Matenda a shuga mu achinyamata: Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Matenda a shuga kwa achinyamata siachilendo. Ngati matendawo sanatenge nthawi, matendawa amatha kupita patsogolo ndikubweretsa zovuta. Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amakhala chifukwa chodwala thupi ndi m'maganizo.

Kutengera ndi makina a chitukuko ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, wachinyamata amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1 kapena matenda a shuga.

Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi mahomoni ogonana amapangidwa mokwanira m'thupi la wachinyamata. Komanso, nthawi zina, njira ya insulin katulutsidwe imasokonekera. Ma minofu ndi minyewa yamafuta imatha kukhala yochepa kwambiri ku mahomoni awa. Kukana kwa insulin kumabweretsa kudumpha pafupipafupi m'magazi a shuga. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale shuga wa mtundu woyamba.

Chifukwa cha zochita za autoimmune, maselo a pancreatic amawonongeka. Izi zimakhudza kupanga insulin. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonedwa mwa ana omwe ali ndi cholowa chamtsogolo. Chochititsa chidwi nthawi zambiri chimakhala kupsinjika, kachilombo, kusuta, poizoni kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba mwa achinyamata omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, komanso omwe amakhala ndi moyo wongokhala, osamudya, komanso amakhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa. Kusuta, kumwa mowa komanso kupatsa mphamvu zomanga zam'mimba kumabweretsa zovuta za metabolic. Insulin imapangidwa pamiyeso yambiri. Maselo athupi samatha kuyamwa glucose omwe amalowa m'matumbo ndi chakudya. Chiwindi chimakhudzidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa glycogen ndikupanga shuga kuchokera ku amino acid ndi mafuta. Mafuta a cholesterol amakwera, chiopsezo cha matenda amtima chikuwonjezeka.

Achinyamata ena amadwala matenda ashuga. Ngati muyamba mankhwala munthawi yake, mutha kupewa matenda a mtundu 2. Matenda enieni opanda ketoacidosis, omwe amachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ntchito ya beta, amapezeka kawirikawiri ndi anthu azaka za 15-16.

Zizindikiro ndi zovuta zake

Kutengera ndi mtundu wamatenda, zizindikilo zoyambirira zimatha kuchitika ngakhale paubwana. Amawoneka pang'onopang'ono kapena nthawi yomweyo. Ngati matendawa sanazindikiridwe munthawi yake, zizindikirazi zimangokhalira kutchulidwa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa mu achinyamata ndi chimodzimodzi ndi akulu.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mu achinyamata.

kumva ludzu ndi njala nthawi zonse,
kukodza kwambiri pafupipafupi,
khungu louma komanso zimagwira pakhungu, kuyabwa khungu,
kuchepa thupi kapena kunenepa kwambiri komanso kudya mokwanira komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi,
ntchito yochepetsedwa, kutopa kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika pamalingaliro (wachinyamata amakhala waukali, wosakwiya, wodera nkhawa),
kusokonezeka m'maso, kugona tulo ndi chikumbumtima,
dzanzi ndi kukokana kwa miyendo.

Matenda a shuga amabweretsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, motero wachinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda amtundu woyamba ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi, wodwalayo amamva kuperewera mphamvu, mseru, komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso mwachangu.

Poyerekeza ndi matenda am'mbuyomu, atsikana amatha kuona ngati malowa ali ndi vuto linalake. Matenda a Type 2 nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi ma polycystic ovary komanso kusokonekera kwa msambo.

Kukula kwa matenda a shuga ndi matenda a insulin nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizikula. Akayamba kulemera, achinyamata, omwe mawonekedwe omwe amafananizidwa ndi madera awo ndiofunika kwambiri, amakhala ndi nkhawa, amakwiya, amakhala ndi nkhawa, alibe chidwi, amadya.

Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikanyalanyazidwa, vuto la hypo- kapena hyperglycemic lingachitike. Mitsempha yamagazi ikukwera kapena kuchepa kwambiri, wodwalayo amasiya kuzindikira. Vuto lotereli limasokoneza thanzi la achinyamata. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, mwayi wa retinopathy wokhala ndi zotupa m'maso umawonjezeka. Poyerekeza ndi matenda am'mimba a shuga, nephropathy ndi microalbuminuria atha kupezeka (kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ambiri mumkodzo). Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a yachiwiri: aimpso ndi chiwindi kulephera, khungu, matenda am'mapapo.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa

Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa payekha, poganizira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi mtundu wa matendawa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa shuga wawo wamagazi. Njira yothandiza komanso yosavuta kwambiri ndi glucometry. Kutengera mtundu ndi njira za matendawa, kuwunika kumafunikira kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri pa tsiku. Shuga wabwinobwino ndi 3.9-55 mmol / L.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta komanso kukhala wabwinobwino, wachinyamata yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amapanga chakudya. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zoyenera malinga ndi zakudya zama calorie ochepa okhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimamwetsa. Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi ndi masamba, chimanga, zipatso zopanda mafuta, mkaka wopanda mafuta. Osamadya chakudya chopanda thanzi komanso mowa. Siyani kusuta. Atsikana nthawi zambiri amatsata zakudya. Ena mwa iwo amaletsa zakudya kwambiri kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Ngati zakudya sizilamulidwa, zizindikiro za hypo- kapena hyperglycemia zimatha kuchitika.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga: Pioglar, Aktos, Siofor, Glucofage. Ndi kupanga insulin yokwanira, chithandizo chamankhwala cha moyo wonse chimafunika. Mlingo umawerengeredwa pawokha. Achinyamata a zaka 13 mpaka 13 a jekeseni amapezeka ndi insulini pazowerengera za 1 unit pa 1 makilogalamu a thupi patsiku. Pafupipafupi, matenda osokoneza bongo amakula - Somoji syndrome. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin pamaso panu yotupa kapena yotupa. Atsikana amafunikanso izi masiku angapo asanachitike kusamba.

Malangizo

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kukhala moyo wokangalika. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumakuthandizani kuti mulingalire matenda anu amisala komanso shuga wamagazi. Chifukwa cha izi, kusintha kwa insulin komwe kumayendetsedwa komanso kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi pakati pa jakisoni ndikotheka. Masewera oyenera ndi kuthamanga, kusambira, kupalasa njinga. Cardio ndi maphunziro a mphamvu ayenera kuphatikizidwa.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta za achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, gynecologist, nephrologist. Kamodzi pachaka muyenera kumalandira chithandizo kuchipatala. Kuti muchepetse shuga la magazi, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya ndikuchita pafupipafupi glucetry.

Hyperglycemia: zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Nthawi zambiri, hyperglycemia ndi chiwonetsero cha kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga. Kukula mwadzidzidzi kwa glucose kumatha kuyambitsa mkhalidwe wa paroxysmal momwe munthu angafunikire chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa.

Zoyambitsa Hyperglycemia

Mwa munthu wathanzi, hyperglycemia popanda chifukwa chachilendo nthawi zambiri imakhala chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic ndipo imawonetsa ngati chitukuko cha matenda osokoneza bongo kapena chiwonetsero cha matenda awa.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magayidwe ashuga kumayambika chifukwa chosowa insulini, mahomoni a kapamba. Insulin imachepetsa (inhibits) kayendedwe ka glucose pama cell membrane, ndipo zomwe zili ndi shuga wamagazi m'magazi zimakwera.

Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa kapamba, kapamba samatulutsa insulini mokwanira, komanso matenda amtundu wa 2, insulini ikhoza kukhala yokwanira, koma pali zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika mthupi ku mahomoni - kukana kukhalapo kwake. Matenda onsewa amayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mamolekyulu am'magazi m'magazi ndipo amayambitsa mawonekedwe.

Zina mwazifukwa izi:

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Madokotala amasiyanitsa madigiri angapo azovuta za hyperglycemia:

Kuwala (zomwe zili ndi shuga - 6-8 mmol / l),
Kati (8-11 mmol / L),
Chachikulu (pamwamba pa 11 mmol / L),
Dziko labwino (pamwambapa 16 mmol / l),
Hyperosmolar coma (wopitilira 55 mmol / L): vuto lomwe limafuna kuchipatala msanga ndipo ndi lakufa.

Ndi matenda a shuga kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumadzuka pang'ono mutatha kudya, koma sikubwerera kwazinthu kwanthawi yayitali. Izi sizimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwapadera muumoyo wabwino, kupatula kuwonjezereka kutopa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito.

Matenda akamapitilira, zizindikilo zimachulukirachulukira. Kusokonezeka kumabuka pafupifupi mthupi lonse. Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia ndi:

Udzu wambiri (polydipsia),
Kuchulukitsa pokodza (polyuria),
Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chakudya choyenera,
Kutopa nthawi zonse
Kuwona koperewera
Kuchepetsa mseru
Pakamwa pakamwa
Khungu lowuma (nthawi zina limayang'ana khungu),
Kuchepetsa khungu kusintha (kuchiritsa koyipa kwa zipsera, kusasitsa abrasions yopanda vuto),
Matenda opatsirana omwe sagwirizana ndi chithandizo chokwanira (otitis media, vagidi candidiasis ndi ena),
Kupuma kwambiri, kupuma movutikira (kupuma kwa Kussmaul),
Kugona
Kumva kuwonongeka
Kusokonezeka kwa mtima
Kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima
Kukakamiza kutsikira
Kuthetsa magazi chifukwa cha glycosuria,
Ketoacidosis (acid-base imbalance in the body, leading to bea).

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losakhazikika la shuga, Zizindikiro zimatha kupitilira zaka zingapo. Ndiulamuliro wa insulin woyenera, odwala amatha kupewa kuwonetsa kwambiri kwa hyperglycemia m'miyoyo yawo yonse, komabe, pazomwezi, zakudya ndi malingaliro a madokotala ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, komanso glucometer payekha. Chida choterocho chimalola odwala nthawi iliyonse kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga mu plasma kunyumba.

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Choyamba thandizo la matenda a hyperglycemia

Poyamba chizindikiro chachikulu cha hyperglycemia mwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin, mahomoni amayenera kulowa m'thupi. Ndikofunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga. Jekeseni wa insulini uyenera kuchitika maola 2 aliwonse, kufikira chizindikiro cha glucose chibwerera mwakale. Nthawi zina, m'mimba mungafunike madzi otentha ndi koloko pang'ono.
Ngati palibe kuwongolera kwawonekera, muyenera kuyimba ambulansi kapena kuperekera wodwalayo kuchipatala nokha. Kuwonjezeka kwina kwa glucose kumatha kuyambitsa acidosis ndi kupuma. Chisamaliro chachipatala zimatengera momwe wodwalayo alili: njira yodziwika kwambiri ndiyo kulowerera.
Ngati hyperglycemia ikupezeka mwa anthu omwe sanapeze matenda a shuga komanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi kuperewera kwa insulin, kuthandizira ndikuchotsa matendawa. Poyamba, kuchuluka kwa acidity kwamthupi kuyenera kukhala kosaloledwa. Zithandiza: mchere wam'madzi wopanda gasi, yankho la soda, zipatso, decoctions azitsamba. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi khungu louma mopitirira, thira ndi thaulo yonyowa pokonza.

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Njira zochizira

Pa mankhwala, muyezo wokhazikika wamagulu a shuga adzafunika. Chiyeso chowonekera chikuyenera kuchitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya kangapo patsiku. Ngati zizindikiro zowunikira zikuzindikiridwa kangapo motsatizana, kufunsa kuchipatala ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala a insulin kumafunika.

Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito shuga yanu ndi kudzera muzakudya. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mthupi kumathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Poyesa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, madotolo adatulutsa "chinthu" - iyi ndi 15 g yamafuta. Gulu laling'ono la mkate lolemera 30 g kapena 100 g la oatmeal limafanana ndi mkate. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa zigawo za mkate sikuyenera kupitilira 25 patsiku. Zakudya zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kudyedwa m'mawa ndi masana.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zosowa zathupi - komanso china. Othandizira oyenerera azithandizira kupanga njira yabwino kwambiri yazakudya kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kutenga ngati maziko a zolemetsa za odwala ndi kuwonongera mphamvu zawo.
Kuchepetsa shuga ndende kumathandizanso:

Imwani madzi ambiri (madzi abwino ndi abwino)
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi (zolimbitsa thupi).

Kuwonongeka kwa hyperglycemia komwe kumakhalapo ndi kupezeka kwa matenda othandizira ndi mankhwala othandizira kapena othandizira. Mwazi wopanda shuga womwe umayamba chifukwa cha kupsinjika ndi mitsempha, imasinthika yokha, pomwe mkhalidwe wama psycho ukhazikika.

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Kupewa

Njira yolepheretsa hyperglycemia odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti azitha kudya zakudya zamagulu komanso azichita shuga pafupipafupi. Kupewa kwamatendawa kwa anthu omwe alibe shuga ndi zakudya zoyenera, masewera, chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la stroke (matenda a mtima) ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo azachipatala pakuwongolera moyo wawo.

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Kodi matenda ashuga amayamba bwanji mwa ana

Makolo a ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ayenera kusamala makamaka kuti azindikire zizindikiro zochenjeza munthawi yake.

Type 1 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amayamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambika kwa matendawa kumatha kutsimikizika molondola sabata kapena masiku angapo. Komabe, mwa ana, mawonetseredwe oyamba amadalira kwambiri zaka, chifukwa chake makolo ayenera kudziwa zomwe ayenera kulabadira. Nthawi zambiri, mwana akamakula, zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira zoyamba za matendawa. Chofunika kwambiri komanso chotsimikizika cha iwo ndi kuchuluka kukodza ndi ludzu.

Mu makanda, shuga amayamba kamodzikamodzi, koma zimachitika. Mwana akadali wamng'ono kwambiri, mayi wachichepere amatha kuphonya zizindikiro ngati "pafupipafupi ndi kukodza kwambiri" kapena "kumwa ndi chidwi." Komabe, sizovuta kudziwa zinthu zina: mwachitsanzo, pansi, pamalo omwe mkodzo umapezeka, pamakhala banga.

Ndikofunikanso kumuyesa mwanayo ngati sanapeze (kapena, makamaka, kuchepa) - matenda ashuga sikuti ndi omwe amachititsa izi, koma, mwatsoka, zomwe zimayambitsa zingakhale zazikulu mulimonse. Matenda a shuga amatha kukayikiridwa ngati phindu lolemera limaphatikizidwa ndi khungu lowuma komanso ma mucous membrane, okhala ndi zotumphukira zosasintha mosalekeza.

Mu mwana "wakhanda" - wazaka 1-2 - Zizindikiro zimawonekera bwino. Komabe, apa sizotheka nthawi zonse kuyerekeza zomwe zimatanthawuza "kumwa kwambiri ndikumwa kwamikodzo." Zachidziwikire, ngati mwana amamwa malita 4-5 amadzi patsiku, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa shuga, koma malita 1.5-2 - kodi izi ndi "zambiri" kapena "ayi"? Kupatula apo, kufunika kwa madzimadzi kumasiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, ana ndi akulu omwe.

Komabe, ndizachidziwikire kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuti kukodzanso kwamkati ndi koyambirira ndipo ludzu lachiwiri. Mwazi wamagazi ukakwezeka, umalowa mkodzo ndikunyamula madzi nawo. Kutayika kwa madzi ochuluka mumkodzo kumapangitsa ludzu lamphamvu mwa mwana.Pomuyang'ana mwana mosamala, ndizotheka kudziwa chomwe chiri choyambirira komanso chachiwiri: ngati kukodza koyambirira kukuwonjezereka, ndiye kuphatikiza ndi ludzu pali zizindikiro zina zakusowa kwamadzi - pakamwa pouma, khungu lowuma komanso kusenda, kutopa, kugona, kusakwiya.

Chidziwitso kwa amayi omwe akukayikira makamaka: chakumwa, ana nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mtundu wina wa madzi (nthawi zambiri amadzipaka), ndipo ngati mwanayo akonda, mwana amangofuna nyanga, kuti mumve ngati ali ndi ludzu lochulukirapo. Pankhaniyi, m'malo mwa madzi osangalatsa ndi masiku owerengeka - ndipo ngati mwana ali wathanzi, kufunika kwake kwa madzimadzi kumachepa nthawi yomweyo.

Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, monga kugona bedi, komanso ludzu lausiku, "sichikugwira ntchito" pokhudzana ndi ana aang'ono, koma ndi chofunikira chidziwitso cha matenda ashuga mwa ana a sukulu yasekondale komanso makamaka zaka za sukulu. Zizindikiro zina zimawonekeranso momveka bwino. Ana ambiri amachepetsa thupi, ndipo poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwakukonda, nthawi zina kuwonda kumakhala 10 kg masabata awiri. Mwana amadya kwambiri, koma ma protein omwe amalowa mthupi sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "chomangira", chofunikira makamaka munthawi ya kukula, koma monga gwero lamphamvu - m'malo mwa chakudya. Koma nthawi zina chilakolako, m'malo mwake, chimachepa.

Monga lamulo, kutopa ndi kufooka zimachuluka: omwe kale anali wokangalika, mwana amasiya kuthamanga, kusewera masewera akunja, kutopa kwambiri kusukulu, ntchito yake yamaphunziro imatsika.

Mwa ana asukulu achikulire, zizindikiritso zoyambirira zomwe zikusonyeza zotheka kukhala ndi shuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa za khungu ndi mucous membrane: furunculosis, balere, stomatitis, eczema, ndi pruritus (zizindikirazi sizisonyeza mtundu wa matenda ashuga achikulire). Pakhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe kazinthu zosangalatsa za maso, komanso paresthesia - lingaliro la "kukwawa", ndi zina zambiri.

Nthawi inayake asanafike matenda a shuga, ana ambiri amalakalaka maswiti.

Kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa kwa mwana wanu (kapena nokha) ndi nthawi yoyenera kuwunikira kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga, makamaka chifukwa ndizosavuta kuchita izi: muyenera kupereka magazi “mwa shuga”. Kunyalanyaza izi ndizowopsa! Matenda a shuga sangachitike “mwa” okha, pakapita nthawi zimangokulira ndipo zimabweretsa zovuta zingapo.

Komanso, vuto limodzi mwa matenda oopsa omwe amadza chifukwa cha matenda a insulin, lomwe limawopseza mwachindunji, limatha kumayambika matenda. Vutoli limapweteka kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa index ya HOMA (HOMA) - chazomwe zimachitika komanso matenda

Insulin ndi timadzi timene timathandiza kuti glucose alowe m'thupi lathu ndikupanga mphamvu. Ngati njirayi ikasokonekera, kukana insulini kumayamba - chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zothandizira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2.

Kuti mudziwe zamatsenga, pali dzina lotchedwa HOMA index. Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo amawerengedwa bwanji?

Kukula kwa matenda

Amakhulupilira kuti insulin sensitivity imachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri. Koma zimachitika kuti kukana insulini kumayamba ndi kulemera koyenera. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a zam'mimba amapezeka mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 30, ndipo mwa akazi pambuyo 50.

Poyamba anthu ankakhulupirira kuti matendawa amakhudza anthu akuluakulu okha, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuwunika kwa insulini mu achinyamata kwachulukitsa kasanu ndi kamodzi.

Pokonza insulin kukana, magawo angapo amasiyanitsidwa:

Pothana ndi zakudya zamafuta, kapamba amakulitsa insulin. Amasunga shuga wambiri m'magazi chimodzimodzi. Hormayo imathandizira maselo am'mimba ndi maselo amafuta kuyamwa glucose ndikupanga mphamvu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zakudya zopanda pake, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusuta kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa zolandilira zomvera, ndipo minofu yake imasiya kuyanjana ndi insulin.
Mwazi wamagazi umakwera, poyankha izi, kapamba amayamba kupanga insulini yambiri, komabe amakhalabe osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Hyperinsulinemia imabweretsa kumverera kosalekeza kwaanjala, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Hyperglycemia, imabweretsa zotsatira zosasintha. Odwala amatenga matenda a shuga angiopathy, kulephera kwa impso, neuropathy.

Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini zikuphatikizapo:

Zakutsogolo:

cholowa - ngati banja lili ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti matendawo amapezekanso kwambiri,
kumangokhala
kumwa kwambiri mowa,
mavuto
ukalamba.

Chowoneka cha chiphunzitsochi chimakhala chakuti chilibe matenda. Munthu kwa nthawi yayitali mwina sazindikira kuti ali ndi insulin.

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amadziwika mukamayesedwa kuchipatala kapena ngati pali umboni wowoneka bwino wa matenda ashuga:

ludzu
kukodza pafupipafupi
njala yosalekeza
kufooka
kusakhazikika
kusintha kwa zokonda - anthu amafuna maswiti,
Maonekedwe a ululu m'miyendo, kumva kukomoka, kukokana,
Mavuto am'maso amatha kuwoneka: ma goosebumps, malo akuda pamaso pa maso kapena kuchepa kwa masomphenya.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa NOMA

HOMA Index (NOMA) njira yofala kwambiri yodziwira kukana insulini. Amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi. Amatsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito fomula mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kukonzekera kusanthula:

kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu,
chakudya chotsiriza chikuyenera kukhala maola 12 chisanachitike kusanthula,
chakudya chamadzulo usiku watha kukhala wopepuka
kusanthula nthawi kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 11:00 m'mawa.

Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za kusanthula kwa anthu azaka 20 mpaka 60 ziyenera kukhala kuyambira 0 mpaka 2.7. Manambala pamtunduwu amatanthauza kuti kumva za minyewa yachilengedwe kumakhala kwabwinobwino. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti wodwala wapezeka ndi insulin.

Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pali: prediabetes ndi shuga. Matenda a shuga sangakhale matenda, koma chifukwa chachikulu choganizira za zakudya zanu komanso moyo wanu.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Izi zikusintha, ndiye kuti, ndikusintha kwa moyo, kupezekanso kwa matenda ashuga. Popanda chithandizo chokwanira, prediabetes isandulika mtundu 2 shuga.

Insulin insensitivity

Zoyenera kuchita mukazindikira insulin, dokotala akukuuzani. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chokwanira.

zakudya zama carb ochepa
kumwa mankhwala
zolimbitsa thupi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi glucose chiyenera kukhala chochepa-carb. Odwala onenepa amalangizidwa kuti azidya mikate 12 patsiku. M'pofunika kwambiri kusankha kusankha kwa zakudya zanu pazakudya zanu - mbale zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, komanso zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga ziyenera kutha kwathunthu kuzakudya.

Kodi chimaloledwa kudya chiyani?

masamba ndi zipatso
skim mkaka,
mtedza
nsomba
nyama yokonda
chimanga.

M'moyo wodwala, payenera kukhala malo ophunzirira zolimbitsa thupi. Utha kukhala ulendo wopita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, dziwe, kuthamangira asanagone. Anthu onenepa kwambiri amatha kuyenda. Yoga amathanso kukhala othandiza. Asanas ake amathandizira kukhazikika m'mitsempha, kuchepetsa kugona, komanso kukonza chimbudzi. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ayenera kupanga lamulo kuti asagwiritse ntchito kukweza, ndipo akamagwiritsa ntchito zoyendera pagulu, pitani 1 mpaka 2 poyambirira ndikuyenda kunyumba.

Kanema wokhudza matenda a shuga, zovuta zake komanso chithandizo:

Mankhwala

Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala otsatirawa:

Metformin - mankhwalawa amaletsa kutulutsa shuga mu chiwindi kulowa m'magazi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito aubongo. Chifukwa chake, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa katundu pa kapamba.
Acarbose ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a hypoglycemic. Zimawonjezera kuyamwa kwa glucose m'mimba, komwe, kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kufunikira kwa insulin mukatha kudya.
Pioglitazone - singatengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha zovuta za chiwindi. Mankhwalawa amathandizira chidwi cha insulin, koma amatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima komanso sitiroko. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikochepa.
Troglitazone - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza insulin. Kafukufuku awonetsa kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga udaletsedwa mu kotala la anthu omwe adaphunzira.

Chithandizo cha anthu

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha insulin, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kutengera maphikidwe ena:

Blueberries Supuni imodzi yokha yamasamba obiriwira amawatsanulira 200 ml ya madzi otentha. Pakatha mphindi 30, tsanulira ndikugawa galasi mu 3 waukulu tsiku. Decoction wotereyo amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma pokhapokha matendawa atadwala.
Wachigawenga stevia. Tengani supuni 1 ya Crimea yodulidwa ndikutsanulira 200 ml ya madzi otentha. Kuumirira mphindi 15, ndiye kupsyinjika. Imwani tsiku lonse m'malo mwa tiyi. Zomera zimatha kuchepetsa shuga ndi cholesterol, kusintha chiwindi ndi kapamba.
Msuzi wa nyemba. Thirani madzi okwanira 1 litre mu poto ndikuwonjezera nyemba 20 za nyemba. Valani moto ndi kuwira. Kenako yikani kusakaniza. Njira ya mankhwala ndi 1 mpaka 2 miyezi. Tengani tsiku lililonse m'mawa, pa nkhomaliro komanso madzulo. A decoction amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti magazi abwinobwino.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle. Tengani 800 g wa nettle ndikuwatsanulira ndi malita a 2,5 a mowa. Kuumirira masiku 7, ndiye mavuto. Tengani supuni zitatu theka la ola musanadye, supuni 1.

M'masiku ano, aliyense akhoza kutengeka ndi insulin. Ngati matenda awa atapezeka mwa inu nokha, munthu ayenera kusintha moyo wake posachedwa. Ndikosatheka kubwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin kokha ndi mankhwala.

Wodwala ayenera kudzipangira yekha ntchito: kudzikakamiza kuti adye moyenera, kusewera masewera, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa. Tsoka ilo, anthu safuna kusintha miyoyo yawo ndipo sanamvere malangizo a madokotala, mwakutero amayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda osokoneza bongo komanso zovuta zina za matendawa.

Ana ndi matenda ashuga

WHO imatanthauzira matenda ashuga ngati matenda a endocrine dongosolo lomwe milingo ya shuga imakwezedwa kwambiri. Hyperglycemia imatha kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati.

Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa chosowa insulini kapena zinthu zingapo zomwe zimalimbana ndi ntchito yake.

Pathology imakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a metabolic:

Popita nthawi, izi zimabweretsa zilonda zamitundu ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka, zimakumana ndi izi:

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe amadalira matenda a insulin, omwe amapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 30, ndi matenda omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha chibadwidwe chamtsogolo ndi zovuta zakunja.

Chomwe chikuyimira matenda a shuga 1 ndikuti kupanga insulini kumachepa kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kufa kwa maselo a beta mothandizidwa ndi chinthu china, mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa oopsa pakudya kapena kupsinjika.

Type 2 shuga mellitus, yomwe imadziwika, monga lamulo, la anthu achikulire, imapezeka kangapo kuposa matenda amtundu woyamba. Zikatero, maselo a beta amapanga insulini yayikulu kapena yayikulu. Koma ntchito ya insulin imachepetsedwa chifukwa cha minyewa yambiri ya adipose yokhala ndi ma receptors omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa insulin.

Komanso, kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a insulin kumatha kuchitika. Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2:

chibadwa
kunenepa
matenda a endocrine
matenda a pituitary gland, adrenal cortex ndi chithokomiro England.

M'mbuyomu, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kuonekanso ngati vuto la matenda, mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka herpes, hepatitis kapena fuluwenza. Zimakhalanso zovuta nthawi zina:

matenda oopsa ndi cholelithiasis,
kapamba
zotupa zapachifuwa.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda a shuga a ana amapezeka?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga: odalira insulin komanso osadalira insulini. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadziwika chifukwa chakuti ma cell a pancreatic satulutsa insulin yokwanira. Monga lamulo, ana ali ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda.

Mavuto mu kapangidwe ka kapamba kumayambitsa kuperewera kwake ndipo amatengera. Izi sizingakhudze kupanga insulin mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo imawoneka mochedwa kapena ayi.

Sianthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto lakelo kuti adwale. Matendawa, monga lamulo, amakwiya ndi ma virus:

Ma virus amenewa amachita ngati choyambitsa. Zotsatira zingapo za pathological zimaphatikizidwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin.

Matendawa akayambika, maselo a pancreatic amatuluka kuchokera ku insulin. Katulutsidwe ka mahormone pakadali pano sikasokonezedwa kwambiri, chifukwa maselo omwe atsalira amatha kulimbana ndi katundu wambiri.

Maselo akupitilizabe kumwalira, ndipo patapita nthawi, insulini sikokwanira kukonzanso shuga, yomwe imabwera yambiri.

Ili ndi gawo lomaliza la matenda ashuga, omwe m'mabuku azachipatala amatchedwa kulolerana kwa shuga. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa, wodwalayo amakhala ndi shuga wambiri, koma atatha kudya ndi chakudya, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Kusanthula komwe kunachitika kumatchedwa "shuga curve". Pambuyo pa kufa kwa pafupifupi 90% ya maselo, titha kulankhula za matenda oopsa a shuga ndi zikhalidwe zake zonse.

Mtundu wa 1 wodwala insulin sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Shuga amafunikira munthu, amabwera ndi zokwanira ndi chakudya. Imayandama m'magazi, chifukwa popanda insulin singathe kulowa m'maselo. Munthu amathandizidwa pokhapokha pokhazikitsa insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga wosadalira insulini umadziwika kuti insulin mu kapamba imapangidwa mokwanira, koma imasinthidwa ndikusowa. Ngati mulibe insulin mu nthenda yoyamba, ndiye kuti ili ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, koma sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu wachiwiri wamatenda mwa ana ndi osowa kwambiri.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga 2:

onenepa kwambiri
kusowa zolimbitsa thupi - kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi,
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni
mimba
zovuta za endocrine.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a mwana

Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za ana omwe ali ndi insulin akusowa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera milungu ingapo.

Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiro zina kuti muwone dokotala ndikuyamba chithandizo.

ulesi ndi kufooka
ludzu pafupipafupi
kulakalaka kwamphamvu
kukodza kosalekeza
matenda okhudzidwa
mpweya wa acetone
Matenda atachepa,
kuwonda mwadzidzidzi.

Kwa ana odwala, sizizindikiro zonsezi zimamveka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe kuchepa kwa insulin, ndiye kuti kununkhira kwa acetone kapena kuchepa thupi mwina sikungakhale. Komabe, mchitidwe umawonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri odwala matenda amtundu 1 amapezeka komanso amatchulidwa kwambiri.

Makolo amazindikira msanga zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana azaka 15, popeza mwana wazaka izi amatha kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane za kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lawo.

Ana amayamba kumwa zamadzimadzi zochulukirapo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayamba kutulutsa chinyezi kuchokera ku maselo ndi mafomu am'madzi. Mwana nthawi zambiri amapempha kuti amwe madzi kapena timadziti kumapeto kwa tsiku.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwawonetsa poizoni, kuchepetsa mayendedwe amkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kukodza kambiri komanso pafupipafupi kumawonekera, makamaka usiku. Chifukwa chake thupi likuyesetsa kuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni.

Kulakalaka kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kufa ndi maselo, chifukwa palibe kudya shuga. Mwana amayamba kudya kwambiri, koma zakudya sizilowa m'maselo. Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthothoka kwa glucose, komanso kuwonongeka kwamafuta ndikupanga mphamvu. Chizindikiro chapamwamba cha matenda osokoneza bongo aubwana chimadziwika ngati chilakolako champhamvu chogwirizana ndi kuwonda kwambiri.

Chizindikiro ichi chimalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glucose atatha kudya kokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu. Mwazi wokwanira wamafuta pawokha ndiwo chifukwa chakuchepa kwa thanzi labwinobwino. Pakapita kanthawi, mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi zimabwezeretsa shuga monga momwe zimakhalira, ndipo mwana amakhalanso wakhama mpaka chakudya chotsatira.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri mwana kumawonedwa osati kokha ndi insulin kwathunthu. Potere, glucose sangalowe m'maselo ndikuwapatsa mphamvu. Zotsatira zake, ngati njira yosunga mphamvu, mafuta omwe alipo amayamba kumatha ndipo kuwonda kumachitika. Mawonetsedwe awa mwina sangakhale ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga komanso mitundu ina ya MOD.

Kuopsa komanso kufooka kwa wachinyamata kukufotokozedwa ndikuphwanya kwamatenda a shuga komanso kuwopsa kwa matupi a ketone. Fungo la acetone kuchokera pamkono wamkamwa ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha ketoacidosis. Thupi limachotsa poizoni kudzera mu impso, komanso thukuta, ndikupangitsa thukuta kwambiri.

Fungo la acetone mu shuga limachitika chifukwa mafuta amawonongeka ngati gawo lapansi lamphamvu lamthupi, ndikupanga matupi a ketone okhala ndi acetone. Thupi likuyesera m'njira iliyonse kuti lichotse poizoniyu, ndikuchichotsa m'mapapu. Chizindikiro ngati chimenecho sichingakhale ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, komanso mitundu ina ya MOD.

Ana ena sangathe kuchira matenda opatsirana kwa nthawi yayitali. Matendawa amachoka kwa wina kupita kwina, mwanayo samachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Ikhoza kukhala matenda opakidwa ndi khungu, mwachitsanzo, furunculosis kapena fungal matenda - candidiasis.

Ngati simusamala kuwonongeka, pakapita nthawi, ana amatha kukhala oopsa, oopsa komanso ongokhala. Kulakalaka kwamphamvu kungasinthidwe ndi nseru, kusiya kudya, kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kusanza.

Zizindikiro izi zimawonetsa mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa ketoacidosis, komanso mwayi waukulu wa precomatosis. Poterepa, muyenera kuyitanitsa gulu la ambulansi ndikupita naye kuchipatala.

Ngati izi sizingachitike, amatha kukumbukira, chikomokere chidzayamba, chomwe simungathe kutuluka.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga

Njira yosavuta yodziwira matenda kapena kulekerera kwa glucose ndikumazindikira magazi. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa shuga mwa munthu wathanzi umatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zotere: 3.5-5,5 mmol / l.

Ngati mukuwerenga zam'mawa mkodzo wa glucosuria wapezeka - shuga mumkodzo, aceturia, matupi a acetone mkodzo, ketonuria - matupi a ketone mumtsempha, kapena pali shuga wambiri mumkodzo, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala munthawi ndikuwunikira kwapadera, monga mayeso a kulolera shuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndikusanthula kwa curve. Asanawonetsetse, mwana ayenera kudya chakudya kwa masiku atatu popanda choletsa cha chakudya. Kuyesedwa kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa.

Mwanayo ayenera kumwa madzi a shuga, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumawerengeredwa ndi adokotala. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu 60 ndi mphindi 120 pambuyo poyamwa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, pakatha ola limodzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuyenera kupitirira 8.8 mmol / L, ndipo patatha maola awiri sikuyenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L kapena kubwereranso kwina pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi a venous kapena m'magazi athunthu pamimba yopanda kanthu kumaposa 15 mmol / l (kapena kangapo pamimba yopanda kanthu pamtunda wa 7.8 mmol / l), ndiye kuti mayeso a glucose pamafunika kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda.

Ana omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi mbiri yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso Zizindikiro zina za insulin. Mwanjira izi, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi a shuga kuyambira azaka 10, zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Kufunsira kumafunikira:

wazamaso
wamisala
endocrinologist
ophthalmologist
nephrologist.

Ndikotheka kuchita njira zapadera zoyeserera:

kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi,
kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa C-peptide, proinsulin, glucagon,
Ultrasound yamkati,
kusanthula kwa ndalama
kutsimikiza kwa mulingo wa microalbuminuria.

Ngati banja lidabwereza matenda ashuga, makamaka pakati pa makolo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuchititsa kafukufuku wamtundu kuti adziwe matenda kapena matendawo.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala a shuga. Zolinga zofunika kwambiri zochizira ndi:

kuchepetsa chizindikiro
kagayidwe kachakudya
kupewa mavuto
kupeza moyo wabwino kwa odwala.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwalawa ndi:

kudziyimira pawokha pa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga.

Pali masukulu apadera azidziwitso za matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi. Makolo omwe ali ndi ana amatha kudziwa momwe angayetsere shuga pamenepo pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kumvera zokambirana za matenda awo ndikudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri za zomwe zimachitika matenda ashuga powonera vidiyo iyi.

Matenda a shuga

Izi zimatchedwa matenda a shuga 1, zimatengera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Matendawa amapezeka pamene 95% ya insulini yopanga islet ingawonongeke kale.

Kuti muyambe kuchita izi, mufunika chosangalatsa:

matenda a ma virus (rubella, herpes, chimfine, matumbo, cytomegalovirus ndi ena),
kupsinjika
kuvulala, opaleshoni,
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi kogwirizana ndi insulin kapena komwe kumakhudza kapamba,
poyizoni, kuphatikizapo kusuta, mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nitrate,
matenda a autoimmune (mapangidwe a antibodies motsutsana ndi minofu yawo) - nyamakazi, chithokomiro, zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis,
Vitamini D akusowa
zakudya zopangidwa pambuyo pobadwa, kudya koyamba ndi chimanga.

Pakati pa matenda onse a shuga, mtundu woyamba wa matenda umapezeka mwa achinyamata 90%.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana.

Matenda oyipa a achinyamata

Gululi limaphatikizapo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mu achinyamata. Imakulirakulira kuyambira pamenepa chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kumangokhala. Udindo wazakudya ndiwo chachikulu. Kuchulukitsa, maswiti amachititsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe, imayambitsa minyewa - kukana insulini. Izi zimathandizira kudzikundikira kwa mafuta, ndikupanga bwalo loipa. Achinyamata ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo:

onenepa kwambiri pakubadwa
chizolowezi cha diathesis paubwana,
chimfine pafupipafupi
kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba).

Mitundu ya shuga imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Amayenda ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine:

Itsenko-Cushing - chowonjezera cha cortisol chopangidwa ndi timadzi tamadontho tambiri,
jekeseni wa poyizoni - kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa chithokomiro ndi kuphatikizika kwa thyroxine,
pituitary somatotropinoma - Kukula msanga kwa thupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu (kukula kwa mahomoni, insulini),
pheochromocytoma - chotupa cha adrenal chomwe chimapanga mahomoni opsinjika (adrenaline, norepinephrine).

Pazaka za 14-16, matenda ashuga AMODZI ndi mitundu inanso yamavuto obwera a carbohydrate metabolism (Tungsten, Alstrom syndromes) amatha kuyamba.

Mtundu woyamba

Malingana ngati kapamba amalimbana ndi mapangidwe a insulin, matenda a shuga samadziwonetsa. Pakadali pano, zitha kuwoneka pokhapokha pakufufuza zamankhwala. Kenako ikubwera nthawi yazizindikiro (Zowonekera).

ludzu lamphamvu komanso losagonjetseka (odwala amamwa oposa malita 3-5 patsiku, nthawi zina mpaka 8-10), pakamwa kowuma,
kukodza, kupukuta,
kulakalaka kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa thupi ndi thanzi labwino (wachinyamata amatha kutaya makilogalamu 7-9 m'miyezi itatu),
kufooka wamba, kutopa,
kusokonekera, kusowa tulo, kugona ndi kuwonda masana,
kuyabwa kwa khungu, paziyamu, zotupa,
mabala ndi mabala sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Muubwana, matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi chikomokere. Odwala amakhala ndi mseru, kuwatsuka, ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba. Imakumbutsa poyizoni kapena kutupa kwa zowonjezera. Ngati matenda a shuga sapezeka pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti amatha kusochera, mwina akhoza kuphedwa. Chizindikiro chofunikira chavutoli ndi fungo la acetone (maapulo owola) kuchokera mkamwa.

Mtundu wachiwiri

Mawonekedwe ake ndikuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro. Poyamba, sizikudziwika ngati mtundu woyamba wa matenda. Makolo ayenera kulabadira:

chidwi chochuluka ndi maswiti (maselo a mu ubongo samalandira mphamvu yofunikira, shuga imapereka mofulumira kwambiri),
kudya kosalekeza pakati pa chakudya,
kumenyedwa ndi njala ndi mutu, chizungulire, manja akunjenjemera, ndikusowa mukatha kudya,
kufooka ndi kugona tulo maola 1.5 mutatha kudya,
zotupa pakhungu - zotupa pustular, zithupsa, ziphuphu, kuyabwa kwambiri,
khwangwala pamalonda, kukomoka m'makona amkamwa, kusisita mapazi, manja,
zolembera wamba
matenda apafupipafupi, matenda a fungal omwe ali ndi njira yobwereza, njira zina zofowoka zamankhwala,
chidzalo, matope m'masaya.

Mawonekedwe onse amatendawa (kuchuluka ludzu, kulakalaka, kukodza) nthawi zambiri zimawonekera miyezi ingapo itatha yoyamba zizindikiro. Mukazindikira matendawa atapangidwa, pamakhala mwayi wolepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa anyamata

Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga mwa anyamata ndi kuchedwa kwambiri kwa matendawa. Pafupifupi 40% ya milandu, zotereZizindikiro:

Tsitsi pansi pa manja ndi m'malo a pubic amakula zaka 2-3 pambuyo pake (zaka 14-16),
Thupi limakhalabe lopanda mwana (mwana), lamba lakholo silikukula, minofu yolumikizidwa simapangika,
wazaka 14 mpaka 15, palibe zoipitsa (umiseche secretion usiku),
mapangidwe a minofu yam'mafupa amasokonezeka, kukula kwa thupi kumachepa.

Njira zonsezi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga. Ndi chithandizo chosakwanira, anyamata ali ndi potency yochepa, chiwonetsero chazofooka pakugonana komanso kubereka.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo, kutupa kosalekeza kumachitika kawirikawiri m'malo a mbolo - balanoposthitis.

Zimayendera limodzi ndi kutupa, kufupika kwa khungu ndi kusokonekera pokodza.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga asungwana achichepere

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga asungwana achichepere 48% mwa ziwonetsero zimasokoneza msambo, kusonyezedwa kuphwanya:

kuchedwa kwa msambo woyamba (30% sakhala ndi zaka 14),
kuzungulira kwa nthawi yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa magazi sikukhazikike kwa nthawi yayitali,
zotupa
nthawi zopweteka
Zomera zachilengedwe sizikula,
Tsitsi limayamba kufooka m'dera la pubic,
Kutupa kumawonekera mobwerezabwereza,
nembanemba ya nyini ndi labia (vulvovaginitis) imayatsidwa.

Ngati chithandizo cha matenda ashuga sichinayambike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti pakukalamba, kumachitika padera. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umachitika kawirikawiri ndi ma polycystic ovary, omwe amaphwanya mzere wa mahomoni. Atsikana ali ndi tsitsi lakukula kwambiri pamaso pawo ndi miyendo, mafuta onenepa pakhungu, pali zotupa za ziphuphu zakumaso, kunenepa kwambiri.

Hypoglycemia

Kutsika kwa glucose kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kuchuluka kwa thupi, mavuto azakudya, Mlingo waukulu wa insulin. Mu achinyamata, zimachitika koyamba:

kufooka, ulesi, kupsinjika,
mutu
kugwidwa ndi njala yayikulu,
kugwirana chanza
thukuta.

Ngati shuga sabwera ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti chisangalalo chimayamba, m'malo mwake ndikulephera komanso kuzindikira, kukhumudwa. Kuperewera kwa chithandizo chadzidzidzi kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Kutsika pafupipafupi mu shuga kumasokoneza ubongo.

Ketoacidosis

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikusowa kwa insulin. Mafuta amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu, motero matupi a ketone (acetone) amapangidwa. Kulakalaka kumachepa, nseru, kusanza kumakhazikika, kupuma kumayamba msanga, phokoso. Mutha kununkhiza acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwanu. M'masiku ochepa, vutoli limasanduka khwawa lopanda chithandizo:

kusazindikira
kuthamanga kwa magazi kumagwa
zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso zofooka,
kupuma kosakhazikika.

Thandizo lodzidzimutsa limafunikira mosamalitsa.

Vuto la mtima

Amayamba matendawa akamakula. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose, makoma amitsempha yamagazi amawonongeka. Zochita zowonongeka:

impso (nephropathy ndi kulephera kwaimpso),
ulusi wamitsempha (mitsempha, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, phazi la matenda ashuga ndi chiopsezo chodulidwa),
retina (retinopathy wokhala ndi masomphenya ochedwa),
mtima (kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima, angina pectoris, kugunda kwa mtima pamene wakula),
ubongo:

Zolemba za nthawi ya achinyamata odwala matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga a achinyamata amakhala ndi:

shuga wamagazi amatsika
kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amatsutsana ndi insulin - kukula, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, tiziwalo tamadontho tambiri,
kuchuluka kwa insulini ndi kufooka poyizika,
ntchito yosakhazikika yamanjenje.

Kusintha konseku kumayenderana ndi kusintha kwa ma horoni mukamakula. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kwambiri kusankha mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kwa achinyamata.

Onerani vidiyo yokhudza ana ashuga ndi ana:

Vutoli limakhala lovuta chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika munyengo ino:

Zakudya zambiri, zakudya zopanda pake ndi anzanu,
kunyalanyaza kukula kwa insulin, kuwerengera molakwika,
kusafuna kuwongolera shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer,
mavuto
nkhawa zochuluka
kumwa mowa kwambiri, kusuta.

Zikatero, achinyamata amafunika kuthandizidwa osati kokha ndi endocrinologist, komanso akatswiri a zamaganizo. Zithandizanso kudziwa anthu enieni omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.

Kuzindikira matenda am'mimba mwa achinyamata

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mu achinyamata zimatha kupezeka ndi dokotala wa ana. Amawongolera odwala kwa endocrinologist. Kupanga matenda, kuyezetsa magazi ndikofunikira:

shuga (pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola awiri atatha shuga),
insulin, omwe anali patsogolo pake (C-peptide, proinsulin),
glycated hemoglobin.

Mkodzo umayang'ana shuga ndi acetone. Kupanga kwa kapamba kumachitika.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a achinyamata

Pofuna kuchiza matenda amtundu wa shuga m'matenda achichepere, insulin iyenera kutumikiridwa nthawi yomweyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wamtundu wa anthu. Mlingo ndi makonzedwe amakonzedwe amawerengedwa malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso. Chithandizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

M'mawa ndi madzulo ma analogue okhalitsa okhathamira,
pamaso chakudya chachikulu, osiyanitsa mlingo wa yochepa insulin kwa mayamwidwe chakudya.

Pakukhazikitsa mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito syringe, cholembera ndi chida (insulin pump). Kudziyang'anitsitsa kwa zizindikiro za glucose ndikofunikira kwambiri: pamimba yopanda kanthu, musanadye chakudya chamadzulo komanso chakudya chamadzulo, komanso musanagone. Kuletsedwa kwa shuga, maswiti, zopangidwa ndi ufa, nyama yamafuta, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zamasamba zimayambitsidwa muzakudya.Muyenera kupewa kudya mwachangu, msuzi wokoma, tchipisi ndi zokhwasula-khwasula. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira, koma zolimba.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga mu achinyamata

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 achinyamata, muyenera choyamba kumanganso zakudya. Maziko ake azikhala ndiwo zamasamba (kupatula mbatata), nyama yopanda mafuta ndi nsomba, zinthu zamkaka zamafuta ochepa, zipatso zosapsa ndi zipatso. Mafuta a shuga ndi oyera, komanso mbale zonse zomwe zili ndi zoletsedwa. Zakudya zamafuta kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi amakakamizidwa (kusambira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga kwa kuwala, Pilates). Mosakwanira, mapiritsi amalumikizidwa kuti muchepetse shuga.

Momwe mungapewere kukula kwa zovuta

Ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa chizindikiro cha glycated hemoglobin yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri momwe ingathere (mpaka 6.5%). Uwu ndiye umboni wofunikira kwambiri wowonjezera mavuto. Pochita izi, izi zitha kuchitika osaposa 15% ya odwala.

Kuti muthane ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira: