Muyezo wamagulu a shuga khanda la zaka 7: gome

Kuti muwone momwe ma endocrine amapangira thupi la mwana, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha shuga. Nthawi zambiri, kusanthula koteroko kumayendetsedwa kwa odwala omwe amakayikira.

Mu ana, autoimmune insulin yodalira mitundu yamatenda imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umakhudzana ndi matenda omwe amabadwa ndi chibadwidwe. Sichimachitika mwa ana onse, ngakhale ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Choyambitsa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda chingakhale kachilombo, kupsinjika, matenda amchiwindi, mankhwala, zakumwa zoledzeretsa mu chakudya, kusintha koyambira kuchokera mkaka wa m'mawere kupita pakudya kokumbidwa. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi woyambira chithandizo chamankhwala popewa zovuta.

Kodi glucose amalowa bwanji m'magazi?

Glucose ndi chakudya chosavuta ndipo amapezeka muzakudya zabwino zokha, zambiri mwa mpesa, zipatso zouma, uchi. Mwa izi, imayamba kulowa m'magazi, kuyambira ndi nembanemba yamkamwa.

Pazakudya, amathanso kukhala ndi fructose, sucrose ndi galactose, omwe amathandizidwa ndi ma enzyme amasintha shuga ndi zovuta, zosakanikirana, zomwe motsogozedwa ndi amylase amaphulika mpaka mamolekyulu a shuga.

Chifukwa chake, mafuta onse omwe amabwera ndi chakudya amachulukitsa glycemia. Njira iyi ya glucose imatchedwa yakunja. Ndi njala, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena zakudya zama carb ochepa, shuga amatha kupezeka m'masitolo a chiwindi kapena minofu. Iyi ndiye njira yachangu kwambiri.

Masewera a glycogen atatha, kaphatikizidwe ka shuga kuchokera ku amino acid, mafuta ndi lactate amayamba m'chiwindi.

Izi zimachitika mosiyanasiyana, koma zimatha kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi pakapita nthawi.

Kutenga kwa glucose

Njira zamapangidwe a shuga mkati mwa thupi zimalimbikitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa mahomoni - cortisol, adrenaline, mahomoni okula ndi glucagon. Matenda a chithokomiro komanso mahomoni ogonana amathandizanso makinawa.

Homoni yokhayo yomwe ingachepetse shuga m'magazi ndikuthandizira maselo kupeza mphamvu ndi insulin. Amapangidwa nthawi zambiri m'miyeso yaying'ono, ndikuthandizira kuyamwa kwa shuga ku chiwindi. Chowonjezera chachikulu cha kubisika kwake ndikuwonjezereka kwamagazi a shuga.

Pakudya, chakudya chikamalowa m'magazi, insulini imamangirira kumtunda kwa maselowo ndikudutsa mamolekyulu a glucose kudzera mu membrane wa cell. Glycolysis zimachitika mkati mwa maselo ndi mapangidwe a adenosine triphosphoric acid - mafuta akuluakulu a thupi.

Zomwe zimapanga insulin zimawonetsedwa motere:

• Zimasokoneza glucose, potaziyamu, amino acid ndi magnesium mu cell.
• Chimalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala ATP.
• Ndi shuga wambiri, imapereka malo osungirako glycogen.
• Zimalepheretsa kulowa kwa glucose m'magazi ndi chiwindi.
• Imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mapuloteni ndi mafuta, amalepheretsa kuwola kwawo.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka chifukwa chakuti mothandizidwa ndi chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha maselo apakhungu, kuperewera kwa insulini m'thupi. Izi ndizofanana ndi matenda a shuga 1, amakhudza ana, achinyamata, achinyamata.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umachitika ndi kusokonezeka kwa ma hormone. Insulin ikhoza kukhala yokwanira, koma maselo samayankha. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma posachedwa kwakhala chidziwika pakati pa ana azaka 7 mpaka 13.

Mwazi wamagazi

Mlingo wa glycemia mu ana umasintha ndi kukula, kwa mwana wazaka chimodzi amakhala pakati pa 2.8-4.4 mmol / l, ndiye amakula pofika zaka 2-3, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa ana azaka 7 ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose 3.3-5,5 mmol / l.

Pofuna kuchititsa phunzirolo, mwana ayenera kubwera kudzawunikira atatha kudya kwa maola 8 akudya. Pamaso pa mayeso, simungasambe mano, kumwa juwisi kapena tiyi, khofi. Ngati mankhwala adalembedwa, ndiye kuti amathetsa mogwirizana ndi ana.

Kusala kwathanzi magazi komanso kusapezeka kwa matendawa kumatha kupezeka mwa ana athanzi, koma ngati pali cholowa chamtsogolo, dokotala atha kukutumizirani mayeso ena. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika kuti muwone momwe kapamba amathandizira pakudya.

Muubwana, zimawonetsedwa:

1. Kuti mudziwe shuga kapena matenda oopsa.
2. Pamaso pa kunenepa.
3. Pali kuchepa kwakuthwa mu zowoneka bwino.
4. Chimfine pafupipafupi.
5. Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chakudya choyenera.
6. Mkulu mawonekedwe a furunculosis kapena ziphuphu zakumaso.

Kuyesedwa ndikuti mwana amatenga njira yothetsera shuga pamlingo wa 1.75 g pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi. Kuyeza kumachitika kawiri: pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chikhalidwe kwa ana chimatengedwa ngati pambuyo pa maola 2 shuga amakhala pansi 7.8 mmol / l.

Ngati pali matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chiwerengerochi chimaposa 11.1 mmol / L. Ziwerengero zapakatikati zimawonedwa ngati boma la prediabetes.

Kutsitsa shuga m'magazi mwa ana

Shuga wocheperako ndiwopseza kukula kwa thupi la mwana, komanso kukwera. Ana mu nthawi ya kukula amawona kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuchepa kwake kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo aubongo; mwana sangathe kukula m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo.

Hypoglycemia imakhudzanso akhanda pakubadwa asanakwane, kubadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga 1, kuphulika kwa phokoso chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi chingwe cholumikizira, komanso kuvulala kwina. Popeza kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'thupi la mwana ndi kotsika poyerekeza ndi akulu, ana ayenera kudya pafupipafupi kuteteza kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia mwa ana zimatha kuchepa: kusangalala, kufooka kwa khungu, kufooka. Pali chilimbikitso chowonjezereka, thukuta ndi manja akunjenjemera, kugunda kwamtima kwapafupipafupi. Mukatha kudya, zizindikirozi zimatha kutha, koma ngati choyambitsa cha shuga chatsika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukulephera, kugona, kusazindikira, kukokana komanso kukomoka.

Chochulukacho chimayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic kwambiri ndi insulin pochiza matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wotsika kwambiri amapezeka ndi ma pathologies:

• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Njira za tumor.
• Poizoni.
• Ntchito yotsika ya pituitary kapena adrenal gland.
• Hypothyroidism
• Congenital hyperinsulinism.

Hyperglycemia ali mwana

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachitika ndi kusowa kwa insulini, kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro, kuchepa kwa adrenal gland kapena gitu. Ana athanzi amatha kukhala ndi shuga pang'ono kwakanthawi kokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena kwamaganizidwe. Kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni, okodzetsa amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.

Chochititsa chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi ndi matenda ashuga. Muubwana, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwadzidzidzi komanso mwaukali. Kuti mupeze matenda a shuga, kuwonjezereka kwa kudya kwa glycemia pamtunda wa 6.1 kumaganiziridwa, ndipo mutatha kudya kapena popanda kutsimikiza kwa shuga - oposa 11.1 mmol / l.

Kuzindikira koyambirira matenda a shuga kungalepheretse kukula kwa zovuta komanso kumathandiza kulipira bwino mawonetsedwe a matendawa. Chifukwa chake, pa chikwangwani choyamba muyenera kupimidwa mokwanira posachedwa.

1. Udzu wokhazikika, kuphatikiza usiku.
2. Kuchulukitsa komanso pafupipafupi kukodzetsa, enursis.
3. Kuchepetsa thupi ndi thanzi komanso kuthanso kudya.
4. Ana samapuma pakati pa chakudya.
5. Mukatha kudya, kufooka kumakulirakulira.
6. Kuyenda khungu, makamaka pa perineum.
7. Chimfine pafupipafupi komanso matenda opatsirana.
8. Candidiasis a pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Ngati matendawa sanapangidwe nthawi, ndiye kuti kusowa kwa insulin kungayambitse kukula kwa dziko la ketoacidotic, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufooka, kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza, mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi ndi chitukuko cha ketoacidotic coma.

Zomwe zikuwonetsa glycemia ndizabwinobwino aziziuza akatswiri muvidiyoyi.