Kusiyana pakati pa Augmentin ndi ma penicillin ochiritsira othandizira

Antibiotic woyamba m'mbiri ya anthu adapezeka mu 1928. Inali penicillin. Wasayansi wina wa ku Britain dzina lake Alexander Fleming adatulukira mwangozi izi. Anaona kuti nkhungu muma labotale imapha mabakiteriya. Penicillin anapatukana ndi bowa wotchedwa Penicillium.

Kutengera ndi izi, mankhwala atsopano opangira maantibayotiki amapezeka pang'onopang'ono - Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline ndi ena. M'zaka makumi angapo zoyambirira, zotsatira za mankhwala a penicillin anali amphamvu kwambiri. Adaononga mabakiteriya onse okhala mkati mwa thupi komanso pakhungu (mabala). Komabe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pang'ono ndi pang'ono tinayambanso kukana ma penicillin ndipo tinaphunzira kuwononga mothandizidwa ndi michere yapadera - beta-lactamases.

Makamaka poonjezera mphamvu ya ma cell a penicillin, akatswiri opanga mankhwala apanga mankhwala ophatikiza ndi kuwateteza ku beta-lactamases. Mankhwalawa akuphatikiza European Augmentin 1000, yomwe yawonjezeranso mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya amitundu yambiri. Augmentin 1000 imapangidwa ndi kampani yopanga zamankhwala GaloxoSmithKline S.p.A. (Italy). Kuyambira 1906, GSK yakhala ikutulutsa mankhwala apamwamba komanso othandiza kwambiri pochiza komanso kupewa matenda ambiri.

Zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri mu Augmentin 1000 ndi amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid.

Amoxicillin ndi anti-virus wambiri. M'maselo a bakiteriya, amatchinga kapangidwe ka peptidoglycan - kachitidwe kofunikira ka membrane wa maselo. Kuwonongeka ndi kuwonda kwa nembanemba kumapangitsa mabakiteriya kukhala pachiwopsezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi lathu. Mothandizidwa ndi amoxicillin, leukocytes ndi macrophages amawononga mosavuta tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya omwe amathandizira amachepetsedwa ndikuchira pang'onopang'ono.

Clavulanic acid yokha ilibe mphamvu yotsimikizira antibacterial, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi penicillin. Komabe, imatha kuyambitsa ma beta-lactamases a mabakiteriya, mothandizidwa ndi momwe chiwonongeko cha penicillin chimachitikira. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa clavulanic acid pakukonzekera, mndandanda wazomwe mabakiteriya omwe Augmentin 1000 akuchita ndikukula kwambiri.

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid amatha kuwononga Escherichia coli, Shigella ndi Salmonella, Proteus, Haemophilus fuluwenza, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella ndi tizilombo tina tambiri.

Kwa mankhwalawa Augmentin, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuwonetsa zabwino kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya. Mankhwala olimbana ndi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis (tonsillitis), bronchitis ndi chibayo, ma abscesses, komanso matenda otupa am'kamwa. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Augmentin 1000 pochiza kutupa kwamatumbo, cholecystitis, cholangitis, matenda amkhungu, osteomyelitis, ndi matenda amkodzo thirakiti (mwatsatanetsatane, onani. Augmentin 1000 mphamvu zowoneka bwino).

Madokotala amapereka mankhwala a Augmentin 1000 a mapiritsi a akulu ndi ana a zaka 6. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 6 kapena osaposa 40 makilogalamu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m'njira yoletsa kuyamwa.

Palibe mitundu yeniyeni yotsatila mankhwala. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kumwa piritsi imodzi 2 kapena katatu patsiku (i.e. maola aliwonse 12 kapena 8). Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi Augmentin 1000 nthawi zambiri sikhala masiku 6. Pochiza matenda oopsa, njira yothira mankhwalawa imatha kukhala masiku 14. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati mukufuna kumwa maantibayotiki opitilira milungu iwiri.

Zokhudza ndemanga za Augmentin za odwala ndi madokotala ndi zabwino. Maantibayotiki amatha kuthandizira ndipo kawirikawiri samabweretsa mavuto.

Pochiza Augmentin 1000, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndikusankhidwa kwa dokotala. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusokoneza njira ya mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi kumwa mankhwalawo, ngakhale mutakhala kuti muli bwino. Izi zimatha kubwezeretsanso ma bacteria a Amoxicillin-insensitive. Kutengera malamulo onse a mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, thupi limatsukidwa mwachangu kumatenda opatsirana ndikuchira kwathunthu kumachitika. Izi ndizodziwika ndi mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri othandizira.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Amoxicillin ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi ntchito yolimbana ndi ma gram ambiri komanso gram alibe tizilombo. Nthawi yomweyo, amoxicillin amatha kuwonongedwa ndi beta-lactamases, chifukwa chake ntchito yokhala ndi amoxicillin sinafikira tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tambiri.

Clavulanic acid, beta-lactamase inhibitor yokhudzana ndi penicillin, amatha kuyambitsa mitundu yambiri ya beta-lactamases yomwe imapezeka mu penicillin ndi cephalosporin zosagwira tizilombo. Clavulanic acid ili ndi mphamvu yokwanira yolimbana ndi plasmid beta-lactamases, yomwe nthawi zambiri imazindikira kukana kwa mabakiteriya, ndipo sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi chromosomal beta-lactamases mtundu 1, womwe suletsedwa ndi clavulanic acid.

Kupezeka kwa clavulanic acid mu kukonzekera kwa Augmentin kumateteza amoxicillin kuti asawonongedwe ndi ma enzyme - beta-lactamases, omwe amalola kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa antibacterial amo amoillillin.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'ana pakuphatikizidwa kwa amoxicillin + clavulanic acid:

Mabakiteriya a grob-aerobic olimba: bacilli, fecal enterococci, listeria, nocardia, streptococcal ndi staphylococcal.
Mabakiteriya a anaerobic a gram-positive: clostidia, peptostreptococcus, peptococcus.
Bakiteriya wa a grob-aerobic: wambiri chifuwa, Helicobacter pylori, hemophilic bacilli, cholera vibrios, gonococci.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a grram-hasi anaerobic: matenda a clostridial, bacteroids.

Kugawa

Monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito amoamo a amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid, mankhwala othandizira amomwe amachitika mu amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid amapezeka m'misempha yambiri komanso mkati mwa madzi (mu ndulu, khungu la adipose komanso minofu yam'mimba, zotupa ndi zotsekemera. .

Amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid ali ndi malire ofooka a mapuloteni a plasma. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 25% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa clavulanic acid ndi 18% ya amoxicillin m'magazi am'magazi amaphatikizika ndi mapuloteni amadzi a m'madzi.

Mu maphunziro a nyama, palibe chowerengera cha zigawo za kukonzekera kwa Augmentin® mu chiwalo chilichonse chomwe chidapezeka. Amoxicillin, monga ma penicillin ambiri, amadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Zotsatira za clavulanic acid zimapezekanso mkaka wa m'mawere. Kupatula kuti kuthekera kwa kutulutsa chidwi, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena candidiasis ya mucous membrane wamkamwa, palibe zovuta zina za amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid pa thanzi la makanda oyamwitsa.

Kafukufuku wothandizira kubereka kwanyama akuwonetsa kuti amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid amawoloka chotchinga. Komabe, palibe zoyipa zilizonse pa mwana wakhanda zomwe zapezeka.

Kupenda

10-25% ya mlingo woyambirira wa amoxicillin amuchotseredwa ndi impso mu mawonekedwe a metabolite wa penicilloic acid. Clavulanic acid imapangidwa modabwitsa kwambiri mpaka 2,5-dihydro-4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -5-oxo-1 H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ndi 1-amino-4-hydroxybutan-2-imodzi ndikufotokozedwa ndi impso. kudzera m'mimba, komanso ndi mpweya wotha ntchito mu mpweya wa kaboni.

Monga ma penicillin ena, amoxicillin amathandizidwa ndi impso, pomwe clavulanic acid imachotsedwanso ndi machitidwe a impso komanso owonjezera.

Pafupifupi 60-70% ya amoxicillin ndi 40-65% ya clavulanic acid amachotsedwa ndi impso zosasinthika maola 6 oyambilira atatha kupatsidwa mankhwala. Makonzedwe omwewo a probenecid amachedwetsa kuphipha kwa amoxicillin, koma osati clavulanic acid.

Mimba

Mu maphunziro a kubereka mu nyama, pakamwa komanso mwa uchembere wa Augmentin ® sizinayambitse zotsatira za teratogenic. Pa kafukufuku m'modzi mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matuza kusanachitike, anapezeka kuti mankhwala a prophylactic amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha necrotizing enterocolitis akhanda. Monga mankhwala onse, Augmentin® siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati, pokhapokha ngati phindu lomwe mayi akuyembekezera limaposa chiwopsezo cha mwana wosabadwayo.

Nthawi yoyamwitsa

Mankhwala Augmentin angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyamwitsa. Kupatula kuti kuthekera kwa kutulutsa chidwi, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena masoka a mucous nembanemba amkati omwe amalumikizana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira popanga mankhwalawa mkaka wa m'mawere, palibe zovuta zina zomwe zimawonedwa mwa makanda oyamwa. Pakakhala zovuta m'makanda oyamwitsa, kuyamwitsa kuyenera kusiyidwa.

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity kwa amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, zinthu zina za mankhwalawa, mankhwala a beta-lactam (mwachitsanzo, penicillins, cephalosporins) mu anamnesis,
magawo am'mbuyomu a jaundice kapena chiwindi chovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pophatikiza amoxicillin wokhala ndi clavulanic acid m'mbiri
ana ochepera zaka 12 kapena kulemera kwa thupi zosakwana 40 kg.
aimpso ntchito (creatinine chilolezo chocheperako kapena chofanana ndi 30 ml / min).

Zotsatira zoyipa

Augmentin 1000 mg imatha kukulitsa zovuta zina zosafunikira.

Matenda opatsirana komanso ma parasitic: nthawi zambiri - candidiasis a pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi dongosolo la lymphatic:

Pafupipafupi: leukopenia yosinthika (kuphatikiza neutropenia), kusintha kosinthika kwa thrombocytopenia.
Osowa kwambiri: kusintha kwa agranulocytosis komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa magazi nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi ya prothrombin, kuchepa magazi, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis.

Kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi: kawirikawiri - angioedema, anaphylactic zimachitikira, matenda ofanana ndi seramu matenda, matupi a vasculitis.

Kuphwanya kwamanjenje:

Nthawi zambiri: chizungulire, kupweteka mutu.
Zosowa kwambiri: kusinthanso mphamvu, kukhudzika. Khunyu imatha kuchitika ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso, komanso kwa omwe amalandira mankhwalawa. Kusowa tulo, kukhumudwa, nkhawa, kusintha kwa mkhalidwe.

Kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba thirakiti - m'mimba, nseru, kusanza.

Nusea nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wambiri wa mankhwalawa. Ngati mutayamba kumwa mankhwalawa pamakhala zovuta zina zam'mimba, zimatha - kuchotsedwa ngati mukumwa chakudya cha Augmentin ® kumayambiriro kwa chakudya.

Kuphwanya chiwindi ndi chindapusa:

Pafupipafupi: kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono pantchito ya aspartate aminotransferase ndi / kapena alanine aminotransferase (ACT ndi / kapena ALT). Izi zimawonedwa mwa odwala omwe amalandila beta-lactam antiotic therapy, koma kufunikira kwake kwakuthupi sikudziwika.
Osowa kwambiri: hepatitis ndi cholestatic jaundice. Izi zimawonedwa mwa odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala a penicillin ndi cephalosporins. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa bilirubin ndi zamchere phosphatase.

Zotsatira zoyipa za chiwindi zimawonedwa makamaka mwa abambo ndi odwala okalamba ndipo amatha kuyanjana ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Zochitika zoyipa izi sizimawonedwa kawirikawiri mwa ana.

Zizindikiro zolembedwa ndi zizindikiro zambiri zimachitika nthawi yotsiriza kapena itangotha, koma nthawi zina amatha kuonekera kwa milungu ingapo atamaliza kulandira chithandizo. Zotsatira zoyipa nthawi zambiri zimatha kusintha.

Zotsatira zoyipa za chiwindi zimatha kukhala zowopsa, nthawi zina pamakhala nkhani zakufa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, awa anali odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda kapena odwala omwe amalandila mankhwala oopsa a hepatotoxic.

Zovuta za pakhungu ndi minofu yolowera:

Nthawi zambiri: zidzolo, kuyabwa, urticaria.
Si kawirikawiri: erythema multiforme.
Ndi kawirikawiri kwambiri: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, poermal necrolysis yoopsa, dermatitis yovuta kwambiri, pachimake chachikulu cha pustulosis.

Kusokonezeka kwa impso ndi kwamikodzo thirakiti: kawirikawiri kwambiri - interstitial nephritis, crystalluria, hematuria.

Bongo

Zizindikiro zochokera m'matumbo am'mimba komanso kusokonezeka kwa madzi mu electrolyte zitha kuwonedwa.

Amoxicillin crystalluria wafotokozedwa, nthawi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulephera kwa impso (onani gawo "Maupangiri Apadera ndi Mayendedwe"). Convulsions amatha kuchitika kwa odwala mkhutu aimpso ntchito, komanso kwa iwo omwe amalandira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Zizindikiro kuchokera m'mimba thirakiti ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala, kulabadira kuthekera kwa kutulutsa bwino muyezo wamagetsi wamadzi. Amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid amatha kuchotsedwa m'magazi ndi hemodialysis.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa yemwe adachitika ndi ana 51 kumalo operekera poizoni adawonetsa kuti kuyang'anira amoxicillin pamlingo wochepera 250 mg / kg sizinachititse kuti pakhale ndi zidziwitso zazikulu zakuchipatala ndipo sizinafune kuti pakhale chiphuphu.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo mankhwala a Augmentin ndi phenenecid osavomerezeka. Probenecid imachepetsa katulutsidwe katulutsidwe ka amoxicillin, chifukwa chake munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Augmentin ndi phenenecid kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kuzungulira kwa amoxicillin, koma osati clavulanic acid.

Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo allopurinol ndi amoxicillin kungakulitse chiopsezo cha khungu losokonezeka. Pakadali pano, palibe zambiri m'mabuku zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi yophatikizira amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid ndi allopurinol. Penicillins amatha kuchepetsa mayankho a methotrexate m'thupi popewa kubisalira kwake, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kwa Augmentin ® ndi methotrexate kumatha kuwonjezera kawopsedwe a methotrexate.

Monga mankhwala ena a antibacterial, mankhwalawa Augmentin amatha kukhudza matumbo a microclora, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe a estrogen kuchokera m'matumbo am'mimba komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito opatsirana pakamwa.

Mabukuwa amafotokoza zochitika zapafupipafupi za kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba padziko lonse lapansi (INR) mwa odwala omwe amaphatikizana ndi acenocumarol kapena warfarin ndi amoxicillin. Ngati kuli kofunikira kupereka Augmentin nthawi yomweyo ndi anticoagulants, nthawi ya prothrombin kapena INR iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala mukamapereka kapena kusiya mankhwala a Augmentin) kusintha kwa mankhwala a anticoagulants pakamwa kungafunike.

Odwala omwe amalandila mycophenolate mofetil, atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana a amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid, kuchepa kwa ndende yogwira metabolic, mycophenolic acid, adawonedwa asanamwe mlingo wotsatira wa mankhwalawa pafupifupi 50%. Zosintha pamawonekedwe awa sizingawonetse moyenera kusintha kwamtundu wa mycophenolic acid.

Malangizo apadera

Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito Augmentin, wodwala wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimachitika mu penicillin, cephalosporin ndi zina.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa Augmentin kumatha kusokoneza mano a wodwalayo. Popewa kukula kwa zoterezi, ndikokwanira kutsatira malamulo oyambira aukhondo - kupukuta mano, kugwiritsa ntchito misempha.

Kuvomerezedwa Augmentin kungayambitse chizungulire, kotero, pakakhala nthawi yayitali, sayenera kuyendetsa magalimoto ndikuchita ntchito yomwe imafuna chidwi chachikulu.

Augmentin sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mtundu wopatsirana wa mononucleosis ukayikiridwa.

Augmentin amakhala wololera bwino komanso wowopsa. Ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti nthawi zina amafunika kuyang'ana impso ndi chiwindi.

Kufotokozera kwa mankhwalawa

Fomu ya Mlingo - woyera ufa (kapena pafupifupi yoyera), komwe njira imayendetsedwa, imathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha.

Botolo limodzi la Augmentin 1000 mg / 200 mg lili:

amoxicillin - ma milligram 1000,
clavulanic acid (potaziyamu clavulanate) - 200 milligrams.

Pokhala anti-synthetic antiotic, amoxicillin ali ndi zochitika zambiri zotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a gramu-gram komanso gram-negative.

Koma chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha amoxicillin pakuwonongeka kwa beta-lactamases, mawonekedwe a zochita za antibayotikiyu sawonjezeredwa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timapanga ma enzyme amenewa. Clavulanic acid, yomwe imalepheretsa beta-lactamases, imatulutsa ndipo imapulumutsa amoxicillin kuti isawonongedwe.

Pa mkaka wa m`mawere, amoxicillin amatha kudutsa mkaka, chifukwa choti mwana yemwe wadyetsedwa mkaka uyu amatha kukhala ndi chimbudzi kapena candidiasis pamkamwa wamkamwa.

Pambuyo mtsempha wa magazi makonzedwe ake, ndende yake imatha kupezeka m'mafuta ndi minofu, minyewa yam'mimba, khungu, chikhodzodzo, zotumphukira ndi zotumphukira zamkati, bile, mawonekedwe a purulent.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Kuphatikiza kwa amoxicillin ndi clavulanic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe amapezeka mu chapamwamba kupuma kwamatenda (kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana a ENT) oyambitsidwa ndi fuluwenza ya Haemophilus, Moraxela catarhalis, Streptococus pneumoniae, ndi Streptococcus pyrogenas. Ikhoza kukhala tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis.
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'munsi kupuma kwamphamvu chifukwa cha Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, ndi Moraxella catarrhalis. Izi zitha kukhala chibayo (brosha ndi bronchial), kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa a bronchitis.
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda amtundu wa genitourinary system omwe amayamba ndi Enterobacteriacea (makamaka Escherichia coli), Staphylococus saprophyticus ndi Enterococcus spp., Ndi Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea).
Matenda a minofu yofewa ndi khungu loyambitsidwa ndi "Staphylococcus-aureus", "Streptococcus-pyogene" ndi "Bacteroides-spp."
Matenda a mafupa ndi olowa chifukwa cha Staphylococcus aureus, monga osteomyelitis.
Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena. Amatha kukhala matenda pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, kuchotsa mimba, kutenga sepsis, septicemia, intraabdominal sepsis, peritonitis.

Pakupanga opaleshoni kukhazikitsa malo olumikizirana mafupa, Augmentin amathanso kukonzekera.

Mankhwalawa adapangidwanso kuti apewe kulowetsedwa pambuyo panjira ya opaleshoni m'matumbo, khomo lachiberekero, pamutu, ziwalo za m'chiberekero, bile, mtima, komanso impso.

Posankha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kulemera kwake, zaka zake, zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe impso za wodwalayo zimagwirira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Mlingo amawonetsedwa mwa kuchuluka kwa amoxicillin / clavulanic acid ratio.

Mlingo wa akulu:

kupewa matenda pa nthawi ya opaleshoni (ngati sipafupika ola limodzi) -1000 mg / 200 mg ndi mankhwala opereshoni,
kupewa matenda mukamachitidwa opaleshoni (ngati nthawi yake imaposa ola limodzi) - mpaka pafupifupi anayi a 1000 mg / 200 mg patsiku,
kupewa matenda pa opaleshoni ziwalo zam'mimba - 1000 mg / 200 mg mu kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi makumi atatu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa opaleshoni. Ngati opaleshoni ya ziwalo zam'mimba imatha maola opitilira maola awiri, mlingo womwe umanenedwawu ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso, koma kamodzi kokha, mwa kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi makumi atatu, atatha maola awiri kuchokera kumalizira kulowetsedwa.

Ngati mankhwalawa atapezeka ndi opaleshoni, wodwalayo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi Augmentin mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni wolowetsa magazi.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto laimpso, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amasinthidwa mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa amoxicillin.

Pa hemodialysis, wodwalayo amapatsidwa 1000 mg / 200 mg ya mankhwalawa kumayambiriro kwake. Kenako, tsiku lililonse lotsatira, 500 mg / 100 mg ya mankhwalawa imaperekedwa. Ndipo mlingo womwewo uyenera kulowetsedwa kumapeto kwa njira ya hemodialysis (izi zidzakwaniritsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa seramu ya amoxicillin / clavulanic acid).

Mosamala kwambiri ndikuwunika chiwindi pafupipafupi, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi amayenera kuthandizidwa.

Palibe chifukwa chosinthira mlingo wa odwala okalamba.

Mlingo wa ana omwe matupi awo osapitilira ma kilogalamu makumi anayi ndiwomwe amathandizira kukumbukira kulemera kwa thupi.

Kodi mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa motani?

Augmentin amawonetsedwa nthawi zonse (popanda njira ya intramuscularly) pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi zitatu kapena zinayi kapena ndi catheter.

Ndizothekanso kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40.

Nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa si zoposa masiku khumi ndi anayi.

Kwa ana ochepera miyezi itatu, mankhwalawa, ngati pakufunika, amaperekedwa ndi kulowetsedwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati mankhwalawa

Zotsatira zoyipa za Augmentin nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofatsa komanso zosakhalitsa mwachilengedwe ndipo zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Zoyipa zomwe zimachitika:

angioedema edema,
Stevens-Johnson syndromes,
matumbo a vasculitis,
zotupa pakhungu (urticaria),
bullet dermatitis exfoliative,
Khungu
epermermal toxic necrolysis,
anaphylaxis,
erythema multiforme,
pantulosis yotupa yodziwika bwino.

Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikirozi chikuchitika, chithandizo cha Augmentin ziyenera kusiyidwa.

Kuchokera m'matumbo, zovuta zotsatirazi zimatha kuchitika:

kusanza
kutsegula m'mimba
dyspepsia
candidiasis a mucous nembanemba ndi khungu,
nseru
colitis.

Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa hepatitis ndi cholestatic jaundice kumaonedwa.

Zovuta zina mu chiwindi zimawonedwa kwambiri mwa amuna ndi odwala okalamba. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya mankhwalawa, kuwopsa kwawo kumawonjezereka. Matenda a chiwindi nthawi zambiri amakula munthawi ya chithandizo kapena atangomaliza. Koma izi zitha kuchitika patadutsa milungu ingapo kuchokera kutha kwa chithandizo cha Augmentin. Mwambiri, zimasinthidwa (ngakhale zimatha kutchulidwa kwambiri).

Zotsatira zakupha zimatheka nthawi zina. Nthawi zambiri, amawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, kapena odwala omwe amamwa mankhwala a hepatotoxic.

Kuchokera ku hematopoietic system:

thrombocytopenia
leukopenia wosakhalitsa (kuphatikizapo agranulocytosis ndi neutropenia),
hemolytic anemia,
kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya magazi ndi prothrombin.

Kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje lalikulu:

kupweteka (nthawi zambiri kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a vuto laimpso kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala waukulu),
chizungulire
Hyperactivity (chosinthira),
mutu.

Kuchokera ku genitourinary system: