2) Mwazi wamagazi

Glycemia - kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Zomwezo ndi 60-100 mg% kapena 3.3-5.5 mmol / L.

Glycemia imayendetsedwa ndi njira zingapo zathupi. Mitsempha ya glucose imasinthira kukhala okwera pambuyo pakumeza, chifukwa cha m'mimba ndi mayamwidwe am'mimba a chakudya cham'mimba chochepa (kulemera mozama) kuchokera kuzakudya kapena kuphulika kwa zakudya zina, monga ma starches (polysaccharides). Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa chifukwa cha catabolism, makamaka ndi kutentha kochulukirapo, kulimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika.

Njira zina zowongolera glycemia ndi gluconeogeneis ndi glycogenolysis. Gluconeogeneis ndipamene amapanga mamolekyulu a glucose m'chiwindi ndipo mwanjira ina yopanga impso kuchokera ku mamolekyulu a mankhwala ena achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, amino acid, lactic acid, glycerol. Pa glycogenolysis, glycogen wambiri wa chiwindi ndi minofu yam'mimba imasinthidwa kukhala glucose ndi maunyolo angapo a metabolic.

Glucose owonjezera amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen kapena triglycerides posungira mphamvu. Glucose ndiye gwero lofunikira kwambiri lamphamvu ya metabolic m'maselo ambiri, makamaka ma cell ena (mwachitsanzo, ma neurons ndi ma cell ofiira amwazi), omwe pafupifupi amadalira kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa glucose. Ubongo umafunika glycemia yokhazikika kuti igwire ntchito. Mafuta ambiri a shuga osakwana 3 mmol / L kapena oposa 30 mmol / L angayambitse kusazindikira, kukomoka, komanso kupweteka.

Ma mahomoni angapo amatenga nawo gawo pakukhazikika kwa kagayidwe kazakudwala, monga insulin, glucagon (wobisika ndi kapamba), adrenaline (wobisika ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa ma adrenal), glucocorticoids ndi mahomoni a steroid (otulutsidwa ndi gonads ndi adrenal gland).

Hyperglycemia wofatsa - 6.7-8.2 mmol / l,

kusakhazikika kwapakati - 8.3-11.0 mmol / l,

zolemera - zopitilira 11.1 mmol / l,

ndi chisonyezero choposa 16,5 mmol / l, kutsika kwakutulutsa,

ndi chisonyezero choposa 55,5, kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar kumachitika.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kupezeka kwa hyperglycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini (mahomoni omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi). Nthawi zina, insulini simalumikizananso moyenera ndi maselo amthupi kuti mugwiritse ntchito shuga.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira matenda a hyperglycemia, omwe mwa kudya kwambiri, kudya zakudya zama calorie ambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta komanso ovuta kuwononga.

Kupsinjika mtima kumathanso kukhala chifukwa chosadwala matenda a hyperglycemia. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera masewera olimbitsa thupi: kugwira ntchito molimbika kapena, m'malo mwake, moyo wongokhala ungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda opatsirana komanso osachiritsika amathanso kuyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa chomwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga kapena jakisoni wa insulin.

- shuga wotsika wamagazi.

2) Zakudya zopanda pake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana bwino, omwe ali ndi vuto la kufooka, mavitamini, mchere wamchere,

3) Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi insulin, mankhwala a pakamwa a hypoglycemic ngati bongo

4) chakudya chosakwanira kapena mochedwa,

5) zolimbitsa thupi zachilendo,

7) Kusamba kwa akazi,

9) Kulephera kovuta kwam'thupi: aimpso, kwa chiwindi kapena kulephera kwa mtima, sepsis, kutopa,

10) Kuperewera kwa Hormonal: cortisol, mahomoni okula, kapena zonse ziwiri, glucagon + adrenaline,

osati chotupa cha p-cell,

11) chotupa (insulinoma) kapena obadwa nako - 5-cell hypersecretion, autoimmune hypoglycemia, 7-ectopic secretion of insulin,

12) hypoglycemia mu makanda ndi ana,

13) kulowetsedwa kwamchere ndi dontho.

Tsambali lidasinthidwa komaliza: 2017-01-24, Tsamba Loyipiritsa la Copyright

1) Glycolysis. Wachilengedwe udindo, umagwirira ntchito, bioenergy, malamulo. Mphamvu ya Pasteur.

kusokonekera kwa anaerobic kwa glucose kuti akonzeke.

C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Fn = 2 lactate + 2ATP + 2H20.

- limaphatikizapo 11 zimachitikira ndi magawo awiri.

Chifukwa cha glycolysis, thupi limagwira ntchito zingapo m'malo osowa mpweya.

Pakanalibe mpweya ku Earth, glycolysis ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu.

Ma enzymes a Glycolysis amapezeka mu cytoplasm.

- Glycolysis wamphamvu kwambiri mu:

-3 zochita zosasintha (kinase).

Gawo loyamba la glycolysis

Gawo lachiwiri la glycolysis

Pakatikati yogwira enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase muli SH-gulu la cysteine.

Pa gawo loyamba, haidrojeni imamveka kuchokera ku gulu la aldehyde la gawo lapansi, ndipo chachiwiri ndi hydrogen kuchokera ku gulu la SN la malo othandizira.

Hydrogen imadutsa kupita ku NAD, chifukwa chake timalandira NADH + H +, puloteni ya enzyme-substrate imapangidwa, yomwe imalumikizana ndi phosphoric acid.

Mphamvu yaulere yotulutsidwa mkati mwa makulidwe a gulu la aldehyde imasungidwa mgulu lamphamvu la phosphate.