Matenda A shuga Olipidwa

Matenda opatsirana a shuga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odziyimira okha. Pankhaniyi, matendawa amapezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha miyezi yochepa kapena zaka.

Popanga njira ya pathological, nthawi zonse pamakhala mipata yokhala ndi thupi labwinobwino lomwe limatha kulipira zakuphwanya. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ake osungirako, ndipo chifukwa cha kufooka kwa machitidwe onse owongolera, matendawo amatenga pang'onopang'ono.

Kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a shuga, cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri cha kuphatikiza kwa mapangidwe a khungu ndikumapangidwa ndi insulin, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Glucose ndi gwero lamphamvu kwa mitundu yonse yamaselo. Ngati pazifukwa zina maselo sangathe kudya mamolekyulu a glucose, ndiye kuti msanga umayamba kukwera m'magazi. Poterepa, thupi limafunikira njira ina yolipira. Kodi kubwezera ndi chiyani?

Kulipiritsa kwa matenda a shuga kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa glucose process process mu main owonjezera mapangidwe a glycogen mu minofu minofu. Komanso, njira za kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zamafuta zimayambitsa, chifukwa chomwe minofu ya adipose imapangidwa.

Ngati cholowa chomvekera bwino chikaposa impso, shuga amawonekera mkodzo, glucosuria amakula. Poterepa, titha kunena zakusintha kwa chipukutuku chachigawo chotsatira cha matendawa.

Type 2 shuga mellitus yatchula magawo a nthawi yake:

Fomu yolipidwa (glucose yachilendo kapena yokwezeka pang'ono)
Fomu yolipidwa (glucosuria ndi kukula kwa angiopathies a gawo loyambirira amadziwika),
Kubwezera - kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayambitsa zovuta zingapo zamagulu ena.

Chofunikira kwambiri pothandizira mankhwalawa matenda a shuga ndi matenda oyamba. Gawo lazachipatala lomwe limapereka chiphuphu mulibe zizindikiro zamankhwala, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mupereke magazi kuti muwonetsetse mayeso a labotale.

Kuzindikira matenda operewera shuga

Njira yayikulu yodziwira matenda ashuga itha kutchedwa mayeso a labotale a shuga. Monga lamulo, maphunziro oterewa amaphatikizidwa akamadutsa mabungwe azachipatala.

Komanso, maphunziro ngati awa atha kuchitika kunyumba. Mankhwala ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya mayeso kapena zida zamagetsi zoyezera shuga.

Pozindikira za labotale, zofunikira zazikulu ndi izi:

Mwazi wamagazi
Shuga wa mkodzo
Mimbulu acetone
Kupezeka kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Mwazi wamagazi m'thupi labwinobwino sapitirira 3.3-5,5 mmol / L. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwewo amachepetsedwa pang'ono ndipo zolembedwa pafupifupi 8 mmol / l zimaloledwa. Mu gawo lolipiridwa, chizindikirocho chikhoza kukhala chabwinobwino kapena osapitirira 8 mmol / L.

Shuga mumkodzo amawonekera pambuyo pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose (zopitilira 14 mmol / l) ndikuwonetsa kukulira kwa njira ya pathological. Kusanthula kwabwino kumawonetsa gawo la matenda.

Maonekedwe a mkodzo wa acetone amachitika pambuyo pa ketoacidosis m'magazi. Ketoacidosis kapena kapangidwe ka matupi a ketone kumachitika pamene njira yogawa mafuta ndi mapangidwe a matupi a ketone ikayambitsidwa.

Ndi ketoacidosis, kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi fungo lochokera mkamwa. Kuchita koteroko kumadziwika ndi gawo la decomproll ndi shuga wambiri.

Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri yopezera matenda ndi kufufuza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi. Ichi ndi chiyani

Glycosylated hemoglobin imapangidwa mwa kuphatikiza hemoglobin ndi molekyu ya glucose. Pulogalamu yotereyi imakhala yosasintha ndipo imangokhala m'magazi moyo wonse wa hemoglobin (masiku 120 mpaka 125).

Chizindikiro ichi chimapangitsa kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa miyezi inayi ndikuwunikira mozama momwe kudumpha kwake kulili.

Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, kuti mupeze gawo la matendawa kapena kusintha chithandizo, magazi amatsogozedwa kuti adziwe glycosylated hemoglobin.

Chiyeso chololera cha glucose chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magawo oyamba a matendawa. Mphamvu ya glucose imatsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika pamlingo wa 75 g pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi.

Mlingo wa shuga umayezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa ola lachiwiri mutatenga yankho. Ngati mulingo wa glucose sioposa 8.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti amayesa mayeso osalimbikitsa.

Miyezo ya 8, 1 mmol / L mpaka 11.2 mmol / L imawonetsa kulekerera kwa glucose. Chifukwa chake, kuyeseza kuloleza kumathandizira kuzindikira matendawa mu gawo loperewera la shuga.

Mtundu wobwezeretsedwako wa shuga uli ndi njira yofatsa ya pathological process. Zosintha kuchokera ku ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe sizikupezeka. Shuga wamagazi amatha kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Nthawi zambiri matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m'mitundu yachiwiri ya anthu ashuga, chifukwa matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pozindikira koyambirira, ndizotheka kusintha kuchuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya choyenera.

Njira yayikulu yakuchiritsira shuga

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mu gawo lawo la ziphuphu ali ndi izi:

Kuchepetsa zonse zopatsa mphamvu zopezeka tsiku ndi tsiku zofanana ndi mphamvu zomwe zatha,
Kuchepetsa zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba zosakanikirana bwino (maswiti, zinthu zophika mkate, zinthu za ufa),
Kupititsa patsogolo phindu lazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku pakuphatikiza zakudya zopatsidwa mavitamini ndi michere,
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri komanso zakudya, chifukwa zimasokoneza mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo,
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zosagawika ndi kuchepa kwa magawo komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya patsiku.

Mankhwala othandizira pakudya amathandizira kukulitsa nthawi yoperekera zakudya kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso kukonza moyo wabwino wa wodwalayo.

Pakadali pano pali zinthu zambiri pamsika zomwe zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala matenda ashuga. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera ndipo samachulukitsa glucose wamagazi.

Chifukwa chake, zosankha za wodwala matenda ashuga sizingafanane konse ndi menyu aanthu wathanzi. Itha kuphatikiza maswiti ndi makeke pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zina zovomerezeka.

Njira zazikulu zamankhwala zomwe zimasankhidwa moyenera ndi izi:

Mtundu wamagulu a glucose kapena kuchepera pang'ono kwa 8-9 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu,
Kuperewera kwa shuga mkodzo
Kuperewera kwa acetone mu mkodzo
Glycosylated hemoglobin sapezeka,
Mukamayesa mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose, kumangoyang'ana kuphwanya lamulo (kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi sikupitirira 13.9 mmol / l),
Zizindikiro zakuchipatala zakunja ndizofatsa (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, kuyabwa kwa khungu, kupuma movutikira).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kumayamba pambuyo pakupezeka shuga wambiri motsutsana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala. Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa matendawa kupita ku gawo lina - gawo logulitsidwa.

Kutalika kwa malipiro kumakhala kofunika kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake kumachepetsa zovuta zopezeka ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, kukula kwa matendawa kumawonekera mwachangu, motero gawo la chiphuphu limadutsa mwachangu kwambiri. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin, ma pathologies ochokera ku ziwalo zambiri amakula.

Gawo lamalipiro likufotokozedwa mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi gawo lofunikira mu njira yake ya pathological. Kusunga zakudya munthawi yake kumachepetsa matendawa ndikukula kwamavuto ake.

Malipiro a matendawa

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi shuga wambiri amakhala ndi shuga wamagazi pafupi ndi masiku onse. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutatsata zakudya, njira ya matenda ashuga komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala. Chakudya cha wodwala aliyense chimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, poganizira zolimbitsa thupi ndi ntchito. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuphimba ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu. Ndikofunikira kudya pang'ono - nthawi 5-6 patsiku, kudya gawo laling'ono nthawi imodzi. Shuga ndi chakudya chamafuta amachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Nthawi zina njirazi sizokwanira kukhathamiritsa shuga. Kenako, kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa glycemia, insulin imaperekedwa kwa wodwala kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi omwe amapatsidwa.

Chinsinsi chakubwezeretsedwa

Matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa amakhala ndi magawo a shuga wamagazi. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, kukonza zakudya ndi kutsatira njira yapadera kumathandiza. Chofunika kwambiri ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Nthawi zina, njirazi sizokwanira kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Magawo a chipepeso

Kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili, pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda amisala. Madokotala amasiyanitsa magawo otsatirawa a kubwezeredwa kwa shuga:

Kukakamizidwa - munthawi imeneyi, ndizotheka kukhalabe ndi magawo a shuga. Chiwopsezo cha zovuta pamenepa ndi chochepa. Kubwezera zam'magazi, mankhwala apiritsi, insulin, kukonza zakudya ndi katundu wazogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zophatikizidwa - zimadziwika ndi gawo lapakati pomwe magawo a glucose ali pakati pa magawo omwe amalipiridwa komanso osinthika. Kuwopsa kwa zotsatira zoyipa kulipo. Koma pakuwoneka kwa zotsatirapo zoipa, zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuposa nthawi yobwezera.
Kuwongolera - limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta.

Zosintha za Ndalama

Kuti chiphuphu cha shuga chikhale bwino, ziyeso zina zimayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi. Njira zothandizira kulipira matenda a shuga zikuphatikiza:

Glucose voliyumu - yotsimikizika m'magazi ndi mkodzo,
Glycated hemoglobin,
Acetone mu mkodzo
Fructosamine
Lipidogram.

Glycated hemoglobin

Hemoglobin amapezeka m'magazi. Izi zimayang'anira ntchito yogawa oxygen m'thupi lonse. Chizindikiro cha chinthuchi ndikutha kugwira molekyulu ya okosijeni ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda mopitilira.

Komabe, hemoglobin imatha kunyamulanso mamolekyu a glucose. Zotsatira zake, hemoglobin ya glycated imapangidwa, yomwe ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndizowonetsa izi zomwe zimatilola kuti tiwerenge kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi.

Chifukwa chake, ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kuti chizindikire kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kuthandizira kwake kwamankhwala. Zimathandizira kudziwa mtundu wa chipepeso cha matendawa.

Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, njira yogwiritsira ntchito immunochemical kapena ion-exchange chromatography imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa kuphunzira koyamba, chizindikiro ichi ndi 4.5-7,5%, pambuyo chachiwiri - 4.5-5.7%.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana amaphatikizidwa ndi gawo la 6-9%. Ngati wapezeka wambiri, izi zikutsimikizira kusayenda bwino kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga.

Lipidogram

Njira yodziwira bwino matenda amtunduwu imathandiza kudziwa zomwe zili zam'magazi m'magazi.

Pochita lipidograms, njira ya colorimetric Photometric imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, perekani magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, muyenera kutsatira izi:

Siyani kusuta mphindi 30 pasanayambe kuphunzira,
Pewani kupsinjika
Osamadya maola 12 kusanachitike.

Chifukwa cha njirayi, ndizotheka kudziwa cholesterol yathunthu, chizindikiro cha atherogenicity, mulingo wa triglycerides, lipids yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kulipira kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga a 2 amadziwika ndi:

Triglycerides - 0-2.25 mmol / L,
Atherogenicity - 2.2-3.5,
Cholesterol - 0-5.2 mmol / L,
Lipoproteins otsika kwambiri - 0,13-1.63 mmol / L,
Lipoproteins otsika kwambiri - 0-3.3 mmol / L,
Lipoproteins wapamwamba kwambiri - 1.03-1.55 mmol / L.

Kubwezeretsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda kumakhala kodziwika ndi mitengo yokwera. Izi zikutsimikizira kuopsa koopsa kwa atherosulinosis, stroke, matenda a impso, kugunda kwamtima.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga

Magawo a glucose amayenera kuwunika mpaka nthawi 5 patsiku. Koma si wodwala aliyense amene angachite mayeso ambiri. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha njirazi ndi nthawi 2 - m'mawa ndi usiku. Kuti mupange kafukufukuyu, gwiritsani ntchito glucometer.

Matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amalipidwa bwino amafunika kuphunzira pamwezi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo ndi 12-15 mmol / l, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, shuga sayenera kukhala mkodzo. Ngati chilipo, kafukufuku wowonjezera amawonetsedwa pazinthu za acetone mu mkodzo.

Kuti mupeze njira zowerengera mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus, zingwe zoyeserera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimasintha mtundu wawo ukakhala ndi mkodzo. Ngati mtunduwo ndi wokwanira bwino, izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo. Osati mthunzi wowala kwambiri womwe umawonetsa kutsika kwake.

Kupewa kwa Mavuto

Popewa kukula kwa zotsatira zoyipa, ndikofunikira kuti matenda asiyanidwe ndikusunganso shuga m'magazi. Kulipira koyenera kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 sikungatheke popanda insulini. Ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda, sizofunikira, malinga ndi dongosolo la tsiku ndi tsiku, zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, malamulo opangira zakudya sasintha. Ndikofunika kutsatira malangizo amenewa:

Kanani zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta,
Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu ya kutentha yofatsa - kuwira, kuphika,
Idyani zakudya zabwino,
Chotsani shuga kwathunthu,
Chepetsa kudya kwa mchere - kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 12 g patsiku,
Sungani calorie pazogulitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuti mubwezeretse mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2 kuti ukhale wopambana, kuwonjezera pa kukonza zakudya, muyenera kuchita izi:

Nthawi ndi nthawi werengani kuchuluka kwa shuga,
Khalani ndi malo abwino okhala ndi malingaliro,
Pitani m'masewera.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosakwanira kapena koopsa kumavulaza kwambiri matenda ashuga. Zimakhudza molakwika njira yolipirira matenda a shuga 1, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Akatswiri amalangiza tsiku lililonse kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena azichita othamanga.

Kutengera uphungu wa zamankhwala, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukupita bwino. Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga womwe uli nawo uli ndi zotsatirazi:

Glycated hemoglobin 6-7%,
Kupanikizika kumakhala kochepera 140-90 mm Hg. Art.,
Cholesterol wamba
Hypoglycemia m'mawa 5.5 mol,
Muli wabwino kwambiri shuga mukatha kudya.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa amakhala ndi magawo a glucose ochuluka. Izi sizimayambitsa zovuta komanso zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira bwino nthawi yoikidwa.

Kuchulukitsa kwamalipiro

Njira zoyeserera matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi fructosamine ndi glycated hemoglobin. Pochiza matenda, cholinga chake chimakhala pa mulingo womwe amalipiridwa.Popeza kagayidwe kachakudya monga kupindika kumayamba pang'onopang'ono mu mawonekedwe a matenda, makamaka mtundu wa 1 wa matenda a shuga samayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe ndi kulephera kwa impso. Ndipo fomu yolipira yomwe imapezeka mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga imathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha myocardial infarction.

Ndikadwala matenda osawerengeka, matenda a hyperglycemia amakula, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, glucose amamangirira kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayendayenda m'magazi. Mawonetseredwe amtundu wa mankhwala a glucose amasonyezedwa makamaka m'maso ndi impso.

Kupanga kwa glucose wogwira ntchito ndi glycated hemoglobin. Ndizotsatira zakumanga kwa glucose ndi molekyulu ya hemoglobin yomwe imapezeka m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Glycated hemoglobin imalumikizana ndi hyperglycemia kwa miyezi inayi. Umu ndi momwe maselo ofiira amwazi amakhala. Ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa moyo wawo, hemoglobin anakhalabe glycosylated, izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa miyezi inayi yogonera glucose amawonekera m'magazi.

Chizindikirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza kuwonongeka kwa matendawa, kuthandizira kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated, njira yosinthira ma chionatografia kapena njira ya immunochemical imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu kafukufuku woyamba, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated mwa anthu athanzi lathunthu ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, zizindikiro izi ndi 4.5-5.7%.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 6% glycated hemoglobin. Ngati chizindikiro ichi chikuposa 9%, izi zikuwonetsa kuti shuga wowonongeka akupanga. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungasungidwe mwanjira iliyonse. Gawo lowongolera limatha kukhala cholakwika chifukwa chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosiyanasiyana, etc.

Carbohydrate kagayidwe kachakudya njira:

chiŵerengero cha hemoglobin cha glycated ndi chipukuta ndi 6-7%, chokwanira - 7.1-7.5%, ndi kubwezerera - kuposa 7.5%,
kuchuluka kwa kusala kudya kwa glycemia ndi chipukutira ndi 5.0-6.0%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 6.1-6.5%, ndi kuwonongeka - kopitilira 6.5%,
kuchuluka kwa glycemia ya postprandial ndi chipukuta ndi 7.5-8%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 8.1-9.0%, ndi kuwonongeka - oposa 9.0%,
kuchuluka kwa glycemia asanagone pakubwezeredwa ndi 6.0-7.0%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 7.1-7.5%, ndi kuwonongeka - oposa 7.5%.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri chomwe kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha shuga kumakhazikitsidwa ndi fructosamine. Thupi limapangidwa pakumanga kwa glucose ndi mapuloteni a plasma. Ngati kuchuluka kwa fructosamine m'madzi a m'magazi kumachuluka, izi zikutanthauza kuti m'masiku 14 mpaka 14, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonedwa m'magazi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa fructosamine, momwe wodwalayo angayang'anire.

Nthawi zambiri, fructosamine m'magazi sapitilira 285 μmol / L. Mwa kuchuluka kwa fructosamine ndi glycated hemoglobin m'magazi, munthu angadziwe zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima. Ndi gawo loperewera la matenda ashuga, chiwopsezochi ndi chocheperako, ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako amakhala apakati, ndipo ndi mawonekedwe opindika amakhala okwera.

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo

Mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake zimatengera momwe wodwalayo amaphunzirira bwino kuwongolera matenda ake. Wodwala amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo komanso kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo.

Magazi a m'magazi amayendera ma 4-5 patsiku. Koma izi ndizabwino. Sikuti munthu aliyense amatha kusanthula kangapo, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kafukufuku wocheperako ayenera kuchitika kawiri patsiku: m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso madzulo. A glucometer ndi zingwe zoyeserera zitha kuthandiza wodwala pamenepa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda abwino a shuga amabweza shuga mkodzo kamodzi pamwezi. Komabe, ngati zingwe zoyeserera zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo pakuwonekera kwa 12-15 mmol / l, maphunziro otere ayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Moyenera, shuga mumkodzo sayenera kukhala konse, kupezeka kwake kukuwonetsa chitukuko cha gawo la matenda a shuga. Ngati shuga wa mkodzo wapezeka, wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika zakudya zomwe amadya komanso zakudya, ndipo adotolo amayenera kukupatsani mlingo wina wa insulin kapena asinthe piritsi lomwe adalembalo kale.

Ngati shuga wapezeka mumkodzo, kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndikofunikira kuthandiza kuzindikira matupi a ketone (acetone) mumkodzo. Phunziroli, mzere wapadera wama test umagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Potsitsa mzerewo mkodzo, mutha kuwona momwe umasinthira mtundu. Kutengera mtundu wa machulukidwe, zomwe ma acetone mumkodzo amatsimikiza. Malinga ndi zizindikirozi, adotolo amafotokozera chithandizo chomwe chithandizire kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Ndi mankhwala a shuga a mellitus omwe amalipira, zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa: