Kuopsa kwa chibayo mu shuga

Njira zopatsirana zomwe zimagwira machitidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi la munthu odwala matenda a shuga. Choyipa ndichakuti matenda ndi ovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti pakhale zovuta zoopsa.

Mwachitsanzo, chibayo mu shuga chingayambitse kukula kwa matenda omwe amapha. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zotupa m'mapapo zimatha kubwezeretsanso matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Woopsa kupuma thirakiti pathologies kwa wodwalayo, kukulitsa motsutsana ndi maziko a ntchito ya Staphylococcus aureus ndi gram-hasi tizilombo. Zikatero, njira yotupa imayambitsa imfa ya wodwala.

Kodi chibayo chimachitika bwanji mu shuga?

Njira ya chibayo mu shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamakono. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha anthu odwala matendawa, chomwe chimawonjezeka chaka chilichonse.

Choopsa chachikulu ndikuti matenda ashuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Cholinga chachikulu ndikulandila ndalama zambiri, kukhala njira yoletsa zovuta za matendawa.

Chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo chotenga chibayo mu shuga chimakwera.

Odwala ayenera kudziwa kuti shuga imakhudza malo ambiri a thupi. Choyamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimadwala, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupita patsogolo kwa ma bacteria osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chibayo kapena bronchitis.

Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri komanso amachiritsidwa bwinobwino, komabe, ndi matenda ashuga, mfundo yakukula kwa matendawo imawoneka mosiyana. Mavuto owopsa, ngakhale agwiritsidwe ntchito ma antibacterial, amakula nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mwayi woti umwalira.

Mu shuga mellitus, chibayo chimayamba kugaya, pomwe zotupa zingapo zam'mapapu zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo pulmonary microangiopathy imayamba.

Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa chibayo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga:

Kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kufooketsa thupi,
kuchuluka mwayi wa matenda kupuma thirakiti, mwachitsanzo,
hyperglycemia, yomwe sikuti imangowonjezera chitukuko cha chibayo, komanso imatsogolera ku njira yoopsa kwambiri yamatenda kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga yokhazikika,
kusintha kwa m'mitsempha yam'mapapu (pulmonary microangiopathy), komwe, malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, kumakhala kofala kawiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuposa anthu athanzi,
matenda ophatikizika.

Zinthu zonsezi, komanso kusawongolera bwino shuga, zimapanga zinthu zabwino mthupi la munthu kuti ziwonongeke mu thirakiti la kupumira, kuphatikizapo chibayo. Ndipo matenda omwe amalowa m'mapapo amakhala chofupikitsa chomwe chimakulitsa gawo lofooka. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa chitetezo chathupi kumangokulitsa chiwopsezo cha chibayo, komanso kungayambitse matenda ena, zovuta zingapo komanso kuchira kwakutali. Ngozi ina yamatenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi njira yotupa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic ndi kuthekera kwa matenda a shuga kukhala oopsa

Zizindikiro za chibayo mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro za chibayo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndizofanana ndipo sizosiyana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za anthu athanzi. Kwenikweni, amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chibayo ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, anthu okalamba kapena anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lofooka kwambiri chifukwa chodwala amakhala ndi vuto locheperako komanso chizindikiro chosaonekera, ngakhale kuwonongeka m'mapapo kumakhala kowopsa kwa odwala otere.

Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zazikulu za chibayo ndi monga:

kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pamakhala madigiri 38) komanso kuzizira,
kutsokomola, komwe kumatha kupitilira miyezi 1.5-2 mutachira,
kupweteka pachifuwa pakumapuma,
kufooka wamba, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu,
thukuta kwambiri
zilonda zapakhosi
kusowa kwa chakudya
khungu loyera pafupi ndi milomo ndi mphuno,
mu milandu yayikulu - kupuma movutikira, chisokonezo.

Chibayo mu shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri imayamba, monga momwe ziwonetsero zimasonyezera, m'miseche yakumapeto kapena kumbuyo kwake kwam'mapapo. Pankhaniyi, mapapo oyenera amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala necrosis komanso ma abscesses ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a metabolic, kachilombo ka bacteria kamalowa m'magazi pafupipafupi kuposa mwa anthu athanzi omwe ali ndi chibayo. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwaimfa kamodzi ndi theka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wopewa komanso kuchiza matenda opumira ndi udindo wonse.

Kupewa chibayo.

Njira zopewera, choyambirira, zimaphatikizapo kuleka kwathunthu kusuta ndi katemera. Mabakiteriya akuluakulu omwe amapezeka mu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka ndi chibayo ndi staphylococcus ndi gram-negative bacilli. Matendawa amatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu ngakhale ndi chifuwa chochepa cha anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Popeza kuopsa kumeneku, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira katemera wa chibayo ndi fuluwenza.

Katemera wa pneumococcal chibayo amateteza kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amafunika kamodzi kokha. Kuwombera chimfine kumalimbikitsidwa pachaka (makamaka kwa anthu opitilira 65).

Zida za mankhwalawa chibayo mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha chibayo chilichonse ndikusankhidwa kwa antibacterial mankhwala omwe amayenera kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kulowererapo kwa chithandizo ngakhale kuzimiririka kwathunthu kwa zizindikiro za matendawa kungayambitse kuyambiranso. Posankha mankhwala, madokotala ayenera kuganizira kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zina. Monga lamulo, ndi chibayo chofinya kapena chibayo champhamvu, maantibayotiki monga azithromycin ,cacithromycin, amoxicillin ndi omwe amaperekedwa, omwe amaloledwa bwino ndi odwala matenda a shuga. Komabe, ngakhale akumamwa mankhwala okhala ndi antibacterial, komanso mankhwala ena, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuti apewe zovuta komanso zovuta.

Zochizira ndi chibayo, nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa:

mankhwala oletsa kubereka omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuthana ndi mitundu ina ya ma virus (ribavirin, ganciclovir, acyclovir ndi ena),
analgesics omwe amachepetsa ululu ndi kutentha thupi,
mankhwala a chifuwa
pogona pakama.

Nthawi zina, kungakhale kofunikira kuchotsa madzi owonjezera m'dera lozungulira mapapu, chigoba cha okosijeni, kapena kupumira kuti uthandizire kupuma. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchofu m'mapapu, madotolo amalimbikitsa kumwa madzi osachepera malita awiri patsiku (pokhapokha wodwala ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena impso). Nthawi zambiri, kutikita minofu, zolimbitsa thupi ndi physiotherapy zotchulidwa.

M'masiku oyamba a chibayo, kuthandizidwa kuchipatala ndikofunikira. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa odwala okalamba.

Mulimonsemo, chithandizo cha chibayo, makamaka kwa odwala matenda a shuga, ayenera kuuzidwa ndi dokotala yemwe adzayang'anire mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo mukudwala konse. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwala mwiniyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lake, kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, ndikuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zoyambitsa matenda

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimayambitsa matenda a kupuma thirakiti wodwala:

kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi,
chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a pachimake ndi mawonekedwe,
Hyperglycemia imabweretsa kuledzera ndi kusokonezeka kwa minofu ya m'mapapo, chifukwa chomwe imayamba kusokonezeka ndi microflora ya pathogenic,
matenda ashuga angiopathy (kusintha kowononga m'mitsempha yamagazi, kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe kwake ndi kupindika kwake, kupindika kwa lumen) kumawonedwa, kuphatikizapo m'mitsempha yam'mapapo m'mimba.
kagayidwe kachakudya
kusakhazikika kwa endocrine dongosolo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kumayambitsa maselo osapindulitsa, kupangitsa kuti atengeke kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nosocomial ndi gulu lomwe anthu amapeza m'gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga limayambitsa matenda wamba - Staphylococcus aureus. Ma bakiteriya omwe ali ndi matendawa amathanso kukhumudwitsa Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nthawi zina, matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi bowa (Coccidioides, Cryptococcus).

Matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, chibayo chimadutsana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Kenako mabakiteriya ajowina, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa magazi, kusintha kwa maziko a psychoemotional. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi chibayo, chiopsezo chotenga chifuwa chachikulu chikuwonjezeka.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, zizindikiro za chibayo zimatchulidwanso. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi edema ya kupuma kwamakono kumbuyo kwa malowedwe ochulukirapo a capillaries, kusagwira kwa neutrophils ndi macrophages, komanso kufooka kwa chitetezo chathunthu.

Pa odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, chithunzi cha chipatala sichingawonekere mokwanira, ndipo matenthedwe amatha kukhala ochepa.

kutsokomola chifuwa chonyowa, komwe kumatha miyezi yambiri,
kukanikiza ndi kupweteka ululu kumbuyo kwake, komwe kumakulirakukhazikika pakusintha kwa thupi, kuvala zovala zowonongera komanso kuphipha,
kufooka wamba ndi ulesi,
kusowa kwa chakudya
kudzikundikira kwamadzi m'mapapu ndi shuga,
Hyperthermia (kutentha kumatha kupitirira 38 ° C), kutentha thupi ndi kutentha thupi,
zosokoneza tulo
Zizindikiro zopumira
kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
zotupa za oropharynx, mmero,
khungu lamtambo ndi mucous nembanemba m'dera la ziwalo za ENT,
chisokonezo, kukomoka,
kuvutika kupuma
Kutulutsa magazi kapena mafinya,
kukula kwa magazi (poizoni, zotayidwa zophera tizirombo, ma cell oyera am'magazi, ndi zina zodziunjikira).

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, odwala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia, malo opumira a ziwalo zopumira, komanso mbali zakutsogolo, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Zinadziwika kuti kutupa nthawi zambiri kumafalikira ku mapapu akumanja osatetezeka.

Kuperewera kwa chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu komanso koyenera kumayambitsa zovuta za matendawa: kutulutsa kokwanira kwa purulent, pulmonary embolism, necrosis ya minofu. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kachilombo ka bakiteriya kamene kamatuluka kupuma komwe kamalowa m'magazi (sepsis), chiopsezo cha kufa ndichulukanso ka 1.5.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chithandizo cha chibayo, choyambirira, chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiko kuti, ngakhale zizindikirizo zitachotsedwa kwathunthu (matendawa amayamba kubwereranso nthawi yoyambiranso).

Asanapereke mankhwala, madokotala amayesa magawo ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa zomwe munthu akuchita. Chibayo chofewa komanso chopatsa thanzi m'matenda a shuga chimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito maantibiotic: Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayang'aniridwa mosamala ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, njira yotsatsira insulin imasinthidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pochiza zotupa, zimayikidwa:

mankhwala antiviral (Ganciclovir, Ribarivin, Acyclovir ndi ena),
mankhwala a analgesic systemic (osati antispasmodics) omwe amathandizira kuthetsa ululu wazizindikiro mu sternum,
mitsitsi ndi mapiritsi a chifuwa, omwe amathandizira kutuluka kwa sputum,
anti-yotupa ndi antipyretic mankhwala a fever ndi malungo (mwachitsanzo, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol),
njira zolimbitsa thupi ndi ma punctures omwe angakuthandizeni kuti muchotse madzi owonjezera pazinthu zopumira.
kupuma kapena chida cha oxygen kuti mubwezeretse kupuma kwabwino,
kutikita minofu, kupangitsa kutuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi zotumphukira,
pogona pakama
maphunziro olimbitsa thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoopsa, yachilengedwe, yomwe imawoneka ngati matenda osachiritsika omwe sikuwaika pachiwopsezo kwa moyo wa wodwalayo momwe angachitire panthawi yake chithandizo.

Kuchiza sikudalira pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, njira ya mankhwala mosalephera imaphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo amoyo wathanzi. Kuwopsa kwakukulu kwa thanzi la wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a shuga kumayimiriridwa ndi matenda omwe akupita patsogolo ndikuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chokwanira.

Yang'anani! Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuzizira kungayambitse chibayo. Matenda amapita patsogolo mwachangu ndipo amatsogolera pamavuto owopsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chibayo mu shuga zingayimidwe motere:

kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi,
kufooketsa kwathunthu kwa thupi motsutsana ndi maziko a kutupa,
hyperglycemia
kusintha kwa m'mitsempha yam'mapapu,
kukhalapo kwa matenda oyanjana.

Matenda amafulumira kulowa m'mapapu a wodwala ndikupangitsa kuti awonongeke mwachangu.

Zoyambitsa ndi Zoopsa

Nthawi zambiri, chibayo chimayamba chifukwa cha kuzizira kapena nyengo. Koma pali zifukwa zina za chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga:

aakulu hyperglycemia,
kufooka chitetezo chokwanira
pulmonary microangiopathy, momwe masinthidwe a pathological amapezeka m'matumbo a ziwalo zopumira.
mitundu yonse yamatenda oyanjana.

Popeza shuga wokwera amapereka malo abwino mthupi la wodwalayo kuti mulowetse matenda, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angayambitse kutupa m'mapapo.

Wodziwika bwino wa causative wothandizira chibayo cha nosocomial ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika ndi Staphylococcus aureus. Ndipo chibayo cha bakiteriya mu odwala matenda ashuga chimayambitsa osati matenda a staphylococcal, komanso Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Nthawi zambiri ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, chibayo cha atypical choyambitsidwa ndi ma virus chimayamba. Pambuyo pa bakiteriya atenga kachilomboka.

Kuzindikirika kwazomwe zimachitika mkati mwa mapapo omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi hypotension komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro, pomwe odwala wamba zizindikiro za matendawa ndi zofanana ndi zizindikiro zopatsira matenda opumira. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga, chithunzi cha chipatala chimatchulidwa.

Komanso, ndi matenda, monga hyperglycemia mu matenda a shuga, pulmonary edema nthawi zambiri imachitika. Izi ndichifukwa choti capillaries imalowa kwambiri, ntchito yama macrophages ndi neutrophils imasokonekera, ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi chimafookeranso.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chibayo choyambitsidwa ndi bowa (Coccidioides, Cryptococcus), staphylococcus ndi Klebsiella mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin kupanga ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa odwala omwe alibe zovuta za metabolic. Kuchepa kwa chifuwa chachikulu kumachulukanso.

Ngakhale kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kumabweretsa mphamvu pa chitetezo chathupi. Zotsatira zake, mwayi wokhala ndi chotupa cham'mapapo, asymptomatic bacteremia, ngakhale imfa imachulukanso.

Zolemba za chibayo mu shuga

Matenda ngati matenda a shuga ndi mliri wa nthawi yathu ino. Padziko lonse lapansi, chaka chilichonse, anthu ambiri odwala matenda a shuga amamwalira. Komabe, si matenda omwewo omwe ndi oyipa, koma zovuta zomwe zimayambitse munthu.

Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipira ku zovuta za shuga monga chibayo.Ambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakumana ndi vutoli, lomwe ngati silichiritsidwa, lingamuphe.

Zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chibayo kuposa anthu omwe alibe matendawa. Izi zimatsogozedwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:

chifukwa chakuwonjezera kusokonezeka kwa metabolic mthupi, odwala amachepa pantchito zoteteza thupi. Zotsatira zake, chitetezo chamunthu chimachepa, ndipo amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale chimfine chaching'ono kapena chimfine chingayambitse chibayo, matenda ena omwe amayenda ndi matenda ashuga angayambitsenso chibayo, kusintha kwamatumbo konse komwe kumachitika m'mapapu kumatha kuyambitsa kutukusira kwa minyewa yam'mapapu ya wodwalayo, ndipo pamakhala kutentha kwambiri kuthekera kwa matenda osiyanasiyana olowa ndi kupuma thirakiti, kudwaladwala kwamatenda ndikuyambitsa chibayo kungayambike chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, mabakiteriya monga mashelufu yamatumbo, myco ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda plasma, pneumococcus, chlamydia, bowa ndi ma virus angapo, mwadzidzidzi kapena mosachiritsika omwe adachiritsidwa matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, amathanso kuyambitsa yotupa m'mitsempha ya wodwala matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunika kunena kuti kuzungulira pa kufooka kwa chitetezo chokwanira m'thupi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chibayo chimayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso chithandizo chambiri. Choopsa chachikulu ndikuti chibayo chimatha kupangitsa mtundu wovuta wa matenda a shuga ndikuwonjezera mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Mwambiri, chidziwitso cha matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chimafanana ndendende ndi anthu omwe alibe shuga. Chokhacho chomwe chimatchulidwa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chibayo ndi kuuma kwa zizindikirazo.

Iyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka ngati wodwala matenda ashuwere awonetsa matenda, monga:

Kutentha kokhazikika, komwe kumafikira madigiri 39 ndipo kupitilira apo, kuzizira ndi kutentha thupi kosalekeza, chifuwa chowuma chopitilira, pang'onopang'ono chimasandulika kukhala chifuwa chopangidwa ndi sputum, kupweteka kwam'mutu komanso kupweteka kwa minofu komwe kumatha kuchoka ngakhale ndi nthawi, chizungulire chachikulu, kusowa kwa chidwi cha chakudya kumatha kuwonekera. kupweteka pakumeza, mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chibayo chimayendera limodzi ndi thukuta lalikulu, kupuma movutikira, kumverera kosowa kwa mpweya pamene kupumira mkati ndikuchita khungu. Ndizodziwika ndi gawo la patsogolo kwambiri la chibayo, kupweteka kwamankhwala kumaonekera m'dera lamapapo odwala, kuwonjezereka ndi kutsokomola kapena kusuntha kwa wodwalayo, monga kutsokomola, amatha kukhala kwakanthawi kokwanira, mpaka miyezi ingapo, wodwala amakhala atatopa, amatopa msanga ngakhale atachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, khungu kuzungulira mphuno ndi pakamwa limayamba kupezeka ndi mtundu wamtambo, zilonda zapakhosi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za chibayo, abetics ndi chibayo, kuluka kwamphamvu misomali ndikotheka, kupuma, makamaka kupuma kwamphamvu, kupweteka kosawoneka kumawonekera m'dera la chifuwa.

Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, kutupa m'matumbo a m'mapapo kapena kumbuyo kwa mapapo am'mapapo nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa. Pankhaniyi, mapapu akumanja, chifukwa cha matupi ake, amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa kumanzere.

Matenda amatha kulowa m'magazi, chifukwa njira za metabolism zomwe zimachitika mthupi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimachitika kwambiri kuposa munthu wathanzi. Zotsatira zake, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri mpaka zotsatira zakupha umawonjezeka kwambiri.

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga ayankha panthawi yomwe akudwala ndipo atembenukira kwa dokotala wam'mapapo kuti adziwe matendawa, atha kupewa mavuto ambiri obwera ndi chibayo.

Kutupa kwamapapu ndi matenda a shuga

Chibayo chomwe chimapezeka m'deralo ndi matenda am'mimba kwambiri omwe amapezeka kunja kwa chipatala kapena malo ena achipatala. Monga lamulo, kufalitsa kwa tizilomboka kumachitika ndi milulu yoyendetsera mpweya. Pambuyo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atakhazikika mu alveoli, kutupa kumayamba.

Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la zovuta za metabolic zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda osachiritsika a hyperglycemia chifukwa chazovuta zachitetezo cha insulin, zotsatira za insulin, kapena njira zonse ziwiri. Kufalikira kwa matenda padziko lapansi kudabwitsa.

The pathogenesis ya zovuta zazikulu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira ya microangiopathic komanso glycosylation yopanda enzymatic ya mapuloteni a minofu. Mitundu yambiri ya neutrophil ndi macrophage imakhudzidwa ndi vutoli. Chifukwa chake, maselo othandizira sangathe kuchita zoteteza:

chemotaxis, zomatira, phagocytosis, kusaloledwa kwa phagocytized tizilombo.

Kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa ma virus ndi superoxides ndi hydrogen peroxide (kupuma kwamkokomo) kumasokonezedwa. Odwala ndi matenda otere, kusokonezeka mu unyolo wa kutenga chitetezo chokwanira kumachitika.

Chifukwa cha matenda a hyperglycemia, ntchito za capillary endothelial, kusintha kwa kuuma kwa erythrocyte, ndikusintha kwa mpweya wa oxygen. Zonsezi zimakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kukana matenda. Zotsatira zake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a nthawi yayitali amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda.

The causative othandizira a chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga

Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcusaureus) ndiwofala kwambiri yemwe amachititsa chibayo cha anthu wamba komanso nosocomial. Bacterial pneumonia mu shuga yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi Klebsiellapneumoniae ndi Staphylococcus aureus ndizovuta kwambiri. Odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amafunikira thandizo la kupuma ndi mpweya wabwino.

Kupewa kwapadera

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsawa nthawi zambiri amatha kufa ndi chimfine ndi chibayo. Kutupa kwamapapu ndi matenda oopsa kwa aliyense, koma ngati wodwalayo akukumana ndi vuto la kupanga kapena insulini, ndiye kuti akudwala motalika ndipo atha kufa ndi chibayo.

Thandizo lenileni la odwala awa ndi katemera. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide yomwe imateteza ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Bacterium iyi nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda akulu mwa ana ndi ana, kuphatikizapo chibayo, meningitis, ndi poyizoni wamagazi.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayamba kukhala anti-antiotic, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa katemera odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka m'thupi. Katemera motsutsana ndi chibayo akulimbikitsidwa:

ana osakwana zaka 2, achikulire opitilira zaka 65, odwala matenda osachiritsika (matenda ashuga, mphumu), odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chitetezo (omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, odwala khansa omwe akudwala chemotherapy).

Katemera wa chibayo ndi wabwino chifukwa alibe mabakiteriya amoyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe mwayi wokhala ndi chibayo mutemera.

Zowopsa zake

Poyerekeza odwala omwe ali ndi chibayo omwe amadwala matenda ashuga komanso omwe alibe zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya, zambiri zosangalatsa zimatha kupezeka. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi matenda a SARS, ndipo kachilombo kamene kamafikanso nako.

Zowoneka zachipatala za odwala omwe ali ndi chibayo mu shuga mellitus ndi kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wawo wamaganizidwe ndi hypotension. Ndipo pagulu labwinobwino la wodwala, zizindikiro za nthenda yakupuma imawonekera. Kuwonetsedwa kwa chibayo mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kovuta, koma izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa odwala m'gululi.

Kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha wasayansi waku Spain adawonetsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ophatikizana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chowonjezeka cha capillary permeability, mphamvu yochepa yolimbana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, chopotozedwa ndi ntchito ya neutrophils ndi macrophages.

Matenda a Staphylococcal, kachilombo ka Klebsiellapneumoniae, fungus ya genus Cryptococcus ndi Coccidioides mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin yopanga ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe alibe matenda osachiritsika. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga ndi chiopsezo chobwezeretsanso chifuwa chachikulu.

Kusowa kwa metabolic kumalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa chake chiopsezo cha asymptomatic bacteremia, abscess yam'mapapo mwanga ndi imfa zimachuluka.

Zimayambitsa chibayo mu shuga

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumakhalapo ndi matenda ena amodzi, omwe chibayo chimayambira malo achiwiri. Pakati zoyambitsa zambiri za chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kufotokoza izi:

kufooka kwa thupi ndi otsika chitetezo chokwanira, chiopsezo cha matenda kupuma thirakiti, hyperglycemia, complicing ya matenda, kusintha kwa m'mitsempha yam'mapapo, zotengera matenda.

Zinthuzi, kuphatikiza kusawongolera bwino kwamwazi wamagazi, zimakhala malo abwino owonongeka kwamapazi. Kulowera m'mapapu, matendawa amakulitsa zomwe zimakhala zofooka kale, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuchira.

Kuganiza za chitukuko cha chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera zochitika ngati:

kuzizira ndi kutentha thupi mpaka kukwera kwambiri, kutsokomola komwe kumapitirira mpaka miyezi iwiri kuchokera pakubwezeretsa, kupweteka pachifuwa mukakomoka, thukuta, kufooka, kutopa, kulephera kudya, khungu lanu limazindikira, kupweteka pamtima komanso kuvutika kupuma, khungu limakhala lotuwa (pafupifupi mphuno ndi milomo.

Chithandizo cha chibayo mwa odwala ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe

Kupereka mankhwala othandizira ndi njira yayikulu yothandizira pakukula kwa chibayo mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, adokotala ayenera kuganizira zifukwa ziwiri:

kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa matupi awo sagwirizana.

Pochiza chibayo, kuphatikiza asymptomatic, limodzi ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena ochepera, mankhwalawa monga Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin azikhala oyenera, chifukwa amaloledwa ndi odwala.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, wodwalayo ayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kupewa mawonekedwe a zovuta ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Komanso, katswiri amatha kuperekera mankhwala a analgesics, othandizira chifuwa ndi mankhwala oletsa kubereka.

Matenda a shuga

Mpongozi wanga wamwamuna, wazaka 22, ali ndi chibayo chimodzi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Shuga ndi magawo 8, kutentha kwatatha kale masiku 4 39, patsiku lachiwiri panali chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi ndi zoyera. Lero atayika kuchipatala, ceftriaxone adawugoneka m'mitsempha m'mawa.

Amakhalanso ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba kuchokera ku amoxiclav (adapita nawo kunyumba kwa masiku atatu). Madzulo mutu udabwera. anagunda ndikuchotsa maantibayotiki. Anatinso dysbiosis iyenera kuthandizidwa ndikupatsidwa mankhwala a bifidumbacterin mu ufa, nystatin pamapiritsi. Tichite chiyani ndi kutentha, ngakhale kusakaniza kosasunthika sikugwetsa pansi. Kodi mutha kupita naye kuchipatala?

Yankho

Funso la kufunikira kosamutsira kuchipatala cha dera limasankhidwa ndi adokotala okha. Zabwino zonse, endocrinologist Titova Larisa Aleksandrovna.

Momwe mungadzitetezere ku chibayo

Ziphuphu ziyenera kumvedwa ngati gulu la matenda opweteka kwambiri komanso otupa a m'mapapo. M'malo omwe siachipatala, chibayo chimatchedwa "chibayo." "Kutupa kwa mapapu" ndi chibayo ndi chinthu chimodzi.

Ziphuphu ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri. Ziwopsezo za chibayo mwa anthu zikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.

Chibayo chimatha chifukwa cha michere yambiri. Microflora imalowa m'mapapu kuchokera ku nasopharynx ndi oropharynx kuchokera kumlengalenga - otchedwa airborne droplet - ndipo pakulakalaka kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu oropharynx (kusanza, chakudya) ndi wodwalayo osadziwa kanthu, ndikuphwanya machitidwe a kumeza.

Pneumococcal chibayo ambiri. Imachitika pambuyo pamatenda oyamba kupatsirana matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus, owonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwamkuntho: kuzizira koopsa, kutentha thupi, kuchuluka, kupweteka pachifuwa, kutsokomola pamimba, nthawi zina wamagazi.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chibayo chomwe sichimayamba msanga, koma mulimonsemo, matendawa amayamba ngati matenda a kupuma, malaise, malungo, chifuwa komanso sputum. Pangakhale zovuta zowawa.

Matenda a chibayo samakhala ambiri, nthawi zambiri pamachitika mliri wa fuluwenza, koma amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Chibayo chimayamba ngati fuluwenza wamba (nthawi zambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima ndi m'mapapo, onenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga, okalamba).

Kwa odwala okalamba, kuchuluka kwa chibayo kumachitika kawiri kuposa anthu achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri zipatala zimachulukana ndi zaka zopitilira 10.

Zomwe zimapangidwira posachedwa ndikusowa kwamadzi - kuwonjezeka kwamadzi am'mthupi: kuchepa kwambiri, thukuta, kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza, kusowa kwa madzi ambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kuchepa thupi, zotchinga zoteteza khungu komanso mucous membranes chifukwa cha njira ya atrophic, kufalikira.

Kuzindikira kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kwa x-ray. Chibayo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto loledzera mowa amapezeka mwanjira yapadera.

Amadziwika kuti kuledzera kosatha kumakhudza chiwindi, m'mimba, kapamba, mtima, mantha, mapapu, impso, magazi, endocrine komanso chitetezo cha mthupi.

Zonsezi zimakulitsa chibayo. Chithunzi cha chipatala cha chibayo chomwe chili pagulu ili la odwala chimasiyana pakumayambika: chifuwa chosalemera, kufooka pang'ono, kupumira pang'ono, kutentha thupi, komanso kuthanso.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chibayo chimadziwonetsa ngati ziwonetsero zofala zamatenda ndikukula kwa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga. Choopsa cha chibayo ndikuti nthawi zambiri zovuta zimawonekera zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwalayo. Izi zimaphatikizapo: kupuma kwambiri, kupuma, mapapo, zotupa za m'mapapo, poizoni wodabwitsa, mtima wam'mapapo mwanga, myocarditis.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala omwe ali ndi chibayo, makamaka, amayenera kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala. Chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka ndi chovomerezeka malinga ndi malamulo onse a pulogalamu yothandizira ndi chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri, kugonekedwa ku chipatala ndikofunikira kuti munthu azitha kulandira bwino mankhwala.

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kutsatira, kudya bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Munthawi ya kutentha thupi ndi kuledzera, ndikofunikira kusunga kugona pakama, kusamalira khungu komanso mkamwa.

Chakudya chizikhala chopatsa thanzi, chokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chakudya chimayenera kukhala chamadzimadzi kapena theka. Mowa wambiri umalimbikitsidwa: tiyi, misuzi ya zipatso, madzi amchere, msuzi.

Ndikofunika kulumikizana ndi ochiritsira munthawi yake kapena kuimbira foni dokotala kunyumba kuti adziwe matenda ake, chithandizo ndi kuzindikira mayendedwe achipatala.

Zina popewa kufinya kwa chibayo: kusuta kufinya, kuyeretsa matenda oyamba ndi matenda, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuyenda mu mpweya wabwino, kupuma nyumba, kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ngati pali zizindikiro zamatenda opatsirana pakupuma pamatenda (ARVI), komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake.