Mtundu wa shuga 1 - chithandizo ndi njira zaposachedwa

Njira zamakono zochizira matenda a shuga 1 ndizolinga zopeza mankhwala atsopano omwe angapulumutse wodwala ku insulin. Njirazi ziyenera kukulitsa kukhudzana ndi shuga ndi maselo, kupewa matenda amtsempha wamagazi ndi zovuta zina za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi matenda a autoimmune, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe ndi kuperewera kwa insulin imodzi m'thupi. Maselo a Beta omwe ali m'malo a endocrine (omwe amatchedwa ma islets of Langerhans) a kapamba amapanga insulin. Popeza wodwalayo ali ndi insulin yochepa, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta sangathe kubisa insulin. Nthawi zina kukayikira zakuyenda bwino kwa tsinde kumachitika chifukwa chakuti kubadwa kwa cell ya beta, komwe kumayambitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a wodwala, sikuti ndi chinthu chongopanganso maselo omwe ali ndi "zosalongosoka" zomwezo mumalovu a Langerhans omwe sangatulutsenso insulin .

Ngati chinali funso la chilema m'maselo a beta, ndiye mwina zingakhale choncho. Koma vuto la autoimmune siliperekedwa kwa maselo achinsinsi, koma maselo a chitetezo chamthupi. Maselo a Beta mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, makamaka, ndi athanzi. Koma vuto ndikuti amapanikizidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Ichi ndiye chilema!

Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji? Kukankha koyamba ndi njira yotupa mu kapamba wotchedwa insulin. Zimachitika chifukwa cholowetsedwa ndimaselo a chitetezo cha mthupi (T-lymphocyte) m'misumbu ya Langerhans. Chifukwa cha chilema pakulemba, ma T-lymphocyte amadziwika m'maselo a beta a osadziwika, onyamula matenda. Popeza ntchito ya T-lymphocyte ndi kuwononga maselo otere, amawononga ma cell a beta. Maselo owonongeka a beta sangathe kupanga insulin.

Mwakutero, zisumbu za Langerhans zimakhala ndi ma cell ambiri a beta, kotero kutayika kwawo koyambirira sikumayambitsa matenda akuda. Koma popeza ma cell a beta samadzikonza okha, ndipo ma cell a T amapitilirabe kuwawononga, posachedwa, kusowa kwa insulin komwe kumayamba kumabweretsa matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga (mtundu woyamba) amapezeka ndikuwonongeka kwa 80-90 peresenti ya maselo a beta. Ndipo pamene chiwonongeko chikupitirirabe, zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa insulin zikupita patsogolo.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa matenda oopsa. Shuga (glucose) samatengekedwa ndi minofu komanso ma cell a thupi. Siikidulidwa - zikutanthauza kuti izi sizimamupatsa mphamvu (glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu pamlingo wama biochemical). Mafuta osagwirizana amadzipha m'magazi, chiwindi chilichonse chimawonjezera mpaka 500 g shuga watsopano. Kumbali ina, kusowa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumalepheretsa kuchepa kwamafuta. Mafuta amayamba kuonekera kuchokera m malo ake osungirako zachilengedwe ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Matupi a Ketone (acetone) amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta aulere acids m'magazi, omwe amatsogolera ku ketoacidosis, mathero ake omwe ndi ketoacidotic coma.

Njira zina zochizira matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 zikubweretsa kale zabwino. Zachidziwikire, ena a iwo sanaphunzirebe mokwanira - izi ndiye zowerengeka, koma ngati zikondazo zatha mphamvu zonse, odwala amatembenukira kwa iwo. Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe zikuyambitsidwa kale mmaiko otukuka?

Chithandizo cha katemera wa matenda a shuga 1

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo pakadali pano, ndi matenda a autoimmune pamene ma T-cell awononga ma cell a pancreatic beta. Malingaliro osavuta ndikuchotsa maselo oyera a T. Koma ngati muwononga maselo oyera amthupi, thupi limataya chitetezo ku matenda ndi oncology. Kodi kuthetsa vutoli?

Mankhwala akupangidwa ku America ndi ku Europe komwe kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta ndi chitetezo chathupi. Tsopano gawo lomaliza la kuyeserera likuchitika. Mankhwalawa ndi katemera wothandizirana ndi nanotechnology yemwe amakonza zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa ma T-cell ndikuyambitsa ma cell ena "abwino" koma ofooka a T. T-cell za Weaker zimatchedwa zabwino, chifukwa sizikuwononga maselo a beta. Katemera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Katemera akupangidwanso pofuna kupewa matenda ashuga, koma zotsatira zachangu sizoyenera kudikirira. Katemera onse adakali kutali ndi malonda.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa extracorporeal hemocorrection

Madokotala a zipatala zambiri zaku Germany samachiza matenda a shuga osati njira zodzisungira zokha, komanso amatembenukira ku thandizo lamakono. Imodzi mwa njira zaposachedwa kwambiri ndi extracorporeal hemocorrection, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngakhale mankhwala a insulin atalephera. Zisonyezo za extracorporeal hemocorrection ndi retinopathy, angiopathy, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin, matenda a shuga komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga.

Chinsinsi cha mankhwalawa a mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena am'mimba ndikuchotsa zinthu za m'magazi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zake zimatheka kudzera pakusintha kwa magazi pamagazi kuti asinthe katundu wake. Magazi amapatsirana kudzera mu zida zamafuta zapadera. Kenako imalembetsedwa ndi mavitamini, mankhwala ndi zina zofunikira ndikupita m'magazi. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi extracorporeal hemocorrection zimachitika kunja kwa thupi, kotero chiopsezo cha zovuta zimachepetsedwa.

Muzipatala za ku Germany, kupukusa plasma kusefera ndi cryoapheresis amatengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya magazi amkati. Njirazi zimachitika m'madipatimenti apadera omwe ali ndi zida zamakono.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe amaphatikizika ndi kapamba ndi maselo a beta

Opaleshoni ku Germany m'zaka za zana la 21 ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndi luso lalikulu pakugwira ntchito. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amathandizidwa ndi kupatsirana kwa kapamba konsekonse, minyewa yake, masoka a Langerhans komanso maselo. Ntchito zoterezi zitha kukonza matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kupatsirana kwa kapamba

Ngati mankhwala othandizira kupatsirana amasankhidwa molondola ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka pambuyo pothana ndi chamba chonse kumafika pa 90% chaka choyamba cha moyo, ndipo wodwalayo angachite popanda insulin kwa zaka 1-2.

Koma opaleshoni yotere imachitika muzovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chiwopsezo cha zovuta pakuchita opaleshoni nthawi zonse chimakhala chambiri, ndipo kumwa mankhwala omwe amapondereza chitetezo cha mthupi kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi wambiri wokanidwa.

Kusamutsidwa kwa mabwalo am'madzi a Langerhans ndi ma cell a beta

M'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, ntchito yayikulu ikuchitika kuti iphunzitse mwayi wofalikira kwa zilumba za Langerhans kapena maselo a beta. Madokotala amasamala za kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zosangalatsa.

Madokotala ndi asayansi aku Germany ali ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo. Maphunziro ambiri ali kumapeto ndipo zotsatira zake ndizolimbikitsa. Njira zatsopano zochizira matenda amtundu wa shuga pachaka zimayamba pachaka, ndipo posachedwa odwala amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso osadalira insulin.

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