda chakudya zimachotsedwa m'mimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya panthawi yake, kupewa njira zopopera m'matumbo kuti zisachitike.

- Timathokoza pankhani iyi ya cellulose, m'mimba mwa mabacteria athanzi mumasungidwa bwino.

- Pali cholondola cha mavitamini, mapuloteni, kuyamwa kwa mchere.

Cellulose - chakudya chomwe chimathandizira cholesterol m'magazi, chimasintha mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima.

- Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zokhala ndi fiber zambiri, ndiye kupewa matenda monga kudzimbidwa, appendicitis, hemorrhoids.

Zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri m'thupi komanso kuchepa bwino kwa michere ndi mapadi.

Wokoma - hydrocarbon wachomera. Imakhala 80% yazakudya zonse zoperekedwa ndi chakudya.

- Zili ndi mbatata, chimanga, nthangala, tirigu ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.

- Pasitala, ufa, mbewu monga chimanga, umakhala wolimba thupi litatha kuliphwanya kukhala losavuta. Chifukwa chake, amapereka kukhudzika kwa nthawi yayitali. Pofuna kuchepetsa kunenepa, zakudya zokhazikika zimalimbikitsidwa pang'ono.

- Kwa achinyamata ndi ana, kudya zakudya zamafuta, wowonda makamaka, sayenera kukhala ochepa chifukwa ufa, ukaphatikizidwa ndi yisiti, umapereka thupi lomwe likukula ndi mavitamini a B ochulukirapo kuposa zipatso zina.

Glycogen - chakudya nyama, ndi malo okhala anthu polysaccharide. Amadziunjikira m'chiwindi (mpaka 20%) ndi minofu (mpaka 4%). M'magazi a ana ndi achinyamata, zomwe zimapezeka mu glycogen ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa wamkulu.

-Glycogen ndiyofunikira pakapangidwe ka mamolekyulu ena a mahomoni.

-Glycogen amatenga nawo mbali pantchito yopanga yolumikizira mafupa amunthu.

Popewa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka muzakudya sayenera kuletsedwa. Sankhani bwino chakudya.

Kodi zakudya zamafuta zimachepa bwanji?

- Zakudya zamagalimoto zovuta monga wowuma ndi mapadi zimamveketsa kukhudzika kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukwaniritsa thupi ndi michere yamavitamini ndi mavitamini omwe ali ndi iwo.

—Mwa kuwonjezera motility, CHIKWANGWANI chimayang'anira kapangidwe ka michere ya m'mimba (madzi a m'mimba, bile), omwe amathandizira kuwonongeka koyenera kwamafuta ndikulepheretsa mawonekedwe awo munyini.

- Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito buledi wa mkate, rye, chinangwa. Kukhala kothandiza kusintha chizolowezi chodyera chakudya cham'mawa ndi masangweji ndi batala ndi soseji ndimbewu zamphesa m'madzi. White mpunga m'malo ndi mdima. Buckwheat alidi mpala wamatsenga, chakudya chamafuta sichimathandizira kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kudziunjikira kwakepi, pomwe kumakulitsa thupi ndi chitsulo ndi mavitamini.

—Uchi, zipatso zatsopano ndi zipatso zouma zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere ndizofunikira.

- Simatha kukonzekera masiku anjala a thupi lanu. Pambuyo pazodabwitsazi, amasunga chakudya chamafuta m'matumbo - m'milo yamafuta.

- Zolimbitsa thupi zosavuta pang'onopang'ono ngati kutikita minofu komanso kutsekemera m'malo opaka mafuta kumathandiza kupewa cellulite, amalola minofu yolumikizana kuti isakhale "peels orange".

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu komanso zosagaya chakudya

Pankhani ya phindu lathanzi, zakudya zimagawika m'magawo awiri komanso osagaya chakudya. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi - mono- ndi oligosaccharides, wowuma, glycogen. Zosagwira m'mimba - cellulose, hemicelluloses, inulin, pectin, chingamu, ntchofu.

Mukalowa m'mimba m'mimba chakudya (kupatula ma monosaccharides) imaphwanyidwa, kuyamwa, kenako kutaya mwachindunji (mwanjira ya glucose), kapena kusinthidwa kukhala mafuta, kapena kusungidwa kosungirako kwakanthawi (mwanjira ya glycogen). Kudzikundikira kwamafuta kumanenedweratu makamaka ndi shuga wambiri wosavuta m'zakudya ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.

Kagayidwe ka chakudya m'thupi la munthu limakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi.

Cleavage m'mimba thirakiti la polysaccharides ndi zotulutsira madzi akubwera ndi chakudya - kwa monosaccharides. Mafuta a monosaccharides kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi.
Kuphatikizika ndi kuwonongeka kwa glycogen mu minofu, makamaka m'chiwindi.
Chimbudzi cha anaerobic cha glucose - glycolysis, chotsogolera pakupanga kwa pyruvate.
Aerobic pyruvate metabolism (kupuma).
Njira zachiwiri zamatenda a glucose catabolism (pentose phosphate njira, ndi zina).
Kuzungulira kwa ma hexoses.
Gluconeogenesis, kapena kapangidwe ka chakudya kuchokera ku zinthu zopanda mafuta. Zogulitsa zoterezi,, zoyambirira zonse, ndizopeka ndi ma lactic acid, glycerin, amino acid ndi mitundu ina yambiri.

Glucose ndiyo njira yayikulu yomwe chakudya chamagulu amadzipezeka m'magazi, kupatsa mphamvu ya thupi mphamvu. Glucose wabwinobwino ndi 80-100 mg / 100 ml. Shuga owonjezera amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, yomwe imamwa monga gwero la glucose ngati mafuta ochepa ochokera ku chakudya. Njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito a shuga zimachepetsedwa ngati kapamba satulutsa timadzi tokwanira - insulin. Mwazi wamagazi umakwera mpaka 200-400 mg / 100 ml, impso sizisunganso kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa shuga, ndipo shuga amawonekera mkodzo. Pali matenda oopsa - matenda ashuga. Monosaccharides ndi ma disaccharides, makamaka sucrose, amachititsa kuthamanga kwamagazi a shuga. Pa villi yam'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku sucrose ndi zina zotulutsa, zotsalira za shuga zimamasulidwa, zomwe zimalowa mwachangu m'magazi.

Mukamadya fructose, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka kwambiri. Fructose imachedwa kwambiri ndi chiwindi, ndipo ikalowa m'magazi, nthawi zambiri imalowa mu metabolism. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa fructose sikutanthauza insulin, chifukwa chake imatha kudyedwa ndi odwala matenda a shuga. Kupanga pang'ono pang'ono kuposa glucose ndi sucrose kumapangitsa dzino kuwola. Kuthekera kwakukulu kokunyetsa kwa fructose poyerekeza ndi shuga wina kumathandizidwanso ndikuti fructose imakoma kwambiri.

Free galactose monosaccharide sichipezeka muzakudya. Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mkaka.

Lactose disaccharide imapezeka kokha mumkaka ndi mkaka (tchizi, kefir, etc.), pafupifupi 1/3 ya nkhani youma. Ma hydrolysis a lactose m'matumbo samachedwa, chifukwa chake amakhala ochepa

yambitsani ntchito yamatumbo,
kusokoneza mayamwidwe a cholesterol,
ligwire ntchito bwino pakuwapangira matumbo a microflora, poletsa zinthu zoyipa,
zimakhudzanso kagayidwe ka lipid, kuphwanya komwe kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
adsorb bile acid,
amathandizira kuti muchepetse poyizoni wazinthu zofunika kwambiri za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Ndi osakwanira okhathamira chakudya mu chakudya, kuchuluka kwa mtima matenda, kupweteka kwa mawonekedwe a rectum. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse pazakudya zamafuta ndi 20-25 g.

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Zopatsa mphamvu ndi Pectin

Zakudya zamafuta osavutaKodi organic mankhwala opangidwa ndi kaboni, hydrogen ndi oxygen.

Amapangidwa chifukwa cha photosynthesis mu masamba obiriwira azomera kuchokera ku CO2 yamlengalenga, chinyezi cha nthaka komanso mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa.

Amapezeka m'magulu azomera (pafupifupi 90%) komanso osankhidwa - a chinyama (2%). Chinsinsi cha kufunika kwake ndi 275 - 602 g gwero lalikulu lamphamvu. (1g - 4 kcal kapena 16.7 KJ).

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimagawika m'magulu atatu:

1. Monosaccharides - shuga wosavuta, wopangidwa ndi mamolekyu 1 a shuga, fructose, galactose. . Mwa mawonekedwe oyera ndi zinthu zoyera zamakristali, zosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta ndi yisiti.

Glucose (shuga wa mphesa) - Mu zipatso, zipatso, masamba, uchi. Imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, kumakidwa bwino ndi thupi la munthu.

Fructose (shuga) - zipatso, uchi, zobiriwira zamitundu. Sungunuka bwino m'madzi. Zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri. Kutengeka mosavuta ndi thupi. Zyakonth.

2. Ma polysaccharides a dongosolo loyamba - С12Н229911 (disaccharides). Zinthu zoyera za kristalo, zimasungunuka m'madzi. Mosavuta hydrolyzed. Atatentha kutentha kwa 160 ... 190 0С, mashupi amoto, kupatula madzi ndikupanga caramel - chinthu chakuda chomwe chimakoma zowawa. Njirayi imalongosola maonekedwe a kutumphuka wagolide panthawi yokazinga ndi kuphika zakudya.

Suprose (beet kapena nzimbe) - mu zipatso, mavwende, vwende, shuga - mchenga (99.75%), shuga - shuga woyengedwa (99.9%). Pa hydrolysis yake, shuga ndi fructose amapangidwa. Msanganizo wofanana ndi shugawu umatchedwa shuga wa invert ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani a confectionery monga anti-crystallizer.

Maltose (Malt Shuga) - mumtundu wake waulere ndizosowa, koma zochuluka mwa malal. Kupezeka ndi hydrolysis wa wowuma. Madzi ophatikizidwa m'mamolekyulu awiri a shuga. Sungunuka bwino m'madzi.

Lactose (shuga mkaka) - ndi gawo la mkaka. Hydrolyzed kuti apange shuga ndi galactose. Lactic bacteria wakupatsa lactose mu lactic acid. Lactose ndiye shuga wotsekemera kwambiri.

3. Ma polysaccharides oyambira lachiwiri ndi chakudya chamagulu - -

Wokoma - ndi unyolo wa mamolekyulu a shuga. Muli ufa, buledi, mbatata, phala. Osalowa m'madzi ozizira. Akatentha, amapanga njira zothetsera colloidal.

Carbohydrate kagayidwe

Mukamawiritsa ndi ma asidi, wowuma amaphatikizidwa ndi glucose. Mothandizidwa ndi enylme ya amylase - maltose. Ma hydrolysis a wowuma amatengera kapangidwe ka ma molass ndi glucose. Amayala ndi ayodini mu buluu. Zomera zosiyanasiyana, mbewu zouma zimakhala ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake.

CHIKWANGWANI (cellulose) - ndi gawo la maselo a chomera (mu mbewu - mpaka 2,5%, mu zipatso - mpaka 2.0%). CHIKWANGWANI sichimakhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, sichingamizidwa ndi madzi, sichimakamizidwa ndi thupi, koma chimakulitsa matumbo, chimachotsa cholesterol mthupi ndipo chimalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Zinthu za Pectin Ndi zotumphukira zama carbohydrate (pectin, protopectin, pectic ndi pectic acid).

Pectin - yomwe ili mu khungu la zipatso munjira ya colloidal solution. Pamaso pa shuga ndi asidi, pectin amapanga ma jellies. Kutha kwakukulu kwa gelling kumasiyanitsidwa ndi maapulo, gooseberries, currants zakuda, sitiroberi.

Protopectin - yomwe ili ndi zipatso zosapsa ndipo imapangidwa ndi pectin wokhala ndi fiber. Pamene zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimacha, protopectin imapukusidwa ndi ma enzyme kuti asungunuke pectin. Kulumikizana pakati pa maselo a chomera kumafooka, zipatso zimakhala zofewa.

Pectic ndi pectic acid - zomwe zimakhala zosapsa zipatso, ndikuwonjezera kukoma kwawo wowawasa.

Sipanga ma jellies omwe ali ndi shuga ndi ma acid.