Kodi glucagon ndi chiyani ndipo ndi yothandiza bwanji komanso yofunikira kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga?

Glucagon imagwira nawo mbali pakuchita nawo kayendedwe ka glucose ndi mafuta.
Zochita za glucagon ndizotsutsana ndi insulin, koma umalimbana ndikukhalabe ndi shuga.

Glucagon imamasulidwa pamene glucose wamagazi ndi yotsika, ndipo thupi likafuna glucose yowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, poyankha kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Chidule cha Glucagon

Glucagon ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amachititsa kuti insulin ipange thupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yovuta, timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timagazi, motero zimakhudza glycogen yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi. Mothandizidwa ndi glucagon m'thupi, glucose amawonongeka ndipo zopangidwa zake zimalowa m'magazi a anthu.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Ngati wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda a kapamba, mankhwalawo amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya insulin ndi glucagon.

Udindo wa mahomoni m'thupi

Katulutsidwe kameneka amachitika mu kapamba, mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha endocrine, chotchedwa zilumba za Largenhans. Gawo lina laling'ono lazisumbu izi ndi lomwe limayang'anira kupanga mahomoni. Zotsatirazi zimakhudza njira ya kubisalira kwa mahomoni:

shuga ndende
kuchuluka kwa magazi amino acid,
kupsinjika kwakukulu thupi.

Glucagon atalowa m'thupi la munthu, amalumikizana ndi ma cell a chiwindi, kumasulidwa kwa glucose m'magazi kumayatsidwa, zizindikiro zake zokhazikika zimasungidwa pamlingo wabwinobwino. Kuphatikiza apo, glucagon ndiye amachititsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

Hormayo imathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mtima.

kumadzetsa kuphwanya mafuta,
amachotsa cholesterol yambiri
kumawonjezera magazi mu impso,
Imagwira bwino ntchito yamtima, imachotsa sodium,
imalimbikitsa kubwezeretsa kwa maselo a chiwindi,
imapereka insulin.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Kodi shuga zimagwira bwanji?

Mwazi wa m'magazi ukakhala wotsika kwambiri, timadzi timatulutsa m'thupi ndipo umapatsa chiwindi chizindikiridwe kuti ndi kofunika kupereka magazi ndi shuga, chifukwa pali kuchepa kwake. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, amayamba kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini sikumalola kuti glucogone amasulidwe chifukwa cha glycemia. Mchitidwe wa secretion wa glucagon makamaka umatengera mtundu wa chakudya chomwe munthu angatenge:

ngati mafuta okhala ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'zakudya za anthu, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kudzakhala otsika, potero kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa glucose kukula,
muzakudya zopezeka ndi mapuloteni, glucagon azikhala wokwera kwambiri.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa glucagon mu shuga

Mankhwala, mitundu ingapo ya jekeseni imagwiritsidwa ntchito: intramuscular, subcutaneous and intravenous. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kupaka jakisoni intramuscularly komanso m'mitsempha. Mlingo wovomerezeka wa mankhwalawa ndi 1 mg ya thunthu. Kusintha koyamba pambuyo popereka mankhwalawa kumawonedwa pambuyo pa mphindi 10-15. Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali m'mavuto ovuta, adokotala amalola kuyamwa kwa glucagon. Mankhwala salowerera placenta, choncho ndi otetezeka kwa mwana wosabadwa. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus pomwe odwala amalemera osakwana 25 kg. Nthawi yochira ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa wodwala. Amalimbikitsidwanso mtendere, komanso zakudya zama protein ndi tiyi wokoma.

Ntchito za insulin m'thupi

Insulin imatanthauzanso mahomoni omwe kapamba amapanga m'misukulu ya Langerhans. Awa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a ma cell okhala ndi mitundu isanu.

Ma cell a Alfa amatulutsa glucagon.
Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulin.
Delta cell secrete somatostatin.
Maselo a PP amagwira ntchito ngati malo opangira pancreatic polypeptide
Maselo a Epsilon ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti pakhale ghrelin.

Insulin ndi glucagon ndi mahomoni awiri omwe amasunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zamachitidwe awo ndizosiyana mwachindunji: kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi pansi pa insulin ndi kuwonjezeka pamene glucagon amalowa m'magazi.

Zotsatira za insulin pakuchepetsa shuga m'magazi zimachitika chifukwa cha njira zingapo zofunika:

Minofu ndi adipose minofu imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mphamvu.
Glycogen imapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose ndipo imasungidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu yosungirako.
Kuwonongeka kwa glycogen ndi kupanga kwa glucose kumachepetsedwa.

Udindo wa insulin ndikuyendetsa glucose kudzera mu membrane wa cell kuti mugwiritse ntchito mu cell.

Kutenga kwa insulini mu metabolism yamafuta ndikofunikira pakupanga kwamafuta, mafuta amafuta aulere komanso kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi lipoprotein m'magazi zimachuluka, zimathandizira kuti mafuta azikula komanso kuti kunenepa kwambiri.

Insulin ndi ya mahomoni a anabolic - imalimbikitsa kukula ndi magawikidwe a maselo, imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa amino acid. Izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi mbiri yakuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, chifukwa chake insulin imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa minofu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga izi ndi osewera (omanga thupi).

Insulin imathandizira kapangidwe ka RNA ndi DNA, kubereka, kukula kwa maselo, mothandizidwa ndi, minofu imayamba ntchito yodzipulumutsa yokha. Imagwira ntchito ya antioxidant m'thupi ndipo imalepheretsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwononga ziwalo. Ntchitoyi imatchulidwa makamaka ali aang'ono.

Insulin ilinso ndi zovuta zingapo pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi:

Amathandizira kukhalabe ndi kamvekedwe ka minyewa, kupangitsa kukulira kwa minofu yamimba.
Amathandizira amanyazi ndi ma cell chitetezo chokwanira.
Imayang'anira mapangidwe a ziwalo mu mwana wosabadwayo.
Amachita nawo hematopoiesis.
Kuchulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka estradiol ndi progesterone.

Insulin imakhudzanso dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje: imathandizira kuti ubongo ukhale wodziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, umakhudza kukumbukira, chidwi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa, kugona ndi kusala.

Udindo wa insulini pamakhalidwe oyanjana, kucheza komanso kuchita ukali, chidwi chamkati chidaphunzira.

Mphamvu ya glucagon pa kagayidwe kachakudya

Glucagon ndiwotsutsa wa insulini ndipo kuchitapo kwake ndikufuna kuwonjezera glucose wamagazi. Amamangirira ma cell receptors a chiwindi ndikupereka chizindikiro chakutha kwa glycogen ku glucose. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa glucagon kwa maola 4 kumatha kuchotsa chiwindi chonse cha glycogen.

Kuphatikiza apo, glucagon imathandizira kupangidwa kwa glucose m'chiwindi. Mu minyewa ya mtima, timadzi timene timayendetsa minyewa ya minyewa, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mphamvu ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Glucagon imapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi minyewa.

Izi za glucagon zimapangitsa kuti akhale nawo nawo motsatira mphamvu ya thupi polimbana ndi nkhawa yomwe imatchedwa "hit or run". Adrenaline ndi cortisol zimathandizanso. Glucagon imachepetsa masitolo ogulitsa mafuta komanso imathandizira kuphwanya mapuloteni kukhala ma amino acid.

Kuchita kwa glucagon mu shuga mellitus kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kukula kwa ketoacidosis.

Chiwerengero cha insulin ndi glucagon

Glucagon ndi insulin zimapatsa thupi mphamvu yofunikira. Glucagon imakulitsa msanga kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ubongo ndi maselo amthupi, imatulutsa mafuta m'masungidwe kuti ayake. Insulin imathandizira glucose kuchokera m'magazi kulowa m'maselo, momwe amathandizira kuti apange mphamvu.

Chiwerengero cha insulin ndi glucagon chimatchedwa insulin glucagon index. Zimatengera momwe zakudya zomwe zadyedwazo zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito - zimapita mphamvu kapena kuziyika m'masungidwe amafuta. Ndi index ya glucagon yotsika (pomwe pali glucagon ochulukirapo), chakudya chochuluka chogwiritsidwa ntchito kumanga minofu ndikupanga mphamvu

Kuwonjezeka kwa insulin glucagon index (ngati pali insulin yambiri) kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ndi mafuta ambiri.

Kupanga kwa glucagon kumalimbikitsidwa ndi mapuloteni, ndi insulin ndi chakudya chamafuta ndi ma amino acid. Pamene masamba (CHIKWANGWANI) ndi mafuta alowa mthupi, palibe imodzi mwa mahomoni imeneyi yomwe imalimbikitsidwa.

Mwanjira yosavuta, kapangidwe kake ka chakudya kamakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake pakupanga mahomoni:

Chakudya chimagwira chakudya chambiri - kwambiri insulin.
Pali mapuloteni ochulukirapo mu chakudya, zakudya zochepa - glucagon azikula.
Pali CHIKWANGWANI chochuluka kuchokera kumasamba ndi mafuta muzakudya - insulin ndi shuga a glucagon ndi ofanana ndi chakudya chisanachitike.
Pali mafuta, mapuloteni, fiber ndi mafuta mu chakudya - kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Izi ndiye zotsatira zabwino za zakudya zoyenera.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zimasiyana mgonero komanso kutembenuka kwa glucose. Zosavuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo shuga, ufa oyera, umalowera m'magazi, ndikupangitsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe. Zakudya zomanga thupi kuchokera ku ufa wonse wa chimanga, chimanga chimakumbidwa pang'onopang'ono, komabe mulingo wa insulin, ngakhale utakhala bwino, umakwera.

Chizindikiro chomwe chimakhudza index ya insulin glucagon ndiko kuthekera kwa zinthu kukulitsa shuga m'magazi (motero, insulin), komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kotere. Katunduyu wamalonda akuwonetsa glycemic index (GI).

Zimatengera kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi momwe amakonzekerera. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mbatata yophika ili ndi 65 (sikelo kuchokera 0 mpaka 100), ndipo tchipisi cha mbatata - 95, ma GI ang'ono kwambiri ndi broccoli, kabichi, nkhaka, mtedza, bowa, tofu, avocado, masamba amadyera. GI Yovomerezeka, yomwe ilibe kudumphira mu glucose, ndi 35-40.

Zakudya zamagulu ochepa zama glycemic zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndi monga:

Mpunga wakuda, barele wa peyala, mphodza, nyemba zobiriwira.
Tomato, biringanya.
Tchizi chamafuta ochepa, mkaka, yogurt yamafuta ochepa.
Dzungu nthanga.
Maapulo atsopano, maula, nectarine, apricot, yamatcheri, sitiroberi, rasipiberi.

Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu ndikuphwanya chakudya ndi mafuta metabolism. Izi zimaphatikizapo shuga, makeke oyera oyera, mbatata zophika, Zakudyazi za mpunga, uchi, kaloti owiritsa, mapira am chimanga, mbatata, mapira, zamapichesi, umzake, semolina, mpunga, mphesa ndi nthochi.

Zimawonjezera kuphika kwa GI, kuphika ndi kupera. Zakudya zonse zophatikizidwa: chimanga chokhacho, mbatata zosenda zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zakudya zonse. Kuti muchepetse GI, mutha kuwonjezera michere yazakudya mu mawonekedwe a chinangwa - oat, tirigu, buckwheat kapena rye kuphika kapena phala.

Pokonzekera zakudya moyenera, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zopatsa mphamvu ndi mafuta a glycemic sizilumikizidwa, chifukwa chake, kudya kwambiri zakudya zilizonse kumaphwanya njira za metabolic. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuwongolera kwa mahomoni kumapangitsanso kuti magazi azikhala nthawi zonse.

Ngati chakudyacho chili ndi, kuwonjezera pa chakudya cham'mimba, zinthu zopangira (fiber), mapuloteni ndi mafuta, ndiye kuti chimbudzi sichinachedwe, kuchuluka kwa insulin kudzasungidwa munthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chake, popanga mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza michere yonse m'zakudya zanu.

Zochita za insulin zikukambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Zambiri paz kapangidwe ka kapamba

Zikondwererozi zimakhala ndi magawo awiri osiyanasiyana;

exocrine (yomwe imakhala pafupifupi 98% ya unyinji wa chiwalo, imayendetsa chimbudzi, ma enzymes apamba amapangidwa pano),
endocrine (yomwe imakhala makamaka mchira wa gland, mahomoni amapangidwa pano omwe amakhudza chakudya ndi lipid metabolism, chimbudzi, ndi zina).

Zilumba za pancreatic zimapezeka ndendende kudera lonse la endocrine (zimatchulidwanso kuti zisumbu za Langerhans). Ndi mwa iwo momwe ma cell omwe amapanga mahomoni osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mphamvu. Maselo awa ali amitundu ingapo:

maselo a alpha (glucagon amapangidwa mwa iwo),
maselo a beta
maselo a delta (kupanga somatostatin),
Maselo a PP (pancreatic polypeptide amapangidwa pano),
ma cell a epsilon ("mahomoni a njala" ghrelin amapangidwa pano).

Kodi insulin imapangidwa bwanji ndipo ntchito zake ndi chiyani?

Insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a beta a kapamba, koma choyambirira chake, proinsulin, chimapangidwa pamenepo. Nokha, pawiri ili silimachita mbali yapadera, koma mothandizidwa ndi ma enzymes amasintha kukhala mahomoni. Insulin yopanga imapangidwanso ndi maselo a beta ndikudziika m'magazi nthawi imeneyo ikafunika.

Ma cell a beta a pancreatic amatha kugawanitsa ndikusintha, koma izi zimachitika mthupi laling'ono. Njira imeneyi ikasokonekera ndipo zinthu zogwira ntchitozi zikafa, munthu amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Ndi matenda a mtundu 2, insulin imatha kupangika mokwanira, koma chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, minyewa singayankhe mokwanira, ndipo chiwonjezere cha mahomoni ichi chimafunikira kuti magazi abwinidwe. Poterepa, amalankhula za kupanga kwa insulin kukana.

amachepetsa shuga
imayendetsa njira yogawa tinthu ta adipose, chifukwa chake munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amayamba kulemera msanga,
chimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a glycogen ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa mu chiwindi,
imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'matumbo a minofu ndikuletsa kupangidwe kwamitembo yambiri ya ketone,
amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a glycogen mu minofu chifukwa cha mayamwidwe amino acid.

Insulin sikuti imangoyendetsa glucose, imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi ndi minofu. Popanda mahomoni awa, thupi la munthu silingakhalepo, chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, insulin imabayidwa. Homoni uyu akalowa kuchokera kunja, thupi limayamba kuphwanya glucose mothandizidwa ndi chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imayambitsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndikusintha ndi zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa kuti jekeseni asayambitse hypoglycemia.

Ntchito za Glucagon

Mthupi la munthu, glycogen polysaccharide imapangidwa kuchokera kutsalira la glucose. Ndi mtundu wa chakudya chamaguluzu ndipo umasungidwa m'chiwindi chachikulu. Gawo la glycogen limapezeka m'matumbo, koma pamenepo silimadzisonkhanitsa, ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo popanga mphamvu zakomweko. Mlingo wocheperako wa chakudya ichi ukhoza kukhala impso ndi ubongo.

Glucagon imachita mosemphana ndi insulin - imapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwiritsa ntchito masitolo a glycogen mwa kupanga glucose kuchokera pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka, omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe. Kuwerengera kwa mahomoni awa kumatchedwa index ya insulin-glucagon (imasinthika pakukumba).

Glucagon imagwiranso ntchito zotere:

amachepetsa mafuta m'thupi,
kubwezeretsa maselo a chiwindi,
kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa calcium mkati mwa maselo amthupi osiyanasiyana,
timapitiriza kuyenda kwa magazi mu impso,
molunjika zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi,
imathandizira kuchoka kwa mchere wa sodium m'thupi ndipo imasunga mchere wamadzi ambiri.

Glucagon imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwamankhwala amitundu mitundu pakusintha kwa amino acid kukhala glucose.Imathandizira njirayi, ngakhale iyoyomweyo siyiphatikizidwe pamakina awa, ndiye kuti imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira. Ngati glucagon wambiri amapangika m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhulupirira kuti izi zimatha kudzetsa matenda oopsa - khansa ya kapamba. Mwamwayi, kudwala kumeneku ndikosowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake chake sichikudziwika mpaka pano.

Ngakhale insulin ndi glucagon zimatsutsana, Kuchita bwino kwa thupi sikungatheke popanda zinthu ziwirizi. Amalumikizana, ndipo ntchito zawo zimawongoleredwanso ndi mahomoni ena. Zaumoyo komanso thanzi la munthu zimadalira momwe machitidwe a endocrine amayendera.

Glucagon ndi shuga wamagazi

Mwazi wa magazi ukakhala wochepa, glucagon amasulidwa ndikuyimira chiwindi chomwe glucose amayenera kulowa m'magazi. Katemera wa glucagon zimatengera zomwe timadya:

Ngati chakudyacho chili ndi chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa glucagon m'mwazi kumachepetsedwa kuti magazi asatseguke kwambiri
ngati chakudya chili ndi mapuloteni ambiri, shuga wamagazi amawuka

Glucagon wa matenda ashuga

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, glucagon amatha kukweza shuga m'magazi kwambiri. Cholinga cha ichi ndi kusowa kwa insulini, kapena, pankhani ya matenda a shuga a 2, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa minyewa kupita ku insulin.

Mtundu wa shuga 1, mitundu yambiri ya insulin yozungulira imatha kulepheretsa kutulutsidwa kwa glucagon poyankha hypoglycemia.

Glucagon Administration

Glucagon ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha hypoglycemia, pomwe munthu sangathe kuyimitsa hypoglycemia, kapena shuga pamlomo ndi osagwira.

Mphamvu ya glucagon jekeseni imachitika pafupifupi mphindi 10-15, pomwe nthawi imeneyi imakweza shuga wamagazi kukhala otetezeka.

Pancreatic timadzi ntchito

Makina a exocrine ndi endocrine ndi magawo a matumbo oyamba. Kuti chakudya chomwe chimalowa m'thupi chitha kugawana mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, ndikofunikira kuti kachitidwe ka exocrine imagwira ntchito mokwanira.

Ndi kachitidwe kameneka kamene kamapanga pafupifupi 98% ya chakudya chamafuta, pomwe pali ma enzyme omwe amaphwanya zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni amawongolera njira zonse za thupi.

Ma mahomoni apachifinya kwambiri ndi awa:

Ma hormone onse a pancreatic, kuphatikizapo glucagon ndi insulin, amagwirizana kwambiri. Insulin ili ndi gawo lowonetsetsa kuti shuga azikhazikika, kuwonjezera apo, imasunga kuchuluka kwa amino acid kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito.

Glucagon imakhala ngati chowonjezera mphamvu. Hormoni iyi imamangirira pamodzi zinthu zonse zofunika, kuzitumiza m'magazi.

Hemuloni ya mahomoni imatha kupangidwa kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Ntchito ya insulin ndikumanga ma receptor pamitsempha yama cell, imawaperekanso ku cell. Kenako glucose amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen.

Zikondamoyo, zomwe zimagwira nawo gawo lazakudya, zimagwira ntchito yofunika.

Thupi limatulutsa mahomoni a pancreatic monga insulin, glucagon, ndi somatostatin.

Kupatuka pang'ono kwa mahomoni kuchokera pamtengo wokwanira kungayambitse kukula kwa ma pathologies owopsa, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala ovuta kuchiza.

Momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito

Mukakhuta, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya zimasanduka shuga. Ochuluka a shuga amenewa amapita m'magazi anu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsimikizira ziphuphu zanu kuti mupange insulini.

Insulin imauza maselo mthupi lonse kuti atenge glucose m'magazi. Mafuta akayamba kulowa m'maselo anu, magazi anu amadzaza. Maselo ena amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ngati mphamvu. Maselo ena, mwachitsanzo, m'chiwindi ndi minofu, amasunga shuga ochulukirapo monga chinthu chotchedwa glycogen. Thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito glycogen kupeza mafuta pakati pa chakudya.

Werengani Zambiri: Zopatsa Mphamvu Zosavuta Komanso Zovuta

Mkulu wa glucagon amagwira ntchito

Glucagon amagwira ntchito kuti athe kugwiritsira ntchito insulin.

Pafupifupi maola anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi mutatha kudya, magazi a m'magazi amatsika, ndikupangitsa kuti zikondamoyo ziziwala. Maselo amenewa amatulutsa glucose m'magazi kuti ma cell anu ena azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi.

Ndemanga zonse izi zokhala ndi insulin ndi glucagon zimangoyendayenda. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera kumunsi kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti thupi lanu limakhala ndi mphamvu nthawi zonse.

Kodi glucose wamagazi ali pamalo otetezeka?

Kodi ndili ndi matenda ashuga?
Kodi ndingatani kuti ndipewe matenda ashuga?
Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndikufuna kumwa insulini?

Kudziwa momwe thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito kungakuthandizeni kukhala athanzi. Insulin ndi glucagon ndi mahomoni awiri ofunikira omwe thupi lanu limapanga kuti mupeze shuga. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mahomoni awa amagwirira ntchito kuti mugwire ntchito kuti mupewe matenda a shuga.

Glucagon imathandizira kupanga shuga mu chiwindi ndikuwongolera zomwe zili m'magazi. Kuti magwiridwe antchito amitsempha apakati, ndikofunikira kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mosalekeza. Izi ndi pafupifupi 4 gramu pa ola limodzi kwa mtima dongosolo.

Zotsatira za glucose pakupanga shuga m'magazi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito zake. Glucagon ili ndi ntchito zina, imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa lipids mu minofu ya adipose, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri mafuta m'thupi. Kuphatikiza pa izi, glucagon ya mahomoni:

Imakulitsa magazi mu impso,
Amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa sodium kuchokera ku ziwalo, komanso kumakhala ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamagetsi m'thupi. Ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamtima.
Amasinthanso maselo a chiwindi,
Imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'maselo a thupi,
Kuchulukitsa kwa calcium michere ya intracellular.

Kuchuluka kwa glucagon m'magazi kumabweretsa kuwoneka ngati zotupa zoyipa mu kapamba. Komabe, khansa ya mutu wa kapamba ndiyosavuta kuyipeza, imawonekera mwa anthu 30 mwa chikwi.

Ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi insulin ndi glucagon ndizosiyana diametrically. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisungitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mahomoni ena ofunikira amafunikira:

Kuwongolera katulutsidwe wa glucagon

Kuwonjezeka kwa kudya kwa mapuloteni kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa amino acid: arginine ndi alanine.

Ma amino acids amathandizira kupanga glucagon m'magazi, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa amino acid m'thupi, kutsatira zakudya zabwino.

Glucagon yamafuta ndi chothandizira chomwe chimasinthira amino acid kukhala glucose, izi ndi ntchito zake zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maselo ndi minyewa yathupi limaperekedwa ndi mahomoni onse ofunikira.

Kuphatikiza pa amino acid, secretion wa glucagon imalimbikitsidwanso ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Zokondweretsa, ziyenera kuchitika poyerekeza ndi kukhoza kwa anthu. Pamenepo, ndende ya glucagon imadzuka kasanu.