Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Choyamba muyenera kusankha - kodi muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu? Mwina inu panokha simukuchifuna, koma adotolo opezekawo ndiofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, njira ya chithandizo imasintha kwambiri kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

DIABETES DIABETES (Latin: shuga mellitus) - Ichi ndi matenda a hyperglycemia, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandizira wina ndi mnzake. Hyperglycemia (shuga yokwezeka yamwazi) imayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin, kapena zinthu zina zotsutsana ndi ntchito yake. Matendawa amadziwika ndi zovuta komanso kuphwanya mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe: chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, mchere komanso mchere wamchere.

Mtundu wodwala matenda a shuga ochedwa insulin umayambitsidwa ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka zinthu zinazake zanyengo ndipo, mwa zina, chifukwa cha kuchuluka, mwachitsanzo, mwa ana, amapezeka zaka 10-12. Amayamba kukhala mwa anthu omwe sangathe kutulutsa insulin ndi maselo apadera a pancreatic b. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umachitika uchinyamata - ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a Type I sizinafotokozedwe bwino, koma pali kulumikizana kwathunthu ndi vuto la chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimawonetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa magazi a ma antibodies (otchedwa "autoantibodies" opangidwa motsutsana ndi maselo ndi matupi amthupi a wodwala omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic b.

Type 1 matenda a shuga a mellitus (T1DM) amatenga 10% ya matenda onse a shuga. Apa, wowerenga wokondedwa, ndimafunsa chidwi - 10% yokha. Zotsalazo ndi mitundu ndi mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo matenda ena omwe mulingo wa glycemia umakwezedwa. Nthawi zina kuzindikiritsa sikulakwa, kawirikawiri, koma kumachitika.

Kuti mutsimikizire njira ya autoimmune, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu 1, kuwonjezera pa kudziwa ma autoantibodies omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha matenda 1 a shuga, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa CD4 + CD25 + hlgh T-lymphocyte ndi magwiridwe antchito awo (mawu a FOXP3).

Chimodzi mwazosiyanasiyana zamasiku a autoimmune shuga mellitus ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune mu akulu - 'latent autoimmune shuga mu akulu' (LADA) Zimmet PZ, 1995. Amadziwika ndi chithunzi cha chipatala chomwe sichimakhala cha T1DM yapamwamba, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa autoantibodies, chiwonongeko cha autoimmune chimayamba pang'onopang'ono, chomwe sichiri nthawi yomweyo kumabweretsa chitukuko cha insulin zofunika. Kafukufuku wa Epidemiological awonetsa kuti LADA imapezeka 212% yamatenda onse a shuga. Borg N., Gottsäter A. 2002.

Mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga umakhala pakati pa T1DM ndi T2DM ndipo m'magawo omaliza sanapatsidwe gawo logawanika. Monga CD1 ya classical, LADA imalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kulekerera kwachangu kwa ma antigen ake ndipo amadziwika ndi chiwonongeko chosankha cha ß cell of pancreatic islets by lymphocyte CD8 + (cytotoxic) ndi CD4 + (activor).

Chiwopsezo chodziwika, makamaka tikalandila matenda a shuga a II, ndi chibadwa. Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo adwala, ndiye kuti kuthekera kwa kulandira matenda ashuga 1 ndi 10%, ndipo mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga ndi 80%. Mu 1974, a J. Nerup et al. A. G. Gudworth ndi J. C. Woodrow adapeza gulu la B-locus la histocompatability leukocyte antigen okhala ndi mtundu I shuga mellitus - wodalira insulini (IDDM) ndi kusowa kwake kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu II wosadalira insulin.

Zotsatira za phunziroli zidawonetsa mtundu wa heterogeneity (heterogeneity) wa matenda a shuga komanso chisonyezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu I. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, mwa kupenda mwachilengedwe, mutha kukhazikitsa tsogolo la matenda ashuga ndipo ngati kuli kotheka muthane ndi chitukuko.

Pambuyo pake, mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana idadziwika, yomwe imakhala yofala kwambiri pamtundu wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuposa anthu ena onse. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa B8 ndi B15 mu genome munthawi yomweyo kunawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa pafupifupi nthawi 10. Kupezeka kwa chikhomo cha Dw3 / DRw4 kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa ndi 9,4. Pafupifupi 1.5% yamilandu ya matenda a shuga imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa A3243G masinthidwe a MT-TL1 mitochondrial gene. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, mtundu wa heterogeneity umawonedwa, ndiye kuti, matendawa amatha chifukwa cha magulu osiyanasiyana amitundu.

Chizindikiro chowerengetsera ma labotale, chomwe chimalola kudziwa mtundu wa shuga wa I, ndiko kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies kumapeto kwa cells-cell m'magazi. Mtundu wa cholowa pakadali pano sunadziwike bwinobwino, kuvuta kulosera zam'magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi genetic heterogeneity ya matenda a shuga mellitus, ndipo kupanga mtundu wokwanira cholowa kumafunikira zowerengera zowerengera ndi ma genetic.

Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse kukula kwa shuga ndi chibadwa chamunthu?

1. Kusiyidwa katemera wachiwiri kwa anthu olemedwa choloŵa mu mzere wa matenda a shuga. Funso ndilovuta komanso limadzetsa mpungwepungwe, koma, mwatsoka, zochitika zambiri za chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wa I nditangopereka katemera zimalembedwa chaka chilichonse.
2. Kuteteza kokwanira ku matenda a herpesvirus (mu kindergarten, sukulu). Herpes (Herpes wachi Greek - zokwawa). Gululi lalikulu limaphatikizapo: aphthous stomatitis (ma herpes simplex ma virus a mtundu 1 kapena 2), pox ya chifuwa (virus ya Zoster virus varicella), matenda mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), mononucleosis-like syndrome (cytomegalovirus). Matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala asymptomatic, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala atypical.
3. Kupewa matumbo dysbiosis ndi kupezeka kwa enzymeopathy.
4. Chitetezo chochuluka kupatula kupsinjika - awa ndi anthu apadera, kupsinjika kumatha kuyambitsa chiwonetsero!

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu I omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa kwa iwo ndi matenda a virus omwe amachititsa kuti autoimmune reaction.

Etiology yopatsirana (chifukwa). Pakadwala kachilombo, nthawi zambiri gulu la ma herpes (rubella, chikuku, GVI, E. Barr, CMV), limatengera matenda ena. Zimatha kuchitika posachedwa (zobisika) kwa nthawi yayitali.

Amakhulupirira kuti ma virus a nthomba, Coxsackie B, adenovirus ali ndi tropism (yolumikizana) ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kapamba. Kuwonongeka kwa zilumba pambuyo poti kachilombo kachilombo kakatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwachilendo mu kapamba mu mawonekedwe a "insulitis", omwe akuwonetsedwa ndikulowerera ndi ma lymphocyte ndi maselo a plasma. "Shuga" ya shuga ikagwera m'magazi, zimayendera ma autoantibodies kupita kumisempha ya islet imapezeka. Monga lamulo, patatha zaka 1-3, ma antibodies amatha.

Mwa anthu, maubwenzi omwe amaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga ndi ma virus a mumps, Coxsackie B, rubella, ndi cytomegalovirus. Chibale chomwe chimakhala pakati pa mamps ndi matenda ashuga ndidadziwika mu 1864. Kafukufuku wambiri omwe adachitika pambuyo pake adatsimikizira ubale uwu. Pambuyo pa ma mumps osinthidwa, nyengo ya zaka 3-4 imawonedwa, pambuyo pake matenda a shuga I. amadziwonetsa okha (K. Helmke et al., 1980).

Congenital rubella imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwotsatira kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu I (Banatvala J. E. et al., 1985). Zikatero, matenda ashuga amellitus Woyamba ndimatenda ambiri, koma matenda a chithokomiro a autoimmune ndi matenda a Addison nawonso amayamba nawo (a Rayfield E. J. et al., 1987).

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) imagwirizana pang'ono ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu I (Lenmark A. et al., 1991). Komabe, CMV idapezeka m'masampasi a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus I mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a cytomegalovirus komanso mwa ana 20 mwa 45 omwe anamwalira atabalalitsa matenda a CMV (Jenson A. B. et al., 1980). Mitundu ya CMV ya Genomic inapezeka mu ma lymphocyte mu 15% ya odwala omwe angodwala kumene omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a I (Pak C. et al., 1988).

Ntchito yatsopano yomwe asayansi aku Norway akuwona pa matenda a shuga 1 adalemba idatulutsa matenda a shuga. Olembawo adatha kudziwa mapuloteni oyambitsa ndi virovirus RNA mu minofu ya pancreatic yomwe idapezeka mwa odwala omwe adapezeka ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizidwa kwa matendawa ndikukula kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa mosatsimikiza.

Kupezeka kwa enterovirus 1 capsid protein (kapididi protein 1 (VP1)) komanso kuchuluka kwa ma antigen of the main histocompatibility tata system m'maselo kunatsimikiziridwa kuti immunohistochemically. Enterovirus RNA idasiyanitsidwa ndi zitsanzo zachilengedwe ndi PCR ndikutsata. Zotsatirazo zimathandizira malingaliro omwe amatsitsa m'matumbo omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a enterovirus amathandizira kuti pakhale shuga wa mtundu woyamba.

Heredity ndi genetics - Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amabadwa. Ndi majini omwe amatenga gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa matendawa.

1. Chibadwa ndi mtundu 1 shuga. Mothandizidwa ndi majini, chitetezo chamunthu chimayamba kuwononga maselo a beta. Pambuyo pake, amalephera kwathunthu kutulutsa insulin ya mahomoni. Madokotala adatha kudziwa kuti ndi ma antigen amatani omwe amayambira matenda ashuga. Ndi kuphatikiza kwina mwa maantianti omwe amabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa. Pankhaniyi, pakhoza kukhalanso njira zina zotsutsana ndi chitetezo mthupi la munthu, mwachitsanzo, poyizoni wakupha kapena nyamakazi. Ngati mukupezeka kukhalapo kwa matenda ngati amenewa, mutha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga posachedwa.
2. Chibadwa komanso mtundu 2 shuga. Matenda amtunduwu amapatsirana kudzera munjira yakutengera kwa makolo athu. Pankhaniyi, insulin yamadzi sichitha m'thupi, komabe, imayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina thupi palokha silingadziwe insulini ndikuletsa shuga m'magazi.

Taphunzira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi majini. Komabe, ngakhale mutakhala kuti munabadwa kale, simungathe kudwala matenda ashuga. Onani zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtundu 1:

Matenda a shuga kunyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za kudumphira shuga komanso kumwa insulin. O, momwe ine ndimavutikira, kukomoka kosalekeza, kuyimba mwadzidzidzi. Kodi ndapita kangati kwa endocrinologists, koma amangonena chinthu chimodzi - "Tengani insulin." Ndipo tsopano masabata 5 apita, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, osati jakisoni imodzi ya insulin ndipo chifukwa chonse cha nkhaniyi. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerenga!

• Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus. Itha kukhala rubella, mumps, enterovirus ndi Coxsackie.
• Mpikisano waku Europe. Akatswiri adazindikira kuti anthu aku Asia, akuda ndi Hispanics ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotenga matenda a shuga. Mwakutero, mpikisano wa ku Europe ndiwotheka kutenga matendawa.
• Mbiri yabanja. Ngati achibale anali ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chachikulu choti chitha kukupatsirani.

Tsopano lingalirani zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, omwe akuwonetsetsa kuti matenda amtundu wa 2 ayambe. Pali zambiri, koma kukhalapo kwa ambiri sikumatsimikizira kuwonekera kwa shuga.

• Matenda a mtima. Izi zimaphatikizapo stroke, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso matenda oopsa.
• Mkulu wokalambaa. Nthawi zambiri amaganizira zaka 50-60.
• Kupsinjika pafupipafupi ndi kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enac. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala mahomoni a steroid ndi thiazide diuretics.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Zochitika zolimbitsa thupi mwa anthu.
• Impso kapena matenda a chiwindi.
• Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Akatswiri amati izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Izi sizichitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa minofu yayikulu ya adipose imalepheretsa kuphatikizidwa bwino kwa insulin.
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa atherosulinosis.

Tikadziwa zoyambitsa zazikulu za matenda ashuga, titha kuyamba kuthetsa zinthuzi. Kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la thupi kungalepheretse matenda ashuga.

Matenda a Beta Cell ndi Kuwonongeka

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amawononga ma cell a beta. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kapamba ndi khansa, kapamba amavutika kwambiri. Nthawi zina mavuto angayambitse matenda a endocrine gland. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ku chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso tiziwongola timene timatulutsa. Mphamvu ya matenda pakawonetsedwe ka matenda ashuga si mwangozi. Kupatula apo, mahomoni onse m'thupi amagwirizana kwambiri. Ndipo matenda amtundu umodzi angayambitse matenda ashuga.

Chisamaliro chachikulu chikuyenera kulipidwa ku thanzi la pancreatic. Nthawi zambiri imawonongedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. Ma diuretics, psychotropic mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudzanso vutoli. Mosamala, glucocorticoids ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi estrogen amayenera kumwa.

Madokotala ati akapanga mahomoni ambiri, matenda ashuga amatha kuchitika mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, mahomoni a thyrotooticosis amaphwanya kulolera kwa glucose. Ndipo iyi ndi njira yolunjika kumayambiriro a matenda ashuga.

Horate yotchedwa catecholamine imachepetsa mphamvu yamphamvu yokhudza thupi ku insulin. Pakapita nthawi, izi zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga ayambe. Hormone ya aldosterone imachulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana achikazi kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, msungwanayo amayamba kukula, ndikuwonetsa mafuta. Zimatithandizanso kukulitsa matendawa.

Mahomoni siomwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga. Nayi matenda angapo omwe amawononga ma cell a beta ndikuwatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa.

• Madokotala amalabadira kwambiri kapamba. Matendawa amawononga ma cell a beta. Pambuyo pake, kukula kwa matendawa m'thupi kumayamba insulin. Ngati kutupa sikumachotsedwa, pakapita nthawi zimachepetsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'thupi.
• Kuvulala kumachititsanso matenda ashuga. Ndi zowonongeka zilizonse mthupi, kutupa kumayamba. Maselo onse otupa amayambitsidwa ndi ena athanzi. Pakadali pano, katemera wa insulin amachepetsa kwambiri.
• Khansa yapakhungu tsopano yayamba kukhala matenda osokoneza bongo 2. Zikatere, maselo odwala nawonso amasintha kukhala abwino, ndipo insulini imatsika.
• Matenda a Gallbladder amakhudza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muzikhala ndi chidwi ndi cholecystitis. Izi sizongochita mwangozi, chifukwa cha kapamba ndi chimbulu cha bile pali malo amodzi m'matumbo. Ngati kutupa kumayambira mu bile, kumatha kupita pancreas. Kuchita kotereku kumabweretsa chiyambi cha matenda ashuga.
• Matenda a chiwindi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Ngati maselo a chiwindi sangachite bwino chakudya, ndiye kuti insulini m'magazi iyamba kuchuluka. Popita nthawi, mlingo waukulu wa insulini umachepetsa chidwi cha maselo mu timadzi timeneti.

Monga momwe mudazindikira, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndimatenda a kapamba ndi chiwindi. Popeza ntchito za ziwalozi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi, ndikofunikira kuzichitira mosamala ndikuwachitira pa nthawi yake.

Kodi mavairasi amakhudza bwanji matenda ashuga?

Asayansi adatha kuwona kulumikizana kofunikira kwa matenda ashuga ndi matenda a virus. Chisamaliro chachikulu chinalipiridwa ku kachilombo ka Coxsackie. Zitha kuyambitsa maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Mwana aliyense amatenga kachilomboka asanayambe kudwala matenda ashuga. Ngati matenda a Coxsackie sanachotsedwe pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi adzatsogolera kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo kamayambitsa matenda amtundu 1.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi ma virus owopsa, omwe ndi monga:

Kupsinjika kwa mantha

Madotolo adatha kutsimikizira kuti ndizovuta zam'mimba zomwe zidapangitsa kuti odwala ayambe kudwala matenda ashuga. Ganizirani zotsatira za kupsinjika:

1. Pakakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu, thupi limachepetsa kutulutsa insulin.Nthawi yomweyo, zochita za ziwalo za m'mimba thirakiti zimayima kwakanthawi.
2. Kukhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri kumafooketsa chitetezo chathupi chonse. Pakadali pano, thupi limatha kugwira matenda aliwonse. Pambuyo pake, ndizovuta izi zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga.
3. Mavuto amtundu wam'mimba amakhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose. Kupsinjika kumasokoneza kwambiri kagayidwe ka thupi. Pakadali pano, insulin imatsika ndipo masitolo onse a glycogen m'thupi amasintha kukhala shuga.
4. Panthawi yovuta, mphamvu zonse za munthu zimalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Pakadali pano, chidwi cha thupi pakupanga insulin chimatsika kwambiri.
5. Kupsinjika kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa hormone cortisol m'thupi. Nthawi yomweyo imayambitsa kumva njala. Izi zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi mafuta m'thupi omwe ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga.

Ganizirani zizindikiro zazikulu za kupsinjika kwamanjenje:

• Mutu wapafupipafupi.
• Zovuta zosawerengeka konse.
• Kutopa kwakukulu.
• Nthawi zambiri kudziimba mlandu komanso kudzitsutsa.
• Kunenepa kumasinthasintha.
• Kusowa tulo

Nazi zoyenera kuchita mukapanikizika kuti musayambitse matenda ashuga:

1. Osamadya shuga panthawi yopuma.
2. Tsatirani zakudya zopepuka. Ndikwabwino kukhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala.
3. Chongani magazi kuti mupeze shuga.
4. Yesetsani kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa komanso khazikani mtima pansi.
5. Mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kupuma kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse mantha.
6. Chotsani zolemetsa zonse zomwe zidapezeka pakapanikizika.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti kupsinjika ndi kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ndizofunikira zoyambitsa matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhazikika nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa magwero a nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa. Musaiwale kupita kwa dokotala pakadali pano ndikusintha magazi anu.

M'badwo wa munthu

Madotolo adazindikira kuti matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amapezeka nthawi zambiri mpaka zaka 30. Matenda a mtundu wachiwiri amadziwonetsa ali ndi zaka 40-60. Kwa mtundu wachiwiri, izi sizongochitika mwangozi, chifukwa thupi pakukalamba limayamba kufooka, matenda ambiri amayamba kuonekera. Amatha kupangitsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Mwa ana, matenda amtundu 1 amawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga m'mwana:

1. Khalidweli.
2. Mwana nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a virus.
3. Kulemera kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mwana pobadwa kunaposa ma kilogalamu 4.5.
4. Matenda a metabolism. Izi zimaphatikizapo hypothyroidism ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
5. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa mwana.

Mfundo zina zofunika

• Pankhani ya matenda opatsirana, achinyamata ndi ana amatenga matenda ashuga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chitetezo cha mwana ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kulandira chithandizo cha matendawa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi ndikuwona shuga.
• Ngati mumakonda kudwala matenda ashuga, yang'anirani bwino ziwonetsero zazikulu zamatenda ndi momwe thupi limayambira. Ngati mukumva ludzu pafupipafupi, mwasokoneza tulo ndikukhala ndi chilimbikitso, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe mayeso nthawi yomweyo.
• Pankhani yakubadwa kwa cholowa, yesani kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zakudya. Mutha kulumikizana ndi katswiri yemwe angakupatseni zakudya zapadera. Ngati zitsatiridwa, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikucheperachepera.
• Wodwala akadziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, nthawi zonse amatha kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuletsa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu komanso kuyendera dokotala pafupipafupi.

Tsopano mukudziwa zoyambitsa zazikulu za matenda ashuga. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu, kupewa matenda amitsempha ndikuthandizira ma virus nthawi, ndiye kuti ngakhale wodwala amene ali ndi lingaliro lakelo la shuga angapewe matendawa.

Ndili ndi zaka 47, ndinapezeka kuti ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2. M'masabata angapo ndinapeza pafupifupi 15 kg. Kutopa nthawi zonse, kugona, kumva kufooka, kuwona kunayamba kukhala pansi.

Nditakwanitsa zaka 55, ndinali nditadzibaya kale ndi insulin, zonse zinali zoipa kwambiri. Matendawa adapitilirabe, kukomoka kwakanthawi kunayamba, ambulansi imandibwezera kuchokera kudziko lina. Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti nthawi ino ikhala yomaliza.

Chilichonse chinasintha mwana wanga wamkazi atandilola kuti ndiwerenge nkhani imodzi pa intaneti. Simungayerekeze m'mene ndimamuyamikirira. Nkhaniyi inandithandiza kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amati ndi osachiritsika. Zaka 2 zapitazi ndidayamba kusuntha kwambiri, nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe ndimapita kumayiko tsiku lililonse, ndikumalima tomato ndikugulitsa pamsika. Azakhali anga amadabwa ndimomwe ndimapangira chilichonse, komwe ndimapeza mphamvu zambiri, sakhulupirira kuti ndili ndi zaka 66.

Ndani akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wamphamvu komanso kuiwalako za matenda oyipawa kwamuyaya, tengani mphindi 5 ndikuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Zambiri pazakufufuza kwamtundu wa matenda ashuga

Asanapange kafukufuku, Ronald Kahn ndi anzawo adanenanso kuti zochita za autoimmune mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi mitundu yina ya tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mapuloteni omwe amafanana ndi insulin m'moyo wawo wonse.

Pambuyo pake, gulu la asayansi linayamba kusanthula zasayansi za mtundu wake waukulu wa genomes, wopangidwa ndi ma virus sampuli masauzande angapo. Ntchito yayikulu pachigawo choyamba inali kufufuza mitundu yomwe imafanana ndi DNA ya munthu. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika, anasankha ma virus 16, momwe gawo lina la genome linali lofanana ndi zidutswa za ma DNA aanthu. Ndipo zitatha izi, mwa 16, 4 adasankhidwa, omwe anali ndi puloteni komanso anali ofanana ndi insulin.

Zitatha izi, chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma virus onse anayiwa adatha kuyambitsa matenda okha mu nsomba ndipo sizidakhudze anthu mwanjira iliyonse. Akatswiri adaganiza zofufuza ngati ntchito zawo zofunika, zikalowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu, pamapeto pake zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Kupatula apo, ma peptides awo amathanso kukhudza munthu chimodzimodzi ndi insulin.

Mu vitro, momwe vutoli limayendera maselo aumunthu anayesedwa. Kungoganiza koyambirira kunatsimikiziridwa, kenako kuyesako kunabwerezedwa pa mbewa, pambuyo pake kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi awo kumatsika ngati kuti adalowetsedwa ndi insulin yokhazikika.

Mutu wa pulojekiti yasayansi amangofotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 chifukwa cha ma virus. Malinga ndi iye, matenda atalowa mthupi la munthu, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kulimbana ndikupanga ma antibodies kuti awononge chidwi cha virus. Koma popeza ma protein ena a virus ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi insulin, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa cholakwika chamoyo momwe chitetezo chidzaukire m'magazi ake kuphatikiza ndi ma virus, omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa insulin.

Asayansi amatsimikizira chidziwitso chakuti anthu nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zochitika zofananira, koma ambiri amakhala ndi mwayi komanso chitetezo cha mthupi sichilakwitsa. Zovuta zakukumana ndi ma virus ofananawo zitha kuwonekanso pazinthu zazing'ono zomwe zili m'matumbo.