Type 2 shuga mellitus - zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso, kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga

Type 2 shuga, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "insulin" yodalira shuga, ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha thupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, thupi la wodwalayo mwina limapanda insulini kapena satulutsa mahomoni okwanira. Popeza insulin imayang'anira kuyamwa kwa shuga (shuga) ndi maselo athu, matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti shuga a magazi awonjezeke.

Popanda chithandizo, matendawa amatha kupha.

Palibe njira yochizira matenda a shuga a mtundu umodzi kamodzi, koma matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso mankhwala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta a kapamba. Chakudya, zikondamoyo zathu zimatulutsa insulin. Timadzi timeneti timakhala ngati fungulo lomwe limatsegulira "zitseko" zazikulu za maselo onse mthupi, kulola glucose kulowa mwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, insulini imatsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maselo athu agwira ntchito moyenera.

Glucose (shuga) ndiye gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu mthupi lathu. Makamaka glucose wambiri amafunikira maselo am'misempha ndi ma cell aubongo omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Thupi limalandira shuga m'magawo awiri: kudzera mu chakudya komanso kapangidwe ka chiwindi. Poyambirira, atatha chimbudzi ndi kugaya chakudya m'mimba, glucose amalowa m'magazi, kuchokera pomwe insulin imalowetsa maselo.

Chiwindi chimagwira ngati chosungira. Mwazi wamagazi ukatsika (mwachitsanzo, mumadumphira chakudya chamasana), chiwindi chimaphwanya glycogen yemwe amasungidwa m'mimba mwake. Mluza umalowa m'magazi ndipo mulingo wake umakhala wofanana.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, izi zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chokana ndi insulin kapena kuchepa kwa thupi, glucose samatengekedwa ndi ma cell, koma amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi zimafuna kudya komanso kudya pafupipafupi mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda amtundu 1 ali motere. Mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga (insulin-wodalira shuga), kapamba samatulutsa insulini, motero odwala amadalira jakisoni wa timadzi tamoyo timeneti. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapamba amatha kutulutsa insulini, koma samabala okwanira. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amathandizira maselo a beta, ndikuyenera kubwezeretsanso. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amatha kukhala popanda jakisoni wa insulin, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa kuti insulin.

Zowopsa 2 za matenda ashuga:

• Kunenepa kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Minofu yambiri ya adipose, ma insulin yolimbana ndi maselo imayamba.
• Kugawa kwamafuta. Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba (mafuta pamimba) kumatengera matenda ashuga kuposa mitundu ina ya kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kusagwira ntchito. Kuchepa kwa zolimbitsa thupi kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 2.
• Mbiri ya mabanja. Vutoli limakula kwambiri ngati makolo anu, abale kapena alongo ali ndi matenda a shuga.
• Mpikisano. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake, koma Hispanics, Blacks, Amereka aku America ndi aku Asia amadwala matenda amtundu wa 2 pafupipafupi kuposa azungu.
• Zaka. Chiwopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chikukula ndi ukalamba, makamaka atakwanitsa zaka 45. Mwina izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi chofuna kulemera mukamakula.
• Matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga ndi gawo lomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwabwinobwino, koma osakhala okwanira kuti kumatulutsa monga mtundu 2 shuga. Popanda chithandizo, prediabetes imatha kukhala shuga.
• Matenda a shuga. Ngati mayi ali ndi pakati amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chachiwiri chikuwonjezeka mtsogolo.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Zizindikiro za matendawa, monga lamulo, amakula pang'onopang'ono. Wodwala amatha kudwala matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri osazindikira.

Zizindikiro zake zimatha kuphatikizira:

• ludzu lamphamvu komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Masewera a glucose ochulukirapo m'magazi, timadzimadzi “timatulutsa” m'maselo. Izi zimabweretsa ludzu komanso mkodzo wambiri.
• Njala yachilendo. Popanda insulini, kuyamwa kwa shuga kumasokonezeka, komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina zomwe zimasungidwa ndikuyambitsa njala.
• Kuchepetsa thupi. Ngakhale kudya kwambiri, odwala amatha kuchepa thupi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa glucose komwe kumachitika m'maselo.
• Kutopa. Ngati maselo alibe mphamvu, odwala amatha kumva kuti watopa komanso sakwiya.
• Kuwona kolakwika. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikokwera kwambiri, mawonekedwe a mandala amaso amatha kupunduka. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto amawonedwe.
• Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala ndi zilonda. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kutha kwa thupi kukana matenda kumakulirakulira.
• Mawanga amdima pakhungu. Odwala ena, mawanga amdima, velvety mawonekedwe akhungu m'mbali za thupi, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'manja. Ichi ndi wakuda acanthosis, chomwe chingakhale chizindikiro cha kukana insulini.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Mu 2009, komiti yapadziko lonse yopangidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku ADA, IDF ndi European Association for the Study of Diabetes adayesa mayeso otsatirawa kuti adziwe matenda a shuga 2.

Glycated hemoglobin test (A1C). Kuyeza magazi kumeneku kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo miyezi iwiri yapitayi. Pa izi, kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi hemoglobin m'magazi kumayezedwa. Mukakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, hemoglobin yochulukirapo imalumikizidwa ndi shuga. Mulingo wa A1C pamwamba pa 6.5%, wopezeka m'mayeso awiri osiyana, umawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga a 2. Zotsatira pakati pa 5.7% ndi 6.4% zikuwonetsa prediabetes. A1C yabwinobwino iyenera kukhala pansi 5.7%.

Ngati mayeso a A1C ndi osatheka, onse pazifukwa zamaukadaulo komanso panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati (mayesowo ndi osadalirika), ndiye kuti dokotala amatha kukupatsani mayeso ena:

1. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa cha izi, magazi ochepa amatengedwa. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amasonyezedwa miligrams pa desilita (mg / dL) kapena mamililita pa lita imodzi (mmol / L). Ku West, njira yoyamba yofotokozera ili ponseponse. Malinga ndi mfundo zaku America, glucose wochepera 140mg / dL (7.8mmol / L) amaonedwa ngati wabwinobwino. Mlingo pakati pa 140mg / dL (7.8mmol / L) ndi 199mg / L (11mmol / L) ndi prediabetes, ndipo pamwamba pa 200mg / dL (11.1mmol / L) amatanthauza matenda ashuga, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa.

2. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi potenga shuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumeneku kumatengedwa m'mawa, chakudya cham'mawa chisanachitike. Kuthamanga kwa shuga m'munsi mwa 100mg / dL (5.6mmol / L) kumawoneka ngati kwabwinobwino. Magawo kuyambira 100 mpaka 125mg / dL (5.6-6.9mmol / L) amawonedwa ngati prediabetes. Magazi a shuga pamtunda wa 126mg / dL (7mmol / L) pamagawo awiri osiyana, akatswiri aku America amalimbikitsa kuganizira za matenda ashuga.

3. Kuyesedwa kwa kulolera kwa glucose.

Pa mayeso awa, munthu amakhala ndi njala usiku wonse, ndipo m'mawa amayeza pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako amamwa madzi ndi shuga, pambuyo pake mayesowo amabwerezedwa kwa maola otsatira. Kuwunikaku kukuwonetsa momwe kapamba amayendera bwino katundu.

American Diabetes Association (ADA) imalimbikitsa mayeso okhazikika a shuga kwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 45. Kuunika ndikuwunikidwanso kuti munthu athetse kunenepa kwambiri, azingokhala, azikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu za amayi apakati, olemedwa ndi mbiri yakale.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga, dokotala angakupatseni mayeso ena othandizira kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa njira yothandizira matenda amishuga amtundu 1 ndi yosiyana.

Type 2 shuga

Kuchiza matenda a shuga a 2 sikuyenereranso mbali zinayi zazikulu:

• Kuyang'anira shuga.
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Chithandizo ndi kuwunika kwa achipatala ziyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, chifukwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amayendetsa bwino matenda a shuga zimabweretsa zovuta zowopsa, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati. Wodwala aliyense ayenera kulandira chithandizo chake mozama.

1. Kuyang'anira shuga.

Kuwongolera kwabwinobwino matenda ashuga sikungatheke popanda kutenga mayeso 4-7 pa sabata. Izi zikuwunikira kufunika kokhala ndi glucometer yanu - chipangizo chonyamula shuga.

Magulu a glucose ayenera kulembedwa kuti athe kusanthula ndi dokotala.

Odwala azisunga zolemba, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe adzaphunzire kulosera momwe thupi lizidzisinthira:

• Chakudya cha tsiku lililonse.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kuvomerezeka kwa mankhwala ena.
• Matenda (kuphatikizapo chimfine).
• Kulandila zakumwa zoledzeletsa.
• Kutaya mtima.
• Kusamba kwa msambo, etc.

2. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, odwala matenda a shuga safuna zakudya zopanda nkhanza kapena zoopsa. M'malo mwake, muyenera kuyang'ana pakudya zipatso zambiri, masamba, ndi tirigu wathunthu. Zogulitsazi zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwanira wathanzi ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zoyipa. M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa zakudya zaz nyama ndi maswiti m'zakudya zanu.

Katswiri wazakudya wazambiri amakuphunzitsani kuwerengera zakudya zamagulu m'zakudya zanu. Komanso, katswiri amakupangirani mapulani okwanira azakudya zabwino komanso zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikufunika kwa inu ndikuyesayesa kukumbukira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamafuta ndikudya zakudya zofanana zamankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku, osapitirira muyeso. Chizolowezi ichi chibwera ndi nthawi.

Kutsindikiza kuyenera kuyikidwa pazinthu zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Mndandanda wa glycemic ukuwonetsa momwe izi zimapangira msanga magazi. Zakudya zamagulu ochepa za glycemic zimathandizira kukhala ndi shuga wokhazikika. Zakudya izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamafuta ambiri.

3. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Wodwala aliyense amafunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Sankhani zochitika zomwe mukufuna ndikuvomerezani dokotala. Madokotala aku America amalimbikitsa kuti odwala ambiri azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 patsiku, osachepera masiku 3-4 pa sabata. Kupereka kochepa kumeneku kukuthandizani kukhala ndi thanzi lanu kwazaka zikubwera.

4. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Anthu ena samadya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti afike pamlingo wabwino wamagazi. Muzochitika izi, madokotala amapereka mankhwala othandizira pakamwa.

Nthawi zambiri mankhwala oyamba othandizira shuga ndi metformin (Glucofage, Siofor) - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka shuga m'chiwindi. Ngati metformin sikokwanira, mankhwala ena akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Pali mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti insulin ipange. Izi zikuphatikizapo glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide ndi glimepiride (Amaryl). Ena amaletsa zochita za ma enzyme omwe amaboola chakudya m'magazi, kapena amapangitsa kuti tiziwoneka bwino ndi insulin, monga pioglitazone (Actos).

Ngati simungathe kumwa metformin, ndiye kuti pali mankhwala ena apakamwa omwe amaphatikizapo sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), repaglinide (Prandin), kapena nateglinide (Starlix). Jakisoni wa Exenatide (Byetta) ndi liraglutide (Victoza) atulutsidwa posachedwapa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala wokha. Mankhwala ena amakhala ndi zoyipa zoyipa. Mwachitsanzo, osati kale kwambiri ku USA kudawululidwa kuti rosiglitazone (Avandia) imagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto la mtima, pambuyo pake FDA nthawi zambiri idaletsa mankhwalawa.

Chithandizo china

Kuphatikiza pa othandizira a hypoglycemic, dokotala atha kukulemberani mankhwala ochepa a Aspirin ndi antihypertensive mankhwala kuti muchepetse zovuta zama mtima (stroke, kugunda kwa mtima). Odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunikiranso kukonzekera insulin. Insulin imangopezeka mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni, ndiye kuti jakisoni ndi yofunika. Insulin imatha kukhala yayitali, yapakatikati kapena yochepa. Dokotala adzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa mitundu ndi phindu la insulin.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso mndandanda wamankhwala pamwambapa 35 (kunenepa kwambiri) atha kukhala ofuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni yolemetsa. Izi zimatchedwa opaleshoni ya bariatric. Pambuyo pa njirayi, shuga msanga amabwereranso ku 55-95% ya odwala. M'tsogolomu, kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino ndikofunikira.

Amayi omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi ya bere amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kusiya mankhwala awo. Metformin, komabe, sinawonetse zotsatira za teratogenic, koma chitetezo chake sichimamveka bwino. Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, mayi amayenera kusinthira kulandira mankhwala a insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza kudzayeneranso m'malo ena - kusintha kwa mankhwala a antihypertensive, etc.

Mavuto owopsa a matenda ashuga:

Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Amachitika ndikuphwanya zakudya, ndikulumpha mankhwala. Zizindikiro: ludzu lakuya, kukodza kwambiri, pakamwa youma, kusawona bwino, kufooka, komanso nseru.

2. Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis.

Izi ndi zomwe kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone mumkodzo. Zimachitika pakakhala kusowa kwa glucose m'maselo pomwe amayamba kuthana ndi mafuta kuti akhale ndi mphamvu. Zizindikiro: kusowa chilala, kufooka, kusanza, kutentha thupi, kupweteka m'mimba, thukuta, kupuma kwa zipatso.

3. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketoacidotic syndrome.

Mkhalidwe wowopsa pamoyo. Zizindikiro: shuga pamtunda wa 600mg / dL (33.3mmol / L), pakamwa pouma, ludzu kwambiri, kutentha thupi 383, kugona, chisokonezo, kuiwalika, kuyerekezera zinthu, kwamikodzo yakuda.

Uku ndi shuga wochepetsedwa m'magazi, omwe amatha kudumphadumpha chakudya, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochulukitsa shuga. Zizindikiro: thukuta, kunjenjemera, kufooka, kugona, chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, palpitations, kuyankhula pang'onopang'ono, kuperewera, chisokonezo ndi kugwidwa.

Mavuto a Type 2 shuga

Matenda a 2 a shuga, ngati anyalanyazidwa, amathanso kukhudza ziwalo zofunika, kuphatikizapo mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha, maso, ndi impso.

Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi shuga yomwe ingathandize kupewa zovuta izi:

• Atherosulinosis.
• Matenda oopsa.
• Angina pectoris.
• Stroko ndi mtima.
• Nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa impso).
• Neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha).
• retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa retina).
• Matenda a shuga.
• Matenda apakhungu.
• Matenda opatsirana.
• Kumva kuwonongeka.
• Matenda a Alzheimer's.

Malangizo a Odwala Matenda a shuga Awiri

Kuti muthane ndi matenda anu bwino komanso kuti muchepetse zovuta, tsatirani malangizo awa:

Dziwani zambiri za matenda ashuga. Lumikizanani ndi madokotala ndikuwerenga mabuku odwala. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhale athanzi komanso athanzi.
Dziwitsani. Ndikofunika kuvala chibangili chapadera ndi cholembera kuti munthu akudwala matenda ashuga. Izi zithandiza kupereka thandizo mwachangu komanso koyenera ngati china chake chachitika.
• Khalani ndi mayeso apachaka olimbitsa thupi ndikuyendera pafupipafupi matenda a maso. Izi ndizofunikira munthawi yake kuti muzindikire zovuta za matenda ashuga.
• Chitani katemera onse. Matenda a shuga amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, motero kupewa matenda opatsirana sikungakhale kopambanitsa.
• Samalani mano anu. Matenda a shuga amakupangitsani kuti muchepetse matenda a chingamu. Pukuta mano anu kawiri pa tsiku, ndikukutulutsa ndikuyendera mano anu kawiri pachaka.
• Penyani phazi lanu. Sambani mapazi anu m'madzi ofunda. Sambani kutsuka mapazi ndikuwapaka ndi mafuta odzola.Yang'anirani phazi lanu, mabala, kapena kufiira. Ngati muli ndi mavuto, pitani kwa dokotala.
• Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kumwa mankhwala a antihypertensive kumathandiza kupewa matenda amtima.
• Onetsetsani kuti mukusiya kusuta. Kumbukirani kuti kusuta kumawonjezera mwayi wanu wodwala matenda ashuga monga kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komanso matenda a impso.
• Musamwe mowa kwambiri. Mowa ungayambitse kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musamamwe odwala matenda ashuga.
• Pewani kupsinjika. Phunzirani kupewa kupanikizika kuntchito komanso kunyumba. Pewani zolimbana ndi nkhawa chifukwa ndi zoipa thanzi lanu. Maluso apumulo apamwamba, kugona mokwanira, osadzichulukitsa.

Ngakhale zili zonse, konzekerani m'njira yabwino. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa, koma mankhwala amakono amakupatsani mwayi wowongolera. Ngati muchita zonse zomwe zimadalira inu, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wosangalatsa.

Gulu

Mu 1999, World Health Organisation idatchula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ngati matenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa insulini kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin (insulin kukana).

Mu 2009, pulofesa waku America, R. De Fronzo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adafotokozera zojambula zomwe zinali ngati "octet" wowopsa pamankhwala ofunikira am'thupi omwe amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia. Zinadziwika kuti kuwonjezera pa insulin yolimbana ndi maselo a chiwindi, kutsekeka kwa minyewa komanso kukomoka kwa maselo, kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya kuperewera, kuchuluka kwa glucagon ndi ma cell a pancreatic, kutsegula kwa lipolysis ndi adipocytes, kuchuluka kwa aimpso kuwonjezerera, komanso kuvulala kumathandizira gawo lachiwiri la matenda a shuga. kufala kwa neurotransmitter pamlingo wamkati wamanjenje. Chiwembu ichi, chomwe chinkawonetsa kusanthula kwa matendawa, mpaka posachedwapa, akuwonetsa bwino za malingaliro amakono pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Komabe, mu 2016, gulu la asayansi, lotsogozedwa ndi a Stanley S. Schwartz, linaganiza mwanjira ina ya "kusintha", yowonjezeredwa ndi maulalo ena atatu pakupanga hyperglycemia: kutupa kwadongosolo, kusintha kwa zam'mimba m'matumbo microflora ndi kupangika kwa amylin. Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, njira 11 zolumikizana zomwe zimayambitsa kupitilira kwa shuga ndizodziwika kale.

Sinthani Magulu |Zambiri

Liwu loti "shuga" limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "kumatha, kutanthauza" matendawa amatanthauza "kutuluka kwa shuga", "kutayika kwa shuga", lomwe limafotokozera chizindikiro chachikulu - kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, kapena shuga osadalira insulini, amakula motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonjezeka kwa minofu yolimbana ndi insulin komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magawo a ma islets a Langerhans. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, momwe kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambira, matenda amtundu wa 2, kuchepa kwa ma cell ndi chifukwa chokhala ndi insulin nthawi yayitali. Ma data a Epidemiological ndi opambana kwambiri, kutengera mtundu, chikhalidwe chachuma. Ku Russia, kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi 7%, 85% ya mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga. Izi zimachuluka pakati pa anthu azaka zopitilira 40-45.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2

Kukula kwa matendawa kumayambitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa cholowa chamtsogolo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza thupi moyo wonse. Mwa kukula, zovuta zakunja zimachepetsa chidwi cha maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin, chifukwa chomwe amasiya kulandira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga wachiwiri:

Kunenepa kwambiri Minofu ya Adipose imachepetsa kuthekera kwa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa, kunenepa kwambiri kumatsimikiziridwa mu 80-90% ya odwala.
Hypodynamia. Kuchepa kwa ntchito zamagalimoto kumayipira ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri ndipo kumathandizira kuchepetsa njira ya metabolic m'maselo. Khalidwe la hypodynamic limayendera limodzi ndi shuga wambiri ndi minyewa yake komanso kuchuluka kwake m'magazi.
Zakudya zopanda pake. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi kudya kwambiri - kudya kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu. Choipa china ndikugwiritsa ntchito shuga wambiri woyengeka, yemwe amalowa m'magazi mwachangu, ndikupangitsa "kudumpha" mu insulin yotulutsa.
Matenda a Endocrine. Mawonekedwe a shuga amatha chifukwa cha endocrine pathologies. Pali zochitika zina zotsutsana ndi kapamba, zotupa za pakhungu, kuchepa kwa pituitary, hypo- kapena hyperfunction ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kapena gland ya adrenal.
Matenda opatsirana. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, chiwonetsero chachikulu cha shuga chimalembedwa ngati chovuta cha matenda oyamba ndi kachilombo. Oopsa kwambiri ndi fuluwenza, herpes ndi hepatitis.

Pa mtima wa mtundu wa 2 shuga ndikuphwanya kagayidwe ka chakudya chifukwa cha kukana kwa maselo ku insulin (insulin kukana). Kuthekera kwa minofu kutenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito glucose kumachepetsedwa, mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa shuga wa plasma, ukupanga, njira zina zopangira mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta acids aulere ndi ma amino acid amathandizidwa. Kulipiritsa hyperglycemia, thupi limachotsa kwambiri glucose kudzera mu impso. Kuchuluka kwake mu mkodzo kumawonjezeka, glucosuria amakula. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi azinthu zachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ochepa, zomwe zimakwiyitsa polyuria - kukodza kambiri pafupipafupi ndi kuchepa kwamadzi ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwamadzi komanso kusowa kwa madzi m'magetsi. Zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ashuga zimafotokozedwa ndi njirazi - ludzu kwambiri, khungu lowuma, kufooka, arrhythmias.

Hyperglycemia amasintha njira ya peptide ndi lipid metabolism. Zotsalira za shuga zimaphatikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu a mapuloteni ndi mafuta, kusokoneza ntchito zawo, kusokonekera kwa glucagon mu kapamba kumachitika, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta komwe kumapangitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, kubwezeretsanso kwa glucose ndi impso kumakulitsidwa, transmitter imalekeka mu dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo minofu yamatumbo imakhala ikuvulazidwa. Chifukwa chake, njira za pathogenetic za matenda ashuga zomwe zimayambitsa maselo pathologies (angiopathy), dongosolo lamanjenje (neuropathy), dongosolo logaya chakudya, komanso timimba ta endocrine secretion. Njira yotsatira ya pathogenetic ndikusowa kwa insulin. Amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo, chifukwa cha kufooka komanso kufa mwachilengedwe kwa β-cell. Popita nthawi, kuchepa kwa insulini m'malo mwake kumasinthidwa. Kudalira kwachiwiri kwa insulin kumachitika, odwala amadziwika ndi insulin.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, poyambira mawonekedwe sawonekera, izi zimasokoneza mayesowo. Chizindikiro choyamba ndikuwonjezera ludzu. Odwala amamva pakamwa pouma, amamwa malita atatu ndi atatu patsiku. Momwemo, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo ndi chidwi chotsitsa chikhodzodzo. Ana amatha kukhala ndi enursis, makamaka usiku. Chifukwa chokodza pafupipafupi komanso shuga wambiri mumkodzo wowonjezera, khungu la inguinal limasokonekera, kuyabwa kumachitika, redness imawonekera. Pang'onopang'ono, kuyabwa kuphimba pamimba, m'khosi, m'miyendo ndi m'mawondo. Kusakwanira kwa glucose wokwanira minofu kumapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, odwala amakhala ndi njala pokhapokha maola awiri atatha kudya. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa caloric, kulemera kumakhalabe komweko kapena kuchepa, chifukwa glucose samamwa, koma amatayika ndi mkodzo wothira.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera ndikutopa, kumangokhala wotopa, kugona kwanthawi masana, ndi kufooka. Khungu limakhala louma, lionda, limakonda kupindika, matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Zipatso zimawoneka mosavuta pathupi. Mabala ndi abrasions amachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilomboka. Atsikana ndi amayi, amisala amtundu wa chibadwa amakula, mwa anyamata ndi amuna, matenda amkodzo. Odwala ambiri amafotokoza kutulutsa kwamphamvu m'minwe, dzanzi. Mukatha kudya, mumatha kumva kusanza komanso kusanza. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwezedwa, kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire sizachilendo.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2

Mu endocrinology yothandiza, njira yodziwira bwino yothandizira mankhwalawa ndiofala. M'mayambiriro oyamba a matendawa, cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwa moyo wa odwala ndi upangiri komwe akatswiri akukambirana za njira za shuga ndi shuga. Ndi hyperglycemia yosatha, funso la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala limathetsedwa. Mulingo wathunthu wa zochizira umaphatikizapo:

Zakudya. Njira yayikulu yazakudya ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka m'mafuta ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Makamaka "owopsa" ndizopangira shuga - zotsekemera, maswiti, chokoleti, zakumwa zotsekemera za kaboni. Zakudya za odwala zimakhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zamkaka, nyama, mazira, kuchuluka kwa chimanga. Zakudya zowoneka bwino, zoperewera zochepa, kukana mowa ndi zonunkhira ndizofunikira.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Odwala omwe alibe zovuta zovuta za matenda ashuga amawonetsedwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbitsa njira za oxidation (masewera aerobic). Kutalika kwawo, kutalika ndi kulimba kwake kumatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Odwala ambiri amaloledwa kuyenda, kusambira ndi kuyenda. Nthawi yapakati pa phunzilo limodzi ndi mphindi 30-60, pafupipafupi ndi katatu pa 3-6 pa sabata.
Mankhwala. Ntchito mankhwala a magulu angapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma gluuanides ndi thiazolidinediones, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa insulin, maselo omwe amapezeka m'magazi komanso kupangira chiwindi, ndi ponseponse. Ndi mphamvu yawo yokwanira, mankhwalawa amayikidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za insulin: DPP-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, meglitinides.

Zotsogola ndi kupewa

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndikuwonetsetsa momwe odwala akuwathandizira ku matenda ashuga kungathe kubwezeretsedweratu, momwe standardoglycemia imapitilira kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo moyo wa odwala amakhalabe wokwera. Popewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yayikulu, kuletsa zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta, njira yabwino yazakudya. Ndikofunika kupewa kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatsa thupi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ngati mukuyenda tsiku lililonse, kusewera masewera kawiri pa sabata. Kuwunikira pafupipafupi shuga kumakhala kofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (onenepa kwambiri, okhwima ndi ukalamba, milandu ya matenda ashuga pakati pa abale).

Mtundu 2 wa shuga

Pali mitundu ingapo ya sah. matenda ashuga:

Zachikazi - mkhalidwe wa prediabetes mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa. Pakadali pano, matenda azachipatala ndi a labotale a matenda amapezeka.
Zobisika - kusintha pang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sizimawoneka, koma zakudya za m'magazi a plasma mukatha kudya zimachepa pang'onopang'ono kuposa zabwinobwino.
Zofotokozedwa - zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga amadziwika. Zizindikiro za shuga mu mkodzo ndi magazi zimaposa zovomerezeka.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana:

Pa giredi 1, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sizimawonedwa. Mafuta a m'magazi amawonjezereka pang'ono, shuga mu mkodzo kulibe.
Ndi madigiri awiri owonetsera matendawa, amayamba kuonekera kale. Shuga amadziwika mkodzo, ndipo glucose amatuluka m'magazi oposa 10 mmol / L.
Digiri yachitatu ya matenda ashuga kwambiri. Mitengo ya plasma ndi mkodzo imaposa ziwonetsero zovuta, ndipo Zizindikiro zakukula kwa vuto la hyperglycemic zimawonedwa. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira.

Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga ndiowopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake.

Akulu kuchuluka kwa shuga mu madzi am`magazi amachititsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zamkati, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa izi:

Atherosulinosis. Shuga owonjezera amachititsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zamagazi ndi kapangidwe ka cholesterol plaque pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.
Retinopathy. Chifukwa chophwanya magazi, madzi am'mimba amawonongeka, ndipo nthawi imayamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale khungu.
Nephropathy. Kusintha kwa minyewa ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti impso zisakwanitse, zomwe zimaphwanya ntchito zawo zowonekera komanso zosefera ndipo zimathandizira kuti mapangidwe aimpso alephere.
Pathology imayambitsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda opatsirana.
Kuchepetsa magazi kutsitsa kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ubwere m'mtima, bongo, kumayambitsa mathero amitsempha. Zonsezi zimakwiyitsa chitukuko cha ischemia, matenda oopsa, matenda a sitiroko ndi mtima.
Coma. Kulipidwa kosakwanira kwa shuga okwanira kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwake ndikuwonekera kwa zovuta zowopsa - hyperglycemic coma. Mwakutero, kusowa kwa chithandizo chakanthawi kumatha kubweretsa imfa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

The pathogenesis ya mtundu 2 matenda a shuga ndikuchepetsa chidwi cha ma cell receptors kuti apange insulin. Thupi silikhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mahomoni, koma ntchito ya insulin imalephera, maselo ake sazindikira ndipo samachita. Chifukwa chake, glucose sangalowe mu minofu, ndipo kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumakulanso.

Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga 1, matenda amtundu wa 2 amapangidwa mwa akulu pambuyo pa zaka 35, komanso osachiritsidwa. Pazomwezi pamakhala chifukwa chosowa mankhwala a insulin, ndipo mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi kudya mosamalitsa amafunikira, chifukwa chake mtundu uwu wa shuga umatchedwa osadalira insulini.

Chikhulupiriro cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 sichimamveka bwinobwino.

Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi pamaso pawo:

osiyanasiyana kunenepa,
chibadwire
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi (diuretics, mahomoni, corticosteroids),
matenda opatsirana
nthawi yobala mwana,
matenda a chiwindi
zovuta za endocrine,
zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono,
kuvutitsidwa ndi maswiti komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri othamanga,
chizolowezi chomangodya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa,
nthawi yayitali yovuta
mowa ndi chikumbumtima cha bongo,
matenda oopsa
Mtundu ndi jenda mwa akazi amapezeka ndi matenda pafupipafupi kuposa amuna, ndipo oimira mtundu wakuda nthawi zambiri kuposa ku Europe.

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali popanda kuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzindikira kwa matenda mu gawo loyambirira la mapangidwe.

M'tsogolo, mutha kulabadira izi:

ludzu losakwanira ndi chilakolako cha chakudya,
kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri,
tulo ndi kugona tulo masana,
kusweka, kusokonekera,
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe,
kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi,
kuyanika kwa mucous nembanemba zamkamwa ndi pakhungu,
kumverera kwa kuyabwa
thukuta kwambiri, makamaka usiku,
kukonda matenda opatsirana,
mawonekedwe otupa komanso ovuta kuchiritsa zilonda zapakhungu,
matenda amkamwa
dzanzi la miyendo
kupweteketsa mutu ndi mseru.

Njira zochizira

Kukula pang'ono kwa matendawa kumalola kukhalabe ndi glucose ofunikira pokhapokha pazakudya komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito zamagalimoto odwala. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndizokwanira.

Ngati sizotheka kukwaniritsa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wa plasma, ndiye kuti mankhwala amalembedwa.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimayamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi, ndipo mtsogolomo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo kumayikidwa. Nthawi zina, pitani ku mankhwala a insulin.

Pochiza matenda a shuga, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:

timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri (Sitagliptin, Starlix),
Metformin - mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha ma cell receptors ku insulin,
mavitamini okhala ndi ascorbic acid, mavitamini A, E ndi gulu B,
othandizira otsitsa shuga (Siofor, Glucofage),
mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga mumkodzo ndi madzi am'magazi, ndikubwezeretsa chidwi cha receptors (Rosiglitazone),
Kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea (Glimepiride, Chlorpropamide).

Kusintha kwa Zakudya Zabwino

Kuti izi zitheke, odwala ayenera kusiya zotsatirazi:

mbale zokhala ndi mchere wambiri, zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira,
nyama zophika, zokazinga ndi zotsekemera,
zinthu zophika mkate kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu, makeke ndi maswiti,
soseji ndi pasitala kuchokera kumitundu yofewa ya tirigu,
nsomba, nyama ndi mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri,
msuzi wokometsera komanso wamafuta,
mpunga woyera, semolina ndi mafuta a nyama,
msuzi wokoma, timadziti tambiri, khofi wamphamvu.

Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukhala maziko a zakudya:

mpunga wa bulauni, barele wa peyala, burwheat, pasitirosi ya tirigu,
tirigu wathunthu ndi buledi wa rye,
zitsamba zatsopano, masamba ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso,
skim mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa
nsomba zam'nyanja, nsomba zondaonda ndi nyama, nyama ya nkhuku, nkhuku ndi kalulu,
zipatso ndi tiyi wopanda shuga wowonjezera,
mafuta a masamba, mtedza, nyemba ndi mazira.

Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:

mbale zimawotchera, kuphika, kuphika,
sinthani shuga ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe,
Pakhale zakudya zitatu zazikuluzikulu ndi zakudya zazing'ono patsiku,
magawo azikhala ochepa - simuyenera kudya mopitirira muyeso, koma simungathe kumva njala,
tengani mavitamini ambiri
kupatula mowa
kudya mazira ndi zipatso zosapezekanso kangapo pamlungu,
Musanadye komanso mutatha kudya, pimani shuga.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kutsatiridwa kufikira kumapeto kwa moyo. Kuphatikiza ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kudya ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso mankhwala.

Chifukwa cha zakudya zoyenera, mutha kuchepetsa kunenepa, kuchepetsa matenda othamanga magazi komanso kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matendawa azisamalidwa komanso kupewa.

Phunziro la kanema pankhani ya zakudya mu shuga 2:

Zithandizo za anthu

Ma infusions ndi decoctions a mankhwala othandizira amatha kuthandizira kuchepa kwa magazi, koma njira zamankhwala zikhalidwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo povomerezana ndi dokotala komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala komanso zakudya:

Peel 30 g wa ginger, zilowerere ola limodzi m'madzi ozizira komanso pogaya. Thirani mu 250 ml ya madzi owiritsa ndikuyimira maola awiri. Sefa ndi kuchepetsa ndi tiyi, kumwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Sakanizani 0,5 tsp. tsamba lam Bay, turmeric ndi aloe juice. Apatseni ola limodzi kuti ayime ndi kudya mphindi 30 asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo.
M'magalasi 4 amadzi, kutsanulira 100 g a akanadulidwa owuma Yerusalemu artichoke. Bweretsani chithupsa ndi kusitha kwa ola limodzi kuposa kutentha kochepa. Tengani 50 ml tsiku lililonse.
M'makapu 1.5 amadzi owiritsa, ponyani zidutswa 10 za masamba a bay. Mukawiritsa kwa mphindi pafupifupi 7, wiritsani kwa maola asanu. Sefa ndikugawa magawo atatu. Aliyense amamwa masana. Pumulani kwa milungu iwiri ndikubwereza.
Pogaya buckwheat kukhala ufa ndi supuni kusakaniza ndi 100 ml ya kefir. Aime kaye usiku ndikumwa m'mawa. Bwerezani madzulo musanagone.
Pogaya theka lalimu lalikulu limodzi ndi udzu winawake kapena muzu wa parsley. Kuyiwalitsa mphindi 10 kuyambira nthawi yophika ndikudya supuni yayikulu musanadye kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

DM 2 mwa ana

M'mbuyomu, matenda ashuga a 2 anali matenda a okalamba, koma tsopano zamankhwala zikuwonjezerekanso muubwana.

Makolo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la mwana ndipo ayenera kufunsa dokotala ngati zizindikiro zotsatirazi zazindikira:

kukakamira pafupipafupi kumwa komanso kuyenda maulendo angapo kupita kuchimbudzi,
kusokonezeka kwa tulo ndi chisangalalo,
kulumikizana
kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
matenda a mano ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe,
kuwonda mwadzidzidzi kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
kumva kulira ndi miyendo.
maonekedwe a kuyabwa
kufooka kwathunthu ndi kutopa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kuubwana zimaphatikizapo:

kudya chakudya
mavuto azakudya
chibadwa
zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono,
Matenda a shuga kwa mayi nthawi yapakati,
kunenepa
matenda opatsirana komanso ma virus.

Chithandizo cha matendawa mu ana chimadalira pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya kupatula zakudya ndi maswiti apamwamba kwambiri.

Kuchokera njira zachikhalidwe, mutha kuyesa njira izi:

1 tbsp. l sakanizani viniga cider viniga mu 250 ml ya madzi ndikuwapatsa mwana kuti amwe 50 ml mumadontho angapo,
ndi theka la supuni ya tiyi ya mchere wosungunuka mu 250 ml ya mkaka ofunda ndikupatsa mwana tsiku lililonse,
Finyani msuzi kuchokera kumiyala yam'miyendo ya ku Yerusalemu ndipo mumatenga 100 ml kwa milungu 4 m'mawa, masana ndi madzulo.

Kanema wochokera kwa dokotala wotchuka wa dokotala Komarovsky wokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana:

Kupewa

Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kupewedwa ndikutsatira moyo wathanzi.

Ndikofunika kutsatira mfundo zingapo:

patsani nthawi tsiku lililonse pamayendedwe atali kapena masewera,
sinthani kulemera kwanu, kupewa kuwoneka ngati mapaundi owonjezera,
kukhala ndi zakudya zokwanira, kudya chakudya kangapo 5 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuchepetsa shuga ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri othamanga,
musaiwale za madzi oyera - imwani magalasi 6 tsiku lililonse,
onjezani chitetezo chokwanira potenga mavitamini,
lekani kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso chikonga cha chikonga,
osadzilimbitsa, kumwa mankhwala okhawo omwe adalangizidwa ndi adokotala,
miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse akamayesedwa,
ngati zizindikiro zowopsa zikapezeka, osazengereza, funsani dokotala.

Njira zodzitetezera zomwe zingalepheretse chitukuko cha matenda a shuga sizitengera ndalama komanso sizimabweretsa zovuta. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, matendawo ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutenga thanzi lanu mozama ndikupewa kuchitika kwa matenda akulu.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga?

Njira zamankhwala zimadalira glucose metabolism. Uwu ndiye mphamvu yayikulu pamoyo wake wonse. Mwachitsanzo, ubongo umagwira ntchito chifukwa cha zinthu zopanda chilengedwe - glucose.

Kuwonongeka, chinthuchi chimapanga chinthu chomangira mankhwala ofunikira monga:

mafuta
agologolo
Zamoyo zovuta mwanjira ya hemoglobin, cholesterol, etc.

Kuchepa kwa glucose kagayidwe kachakudya m'maselo a shuga kumapangitsa kuti masinthidwe a mafuta ndi mapuloteni asinthe. Mchere wamchere, asidi-acid woyenera umakhala wokwanira. Zosintha izi zimatha kuzindikira mayeso a labotale.

Makhalidwe a Type 2 shuga

Kulemera kwambiri. Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi chizolowezi cha kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kusaphunzira komanso kukhala ndi chizolowezi chomangodya kwambiri.
Khalidweli. Matenda a 2 a shuga nthawi zambiri amatengera cholowa. Ngati mu mtundu woyamba wa insulin kuchepa ndikofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mu mtundu wachiwiri - wachibale wokha. Nthawi zambiri insulin m'magazi imakhala yokwanira, ndipo nthawi zina imaposa yachibadwa. Koma minyewa imataya chidwi nayo.
Kupanda zizindikiritso munthawi yoyambira. Zovuta zoyipa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali ngati palibe chizindikiro cha matendawa. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndiye chiopsezo chake chachikulu.

Matumbo am'mimba sangathe kuyamwa shuga kwathunthu, chifukwa odwala nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa minofu ndi glucose. Ngati kufooka kwa pancreatic kumachitika, madokotala amalimbikitsa insulin mwanjira ya mankhwala. Koma izi sizimangopulumutsa pomwepo; zovuta zambiri zimakhalapo nthawi imeneyi. Chifukwa matendawa amafunikira kuwunikidwa kwakanthawi, chithandizo chanthawi zonse komanso chololera moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala. Kunyalanyaza malingaliro a madokotala kumadzetsa kuwonongeka kowopsa.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire pakati pa shuga 1 ndi mtundu 2

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1:

kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri
kumverera kokhazikika kwa ludzu
kuwonda.

Thandizo Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo ndikuchitika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa glucose mmenemo. Zimakhala chotchinga kuti impso zibwezeretsenso madzi kuchokera mkodzo woyamba. Kutayika kwa madzi kusiya thupi ndi mkodzo kumaphatikizanso njira yowonetsera. Wodwala amakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse. Kwa izi zoyipa zimawonjezera kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwa minofu (pomwe sikokwanira insulin) pokonza shuga. Matani amakakamizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mapuloteni ambiri monga zopangira, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonda.

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kakulidwe ka zizindikiro kamawonedwa mofulumira. Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amasonyezanso molondola kwambiri matendawo. Mwachitsanzo, awa atha kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala ena kapena atagwedezeka mwamphamvu. Monga lamulo, tikulankhula za achinyamata.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Awiri A shuga

Wodwala nthawi zambiri amapempha thandizo kuchipatala pomwe zimayamba kumuwopsa.

Yang'anani! Matenda a shuga a mawonekedwe awa kwa nthawi yayitali sakudzikumbutsa okha ndi zodziwika ndi zizindikiritso. Ili ndiye chiopsezo chake komanso kusiyana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 1.

Nthawi zina, mutha kuwonetsa zilembo zingapo zosatsata:

maliseche (azimayi),
machiritso amthupi omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizitupa,
kamwa yowuma
kufooka kwa minofu.

Posazindikira kuyambika kwa matenda a shuga a 2, wodwalayo amapempha chithandizo:

retinopathies
amphaka
matenda a mtima
kufalikira kwamatumbo
zotupa zam'mimba m'miyendo,
kulephera kwa aimpso, ndi zina zambiri.

Pokhala ndi chidandaulo cha zomwe zimadziwika ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa. Dokotala amayenera kudziwa kuyambika kwa zovuta zazikulu za metabolic (ngati njira zotere zilipo mwanjira yotsala). Thanzi ndi moyo wa wodwala zimatengera izi.

Chithandizo choyenera ndikulimbana ndi chifukwa choona cha zovuta zoyipa!

Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikuwonetsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

Zaka zolimba za wodwalayo (kuyambira zaka 45 ndi kupitilira).
Zizindikiro zowopsa pamsana wakulemera.

Makamaka chidwi chake chiyenera kulipira mkhalidwe wa khungu. Kukhalapo kwa kutupa ndi kukanda nthawi zambiri kumatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi amtunduwu.

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lolemetsa. Kuchepetsa thupi ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, kulemera ndi mtundu wachiwiri.

Dokotala akaganiza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ashuga, ayenera kusankha mayeso owonjezera angapo kuti amvetse bwino za chipatalachi.

Kodi kukhazikitsa matenda? Malangizo othandiza kudziwa shuga

Mafuta a m'magazi amayeza kamodzi kapena kawiri (m'masiku ochepa).
Magazi amayenera kutengedwa kuti aunikidwe m'mawa komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Zizindikiro ziwiri kapena zingapo zadokotala zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunikiridwa.
Pazowunikira kwambiri pakuwona zotsatira, kuyesedwa kuyenera kuchitika mu kupumula ndikuwonjezera mpumulo.

Zochita zakunja ndizabwino kwambiri! Izi ndi zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga (monga chiwonetsero cha kuyankha pamavuto).

Zowonjezera zoletsa patsiku lamayeso

kukana zolimbitsa thupi,
choletsa mowa ndi fodya,
kukana zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Gawo lomaliza limatanthawuza kuti wodwalayo mayeso asanaweretse ayenera kusiyanitsa:

adrenaline
khofi
glucocorticoids,
kulera kwamlomo.

Pamaso panjira, wodwalayo amatenga njira yapadera (shuga wowona - 75 g).

Zotsatira zabwinobwino

Kuchuluka kwa 7.8 mmol / L maola awiri atatha kuyamwa kwa yankho.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo a 7.8 - 11 mmol / L. Dziwani chifukwa cha kulolerana kwa glucose.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndende ya glucose owonjezera 11 mmol / L. Ngati izi zalembedwa patatha maola awiri chiyesedwe, matenda a shuga akupezeka.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira zonse ziwiri zakuzindikira zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa glycemia (kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi) mowunika panthawi yoyesedwa. Kukonza kuchuluka kwa glucose, mwachitsanzo, miyezi ingapo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Zindikirani Glycosylated hemoglobin imapangidwa potengera shuga. Chizoloŵezi ndicho kuphatikizika kwake mpaka 5.9% (maziko ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin). Kuchulukitsa mulingo wabwinobwino wa HbA1 ndi umboni wa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi ingapo.

Kuyesedwa kwamtunduwu ndikofunikira kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera cha odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yonse ya shuga.

Acetonuria - njira inanso yowonetsera matendawa

Matendawa amabweretsa zovuta za metabolic. Muyenera kusamala makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi am'mimba, omwe ndi zinthu zapakati pazogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a ma cell a ketone. Ngati mkodzo wa wodwalayo uli ndi matupi ambiri a ketone, njira zonse ziyenera kutengedwa kuti muchepetse ketoacidosis, zovuta za matenda.

Zindikirani Kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2, sikofunikira kudziwa zigawo za insulin komanso zinthu zama metabolic m'magazi. Izi ndizofunikira pokhazikitsa chithunzi cholondola chachipatala (kusowa kapena peptide "C" m'magazi) kwa matenda amtundu woyamba.

Njira zowonjezera zowunika

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga omwe amawaganizira kuti nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mayeso amtunduwu:

retinopathy - (mayeso a fundus),
electrocardiogram kuti mupeze matenda amtima,
excretory urography (matenda a nephropathy / aimpso kulephera).

Kafukufuku wambiri amatsimikizira kulondola kwa matendawo.

Kuti mupeze matenda anu ndi kupereka mankhwala abwino a mankhwalawa, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika. Wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa katswiri pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga.

Kuyang'ana makamaka

kumangokhala ndi njala,
kukodza pafupipafupi
kamwa yowuma
kutupa ndi totupa pakhungu,
kunenepa.

Dokotala adzalembera mayeso, komanso mayeso owonjezera, ngati pakufunika. Ziyenera kuchitika mosalephera! Chithandizo chokwanira chimatengera mwachindunji chithunzi chonse cha matendawa komanso kuphunzira zotsatira zoyesedwa.

Wodwalayo sayenera kudziwa yekha matenda ake a shuga, ndipo makamaka momwe amadziwitsira yekha! Kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kwa maphikidwe a anthu wowerengeka (ngakhale kuchiritsa zitsamba) ndikutsatira upangiri wa charlatans popanda ma diploma nawonso sikuloledwa. Dalirani thanzi lanu kokha akatswiri.

Matenda a 2 a matenda ashuga

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu II ndi insulin kukana (kutayika kwa mayankho a maselo ku insulin), chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe komanso majini, ndikupitilira motsutsana ndi kusokonezeka kwa cell-cell. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofufuza, ndi insulini kukana, kuchuluka kwa insulin zolandilira mu minofu kumachepa ndikusamutsidwa (chromosomal mutation) ya GLUT-4 (GLUT4) kumachitika.

Masewera okwanira a insulin m'magazi (hyperinsulinemia) kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zolandila pama cell omwe mukufuna. Popita nthawi, ma cell a β cell samayankhanso kuthamanga kwa glucose. Zotsatira zake, kuperewera kwa insulin kumapangidwa, momwe kulolerana kwa chakudya kumachepa.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose (shuga) mu minofu, kuwonjezereka kwa magwiridwe a glycogen kuwonongeka kwa glucose ndikupanga shuga kuchokera ku zinthu zopanda carbohydrate mu chiwindi, potero kumakulitsa kupanga kwa glucose ndikupangitsa kuchuluka hyperglycemia - Chizindikiro chokhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Malekezero a zotumphukira zamagalasi am'madzi amapanga peptide ya calcitonin. Zimathandizira kupewera katemera wa insulin poyambitsa njira ya ATP-yotengera potaziyamu (K +) m'matumbo a β-cell, komanso kuponderesa mafupa am'magazi a glucose.

Miyezo yambiri ya leptin - yoyang'anira yayikulu ya mphamvu ya metabolism - imathandizira kupondereza insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yolimba.

Chifukwa chake, kukana insulini kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe kachakudya: kulekerera kwamphamvu ya thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, dyslipoproteinemia ndi atherosulinosis. Hyperinsulinemia imachita mbali yayikulu pathogenesis yamatenda amenewa, monga chifukwa chotsutsana ndi insulin.

Gulu ndi magawo a chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2

Pakadali pano, akatswiri a shuga a ku Russia amawerengera matenda ashuga kwambiri, komanso chifukwa cha kagayidwe kazakudya. Komabe, International Diabetes Federation (MFD) nthawi zambiri imasintha zolinga za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga komanso gulu la zovuta zake. Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri a matenda ashuga a ku Russia amakakamizidwa kusintha mtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri omwe amavomerezedwa ku Russia malinga ndi kuuma komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawo.

Pali magawo atatu a zovuta zamatenda:

I digiri - pali zizindikiro za zovuta, kukanika kwa ziwalo zina zamkati ndi kachitidwe. Kuwongolera vutoli kumatheka potsatira kudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi jakisoni ndi mankhwala.
II degree - m'malo mwachangu pali zovuta za chiwalo cha masomphenyawo, pali gawo lobisika la mkodzo mkodzo, mavuto okhala ndi malekezero amawonekera. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zakudya sizimapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Giredi III - shuga ndi mapuloteni amaziwidwa mu mkodzo, ndipo kulephera kwa impso kumayamba. Kufikira pano, matenda a zamankhwala samachiritsika.

Malinga ndi mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, magawo otsatirawa a shuga II amadziwika:

kulipidwa - shuga wabwinobwino wamwazi wopezeka chifukwa cha mankhwalawa komanso kusowa kwa shuga mkodzo,
subcompated - kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (mpaka 13.9 mmol / l) ndi mkodzo (mpaka 50 g / l) ndiwofatsa, pomwe mulibe acetone mu mkodzo,
kuwola - zizindikiro zonse zokhala ndi gawo logulika zimachulukitsidwa kwambiri, acetone imapezeka mkodzo.