Zotsatira za matenda a shuga pantchito ya mtima

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amasokoneza kagayidwe ka thupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mkulu wokhala ndi glucose yolamulidwa bwino amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa m'thupi, kuphatikiza ziwalo zake zofunika monga maso, mtima, komanso impso. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chidule cha zovuta zomwe matendawa amatenga.

Momwe shuga imawonongera kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amakhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena hyperglycemia. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin yamadzi m'magazi (mwa anthu athanzi imabisidwa ndi kapamba pazofunikira) kapena chifukwa cha kulephera kwa maselo amthupi kuyankha mokwanira insulin.

Insulin ndi timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi maselo a beta am'midzi tating'onoting'ono ta Langerhans yomwe ili pa kapamba. Hormoni iyi imalola maselo amthupi kutulutsa glucose m'magazi.

Cancaras imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutulutsa kwa insulin mu Mlingo wofunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi shuga m'magazi munthawi yochepa. Kusowa kwa insulini kapena kulephera kwa maselo amthupi kuyankha ku insulin kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Matenda ochulukirapo a shuga m'magazi (hyperglycemia) pakapita nthawi imabweretsa zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga.

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti shuga "imakhala ndi shuga" komanso ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo. Koma izi siziri choncho. Ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi kumasokonezeka, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri ziwiya zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi lathu lililonse. Choyamba, ndimitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi, shuga imakhudza maso ndi impso.

Pafupifupi, ziwalo zomwe zimatsata matenda a shuga zimaphatikizapo:

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso m'magulu atatu - yoyamba, yachiwiri komanso yotsika, yomwe mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri - kuposa 90% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga omwe amadwala matendawa.

Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulini chifukwa kulephera kwa kapamba wa wodwala kutulutsa timadzi timeneti.

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa 2 amadziwika ndi kusatha kwa maselo amthupi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kapena kuyankha ku insulin. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.

Matenda amishuga amakula mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati. Nthawi zambiri zimadutsa mwana atabadwa.

Mosasamala mtundu wake, shuga imabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe pamapeto pake amakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana komanso amadzetsa mavuto angapo azaumoyo.

Zotsatira zakuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi

Zotsatira zamitundu yonse ya shuga mthupi ndizofanana kapena zochepa, popeza onse omwe ali ndi chiphuphu chosakwanira chifukwa cha matendawa amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kapena hyperglycemia. Pomaliza, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kumakhudza thupi lonse, mosasamala mtundu wa shuga lomwe wodwala ali nalo.

Kukhalapo kwa shuga wambiri wamagazi kumapangitsa maselo ofiira am'magazi - maselo ofiira a magazi kukhala ovuta, omwe, nawonso, amasokoneza magazi.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umapangitsanso kuti mafuta azikhala mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Zadziwika kuti mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yosalimba ya impso, maso ndi miyendo imakhudzidwa makamaka chifukwa cha hyperglycemia.

Pofuna kuti muchepetse kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti shuga yanu ikhalebe pakati pama 3.5-6.5 mmol / L. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti kuyezetsa magazi kuchitidwa miyezi itatu iliyonse ya hemblobin HbA_1C, zomwe ziyenera kukhala 300 mg / tsiku).

Kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Yambani kuchepetsa kusefera kwa impso

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa, mutha kuyimitsa kukula kwa matendawa

Gawo lolephera

Zaka 15-20 pambuyo poyambapo kwa matenda ashuga

Potengera maziko a proteinuria ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kusefukira kwa impso, kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi (creatinine ndi urea m'magazi) kumawonjezeka.

Impso sizitha kuchiritsidwa, koma dialysis imachedwa kwambiri.

Kuchira kwathunthu kumatheka pokhapokha ndikuyika impso.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga m'maso

Mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yofooka yomwe ilipo mu retina imatha kuwonongeka ngati shuga ya magazi imakhala yayitali nthawi yayitali. Ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono a retina amayamba kufooka kwambiri mpaka amawonongeka.

Ngakhale kutuluka kwamitsempha yatsopano yamagazi, ndi hyperglycemia, ambiri aiwo amawonongeka ndipo makoma awo ofowoka amalola magazi kudutsamo.

Izi zimatha kudwala matenda ashuga retinopathy, omwe ndi amodzi mwa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala osagwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ashuga osaphatikizidwa amatha kuyambitsa edema ya lens, yomwe imatha kusokoneza maonedwe.

Hyperglycemia amathanso kuyambitsa kusawona bwino, komanso kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amkati, khungu, komanso khungu.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga pamtima komanso pamtima

Pakapita nthawi, matenda a shuga amakhalanso amathandizira kwambiri kukhala ndi matenda a mtima (CHD), myocardial infarction, ndi matenda ena a mtima. Matenda a shuga angayambitse kuyika kwa ma cell amafuta (cholesterol plaque) pazitseko zamkati zamitsempha yamagazi. Mu atherosclerosis, mitsempha yamagazi imavalidwa, kupangitsa kukhala yopapatiza komanso yosalimba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azisokonekera komanso zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri, matenda a m'matumbo, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima komanso mitsempha.

Zotsatira za shuga wambiri mumitsempha yamanjenje

Neuropathy kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi imodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Matendawa amadziwika kuti diabetesic neuropathy. Shuga wambiri amatha kuwononga mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumitsempha.

Mapeto a mitsempha omwe ali m'miyendo ya thupi (m'manja ndi m'miyendo) amakhala otengeka kwambiri ndi vuto la hyperglycemia.

Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amayamba kumva kuti ali ndi nkhawa, akuwadzidzimuka ndikumangika m'miyendo ndi m'miyendo, komanso amachepetsa kumva kwawo.

Izi ndizowopsa pamiyendo, chifukwa ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amasiya kumva zala zamiyendo ndi miyendo ndipo amatha kuwonongeka komanso kupitanso patsogolo. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a m'mimba, kuchepa kwa ntchito yogonana kumadziwikanso.

Zovuta za shuga pakhungu, mafupa ndi miyendo

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda kuvutikira matenda a pakhungu, monga matenda a fungus ndi bakiteriya a pakhungu, ndimavuto am'mafupa ndi mafupa, monga mafupa.

Monga tanena kale, shuga yayikulu imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi, makamaka yomwe ilipo mu miyendo ya thupi. Mapeto ake, izi zimabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana ammiyendo, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri matenda a shuga.

Ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono phazi ngati matuza, zilonda kapena mabala kumatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu, chifukwa kuperekera kwa okosijeni ndi magazi kumadera otsika a shuga. Matenda oopsa amatha kudula mwendo.

Werengani zambiri za zovuta za matenda ashuga pamiyendo ndi kumapazi: Phazi la matenda ashuga ngati vuto lowopsa la matenda ashuga - Zizindikiro, mankhwala, chithunzi

Matenda a shuga ndi ketoacidosis

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi, matenda osapatsa thanzi kapena osalamulirika angayambitse matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi vuto lomwe matupi a ketone amayamba kudziunjikira m'thupi. Maselo akamalephera kugwiritsa ntchito glucose m'magazi, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mphamvu. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kumapereka ma ketoni ngati kusinthanitsa ndi zinthu. Kudzikundikira kwa ma ketoni ambiri kumawonjezera acidity yamagazi ndi zimakhala. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi ketoacidosis wokalamba salandila chithandizo choyenera. Ndi ketoacidosis, wodwala amayenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa Vutoli ndiwopseza ndipo limachiritsidwa makamaka ndi otsikira, komanso chifukwa kukonzanso mwachangu kwa Mlingo wa insulin ndi zakudya zofunika. Pa gawo loyambirira la ketoacidosis, kusintha kwa shuga ndimagazi ndimadzi ambiri kumasonyezedwa kuti amachepetsa magazi.

Pomaliza

Kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga komanso kupewa mavuto ake osakhalitsa, ndikofunikira kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga nthawi zonse. Ichi ndiye malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kulipira odwala matenda ashuga ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati mankhwala aphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zoyenera, kuwongolera thupi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokhazikika.

Mkhalidwe wa Zaumoyo

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa insulin (kwathunthu kapena pang'ono). Ndi mtundu woyamba, kapamba samangotulutsa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kukana insulini kumayamba - timadzi tokha timene timakwanira, koma maselo sawazindikira. Popeza ndi insulin yomwe imapereka gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, glucose, mavuto nawo amatsogolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuzungulira kwa glucose wamagazi ochulukirapo kudzera m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwawo. Mavuto omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi awa:

• Retinopathy ndikuwonongeka kowoneka komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokonekera kwa mitsempha yamagazi mu retina.
• Matenda a impso. Amayambanso chifukwa chakuti ziwalozi zimalowa molumikizana ndi ma capillaries, ndipo iwo, monga ochepa kwambiri komanso osalimba, amavutika koyamba.
• Matenda a shuga - kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi m'malo am'munsi, komwe kumayambitsa kusayenda. Zotsatira zake, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kukhazikika.
• Microangiopathy imatha kukhudza mitsempha yoyenda mozungulira mtima ndikuipatsanso mpweya.

Chifukwa Chomwe Matenda A shuga Awiri Amayambitsa Matenda a Mtima

Matenda a shuga, monga matenda a endocrine, amakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya. Kulephera kupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose woperekedwa ndi chakudya kumapangitsa thupi kumanganso komanso kutenga zofunikira kuchokera pamapuloteni osungidwa ndi mafuta. Vuto la metabolic limakhudza minofu yamtima. Myocardium imakwaniritsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta acids - zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi oxidus zomwe zimadziunjikira mumaselo, zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe ka minofu. Ndi kukhudzika kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda amayamba - matenda a shuga. Matendawa amakhudza ntchito ya mtima, makamaka, amawonetsedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa miyendo - atrive fibrillation, extrasystole, parasystole ndi ena.

Kukhalitsa kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa matenda ena owopsa - diabetesic autonomic Cardioneuropathy. Shuga wowukitsa amatsogolera kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yamatenda amanjenje. Choyamba, ntchito ya parasympathetic system, yomwe imayang'anira kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, imalephereka. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonekera:

• Tachycardia ndi zosokoneza zina.
• Kupumira sikumhudza kugunda kwa mtima. Ndikupuma kwakukuru mu odwala, kugunda kwa mtima sikuchepetsa.

Ndi chitukuko cha zovuta zam'magazi mu myocardium, mitsempha yachifundo yomwe imayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwa mitsempha imavutikanso. Zizindikiro za kusintha kwa chidwi ndi izi:

• Ntchentche pamaso panu.
• Zofooka.
• Mdima m'maso.
• Chizungulire.

Matenda a mtima odwala matenda ashuga osintha mtima amasintha chithunzi cha matenda a mtima. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala sangamve ululu wammbuyo pakapita nthawi ischemia yamtima, ndipo ngakhale amavutika ndi myocardial infarction popanda kupweteka. Mkhalidwe wabwinobwino woterowo ndiwowopsa chifukwa munthu, popanda kumva zovuta, atha kupempha thandizo kuchipatala mochedwa. Pa siteji yowonongeka pamitsempha yachifundo, chiopsezo chomangidwa modzidzimutsa chimawonjezeka, kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsa kwa opaleshoni pakuchita ntchito.

Zowopsa za matenda a shuga ndi CVD: kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika, ndi zina zambiri

Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda amtima nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka ngati munthu amasuta, osadya bwino, amakhala moyo wongokhala, amakhala ndi nkhawa, komanso wonenepa kwambiri.

Zovuta za kukhumudwa ndi kuvutitsidwa kwina pakubwera kwa shuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi madokotala. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Bristol ndi University College London adasanthula zomwe zapezeka m'maphunziro 19 momwe anthu ogwira ntchito oposa 140,000 adachitapo gawo. Zowonerera zakhala zaka 10. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti iwo omwe nthawi zonse amawopa kuti ataya ntchito zawo ndipo adapwetekedwa mtima ndi izi anali 19% omwe angakhale ndi matenda a shuga 2 kuposa ena.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda onse a CVD ndi matenda a shuga ndi onenepa kwambiri. Asayansi ku Cambridge ndi Oxford Unives akuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa anthu pafupifupi 4 miliyoni omwe adachita nawo maphunziro 189 ndipo anati kuonjezera muyeso kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamwalire (kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet). Ngakhale kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumachepetsedwa ndi zaka zitatu. Komanso, imfa zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndendende ndi mavuto a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi - kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko. Zokhudza kunenepa:

• Metabolic syndrome, momwe kuchuluka kwamafuta kwama visceral (kuchuluka kwa m'mimba), kumadziwikanso ndi kukula kwa insulin - chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.
• Zotengera zimawonekera mu minofu yowonjezera ya adipose, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwathunthu m'thupi kumachuluka. Pofuna kupopa magazi moyenera, mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wowonjezera.
• M'magazi, kuchuluka kwa "koyipa" cholesterol ndi triglycerides kumawonjezera, zomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi ndi matenda a mtima.

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kowopsa pa chifukwa chinanso. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga a 2 kumachitika chifukwa chakuti insulini, yomwe imayendetsa shuga m'magazi, siziwonekanso ndi matupi athupi. Homoni imomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba, koma sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchito zake ndikukhalabe m'magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, limodzi ndi shuga ochulukirapo m'matendawa, insulin yayikulu imalembedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa mayendedwe a shuga kupita ku maselo, insulin imayang'anira njira zina zingapo za metabolic. Makamaka, imayendetsa kuchulukana kwa mafuta m'thupi. Pamene mulingo wake m'magazi ndi wabwinobwino, njira zodzikundikira ndikuwonongeka kwamafuta ndizolondola, koma pakuwonjezeka kwa insulini, muyeso umasokonezeka - thupi limamangidwanso kuti lipange minofu ya adipose ngakhale ndi ma calories ochepa.Zotsatira zake, njira imakhazikitsidwa yomwe imakhala yovuta kuilamulira - thupi limadziunjikira mafuta mwachangu, ndikuwonjezera kunenepa kwambiri kumakulitsa njira ya matenda ashuga ndi mtima.

Pankhondo yolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, masewera amakhalabe chinthu chofunikira, limodzi ndi zakudya. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuphunzitsira minofu yamtima, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, pamasewera, minofu imafuna mphamvu yowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, thupi limayamba machitidwe (makamaka, kupanga mahomoni) omwe amachititsa kuti maselo azikhala ndi insulin. Asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Otago ku New Zealand adachita kafukufuku yemwe adawonetsa phindu lokhala kuyenda ngakhale kwa mphindi 10 atatha kudya. Malinga ndi zomwe asonkhanitsa, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zotere zimathandiza kuchepetsa magazi a shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mwanjira ya 12%.

Zakudya zomwe zimathandiza mtima komanso kupewa matenda ashuga

Kafukufuku waposachedwa adakulitsa mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira zomwe zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga.

Asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya San Diego (USA) adapeza kuti iwo omwe amadya chokoleti chakuda cha 50 g patsiku amakhala ndi shuga wamagazi ochepa komanso cholesterol "choyipa" kuposa omwe amakonda chokoleti yoyera. Likukhalira kuti chokoleti chakuda ndikupewa matenda ashuga ndi atherosulinosis. Madokotala amagwirizanitsa izi ndi zochita za flavanol, chinthu chokhala ndi antioxidant komanso anti-yotupa.

Magalasi awiri a msuzi wa cranberry wopanda shuga patsiku amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga 2, matenda a sitiroko (15%) ndi matenda a mtima (10%). Izi zidakwaniritsidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku US Department of Agriculture ku Beltsville, Maryland. Ubwino wa msuzi ndi ma polyphenols, omwe amateteza thupi ku CVS, khansa komanso matenda ashuga.

Akuluakulu a walnuts patsiku amathandizira kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa chamatenda. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza anthu 112 azaka 25 mpaka 75. Mtedza womwe umapezeka pa mndandandawu unathandizira kuti magazi a magazi azikhala mwamphamvu, koma sizinakhudze kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi shuga.

Zipatso, monga msuzi wa kiranberi, zimakhala ndi ma polyphenols. Kafukufuku wotsogozedwa ndi wasayansi waku America Mitchell Seymour adatsimikiza kuti zinthuzi ndizothandiza mu metabolic syndrome. Kuyesaku kunachitika ndi mbewa zomwe zimadyetsedwa mphesa kwa miyezi itatu. Zotsatira zake, nyamazo zinachepa, ndipo impso ndi chiwindi zake zinayamba kuyenda bwino.

Mtedza umathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wa anthu omwe ali ndi prediabetes, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi komanso insulin, amachepetsa kutupa ndikusunga kulemera koyenera. Izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wazaka ziwiri wopangidwa ku Spain. Ndipo asayansi ochokera ku University of Pennsylvania adawona kuti kudya pafupifupi magalamu 50 a pistachios yaiwisi patsiku kumachepetsa vasoconstriction panthawi yovuta.