Udindo wama chakudya chamafuta mthupi la munthu

Udindo wamafuta.Mthupi, ma carbohydrate (U) amapanga 1% ya kulemera kwa thupi ndipo 50% yaiwo imakhala m'chiwindi ndi minofu, ndipo glycogen imapezeka m'maselo onse amthupi. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, solubility, kuthamanga kwa mayamwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a glycogen, U imagawidwa muzosavuta komanso zovuta. Kuti zosavutaAmaphatikizapo monosaccharides: glucose ndi fructose, ndi zotulutsa: sucrose - nzimbe, lactose - mkaka shuga. Kuti zovuta Mulinso ndi ma polysaccharides: wowuma, glycogen, fiber ndi pectin.
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za Y ndizo:
1) U - othandizira othandizira mphamvu zochokera kuzakudya zosavuta kugaya. Panthawi yoyaka, amatuluka, B, 4 kcal (16.7 kJ). Chifukwa cha U, 55% ya mphamvu zamafuta azakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaperekedwa,
2) mothandizidwa ndi U m'magazi ndi zamitsempha, malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu amasungidwa mu mawonekedwe amtundu wina wa glucose wofunikira pakudya kwatsiku lililonse kwa maselo, makamaka maselo amitsempha,
3) mothandizidwa ndi U, thupi limasunga njira yosungira mphamvu mu glycogen (makamaka chiwindi ndi minofu) yofunikira kupatsa mphamvu minofu yomwe imakhala mabatire akuluakulu amthupi, makamaka usiku, glycogen owonjezera amasintha kukhala mafuta,
4) Muwongolera kusinthana kwa W ndi B, komwe kumasungidwa ndi chakudya chokwanira ndi chakudya chabwino cha Y ndikuthiridwa ndi thupi ndikusowa U.
5) pectin ndi fiber, zomwe sizikumbidwa bwino, koma zimapindulitsa thupi: kuwola mothandizidwa ndi microflora m'matumbo akulu, amapanga microflora ina "yathanzi" mkati mwake, yomwe imalepheretsa microflora ya pathogenic, mmodzi mwa opanga chitetezo cha mthupi komanso gwero la vit. K.
Zofunika mu U ndi 300-600 g patsiku. Kutaya kapamba ndi minofu. Ngati minofu imagwira ntchito (siyinapangidwe, kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi), ndiye kuti kapamba m'modzi sangathe kupirira, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Mukamadwala matenda a U, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa sungunuka mosavuta m'mimba mwa U (shuga) molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa U. Kwa akuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayenera kukhala 20-25%. Kwa okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zaluso, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikuyenera kupitirira 15% (kupewa kunenepa kwambiri).
Magwero W.Wopatsa mphamvu waopatsa mphamvu mu nyengo yathuyi ndi wowuma - mbatata, zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo pazomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika (ku Africa - nthochi). Malinga ndi malingaliro a Pyramid of Nutrition in rational lishe, magwero akulu azinthu azikhala tirigu - buledi wa brown, buwheat, oatmeal, balere, ngale, kugwiritsa ntchito mapira. Magwero a pectin zinthu - maapulo, maula, zipatso za malalanje, kaloti, dzungu. CHIKWANGWANI mumakhala masamba, saladi, zitsamba, buledi wa bulauni, pasitala, chinangwa. Glucose ndi fructose ndi gawo la uchi, zipatso ndi zipatso, pomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ndi madzi. Lactose amachokera mkaka ndi tchizi tchizi.
40. Zoyambira za zakudya zabwino (zaumoyo wathanzi, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso chakudya).Zakudya zabwino - Ndi chakudya chamunthu wathanzi malinga ndi zaka zake, jenda, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso ntchito, ndi gawo limodzi lakhalidwe labwino. Kusamala kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka, m'njira yoyenera komanso nthawi, i.e. mwanjira. Cholinga chake ndi kukhalabe ndi thanzi komanso kupewa matenda oyamba (a mtima, m'mimba, ndi zina) komanso matenda opatsa thanzi.
Zakudya zamagulu azakudya - Izi ndizopatsa thanzi kwa wodwala, momwe zimapangidwira zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena njira zamagulu a odwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa kapena prophylactic. Zakudya zamtunduwu ndi nthambi yamankhwala yomwe imawerengera ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe ndi zakudya za matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mankhwala othandizira- Uku ndiye kudya kwa anthu am'maphunziro ena kapena okhala m'magawo osavomerezeka m'chilengedwe. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mafakitale kapena zachilengedwe komanso kupewa matenda ogwira ntchito kapena am'deralo.
Pansi pazamoyo zopatsa thanzi zokwanira zikunenedwa, i.e. molingana ndi jenda, zaka komanso mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa magawo onse a chakudya, kuchuluka kwake kuli zinthu 50 - B, F, U, mavitamini, michere yaying'ono ndi zazikulu, madzi. Popanga zikhalidwe mu Russian Federation, zinthuzi zidawunikidwa ndikuganizira madera omwe akukhalamo, chifukwa cha zomwe Institute of Nutrition RAMS idalemba "Physiological Norms of Nutrition of Russian Poplication of Russian Federation" (1991). Kutengera zaka, ntchito komanso ntchito, anthu onse agawidwa m'magulu 16 molingana ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi: 3 - ya makanda ndi 4 - azaka zaposukulu, 2 - achinyamata, anthu azaka 5 - opuma pantchito. Kwa okalamba ndikulimbikitsidwa - 1600 kcal, kwa atsikana ndi anyamata - 2200 kcal, kwa anyamata achichepere ndi amayi okangalika - 2800 kcal.
Zakudya zoyenera- Uku ndiko kudya kwazakudya zilizonse zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu angapo komanso oyenera pakati pawo, kofunikira pakulimbikitsidwa kwawo. Malangizo akulu pazakudya zoyenera:
1) pakati pa B: F: Y, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kusungidwa: kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito yamisala - 1: 1.1: 4.1, ogwirira ntchito yayikulu - 1: 1.3: 5 (m'zakudya zamankhwala - onenepa 1: 0.7: 1.5, ndi kulephera kwa impso kosatha - 1: 2: 10),

2) B ya zochokera nyama azikhala 55% yazonse za B, zina zonse - zamasamba.

3) Mafuta onse azipangidwe azikhala mpaka 30% (gwero lamafuta achilengedwe),

4) pakati pa U, osagaya mgawo U uyenera kukhala 75-80% (chimanga, mkate, pasitala, mbatata), kugaya mosavuta - 15-20%, fiber (pectins) - 5%,

5) Chiwerengero cha CA: P: Mg uyenera kukhala 1: 1.5: 0.5,

6) mulingo wa mavitamini oyambira amachokera ku 1000 kcal: vit. C - 25 mg, B₁ - 0,6 mg, V₂ - 0,7 mg, V₆ - 0,7 mg, PP - 6.6 mg (mu chakudya chomwe mwalandira ndikuwongolera hypovitaminosis kuchuluka kwawo kawiri).

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu -awa ndi (1) nthawi ndi (2) kuchuluka kwa chakudya, (3) magawo omwe ali pakati pawo, kugawidwa kwa kadyedwe malinga ndi (4) mphamvu, (5) chakudya choikidwa ndi (6) unyinji malinga ndi zakudya. katulutsidwe ka madzi am'mimba. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi momwe zinthu zilili, kukhazikitsidwa kwa tebulo, kusapezeka kwa zinthu zosokoneza chakudya (kuwerenga, foni). Kulephera kutsatira zakudya kumayipa thanzi ndipo kumayambitsa matenda (gastritis, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa thupi, atherossteosis, etc.).
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kadyedwe: a) kuchuluka kovomerezeka komwe kumachitika pakudya ndi 4-5 patsiku, b) nthawi yolumikizidwa pakati pa Mlingo sayenera kupitirira maola 3 mpaka 3,5 kwa ana asukulu zamkaka zam'tsogolo, maola 3.5-4 kwa ana asukulu zam'mbuyo, achinyamata ndi akulu - Maola 4-5, ndikupereka yunifolomu yamatumbo pazakudya, kuchuluka kwake kwa michere pa chakudya ndi kukonza kwake kokwanira, c) kupatula kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya. Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimatengedwa kamodzi patsiku, makamaka asanagone, zimadzaza m'mimba, zimayambitsa kugona tulo, zimawononga dongosolo la mtima. Kuti zibwezeretse ntchito m'mimba zogaya, zimatenga maola 8-10. kupumula usiku. Chakudya chamadzulo chimalimbikitsidwa maola atatu asanagone.Kugawidwa kwa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku kumapangidwa kutengera zaka, zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, mawonekedwe a ntchito. Ndi zakudya 4 za akulu, mphamvu yofunikira kadzutsa - 20-30%, nkhomaliro - 40-50%, tiyi wamadzulo - 10-25% ndi chakudya chamadzulo - 15-20%. Nthawi 3: kadzutsa - 30%, nkhomaliro - 45-50% ndi chakudya chamadzulo - 20-25% ..
41. Mphamvu zamagetsi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya za anthu ogwira ntchito zakubadwa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito: magulu asanu mwa amuna ndi anayi mwa akazi.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku - Ichi ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu masana.
42. Zofunikira pakudya:
1. Ayenera kukhala ndi zokwanira mphamvu phindu ine.e. kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya thupi,

2. Ayenera kukhala ndi zokwanira zopatsa thanzi mtengo: a) uli ndi zokwanira mankhwala zinthu zofunika pakuchita pulasitiki ndi kayendedwe ka thupi, ndi b) zinthu izi ziyenera kukhala mulingo wina ndi mnzake.

3. kukhala wabwino kuvomerezedwa (zomwe zimatengera kapangidwe ndi njira yokonzekera),

4 ayenera kukhala ndi chilakolako cha kudya ndipo akhale mkulu psychanoleptic katundu (khalani ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa ndi kafungo koyenerana ndi mawonekedwe a malonda, kapangidwe kake, utoto wake ndi kutentha kwake),

5) ziyenera kukhala osiyanasiyana (chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake + pakukonza kosiyanasiyana),

6) ayenera kupanga kumverera kwathunthu (zotchulidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi voliyumu),

7) ziyenera kukhala osavulaza komanso opanda cholakwa mwaukhondo-pathupi pang'onopang'ono (popanda majeremusi, poizoni komanso zodetsa zoyipa).

Piramidi ya Zakudya Zabwino
Asayansi-akatswiri a zaumoyo adapanga "Pyramid of Nutrition". Piramidi imakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka ndi zakudya zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa kuti thanzi lipere. Piramidi ili ndi magulu 6 azinthu zingapo motere: 1) mafuta ndi maswiti (5%), 2) mkaka ndi mkaka (10%), 3) nyama, mazira, nyemba (10%), 4 ) masamba ndi 5) zipatso (30%), 6) buledi ndi chimanga (40%). Gulu lirilonse limapereka tsiku ndi tsiku zofunikira zonse zomwe zili mgululi, koma palibe gulu lomwe lingapatse onsewo. Piramidi ya zakudya zamakono ndizokhazikika pazakudya za tirigu (mpaka 40%), zomwe zimapatsa thupi zovuta zamankhwala, michere ndi fiber. Gawo lachitatu la zakudyazo liyenera kukhala zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zili ndi mavitamini, michere, pectin ndi fiber. Nyama ndi mkaka pazinthu 10% zamagetsi zimapatsa thupi mphamvu zokwanira zomanga thupi, calcium, iron, zinki ndipo osalemetsa mafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi. Mafuta ndi maswiti amatenga gawo laling'ono la piramidi ndipo amayenera kudya kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka, jenda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
43.Zowonjezera pazamoyo (BAA)
Zowonjezera ndizowonjezera pazakudya zathu - zachilengedwe kapena zofanana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa, zomwe zimapangidwira kukonzekera pakamwa kuwonjezera pa zakudya zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito onse ali athanzi (popewa matenda + kuchira + kuti muchepetse vuto la zinthu zoyipa - mowa, kusuta), ndi anthu odwala kuti akonze zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa kapena kuti athetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala angapo, monga maantibayotiki, etc.
Zowonjezera - Izi SIZOONSE! Mankhwala amapangidwa kuti azithandiza odwala, komanso zowonjezera zakudya - kukonza wathanzi ndikuthandizira kuchiritsa odwala. Chitetezo pazakumwa zothandizira kudya (popanda kuchita bwino) chimayang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe a ntchito zaukhondo komanso oyambitsa matenda chitetezo molingana ndi malangizo "Kukhazikika kotetezeka komanso kuthandizira kwa zakudya zophatikiza ndi zakudya" (1998). Chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa zimayang'aniridwa ndi Pharmacological Committee ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Zachitukuko cha Russia ku Russia Federationmachiritsokatundu malinga ndi Pharmacopoeia.
Zowonjezera zamagetsi zimagawidwa muutraceuticals ndi parapharmaceuticals.
Nutraceuticals - Izi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga chakudya (mavitamini, mchere, kufufuza zinthu, ma amino acid), zomwe ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Zolinga zawo ndizosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya.
Ntchito zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zowonjezera zakudya ndi:
1) kuthetsa kuperewera kwa michere, zowonjezera zakudya - izi ndi zinthu zomwe timadwala (Ca, Mg, mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu), chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kumwedwa kuti ateteze zina,

2)nyamula chakudya Kwa munthu wathanzi labwino, kutengera zaka, jenda, masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'magawo angapo a thupi, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunika kuyamwa mopitilira muyeso (mavitamini ndi mapuloteni a osewera ndi opulumutsa, panthawi yapakati, kugwira ntchito kwambiri, kupanikizika, ndi zina).

3)kubweza zosowa zakuthupi zosinthika za chakudya cha munthu wodwala, komanso mukamamwa mankhwala ambiri mukudwala, etc.,

4)kwezani kuteteza thupi mosazungulira (nyengo yozizira - vit. C, eleutherococcus). Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira (ntchito zaubongo, kugaya chakudya, kugonana),

5)bwezeretsa kuchepa chitetezo chamthupi kufulumira kumasulidwa kwa poizoni m'thupi, kusintha kagayidwe kotero kuti poizoni wochepa amapangidwa (adyo kwa wodwala matenda ashuga,

6)bwino thupi kuchokera kudzikundikira kwa zinthu za metabolic (m'matumbo, ziwiya). Awa ndi ma antioxidants - oyamwa ndi ma free radicals oyipa omwe amawononga chitetezo cha mthupi,

7)sintha chimbudzi ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana am'mimba thirakiti - awa ndi ma enzymes, fiber, pectin, mabakiteriya opindulitsa (bifidobacteria) omwe amabwezeretsa kapangidwe kake ndikugwira ntchito kwa matumbo a microflora.

Zakudya zachilengedwe zothandizira pazomera ndi nyama zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso. Amapangidwa moyenera mosiyanasiyana, amaphatikiza michere yokulirapo, motero amakhala odziwika bwino ndi thupi ndipo amakhala ndi chochita chochulukirapo.
Zothandiza kwambiri ndiz mavitamini ndi calcium. Cholinga chachikulu cha michere yopangira michere ndi kukonza zakudya za anthu, kulimbikitsa thanzi komanso kupewa matenda.
Parapharmaceuticals - Ichi ndi theka la mankhwalawo, theka la zowonjezera zomwe mumadya. Izi ndi gawo la chakudya - zidutswa za zinthu zofunika (mwachitsanzo khofi). Mndandanda wawo umaphatikizapo ma organic acids, bioflavonoids, polysaccharides. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zofananira monga zowonjezera zakudya-zopatsa mphamvu (kwa prophylaxis, mankhwala othandizira, chithandizo chazomwezochitika zolimbitsa thupi - kukonza mankhwala, zina).
Makina 44 amodzi mu zakudya (xenobiotic)
Mankhwala achilendo kwa anthu amatchedwa xenobiotic. Mu chakudya chamunthu wamakono pali zambiri za izo (mtundu wa E - pafupifupi zinthu 300). Zoyambira zawo ndizosiyanasiyana. Zina zimawonjezeredwa mwapadera chakudya - monga zowonjezera zakudya kuti zithandizire kuwoneka bwino (nitrate mu soseji) kapena kupereka kukoma kwachilengedwe (kukoma kwa sitiroberi ku yogati). Kuphika makeke, zomata, zopaka utoto, zowonjezera ndi zina zimawonjezera pa mtanda. Tekinoloje yamapangidwe amakono, kugulitsa ndi kusunga zakudya sizingachitike popanda iwo.
Ma xenobiotic ena amalowetsa chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka, yobweretsedwa mwambiri kuti chomera chikulire kapena chothamanga: zipatso, feteleza wa mankhwala (nitrate).Pa cholinga chomwechi, zinthu zingapo zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha nyama (mahomoni, maantibayotiki).
Zoyipitsa zingapo zimalowa mu chakudya chifukwa cha mavuto azachilengedwe: ndi dothi lakuda lakumaso - kuchokera kuzipangika zam'mizinda (cesium, cobalt), ndi makina otulutsa (kuchokera ku mafuta, lead akuyamba kulowa maapulo ndi bowa womwe umakula m'misewu).
Wowoneka wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a xenobiotic:
A) kukhudza: 1) chitetezo chochepa, chokhala ndi poizoni, chifuwa komanso chosangalatsa (ma nitrate mumaphika, omwe amapita mpaka 80% mukaphika msuzi), zimawononga chimbudzi ndi kuperewera kwa michere,
B) imatha kukopa:
1) imatha kuyambitsa gonadotoxic, embryotoxic ndi carcinogenic zotsatira (kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuphika kwambiri - mafuta a mpendadzuwa),
2) imathandizira kukalamba,
3) pa ntchito yobereka: kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa umuna - mwa amuna ndi mazira - mwa akazi.

45.Zofunikira paukhondo kuti muzisunga chakudya komanso kusunga. Migwirizano yamagwiritsidwe

Zofunikira Zaukhondo ku zakudya zamtunduwu zimafotokozedwa ndi Federal Law No. 29 "Pa Zabwino ndi Chitetezo cha Zakudya" (2000), ndi zofunikira pakuyang'anira pakusunga zakudya zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo aukhondo "Zofunikira pa Zakudya Zabwino ndi Chitetezo. Makhalidwe ndi ukhondo ”(1996). Mwachitsanzo, buledi umasungidwa m'makabati kapena m'mashelefu kumbuyo kwa nsalu. Mafuta ndi phala - m'matumba pama mashelufu. Mbatata ndi masamba zimasungidwa m'chipinda chouma, chamdima m'matumba kapena m'mabokosi a T - 8 ° C.
Kutalika Kwazinthu - iyi ndi nthawi yomwe chinthucho chikuyenera kugulitsidwa, mwina chitha kuwonongeka ndikuyamba kukhala chowopsa pamlingo wama mliri, kapena zinthu zake zopatsa thanzi zizitha (kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mavitamini, mchere, ndi zina zambiri zidzachepa). Komanso, chilichonse chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosungirako chili ndi ake magawo ake a kutentha, momwe nthawi yoyendetsera imadalira. Kuti adziwe izi, amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a ukhondo "Nthawi, malo osungira pazowonongeka makamaka" (1986).
Zinthu Zowonongeka Amasungidwa m'zipinda zophika, pokhapokha ngati zosaphika ndi zomalizidwa: nsomba zouma ku (-20 ° C) - masiku 10, ndipo (-2 ° C) - masiku atatu, nyama yobocha pa 0 ° C - maola 48, odulidwa pa 4-8 ° C - maola 12, ndipo popanda kuzizira - monga momwe imaphikidwira. Pa 4-8 ° C, nyama yokazinga, nsomba, nkhuku - maola 48, wowawasa wowawasa - maola 72, mkaka - maola 20, tchizi tchizi - maola 36, ​​vinaigrette ndi saladi sizisungidwa. - maola 12
Zogulitsa zophatikizidwa zimakhala ndi zofuna zawo zosungirako ndi moyo wa alumali. Chifukwa chake, mbatata za peeled zimasungidwa m'madzi osaposa maola 2-3 asanagulitse. Nyama, yodulidwa mzidutswa, imasungidwa m'malo ozizira mpaka kuvala mu boiler. Nyama yopukutira imapangidwa ngati pakufunika. Maphunziro onse oyamba ndi achiwiri ayenera kukhala pa mbale yotentha kwa osaposa maola 2-3. Sizoletsedwa kuphatikiza chakudya kuchokera kuphika koyambirira ndi chatsopano. Asanayambe kugawa, mkaka umawiritsa, kuwuphika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lomwelo.

46. ​​Poizoni wazakudya za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono: toxicosis toxosis ndi toxicoinfection. Mycotooticosis
Poizoni wazakudya - awa ndi matenda owopsa omwe adachitika pakudya chakudya kapena okhala ndi nthangala zambiri, kapena ma sumu, kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa poyizoni mwa anthu. Malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, poizoni wa chakudya akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mabakiteriya komanso osakhala mabakiteriya.Poizoni wa bacteria- amagawidwa kuledzera wa chakudya (PI) ndi toxicoinfections (PTI). Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti adziwe zovuta zamatenda ndi matenda poyambira kufufuza komwe adachokera. Kuti pakhale PI ndi PTI ponsepo, kupezeka kwa zigawo zokhudzana ndi mliriwu ndikofunikira: gwero, njira yopatsira (kuphatikiza zinthu ndi njira zoperekera) komanso chamoyo chitha kugwa. Ndi kutaya kwa chinthu chimodzi chimodzi, poizoni wa mabakiteriya samachitika, ngakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timalowa mu chakudya ndikudya.
Za PIKusamba kokhazikika kumakhala kotchuka patatha maola atatu mutatha kudya mwanjira ya mseru komanso kusanza, kutentha sikumawonjezeka, kapenanso kuchepa, kutsekula m'mimba kulibe kapena kuoneka mtsogolo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa ma tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala tokha omwe siowopsa m'thupi tikamadya chakudya: matenda amayambitsa zinthu zomwe amagwira ntchito yayikulu - poizoni. Ma PIs omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi staphylococcal toxicosis ndi botulism. Kuthamanga kwa anthu ku PI kumatsimikiziridwa ndi boma lotchinga ntchito yam'mimba - acidity yake: mwa anthu omwe achepetsa acidity, matendawa amayamba kale komanso ali ndi chithunzi chachipatala. Ganizirani mitundu iwiri ya PI: ofala kwambiri - staphylococcal toxicosis komanso ovuta kwambiri - botulism.
Staphylococcal toxicosis Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito makeke ndi zonona, tchizi tchizi, wowawasa zonona, nyama ndi masamba masamba. Gwero la staphylococcus wowopsa (pyogenic) staphylococcus mwina ndi wophika wokhala ndi dzanja lodulira m'manja, pakhosi, kapena ng'ombe ya mastitis, pomwe mkaka unalandiridwa. Nthawi yomweyo, pakukhazikitsa njira ya chakudya (alimentary) ya kufalitsa kwa staphylococcal PI, mfundo zomwe zikupereka izi ndi izi: kuphwanya kwaukadaulo wazogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi yayitali yokwaniritsa popanda kuziziritsa (pa T - 25 ° C, tizilombo tambiri timachulukitsa mobwerezabwereza mphindi 20 zilizonse), etc. kupita ku gwero (kulepheretsa anthu omwe amadula mabakiteriya ndi tillillitis kuphika, kuzindikira ndi kudzipatula ng'ombe za mastitis), ndi kusiya njira zopatsirana (kuwona ukadaulo wophika ndi nthawi yakukwaniritsidwa kwake) muli, mkaka wowira, posungira pa kutentha koyenera, etc.).
Botulism mosiyana ndi mitundu yonse ya PI mwakuti pathogen imabereka pansi pa anaerobic. Ndikokwanira kupeza kachilomboka kamodzi komwe kangakhale ndi zakudya zosaphika bwino (bowa, ma pickles) mu zakudya zamzitini, kusuta, kuwachiritsa nyama kapena nsomba, chifukwa zimachulukana kwambiri kutentha, kupangira poizoni wambiri kwambiri. Matenda ali, monga lamulo, osakwatiwa. Patatha maola 2-3 mutadya poizoni, woyamwa m'magazi, mumagwira ntchito yamkati yamanjenje. Potengera komwe malaise, nseru ndi kusanza, kuwonekera kawiri m'maso, ptosis, mydriasis, wodwalayo sangathe kutafuna ndikulankhula chifukwa cha kufinya kwamkamwa, kudzimbidwa kumachitika ndipo kwa masiku 4-8 popanda chithandizo chamankhwala chimachitika chifukwa chomangidwa. Zochizira, anti-botulinum seramu yothandiza kwambiri yamtundu winawake, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wa labotale wamagazi omwe wakumana ndi bioassay pa mbewa zoyera. Kupewa kwa botulism ndikusambitsiratu zinthu zopaka, kuchepetsa kukula kwa nyama mukamaphika, kutentha kokwanira kwa chinthucho malinga ndi ukadaulo.
PTI zoyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe timeneti, tomwe thupi silimayankha nthawi yomweyo. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba pambuyo pa maola 10-20. ndi matenda am'mimba, kupweteka m'dera la epigastric, kutentha thupi, kufooka kwathunthu. Ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono takwanitsa kupanga mankhwala opha poizoni, ndiye kuti kumayamba ndi mtundu wa zakumwa zoledzera (mseru, kusanza), koma kumapitilizabe ndi mtundu wa matenda. Kukula kwa chipatala cha poizoni kumatengera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadyedwa ndi chakudya. Pokhazikitsa IPT, ndikofunikira kudziunjikira mu mankhwala mankhwala ochepa omwe ali ndi vuto, omwe amayambitsa matendawa (ndi kamwazi ndi salmonellosis - 1 miliyoni ma virus). Ndi kukula kwamadontho, kuuma kwa matendawa kumawonjezeka, ngakhale zimatengera kutengera kwa omwe akhudzidwa.
Gwero la tizilomboti titha kukhala wogwira ntchito kukhitchini (kamwazi, salmonellosis) kapena nyama (zonyamula tizilombo - salmonella, mapuloteni, ma protein, zina). Chifukwa chake, ndi njira yotumizira chakudya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kufalitsa kachilombo ka fecal-alimentary (kuchokera kwa anthu) kapena njira zamtundu wafaladala.Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oyambitsanso matendawa zimatha kukhala chakudya chomwe chimakonzedwa ngati PI, komanso mfundo zomwe zimapereka, koma njira zoperekera matenda ndizakudya. Chifukwa chake fecal-alimentary njira (kamwazi, salmonellosis, Esopichia coli) imadziwika pamaso pa matenda ndi wophika, kubisa izi ndipo ngati satsatira malamulo aukhondo (kusamba m'manja osasamba kuphika). Njira yodziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, kudula), imapezeka ndi nyama yosatsuka bwino m'matumbo a nyama yophedwayo kapena nyama yodwala.
Kwa mphindi zoyeserera za IPT, monga kusatsata nyama isanaphe komanso kupha nyama (kuipitsidwa kwa nyama ndi ndodo) komanso kusakwanira kukonza tisanaphike (mafuta a nyama, mapuloteni), osagwirizana ndi malamulo azinyama (ntchito nyama yodwala - nkhumba zosatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyang'anira zanyama) nkhuku), kugulitsa nyama yosakhudzidwa kuchokera ku chiweto chodwala m'maphunziro osungirako (sukulu zoyambirira, masukulu, malo osungirako okalamba, ndi zina), osasunga mfundo zaukhondo za ntchito ya chakudya ndi - kupatukana ndi kuyenderera mu processing mankhwala yaiwisi ndi kuphika. Malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, IPT prophylaxis imakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kupatula gwero la matenda (kuchotsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda am'matumbo, kuzindikira zochitika komanso mabakiteriya othandizira) komanso kupondereza njira zoperekera (ukhondo ndi chowetera nyama pophera nyama, kupatula nyama yaiwisi ndi yophika, kutsatira matekinoloje okonza zinthu ndi nthawi yogulitsa zinthu zomalizidwa, kutentha kobwerezabwereza kwa zinthu zomwe zasungidwa, etc.).
Zambiri: Mu 2006, poyizoni 85 wazakudya wokhala ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi anthu 3800 anavulala ku Russian Federation. Omwe amasokoneza a PTI ndi kamwazi, salmonellosis. Poizoni umodzi umagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi akumwa a m'mabotolo omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi, omwe anthu opitilira 200 adavulala. (Ndowe zomwe zimalowa madzi akumwa pachitsime chaukadaulo.) Potere, madzi adagulitsidwa kudzera pa netiweki yogawa ngati chakudya.
Makamaka ndi makina opezeka ndi PTI pseudotuberculosis “Nthenda yafiriji.” Zimachitika mukamadya masaladi wokonza masamba osaphika osaphika bwino (kabichi, kaloti), osungidwa masiku angapo mufiriji kutentha kwa 4-10 ° C. Kutentha uku, wothandizila wa causative wa pseudotuberculosis achulukana pamwamba pa masamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi. Kupewa matendawa kumakhala kutsukidwa kwabwino kwamasamba musanakakonze saladi, ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi yomwe ikwaniritsidwa.
Zakudya za mycotooticoses - Izi makamaka ndi poyizoni wa chakudya chambiri - matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chodya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi ma bowa a microscopic. Mawonekedwe a matendawa sakudziwika atangomaliza kudya. Poizoni ali ndi poizoni wambiri, mutagenic, terratogenic ndi carcinogenic. Pakadali pano mitundu yoposa 250 imadziwika kuti imapanga poizoni pafupifupi 100. Ma mycotooticoses owopsa kwambiri ndi ergotism, fusariotoxicosis ndi aflotooticosis.
Chikhulupiriro - poyizoni ndi buledi wopangidwa ndi ufa womwe umakhudzidwa ndi nthangala za ergot, barele kapena tirigu. Matendawa amapezeka mwa kugwidwa kapena gangrenous tonsillitis. Kupewa ndiko kuyeretsa kwa tirigu kuchokera ku ergot ndikuwunika zomwe mafangayi amapezeka.
Fusariotoxicosis chimapezekanso mukamadya mkate, koma wopangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wakucha, wotenthedwa m'munda kapena wosungidwa bwino.Matendawa amadziwoneka mu mawonekedwe a euphoria ndi kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe (munthu ali ngati woledzera), ndiye kuti matenthedwe a pharynx amayamba kuyatsidwa, ndikutsatira necrosis, zotupa zimatuluka pakhungu, ndipo mawonekedwe a magazi ndi ziwalo zamkati zimakhudzidwa. Kupewa kumakhala kukolola munthawi yake, kuchotsa mbewu zomwe zakhala zikuwoneka m'munda kuti zisadutse, kuteteza chinyezi komanso kusungunuka kwa tirigu panthawi yosungirako.
Aflotoxins zofalitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - nyemba, ufa wa mkaka, nyama, mtedza, tirigu, rye, mpunga, ndi zina zambiri. Vuto lonse mu kuchuluka kwawo, mwachitsanzo, mumapichesi awo sayenera kupitirira 30 mcg / kg. Zakudya za ana zokha siziyenera kukhala ndi poizoni. Aflotoxins amapangidwa chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhungu pazisungidwe zazitali za zinthuzi m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Mapangidwe a bowa amathandizidwa ndi zakudya zonyowa. Aflotoxins ali ndi hepatotoxic wamphamvu komanso hepatocarcinogenic. Kupewa kwa aflotooticosis ndiko kusungidwa kolondola kwa zinthu mogwirizana ndi momwe zimakhazikitsidwa.
47.Chakudya chopanda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono

Zakudya za poizoni wazakudya zopangidwa ndi poizoni m'chilengedwe zimadziwika ndi koopsa komanso kufa kwakukulu ndipo zimagawika m'magulu atatu - nyama, chomera ndi chiyambi cha mankhwala.
Poizoni wazakudya chinyama ochokera koyambira, omwe ndi poyizoni, amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsomba zapoizoni zomwe sizikudziwika kuti zikuyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kapena kudziwika, koma kukhala poyizoni panthawi inayake chaka - asanaponye caviar (lamprey). Kupha poizoni kumapangitsanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ziwalo zina zanyama - ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zam'matumbo a adrenal ndi kapamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwe.
Poizoni masamba Zogulitsa ndizosiyanasiyana. Uku ndikuyika poizoni ndi bowa wowopsa - toadstool, kuuluka agaric, mbola, bowa wa uchi wonyenga, chomera zakuthengo - angelica, bleached, mafuta a castor, vinyo kapena kupanikizana komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera kumatcheri obooka, mbatata zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi ng'ombe. Mu zaka zowuma komanso zotentha, poizoni wambiri amatha kuchitika mukamadya bowa womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale - ceps, aspen, boletus (amapezeka m'chigawo cha Voronezh). Chithunzi chachipatala cha poyizoni wazinthu zomwe zimagwidwa ndi chomera ndizosiyanasiyana, molingana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Poizoni mankhwala zinthu zomwe zitha kulowa chakudya ndizosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake mukamagwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zapa khitchini, mchere wamafuta olemera (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ol), omwe ndi gawo la nthawi yamasana mukamawukhira munjira yotsalira, mutha kulowa chakudya. Zinthu izi amalowa mu yankho mukapatsa mphamvu kabichi m'm mbale zachitsulo, komanso m'miphika ya dongo. Matendawa amayamba patatha maola atatu ndi kusanza, kutsekemera kwazitsulo mkamwa, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kuphatikizika kwa magazi m'masanzi ndi chopondapo. Kupewa kwa poizoni kumakhala poletsa kaphikidwe kabichi m'matumba, zitsulo ndi dongo, mumaphika okhala ndi timiyala tating'ono, osasiya zakudya zamzitini mu zitini zotayikira, osasunga zakudya mu mbale zokhazikitsidwa.
Makamaka zoyenera poizoni nitrateomwe amapezeka mukamadya masamba obzala ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nitrate, makamaka m'malo obiriwira, ogulitsa. Nthawi zina zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika m'malo mwa mchere wa patebulo. Pankhani ya poizoni chifukwa cha kupangika kwa methemoglobin m'magazi, chithunzi cha poizoni chikuwonetsa gastroenteritis, cyanosis, kupuma komanso vuto la kugunda kwa mtima, kupweteka.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, poyizoni ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (chlorophos, makoswe, etc.) ndizotheka, pomwe zotumphukira zamitsempha zimakhudzidwa.
M'madera ena a dziko lathu, muzaka zachilendo (kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe), poyizoni wa chakudya amapezeka ndi chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa mwachikhalidwe.Zomwe masinthidwe otere sanakhazikitsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Voronezh, poyizoni wazakudya yemwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zakupha amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito bowa wa porcini ndi boletus wa bulauni. Ku Siberia, pakudya nsomba zamtsinje (pike, perch, pike perch), alimentary paroxysmally toxic myoglobinuria. Matenda amayamba m'dera mwadzidzidzi pazifukwa zosadziwika ndipo amazimiririka. Chipatalachi chimayang'aniridwa ndi kupweteka kwambiri mu minofu, motsatiridwa ndi necrosis, kutentha thupi, kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo kufa kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa diaphragm kapena kulephera kwaimpso, kufa kumafikira 2%.

48.Kuteteza Poizoni wa Chakudya

Kupewa poyizoni wa chakudya kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe adachokera. Poizoni wakupha wopanda mabakiteriya, kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zapoizoni kuchokera ku chakudya kapena kusapezeka kwa zakudya zapoizoni kuchokera ku chakudya, kuphunzitsa koyeretsa kwaphikidwe kwa ophika ndi anthu, ndikofunikira.
Kupewa poyizoni wa bakiteriya kuyenera kuyang'ana mbali ziwiri za mliri: gwero ndi kufalikira kwa matenda. Njira zosalozera gwero la matendaKuchokera mwa ogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yosamalira zakudya, amatumizidwa kuti aletse odwala kuti asakonze komanso kugawa chakudya, kuwaphunzitsa ukadaulo wa kukonzekera kwake komanso zochepa zaukhondo, komanso kutsatira malamulo aukhondo.
Pofuna kupeza magwero a nyama ntchito za Chowona Zanyama: kuyang'anira kuweta kwa ziweto, kutsatira ukhondo ndi ukhondo pa malo opha nyama, kukonza nyama ndi kugulitsa zinthu. Kuika nyama, mkaka ndi mazira a nyama zodwala ziyenera kuchitika motsatira zaukhondo.
Njira zodzitetezera kunjira zopatsira Iyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chosokoneza njira za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa mu chakudya, kupewa kuti ziberekeke komanso sizipweteka. Kuti izi zitheke, malamulo aukhondo wamunthu komanso wama mafakitale uyenera kusungidwa ku malo odyera. Malo operekera zipatala amayang'aniridwa ndi antchito a Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer rights Protection ndi Human Welfare, omwe nthawi zonse amachita mayeso a ukhondo. Imayang'ana makina opangira, ulusi, kudzipatula, zolemba, ndi zina zambiri. Chochitika chowunikira mwaukhondo chimapangidwira, momwe zolakwa ndi mfundo zochotsera, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dokotala wamkulu wa chipatala, zimadziwika.
Kusokoneza njira zopatsira, ngakhale pakuyipitsidwa kwa mankhwala, kuchotsa ndikofunikira zoperekamatenda. Izi zikuphatikiza kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera zakudya, kuphika zakudya zozizira, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, kugulitsa nthawi, kutentha, kuphika, kuphika ndi samatenthetsa, ukadaulo wophika.
Zaukhondo pa anthu ogwira ntchito Chipinda chokongoletsera chakudya ndi phempe ndizofunikira popewa poyizoni wa chakudya. Asanalowe kuntchito, amayesedwa, amafufuza ngati ali ndi vuto la kamwazi ndi matenda a mtima, chifukwa cha kunyamula kwa helminth, kuyezetsa magazi a syphilis, chifuwa cha matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Amapitiliza maphunziro ndikudutsa mayeso pamalo ocheperako. Zambiri zimayikidwa mu bukhu lazachipatala. Maphunzirowa amasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndi 0,5-1 chaka. Odwala omwe ali ndi matumbo opatsirana komanso matenda opatsirana m'matumbo, chifuwa chachikulu komanso matenda opatsirana a chiwindi samaloledwa kugwira ntchito yopezera chakudya. Omwe ali ndi vuto la m'matumbo amayimitsidwa kuntchito mpaka atachira komanso kuwunika kwa thanki 3 yolakwika. Komanso, amayimitsidwa pakuphika mpaka kuwunika koyamba kwa thanki yolakwika ya munthu yemwe abale ake omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba m'matumbo adadziwika.

Maovololo akuyenera kukhala oyera. Mukapita kuchimbudzi, maovololo amachotsedwa pamaso pake ndikupachikidwa pamalo. Pambuyo pochezera kuchimbudzi komanso posinthira ku mtundu wina wa ntchito kupita ku wina, manja amasambitsidwa ndi sopo pang'onopang'ono.

49.Chakudya Chakudya Helminthiasis

Chiwerengero chofunikira cha ma helminthiase amapatsiridwa ndi nyama, nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ganizirani zomwe zikuchitika mu Russian Federation.
Ndi nyamaopatsirana - teniidosis, trichinosis ndi echinococcosis.
Teniidosis Matendawa amatenga kachilombo pakudya nyama yokhala ndi ma tapeworm a Chifinishi: kuchokera ku nkhumba - zida za nkhumba zankhondo ndi ng'ombe - ng'ombe yam'madzi yopanda zida. M'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amunthu, matipi amafika 30 m kutalika. Mazira ake amawachotsa ndowe, akupatsira nthaka, ndi ng'ombe kuchokera pamenepo. Katetezedwe kamakhala pokonzanso madera ambiri, kuwongolera kwachinyama komanso ukhondo wa nyama, kuphika nyama m'malo osaposa 2 kg, kuzindikira komanso chithandizo cha odwala pakati pa anthu komanso maphunziro azachipatala.
Trichinosisamatenga kachilombo podya nkhumba kapena nyama. Mwa anthu, helminth imawononga diaphragm, imapangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta. Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Katemera ndimaphunziro apadera a nyama ataphedwa chifukwa cha Trichinella, kuchotsedwa kwake ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwachotsa kwaukadaulo (zakudya zamzitini).
Zambiri:Kugawidwa kwa nyama zamtunduwu pakati pa nyama kumakhala kofala. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwapakati pa Center kugulitsa shawarma, kebabs ndi ma pie ku Moscow kumavumbula mazana mazana a milandu ya finnosis ndi milandu yapadera ya trichinosis mu nkhumba, ng'ombe ndi mwanawankhosa. Cholinga cha izi ndikufalikira kwa malonda osaloledwa mu nyama yokonzedwa ndi njira yodulira manja komanso osadutsa oyang'anira zanyama.
Echinococcosismunthu amatenga kachilombo ka kudya chiwindi ndi mapapu amtchire (moose, deer) kapena nyama zapakhomo (mbuzi, nkhosa, ng'ombe) yemwe ali ndi vuto la chikhodzodzo. Koma nthawi zambiri munthu amatenga kachilombo chifukwa chovala nyama zapakhomo, kudzera m'mizere, masamba, zipatso, zomwe zimachokera ku ubweya wakudwala, kapena m'manja mwauve ndikamagalu agalu opatsirana, makamaka ana akuvutika. Mwa anthu, ziwalo zomwezi zimawonongeka, zimapangitsa kutsika kwambiri kwa thupi. Nyama yokhayokha, yomwe ili ndi mphutsi, siyowopsa. Monga njira yodzitetezera, ndikokwanira kudula matuza okhala ndi chiwindi ndi mapapo, ngati ndi ochepa. Ngati pali thovu yambiri - nyamayi imakanidwa kwathunthu ndipo imawonongeka.
Ndi nsomba nthenda yotheka ndi diphyllobothriasis ndi opisthorchiasis. At diphyllobothriasis riboni yotambalala imamera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amunthu, ndikuyambitsa magazi m'thupi. Imapezeka mu nsomba zam'madera a Baltic, Karelia, Siberia ndi Far East. At opisthorchiasis - mphaka thuku limakhudza chikhodzodzo mwa munthu, zimayambitsa cholecystitis. Amatenga kachilombo ka kudya mazira ndi nsomba za mumtsinje wosayidwa - pike, crucian carp, ndi carp. Kupewa matenda kumatengera kukazinga, kuwira kapena kuwiritsa nsomba.
Masamba ophika, makamaka kumadera akumidzi, ndi omwe amapitilira kuzungulira ndi nyongolotsi. Nthawi zambiri, mazira a helminths amapezeka anyezi, parsley, katsabola, radish, kaloti. Matumbo akulu amakhudzidwa, koma thupi lonse limavutika. Katetezedwe kamapangidwira poyeretsa m'derali, kupewa kuthira manyowa ndi ndowe kapena manyowa osapukutidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo aukhondo, kutsuka masamba asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito, makamaka omwe amagulidwa pamsika, kuzindikiritsa komanso kuchiza odwala pakati pa anthu komanso maphunziro azachipatala.

50 Matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha zakudya: matenda a kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda operewera kwambiri m'thupi
Kukwanira bwino kwa zakudya kumaweruzidwa chakudya chamagulu bambo - mkhalidwe wake wathanzi, wopambana ndi maziko azikhalidwe zamakolo motsogozedwa ndi zakudya zenizeni. At mulingo woyenerazakudya - thupi limagwira ntchito popanda masoka. At owonjezeraZakudya zopatsa thanzi, thupi limalandira chakudya chochulukirapo. Sikokwanirathanzi limapezeka ndi kuchuluka kapena koyenera kusowa kwa zakudya.M'magawo onse awiri, thupi limachulukitsa, pali kuphwanya minofu ndi ntchito za thupi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino, thanzi ndipo, pamapeto pake, zimabweretsa matenda. Mavuto azakudya amatha kugawidwa 3 magawo:
1)ulemu wotsika - imadziwonetsera kuchepa kwa mphamvu yosunthika ya thupi kukhala munthawi yocheperako komanso magwiridwe antchito ("osasaka" ... kudzuka, kudzuka, kugwira ntchito, ndi zina - - m'malo mwake: "dzukani mukaimbe!"). Kuwongolera mkhalidwewu ndikusintha zakudya: kuwonjezera kudya zakudya zomwe zikusowa ndikutsatira malangizidwe pakuyang'ana zofunika pamoyo wabwino,

2)udindo wammbuyo- Zophwanya zakuya zimadziwika. Mphamvu yosinthika ya thupi mwanjira yozizira ndi ma herpes yachepetsedwa. The biochemical magawo a magazi ndi mkodzo, mankhwala otsimikiza, komanso magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo (chimbudzi, minofu, mtima) amachepetsa. Milandu ikamayendayenda nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi matendawa (locus morbi - onani mutu 3). Zowongolera, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro kuti athane ndi otsika sikukwanira. Zakudyazo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndikudya zakudya zoyenera:

3)mkhalidwe wa morbid (wa matenda)- chikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zamatenda, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya zina. Kuwongolera kwa gawoli kumafunikira, kuwonjezera pakusintha zakudya komanso kuphatikiza zakudya zowonjezera, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kuzindikira matenda operewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumachitika molingana ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala, mayeso a labotale magazi ndi mkodzo - mwa kukhalapo kwa zinthu zotsiriza za kagayidwe, miyeso ya kutalika ndi kulemera, kuwunika kogwira magwiridwe antchito amanjenje, mtima ndi chimbudzi. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, kuwunika kokwanira kwa chakudya, kuchepa kwake kapena kuchuluka kwake kumachitika ndipo pulogalamu yodyetsa odwala imamangidwa. Ganizirani mawonetsedwe a kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwakudya m'zakudya zazikuluzikulu - madzi akumwa, B, F, U, michere ndi mavitamini.
Kumwa madzi. Munthu ndi 70% madzi, motero kuchepa kwa 5-10% kwamadzi kumabweretsa zovuta zowawa, ndipo 20% imatsogolera kuimfa. Tsiku lililonse amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osachepera 1.5-2 malita.
At kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono chimbudzi cha zinthu zamafuta okhala ndi mkodzo amachepetsa ndipo zimakhala mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati, kudzimbidwa, kupweteka kwa mutu, zotupa pakhungu, ndi zina zotere. Matenda a acidosis amapangidwa m'magazi, omwe amalimbikitsa kukalamba kwa thupi ndi kupezeka kwa "matenda okalamba."
Zakumwa zoledzeretsa (madzi, mowa) amachepetsa magazi, kusamutsidwa kwa okosijeni kumacheperachepera, munthu amafoka, mtima umalimbana mwamphamvu. Magetsi owonjezera omwe amapitilira nthawi yayitali amasintha mitsempha yamagazi, impso ndi mtima ("mtima wamphongo" umapangidwa). Munthawi yachilimwe, kumwa kwambiri kumathandizira m'mimba, kumapangitsa kuti matumbo azitha kulowa mosavuta (matenda otsegula m'mimba. Kumwa mosapweteka kulibe vuto: thukuta likukula kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti madzi akumwa wamba sindiwo njira yabwino yothetsera ludzu lanu. Pakutentha, thupi limataya mchere wambiri (16 g pa thukuta) kuposa momwe limalandirira (10-15 g patsiku), zomwe zimakhumudwitsa mchere. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro aukhondo kwa ogwira ntchito m'masitolo otentha akuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha ndi 0,5% sodium chloride solution. Mchere umathandizira kuti madzi asungidwe m'thupi (zakudya zamchere), pomwe mchere wam potaziyamu ndi calcium umachotsa madzi m'thupi (ma apricots, zoumba). Beer simathetsa ludzu, ndipo mowa womwe umalimo umapatsa mphamvu mkondowo thupi.
M ludzu ndimomwe zimachitika mkati mwa mitsempha muubongo kutsika kwa madzi mthupi, koma nthawi zambiri imanyengedwa: kuwongola madzi pang'ono ndikachedwa mkamwa, tiyi wobiriwira, zakumwa, madzi otumphukira - mwachangu kukhazikitsa pakati pa mitsempha kuposa chidebe chamadzi otentha kapena otentha.Pamwamba pa 12-15 0 C madzi samachotsa ludzu.
Pazakudya zamatenda opatsirana, matenda a chimfine, chiwindi ndi matenda amisili amathandizira kukhathamira, ndipo matenda amtima ndi impso amachepa. Madzi ozizira pamimba yopanda kanthu amalimbitsa mphamvu yamatumbo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chopondapo ndi kudzimbidwa.

51. Udindo wama mavitamini m'miyoyo ya anthu, gulu lawo. Hypo - ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini, zomwe zimayambitsa.
Mavitamini ndi mankhwala achilengedwe ofunikira omwe thupi limafunikira pang'ono komanso limapereka ntchito zake. Amatenga nawo mbali mu machitidwe onse ofunikira, pokhala mbali ya mitundu yonse ya enzyme. Ngati B ndi njerwa, W ndi Y ndi mphamvu zomwe zimayendetsa njerwa izi, ndiye ma enzyme ndi zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa kayendedwe kawo, kakulidwe, ndi kulumikizana kwawo.
Ganizirani za mavitamini ofunikira.
Vitamini C - mavitamini onse omwe amafunidwa kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Imalimbitsa ndi kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, imachepetsa mphamvu ya zotupa, imatenga nawo kaphatikizidwe ka collagen, imalimbitsa michere yama joints, imathandizira kuchira kwa maselo pakuwonongeka. Chofunikira cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 80-100 mg, kwa osuta - 150 mg patsiku
Mavitamini B sinamizidwe kagayidwe mu khungu, sinthani ntchito ya m'mimba thirakiti, kulimbitsa mantha dongosolo, makamaka:
Vitamini B1. imayendetsa kagayidwe ka chakudya, mphamvu zamagetsi zochokera kwa iwo.
Vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mafuta, chakudya, komanso mapuloteni.
Vitamini B5 imagwiranso ntchito yamanjenje, ma adrenal gland ndi chithokomiro, amatenga nawo mbali popanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi.
Vitamini B9 (folic acid) amawongolera njira yogawa maselo ndi kubereka, amatenga nawo mbali mumapuloteni.
Vitamini B12 amatenga nawo mbali popanga maselo ofiira am'magazi, minyewa yolumikizana komanso kukula kwa thupi, makamaka kwa azinyama.
Zofunikira za mavitamini tsiku lililonse: Mu₁ - 2 mg, V₂ - 2,5 mg, V₅ - 10 mg, V₆ -3 mg, B₉ - 0,4 mg, V₁₂ - 0,005 mg.
Vitamini A amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzanso khungu, amathandizira maonedwe owoneka bwino, amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi motsutsana ndi matenda opatsirana, komanso kupewa kukalamba. Chofunikira masiku onse ndi 2 mg.
Vitamini E - Imalepheretsa kukalamba msanga, imathandizira thupi kuyamwa oxygen. Chofunikira patsiku ndi 15 mg
Vitamini D kuphatikiza calcium, imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mafupa ndikulimbitsa, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Chofunikira tsiku lililonse ndi 250 mg
Mavitamini amagawanikapa mafuta ndi madzi sungunuka. Mavitamini osungunuka ndi madzi - Vit. C ndi Vit. magulu B - sasungidwa ndi thupi ndipo amachotsedwa mmasiku a 1-4, chifukwa chake, ayenera kulandiridwa tsiku lililonse. Mavitamini sungunuka m'mafuta - A, D, E, K - amasungidwa nthawi yayitali mumankhwala amthupi komanso m'chiwindi.
Zaumoyo wabwino mavitamini ndi michere. Kuchulukitsa kwa Vitamini amodzi kapena kufufuza zinthu kumayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi kuchepa kwake. Zochita za mavitamini ena zimalimbikitsidwa akamatengedwa limodzi (kugwirizanitsa): vit. C ndi vit. P (bioflavonoids) Nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza kwamavitamini ena kumawonjezera mphamvu zawo: vit. Ndipo zimafooketsa mat. D ndikuthandizira kugawa kwa vit. C, Vit. D imafooketsa mat. Ah, Vit. E imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa vit.A, vit. C imachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa vit. Ndipo, maantibayotiki amaletsa mayamwidwe ndi machitidwe a vit. Ndi
Nthawi zambiri, anthu onse atero kuipa vitamini kapena wina, wotchedwa hypovitaminosiskumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi, kukana kwa thupi pazinthu zoyipa, kugwira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukamamwa mankhwala akuluakulu a mavitamini owonetsa, hypervitaminosiskuyambitsa kukhumudwa kwakukulu kochita kwa ziwalo zamunthu ndi ziwalo zonse. Kusowa kwathunthu kwa vitamini kumabweretsa kusowa kwa vitamini - matenda omwe ali ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypo- komanso vitamini akusowa ndizosiyanasiyana:
1) kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, 2) kuletsa kwamatumbo microflora (dysbiosis) yotulutsa mavitamini, 3) mayamwidwe osavomerezeka a mavitamini, 4) kuchuluka kwa mavitamini pa nthawi ya matenda kapena kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri, etc.

52. Minerals, macrocell ndi ma microelements, udindo wawo mthupi la munthu
Selo iliyonse yamoyo imafunikira mchere kuti ugwire ntchito bwino ndikukula, chifukwa chake ndi gawo lofunikira la chakudya. Zinthu zophatikiza zimabwera ndi chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'deralo.
Ma mineral amagawidwa kukhala opikulitsa komanso ma microelements, kutengera zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati macronutrients amafunikira patsiku kwa gramu, ndiye ma micronutrients ndi milligram
Ndi kuwonongeka kwa dothi (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakukula kwachulukidwe monga mbatata, mbewu, nkhaka kwa zaka zambiri pazomera zapakhomo), zomwe zimapezeka mu nthaka m'nthaka zimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zatha zawo zomwe sizipezeka muzomera komanso kufooka m'thupi la anthu zomwe zimawadya.
Macronutrients - calcium, magnesium, sodium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous (zinthu 5).
Calcium - Amapereka mapangidwe a mafupa ndi mano, amatenga gawo mukulimbirana kwamatumbo ang'onoang'ono, kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi minyewa. Chofunikira tsiku lililonse ndi 900 mg.
Potaziyamu - imapereka kufalitsa kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake mu chidwi cha mtima, imasunga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chofunikira masiku onse ndi 400 mg.
Magnesium - Kuphatikiza calcium ndi phosphorous, imatenga nawo mbali pakukula ndi kukonza mafupa, minofu, minofu, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Chofunikira masiku onse ndi 400 mg.
Phosphorous - pamodzi ndi calcium zimathandizira kukula kwamafupa ndi mano, zimapatsa kagayidwe. Kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 1250 mg.
Tsatani zinthu - boron, germanium, chromium, chopingidwa, ayodini, chitsulo, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, cobalt, silicon, sulfure, vanadium ndi zinc (zinthu 14).
Chuma - amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a hemoglobin, kayendedwe ka okosijeni ndi maselo ofiira am'magazi ndikulowetsa minofu. Kufunika kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi 15 mg.
Cobalt - amachita ndi vitamini B₁₂, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchepetsa mitsempha ya mtima. Zofunikira za tsiku lililonse sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Selenium - Pamodzi ndi vitamini E amateteza chitetezo chathupi, amatenga nawo mbali kapamba ndi prostate, chifukwa antioxidant wamphamvu amaletsa ukalamba. Chofunikira patsiku ndi 0,5 mg.
Chrome - timapitiriza zochita za insulin. Chofunikira patsiku ndi 0.25 mg.
Zinc - amatenga nawo mbali pancreas ndi gonads, amalimbikitsa kuchiritsa mabala ndi kuwotchedwa. Kufunika kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi 15 mg.
Fluorine - amalimbitsa mafupa ndi mano. Chofunikira patsiku ndi 0,5 mg.
Udindo wa macro- ndi ma microelements mthupi
1) kugwira ntchito zapulasitiki - ndizofunikira kuti mapangidwe a khungu apangidwe, apatseni mphamvu za protoplasm (phosphorous, sulfure), onetsetsani kukula ndi kubwezeretsa kwa minofu yonse.
2) ndi gawo lamadzi amthupi, magazi ndi mafupa, kuonetsetsa kuti mafupa, minofu, mitsempha, mtima, matumbo, ndi zina zambiri.
3) kukhalabe osmotic kuthamanga mu zimakhala, acid-maziko bwino ndi mchere zikuchokera magazi ndi zamitsempha,
4) lowetsani kapangidwe ka michere monga mavitamini, kupereka ntchito zonse za thupi, kuphatikiza kagayidwe, kupangira mphamvu, kukula, kuchiritsa, kusilira mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.
Zinthu zina zam mchere, zomwe zimatengedwa ndi zinthu zina, zimatha kusokoneza mgwirizano: * chitsulo ndi vit. E siimakamwa, * calcium imapangitsa kuti mayamwidwe azitsulo azikhala ovuta, chifukwa chake kukonzekera kwachitsulo sikungatsukidwe ndi mkaka, pomwe kuyamwa kwake kumafunikira chiwerengero cholondola ndi phosphorous ndi magnesium, * magnesium ndi calcium sizimayamwa muyezo waukulu nthawi yomweyo - thupi lidzasankha chinthu chimodzi chokha, * mukamamwa calcium, potaziyamu wabwino umachulukana, motsutsana ndi calcium ndi chitsulo zimangomwa pang'ono.

2) posankha zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito njira yomwe wodwala amayenera kugwiritsira ntchito: kugona mokwanira (kugona pang'ono), zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu. Koma, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zokwanira kalori ziyenera kutsimikizika (molingana ndi ndime 1),

3) zofunikira zathupi za B ndi mavitamini ziyenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa kuperewera kwawo kumakhudza njira zobwereza (kuchira): kutsika kwa B kumakhala 1 g / kg ya wodwala. Komanso, 50% B iyenera kukhala mwa mtundu wa nyama. M'matenda ena (amayaka), kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa kudya kwa B (msuzi wa nkhuku) ndikofunikira,

4) iyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za wodwalayo. Zakudya zamafuta ambiri - zipatso zosaphika, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, amadyera - zimapezekanso mavitamini ndi michere. Cholinga chokwanira chazakudya zowonjezera - mavitamini ndi mchere wamchere - mpaka mulingo wazikhalidwe, ndi zinthu zina (vit. C, A.E ndi Ca) komanso mopitilira muyeso,

5) kukonza kwapakhosi, kusinthasintha kwa chakudya ndi zakudya zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe wodwalayo amadwala,

6) muzakudya komanso zamafuta othandizira, gwiritsani ntchito njira yochepetsera mukagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku osiyanitsa (m'malo mwa zakudya zowonjezera ndi zosasamalitsa zochepa), ndi masiku omasuka (osasala kanthu kapena kuti asalale kwathunthu).

Pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda, zakudya zambiri zapangidwa. Mdziko lathuli, njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imalola kuthandiza ambiri nthawi imodzi ndimatenda amodzi. Ndi matenda omwewo, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zitha kutumikiridwa poganizira momwe matendawa + amakhalira matenda +. Gulu lapadera limakhala ndi ziro kapena zakumwa za opaleshoni, komanso kutsitsa (tiyi, chivwende, ndi zina), zakudya zapadera (magnesium, potaziyamu) ndi probe (madzi, theka-lamadzi).

55. Zotsatira zaukhondo
Malinga ndi nkhani 222 ya Labor Code of the Russian Federation (2001), pantchito yovulaza, wolemba ntchito amakakamizidwa kupereka kwaulere kwa iwo antchito kwaulere, malinga ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa, chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa (LPP). Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa BOB cholinga chake ndi:
1) Kuletsa kuyamwa kwa zinthu zapoizoni wamafuta m'matumbo,

2) Kuchedwa kwawo kulowa m'magazi,

3) Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa thupi

4) inapititsa patsogolo kutalikirana komanso kuthetsa thupi.

Amaganiziridwa kuti chithandizo chokwanira chokwanira chokwanira komanso prophylactic zakudya zimachepetsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zalowa mthupi, zimathandiza thupi kuzichotsa, zimawonjezera kukana kwa thupi ndikuzithandiza kupewa matenda ogwira ntchito.
Zakudya za LPP zimatengera kupezeka kwa zinthu zovulaza pakupanga kwina.
Mndandanda wa mafakitale, maudindo ndi maudindo, ntchito yomwe imapatsa ufulu kulandira LP yaulere, yovomerezedwa ndi Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia pa Marichi 31, 2003 Na. 14.
Mndandanda wazinthu zoyipa zopangamchikakamizo chomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka kapena zinthu zina zofananira pakufunikira kuvomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russian Federation pa Marichi 28, 03, No. 126.
Mitundu ya nkhani mkaka ndi zakudya zofanana ndi zomwe zidavomerezedwa ndi Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation ya Novembara 29, 2002 N. 849 "Pa njira yovomerezeka ndi magawidwe antchito aulere kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito mikhalidwe yoyipa, mkaka kapena zakudya zina zofanana, komanso mankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa zakudya ".
Anapanga mitundu isanu ya zakudya BOB - kuchokera pa Nambala 1 mpaka No. 5 ndi mtundu wazinthu zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa. Zitha kuphatikizapo mkaka kapena zakudya zofanana (kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, dzira, nsomba). Mwachitsanzo: mkaka umaperekedwa kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mkaka wowawasa wowawasa ndi ma jams - kwa iwo omwe akugwira ntchito ndi lead, mavitamini - kwaogulitsa m'masitolo otentha, etc.BOB ikhoza kuperekedwa m'mabizinesi amtundu wa zopumira zotentha pamaso pa ntchito kapena nkhomaliro, momwemo imatha kuperekedwa pamaziko a menyu a masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. BOB siinaperekedwe ndipo silimalipiridwa kumapeto kwa sabata, patchuthi, paulendo waku bizinesi, pamasiku odwala.

56. Zolemba zikuluzikulu ndi malamulo pazokhudza chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito mu Russian Federation
Ufulu wogwira ntchito zotetezeka komanso kubwezera zomwe zawonongeka chifukwa chaumoyo pantchito ndizotsimikizidwa ndi Constitution ya Russian Federation (Disembala 12, 1993). Sinthani

Sanapeze zomwe mukuyang'ana? Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka:

Kodi zakudya zamafuta ndi ziti?

Poganizira funso loti "Udindo wamafuta wamafuta m'thupi la munthu", timayang'anira ntchito zawo.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri mafuta kumapangitsa kuti chakudya chamagulu azikhala ndi zovulaza. Koma amagwira ntchito zambiri zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo:

• mphamvu (mphamvu),
• kapangidwe kake (zigawo za ma intracellular form),
• osmoregulatory (pitilizani kupanikizika kwa osmotic),
• pulasitiki (yosunga michere, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira la mamolekyulu),
• receptor (lowetsani kapangidwe ka ma cell receptors),
• posungira (zinthu zina).

Kufunika kwachilengedwe kwa chakudya cham'thupi ndi 50% -60% ya mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku. (MP 2.3.1.2432 -08)

Mwachilengedwe, chizindikiro ichi chimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zosowa ndi zolinga za munthuyo pakadali pano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli pachigawo chochepetsa thupi kapena kuchepa thupi. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi la KBZhU kudzasiyana. Koma mulimonsemo, pali osachepera omwe sangachepetsedwe. Chifukwa kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta.

Zakudya zomanga thupi mu chakudya

Kuti muwone mphamvu ya chakudya chamagulu pamagazi pamagazi, chizindikiritso chimayitanidwa glycemic index (GI). GI yazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pazakudya zimayesedwa ndi glucose (chifukwa shuga ndi 100).

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhathamiritsa, mafuta onse omwe amadyedwa ndi anthu muzogulitsa zakudya amagawika pawiri:

• “Mwachangu” (zosavuta)
• "Pang'onopang'ono" (zovuta)

Chifukwa chake, udindo wa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi la munthu uyenera kuganiziridwa polingalira za magulu awa.

Zakudya zomanga thupi mwachangu

Mitundu iyi imatha kupatsa thupi mphamvu mwachangu (ali ndi chisonyezo chachikulu cha glycemic). Koma nthawi yomweyo, iyenera kukhala yochenjera ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito.

Mukamadya chakudya "chofulumira", chimakhala chosavuta kulandira. Koma nthawi yomweyo pali kuwonjezereka kwachilendo kwa ndende yamagazi. Kuchuluka kwa monosaccharide chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic njira zimasinthira kukhala triglycerides, womwe ndiye maziko minofu ya adipose.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kusiyiratu chakudya chamaguluchangu. Zakudya zamafuta osavuta m'zakudya zimapezekanso muzomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri pankhani ya kukhalapo kwa mavitamini ndi mchere. Mwachitsanzo, uchi (wachilengedwe), nthochi, zipatso zouma, ndi zina. Ndikofunika kuti mungosankha zosankha zabwino kuchokera kuzomwe zilipo. Komanso, kupeza chakudya chokwanira cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha zovuta kumakhala kovuta mothandizidwa ndi okhawo "osakwiya".

Zakudya zomanga thupi mwachangu muzakudya zimapezeka muzakudya zotchuka komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. Mwachitsanzo, shuga, kupanikizana, confectionery, uchi, makeke, timadziti, madzi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, zipatso zouma, mitundu ina ya masamba ndi zipatso (nthochi, mphesa).

Zakudya zamafuta othamanga mu zakudya zimathandizira kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mopitilira muyeso kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kuwachotseratu kuzakudya zanu. Ngakhale kuti gawo la chakudya chamafuta m'thupi la munthu ndilosatsimikizika, liyenera kukhala lachenjera ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukitsa omwe amadya.

Onerani kanema watsatanetsatane wazokhudza zovuta zam'mafuta othamanga. Momwe mungayang'anire moyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.

Kutenga mphindi 41

Zakudya zowonda pang'ono

Awa ndi ma polysaccharides omwe amamwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosiyanasiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayamba pang'onopang'ono komanso kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mafuta osavuta. Alinso ndi zotsika kwambiri za glycemic indices.

Zakudya zowonda pang'ono mu chakudya zimapezeka kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, amadyera, masamba osapsa, zipatso zambiri, chimanga ndi nyemba, buledi wa tirigu wathunthu, bowa.

Kupanda chakudya m'thupi

Popeza tazindikira kuti gawo la chakudya chamafuta mthupi la munthu ndilokulirapo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chakudya chamafuta. Glucose ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kwa oxidative, imatulutsa mphamvu pakugwira ntchito kwa minofu ndi ziwalo. Chifukwa chake, kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chimayenera kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Ngati kuchepa kwa zakudya zamafuta chifukwa cha zoletsa zakudya, mavuto azaumoyo amawonekera:

• kutopa, kutopa,
• mutu
• kudzimbidwa
• kulemera
• mpweya wabwino
• kusinthasintha, kusachita chidwi.

Zomwe zimapezekanso zamagulu azakudya wathanzi

Zakudya zoyenera zimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito magwero a "mafuta" osakwiya "omwe amapanga shuga okwanira. Choyamba, awa ndi masamba ndi amadyera. Mwachitsanzo, letesi, leki, radish, kabichi, phwetekere, nkhaka, tsabola, zukini, mpiru, swede, radish. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, masamba ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika kufufuza ndi mavitamini.

Zofunika ndizopezekanso buledi, tirigu ndi nyemba (nyemba, anapiye, nandolo). Koma, chokoma ndi zoyipa zomwe zili ndi malo okhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere ndizothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso zatsopano zopanda shuga.

Kufikira mulingo woyenera, nkofunika kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri a GI koma zili ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa. Mwachitsanzo, uchi, zipatso zouma.

Powombera mwachidule mutu "Udindo wamafuta mu thupi la munthu", ndikufuna kudziwa izi. Choyamba, pewani chakudya chamafuta. Chifukwa kusowa kapena kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu kumatha kubweretsa matenda akulu. Kachiwiri, kuletsedwa kwa chakudya chosavuta (chosavuta) sikuyenera kuyambitsa kukanidwa kwathunthu kwa iwo. Inde, zovuta (pang'onopang'ono) zopatsa mphamvu m'zakudya zimagwira ntchito yayikulu mthupi lathanzi. Koma mafuta othamanga (magwero awo opindulitsa) ndiofunikira m'zakudya.

Zakudya zomanga thupi: chemistry yaying'ono ndi biology

Kucokela ku maphunziro a sukulu ya chemistry yachilengedwe, tikudziwa kuti zopatsa mphamvu ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zili zachilengedwe kwambiri ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa nyama ndi anthu.

Zakudya zamafuta zosavuta ndizophatikiza:
Monosaccharides - shuga, fructose ndi galactose,
Disaccharides, kuphatikizapo sucrose, lactose ndi maltose, mamolekyu omwe amapanga ma monosaccharides awiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lazopanga ili limaphatikizanso zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi zovuta kupanga.
Kamodzi m'thupi la munthu, ma michere omwe amachitika mwa ma enzymes apadera amachitika mu njira ya hydrolysis, kuwonongeka kwa monosaccharides. Oyimira osavuta awa a gulu lama carbohydrate amakhala odziunjika kwambiri ndi thupi la munthu, akusewera gawo lonyamula mphamvu lomwe limapereka mphamvu ku maselo a thupi lathu.
Zachidziwikire, sikuti cholinga chokhacho chomanga thupi, chimathandizira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nanga kupusitsika kwa zakudya zosavuta zamankhwala ndi kotani?
Kodi mwazindikira kuti pambuyo pa maswiti nthawi zina mumafuna maswiti kachiwiri? Izi zimachitika chifukwa chimodzi mwazinthu zosavuta zamafuta zikafika m'thupi, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi chimachitika. Komabe, likucheperanso mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, thupi limayamba kufuna gawo latsopano la chakudya chamafuta.

Kodi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi kotani?

Ma molekyulu ophatikizika a carbohydrate amakhala ndi maunyolo atali, momwe maulalo onse ali monosaccharides ofanana.Zakudya zomanga thupi zopangidwa kuchokera ku chomera (kapena polysaccharides) zimatchulidwa kuti:
Wokoma
Cellulose
Pectin.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangika m'thupi la nyama zina (chitin) ndi glycogen, "nyama" polysaccharide, yomwe mbewu zake zimayikidwa m'maselo a thupi, ndikupanga malo osungira "mafuta", ndizophatikiza zovuta.
Zakudya zomanga thupi zophatikizana m'thupi la munthu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mphamvu yonyamula, komabe, njira yolimbitsira mafuta ochulukirapo amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Ma mamolekyulu aatali kwambiri, omwe ali ndi ziwalo zambiri, samakwaniritsidwa mwachangu "kuthyoka", thupi liyenera kuthera nthawi kuti liwathandize, pomwe sitimva njala.
Zachidziwikire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya zamagalasi zovuta zimamwa mwachangu mosiyanasiyana: wowuma amathyoledwa mwachangu, koma mapadi amtunduwu amasinthidwa m'njira yosasinthika.

Zakudya zomanga thupi - gwero lalikulu lamphamvu

Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamagalimoto ndizofunikira, choyambirira, monga gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi ndikupereka mpaka 70% ya mphamvu ya kadyedwe. Njira yolandirira mafuta azakudya zambiri ndizovuta, koma ndi chakudya choyenera, sitikhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa bola pakhale "mafuta", sitikuwopsezedwa ndi kufooka komanso kutopa. Glucose owonjezera momwe thupi limasinthira zovuta zamafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga nyama polysaccharide - glycogen.

Glycogen amachita ngati gwero lalikulu la mphamvu kapena zosunga zobwezeretsera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi kutsitsa shuga.

Mbewu za Glycogen zimapezeka makamaka m'maselo a chiwindi, komanso zochepa m'matumbo a minofu. Thupi likamagwiritsa ntchito glucose yemwe amabwera ndi chakudya, glycogen mthupi limayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "cell mafuta". Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito kagayidwe kabwino, thupi, pokhala chinthu chovuta kwambiri kudzilamulira, limasunga malire pakati pama chakudya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, masitolo a glycogen komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa thupi.

Ngati thupi lilipo kale ndi glycogen yokwanira, koma njira yotsitsa ya carbohydrate ikupitilirabe, glucose owonjezera amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta acids ndikupanga ma deposits amafuta.
Koma chimachitika ndi chiani ngati thupi liperewera m'misika yonse ya glycogen, ndipo sitipereka chakudya chatsopano? Poterepa, minofu yamafuta ndi minofu yathupi lathu imakhala gwero lamphamvu.

Kutha kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zamafuta ngati gwero lamphamvu kumayambitsa maziko onse a "protein" yazakudya zomwe zimapatsa kuletsa kudya kwa mafuta masana. Pogwiritsa ntchito glycogen yonse, thupi lidzawononga ndalama zambiri.

Zowona, monga zotsatira zoyipa, mutha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa minofu kapena mavuto a ziwalo zamkati zomwe sizilandira "zomanga" zokwanira kapena zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu.

Komweko komwe kumakhala michere yambiri

Zakudya zomanga thupi sizimangotipatsa mphamvu, zimathandizira kukhazikitsa ntchito zamapulasitiki zathupi. Zakudya zamafuta zosavuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa ma polysaccharides zimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga mapuloteni - glycoproteins. Izi ndi ma enzymes osiyanasiyana, mahomoni, mapuloteni am'magazi, zigawo zikuluzikulu za maselo, ndi zinthu zina zofunika pakukhudzana kwa maselo ndikupanga chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya, njira zimachitika zomwe zimayang'anira ntchito ya mitsempha, kayendedwe kazinthu zoyenda mozungulira ndi thanzi laubongo.

Komabe, pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi lathu, osati chakudya chokha, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi thupi, komanso cellulose, yomwe imasiya thupi posasinthika, ndiyofunikira. CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu olimbitsa thupi chimalimbitsa matumbo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchotsa nthawi yake kwakanthawi.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yama protein zovuta mthupi lathu ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kukhala gawo lofunikira mu chakudya chathu. Ndikosatheka kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Koma kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic (chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma carbohydrate) ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri. Mwa zina mwazinthu monga confectionery, maswiti, mpunga ndi mikate yoyera.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zamagulu a chakudya zamagulu, zomwe ndizofunikira m'thupi

1. Ntchito yamagetsi.
   Ntchito yayikulu yama chakudya chamafuta mthupi la munthu. Ndiwo gwero lalikulu lamagetsi amtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'maselo. Pakusweka kwa chakudya chamafuta, mphamvu yotulutsidwa imasungunuka mwanjira yotentha kapena yophatikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu a ATP. Zakudya zamafuta zimapereka pafupifupi 50-60% ya mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku yogwiritsa ntchito thupi ndi mphamvu zonse zamagetsi (ubongo umatenga pafupifupi 70% ya glucose yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi chiwindi). Pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a 1 g wamafuta, 17.6 kJ yamphamvu imamasulidwa. Monga gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mthupi, shuga wamafuta kapena mafuta osungidwa amtundu wa glycogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Ntchito ya pulasitiki (yomanga).
   Ma carbohydrate (ribose, deoxyribose) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ADP, ATP ndi ma nucleotide ena, komanso ma nucleic acid. Ali m'gulu la michere. Zakudya zomanga thupi za munthu payekhapayekha zimapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zotembenuza glucose (glucuronic acid, glucosamine, etc.) ndi gawo la ma polysaccharides ndi mapuloteni ovuta a cartilage ndi minofu ina.
3. Ntchito yosungira.
   Zakudya zamafuta zimasungidwa (kudziunjikira) mu minofu yamafupa (mpaka 2%), chiwindi ndi minofu ina mwa mawonekedwe a glycogen. Ndi zakudya zabwino, mpaka 10% ya glycogen imatha kudziunjikira m'chiwindi, ndipo pazovuta, zomwe zili mkati mwake zitha kutsika mpaka 0,2% ya misa ya chiwindi.
4. Ntchito yoteteza.
   Ma carbohydrate ovuta ndi gawo limodzi la magawo a chitetezo cha m'thupi, ma mucopolysaccharides amapezeka muc mucous membranes omwe amaphimba pamwamba pa ziwiya za mphuno, bronchi, kugaya chakudya, genitourinary thirakiti ndi kuteteza motsutsana ndi kulowetsa kwa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina.
5. Ntchito yoyendetsera.
   Ndi gawo limodzi la ma membrane olandila glycoproteins. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka kupanikizika kwa osmotic mthupi. Chifukwa chake, magazi amakhala ndi glucose 100-110 mg /%, kuthamanga kwa magazi zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga. CHIKWANGWANI kuchokera ku chakudya sichikuwonongeka (m'mimba) m'matumbo, koma chimayendetsa matumbo, michere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mimba, kukonza chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe a michere.

Otsatirawa ndi magulu komanso mitundu yayikulu yamafuta.

Magulu ochulukitsa

• Zakudya zomanga thupi zosavuta
  Pali mitundu iwiri ya shuga: monosaccharides ndi disaccharides. Ma monosaccharides amakhala ndi gulu limodzi la shuga, monga glucose, fructose kapena galactose. Ma disaccharides amapangidwa ndi zotsalira za ma monosaccharides awiri ndipo amayimilidwa, makamaka, ndi sucrose (shuga ya tebulo yokhazikika) ndi lactose. Muziwonjezera shuga m'magazi ndikukhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic.
• Zakudya zomanga thupi (zovuta)
  Ma polysaccharides ndi chakudya chamagetsi omwe amakhala ndi mamolekyulu atatu kapena kuposapo a chakudya. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo, makamaka, ma dextrins, nyenyezi, glycogens ndi cellulose. Magwero a ma polysaccharides ndi mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, mbatata ndi masamba ena. Pang'onopang'ono onjezani glucose ndikukhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
• CHIKWANGWANI chosagaya (fiber)
  CHIKWANGWANI (CHIKWANGWANI Chakudya) sichimapereka thupi mphamvu, koma chimagwira gawo lalikulu m'moyo wake. Imapezeka makamaka muzakudya zokhala ndi shuga wochepa kapena wotsika kwambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti fiber imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta (zitha kukhala zothandiza pakuchepetsa thupi).Ndi gwero lazakudya zama bacteria opindulitsa m'matumbo (ma microbiomes)

Monosaccharides

• Glucose
  Monosaccharide, chopanda chopanda utoto wamtundu wokoma, imapezeka pafupifupi m'makina onse amoto.
• Pangani
  Shuga waulere amapezeka pafupifupi zipatso ndi zipatso zilizonse, zotsekemera kwambiri.
• Galactose
  Sichikupezeka mwaulere, mwa mawonekedwe omwe amagwirizana ndi shuga, amapanga lactose, shuga mkaka.

Chotsitsa

• Kubweza
  Disaccharide yophatikiza kuphatikiza kwa fructose ndi glucose imatha kusungunuka kwambiri. Ikangokhala m'matumbo, imang'ambika zigawozi, zomwe zimayamwa m'magazi.
• Lactose
  Shuga wamkaka, chakudya chamagulu a disaccharide, amapezeka mumkaka ndi mkaka.
• Maltose
  Shuga wa Malt imatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi la munthu. Amapangidwa chifukwa chophatikiza mamolekyulu awiri a shuga. Maltose amachitika chifukwa chakutha kwa zodutsa zam'mimba pakudya.

Polysaccharides

• Wokoma
  White ufa, osalowa m'madzi ozizira. Wowuma ndiye chakudya chamagulu ambiri m'zakudya za anthu ndipo amapezeka muzakudya zambiri zosavuta.
• CHIKWANGWANI
  Zophatikiza zamagalimoto zovuta, zomwe ndizolimba zomangira zomanga. Chomwe chimapanga chakudya chomera, chomwe sichikumbidwa m'thupi la munthu, koma chimagwira ntchito yake yayikulu ndi chimbudzi.
• Maltodextrin
  Ufa wa mitundu yoyera kapena ya kirimu, wokoma wokoma, sungunuka m'madzi. Ndi mankhwala apakati a enzymatic cleavage a wowuma pazomera, chifukwa chomwe mamolekyulu okhuthala amawagawika kukhala zidutswa - dextrins.
• Glycogen
  Ma polysaccharide opangidwa ndi zotsalira a glucose, chakudya chachikulu chosungirako, sapezeka kulikonse kupatula m'thupi. Glycogen, imapanga malo osungirako mphamvu, omwe amatha kulumikizidwa mwachangu ngati kuli koyenera kuti apange kusowa kwadzidzidzi kwa glucose m'thupi la munthu.

Zophatikiza zazikulu zopatsa mphamvu za thupi

Gwero lalikulu lama chakudya chamafuta kuchokera ku chakudya ndi awa: zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso zina, kuchokera kwa ophika - buledi, pasitala, chimanga, maswiti. Mbatata zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu mu mawonekedwe a wowuma ndi zakudya CHIKWANGWANI. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi shuga. Uchi, kutengera komwe udachokera, muli shuga ndi 70-80%.

Zida zonse ndizongowongolera zokha. Chodzikanira krok8.com

Kodi ndizotheka kuchepetsa thupi pazakudya zamafuta?

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito shuga wosavuta kapena wopepuka, mumatha kudya thupi, ndipo mafuta ndi zinthu zowola (poizoni) zimayamba kudziunjikira pang'onopang'ono. Kuchokera pano sizimangokhala kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kupha poizoni ndi ziphe wake. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kufooka, nseru ndi kumasuka, imvi khungu ndizotsatira zamtunduwu.

Mukamadya polysaccharides, ndizothekera kutaya makilogalamu 6-7, ngati malamulo ena atsatiridwa. Ndikofunikira kuganizira zolimbitsa thupi, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kalori, chifukwa chomwe mafuta amawotcha. Onani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu, potengera matebulo okhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Zakudya siziyenera kutha: mapuloteni ndi mafuta amafunikira njira za metabolic. Kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zapakati pama 1600 kcal / tsiku.

Yesani kutsatira izi:

• sinthani zakudya zamafuta ndi shuga "osachedwa",
• chakudya mu chakudya iyenera kukhala gawo 1⁄4,
• chakudya chimakhala cholocha, chophika kapena kudyetsa, kuwotchera nkoletsedwa,
• njala itha kumizidwa ndi mtedza kapena mphesa zochepa,
• madzimadzi ayenera kulowa thupi mokwanira, muyenera kumwa kwambiri,
• chakudya chamadzulo pasanathe maola 19 sichikulimbikitsidwa.

Nutritionists nthawi zambiri amabwereza kuti kuchepetsa thupi, kudya pambuyo pa maola 19 sikuyenera kukhala lamulo. Chakudya chimadzaza kwathunthu asanagone. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya komwe kumimbidwa. Zakudya zomwe zimadutsa m'matumbo am'mimba zimasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana, mwa makina komanso enzymatic. Kupukusa kwapakati kumatenga maola 24.Koma ngati usiku mndandandawo umakhala ndi zakudya zovuta kupukusa (mapuloteni, mafuta), ndiye kuti kupukusa kwawo kumakhala kutalitali. Asanagone, payenera kukhala kumvekera mopepuka, osati kulemera chifukwa chodya kwambiri.

Zofunika! Palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi njala nthawi zonse. M'pofunika kusintha gawo lina la zakudya ndi zakudya zina. Ndi masikono ocheperako "ochepa", thupi limayamba kupanga mphamvu pakusowa kwa mphamvu yokhala ndi mafuta osungidwa. Mafuta amamwetsedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa thupi kumakhala kocheperako.

Zakudya Zokwanira Mafuta: Ma chart a Chakudya

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito matebulo a mankhwala opopera? Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka m'mawuwo, mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu ndikuzindikira mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zokonda zimaperekedwa pazinthu zamagulu azakudya m'zakudya (kukonda sizitanthauza kusintha kwa polysaccharide).

Gome lingagwiritsidwe ntchito posinthira kukhala "ochulukitsa" wamafuta pang'ono kuti muchepe kapena muchepetse minofu yambiri mu othamanga. Pazakudya zonse, zakudya izi ziyenera kukhala gawo 1⁄4.

Ndikofunika kuti mupange menyu yanu m'njira yoti muchotseretu zinthu zingapo muzakudya. Zitsanzo za zinthu zovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa zimaperekedwa patebulopo.

Mukamapanga menyu payekha, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Ndikofunika kuganizira mfundo zazikuluzakudya zoyenera ndipo ndikofunikira kumanga chakudya, chifukwa chake ndibwino kupempha thandizo kwa wazakudya.

Zakudya Zotsika za Glycemic Index

Mukasintha zakudya ndikusintha chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wawo wa glycemic index (GI). Ichi ndi chisonyezo cha kuchuluka kwa magawikidwe ndi kusakanikirana kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwawonetsero kumawonetsa shuga wambiri komanso mosinthanitsa. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Pansipa pali malo ogulitsa omwe adakonzedwa kuti akwere GI.

Ndi thupi lalikulu, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga, kukhala chete, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili pamwamba pa tebulo. Koma kwa seti yama minofu yambiri, yomwe idzalowe m'malo mwa mafuta, popanda zogulitsa pansi patebulo ndi GI yapamwamba sangathe kuchita.

Gulu la zinthu zomwe zili ndi "shuga" wopangika pang'onopang'ono

Chifukwa chake, shuga ndi ovuta komanso osavuta. Ngati timayambitsa zovuta kuzakudya ndikuchepetsa zosavuta, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe muli nazo. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo chimanga. Pakudya cham'mawa ndi nkhomaliro, mbewu monga chimanga ndizothandiza kwambiri. Amakwanitsa bwino, chifukwa ndiopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi GI yotsika, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Buckwheat, ngale balere, ndi oats ali ndi mikhalidwe yotere. Koma tirigu wokonzedwa ndi woyesedwa mosayenera sayenera kuperekedwa ku gulu ili (mwachitsanzo, mbewu monga chimanga kapena semolina).

Zopangira mkate ndi gulu lachiwiri. Tikulankhula za zinthu zonse za tirigu. Bulu loyera limakhala ndi chakudya “chofulumira” ndipo lili ndi GI yayitali. Mukamamwa, kumverera kwodzaza msanga kumadzuka, koma kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera kwambiri. CHIKWANGWANI mumakhala zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal. Ili ndi malo otsika. Amalangizidwanso kuti muzidya kumayambiriro kwa tsiku, chifukwa panthawiyi amamwetsa kwambiri.

Gulu lachitatu liphatikiza zamasamba. Muli ma polysaccharides ambiri, makamaka ma fiber, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira muzakudya. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mitundu yonse ya masamba a masamba omwe amatha kumatha nthawi iliyonse masana. Masamba ophika amabweretsa zabwino zambiri, chifukwa mukaphika zinthu zina zabwino zawonongeka.

Gulu lachinayi limaphatikizapo nyemba, zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe ndi ma polysaccharides ndi mapuloteni. Zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimapangidwa zimapangidwa makamaka michere yazakudya. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyemba, nandolo, mphodza. Ndipo wachisanu - wothandiza kwambiri - amadyera.Kuphatikiza pa chakudya, zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, chifukwa chake ayenera kupezeka pagome.

Zofunika! Thupi limafunikira chakudya choyenera. Koma kwa kuwonda sikuvulaza kuphunzira momwe mungathandizire kugaya. Chakudya chimagwidwa mwachangu ngati chaphatikiza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI.

Polysaccharides komanso kuopsa kwa kumwa kwawo kwambiri

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi polysaccharide, zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, kusunga thupi lili bwino. Koma akatswiri azakudya amachenjeza kuti musawakonda kwambiri. Chizolowezi ndikugwiritsa ntchito 3 g mwa zinthu izi pa makilogalamu a thupi patsiku. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mochuluka, ndiye kuti kukwiya kwa chimbudzi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa fiber.

Kupweteka kupweteka pamimba, kutulutsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kugundana m'matumbo ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta ambiri zomwe sizikugaya koma zimakwiyitsa khoma lamatumbo. Anthu omwe akuvutika ndi m'mimba thirakiti ya pathologies amayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masamba osaphika mumenyu.

Zofunika! Pali njira zambiri zopezera zakudya zopatsa thanzi pakudya zamafuta osapatsa mafuta osinthira ndi kusintha kwa zakudya zama protein. Koma izi ndi ngozi zaumoyo, chifukwa thupi limafunikira zinthu zonse zitatu zofunika: mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa chakudya chamafuta kumaphwanya kagayidwe ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatira zosatsimikizika.

Mu chilichonse, ndi zakudya, kuphatikizapo, payenera kukhala kulingalira. Kutengeka ndi zakudya zatsopano kapena zosowa, sitimangoganiza za izi zomwe zimawopseza. Chamoyo si malo oyesera. Komanso, muli ndi imodzi yokha. Chifukwa chake, khalani ndi chakudya chamagulu, funsanani ndi akatswiri azamankhwala ndi madokotala, idyani mosangalatsa, ndipo matenda adzadutsa inu.

Zochitika pa zaka zoposa 7.

Maluso aluso: kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda am'mimba ndi dongosolo la biliary.