Kuzindikira kwa Insulin: Momwe Mungakulitsire Kutsutsa

Kuzindikira kwa insulini kumatanthauza momwe maselo amthupi amalabadirira insulin, mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa michere ndipo koposa zonse, shuga. Kuzindikira kwambiri kwa insulin ndikofunikira pa thanzi komanso kutalikitsa moyo. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti insulin sensitivity ikhoza kuchuluka.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuwonjezera insulin?

Kuzindikira kufunikira kwa kuyesayesa, monganso mu bizinesi ina iliyonse, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsidwa. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, sayansi ikupulumutsa.

Mukamadya zakudya zilizonse (kupatula mafuta oyera), maselo a pancreatic secrete insulin. Ndi hormone iyi yomwe imagwira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti michere kuchokera m'magazi imalowa mu minofu, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu, pakukula komanso kuchira.

Ngati thupi lifunikira insulini yochepa kwambiri kuti ligwire ntchito imeneyi, ndibwino kudziwa za insulini.

Mosiyana ndi insulin kukana. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe thupi limafunikira insulin yambiri kuti igwire shuga wofanana. Kukana kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kumapezeka mwa anthu ambiri onenepa kwambiri. Kuti alipire kukana insulini, kapamba amatulutsa insulin yambiri, yomwe imayambitsa hyperinsulinemia.

Cholinga chake ndikufunika kusamalira kusintha kwa insulin, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti matenda ambiri, makamaka matenda ashuga a 2, komanso matenda amtima komanso khansa.

Kukana kwa insulini kukakhala kwambiri, thupi silingathenso kupanga insulini yokwanira kulipira shuga m'magazi. Munthu amadwala matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga.

Kukana insulini, osati cholesterol, ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Mkulu kwambiri a insulin m'magazi, kapena hyperinsulinemia, mwina amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa khansa.

Zinyama zolembetsa, zocheperako (

25%) kutsika kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiyembekezo chamoyo.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani insulin sensitivity imachepa?

Mukamadya zakudya zamafuta, zimaphwanyidwa ndi thupi kukhala shuga, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mafuta.

Ngati mumamwa chakudya chambiri kuposa momwe thupi limatha kuyamwa mosavuta, glucose amasintha kukhala glycogen, mawonekedwe omwe glucose amasungidwa m'chiwindi ndi minofu ya mafupa. Glycogen m'chiwindi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika kwa magazi m'magazi, ndipo minofu imadziunjikira glycogen kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.

Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito glycogen yosungirako nthawi zonse komanso / kapena kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, chiwindi ndi minofu imadzaza ndi glycogen, ndipo maselo amakhala glucose.

Pali kukana insulin. M'malo mwake, kukana insulini ndi momwe ma cell amatiuzira: "Palibenso shuga!"

Ndi kukana kwa insulini, mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi umakwera kuti ulimbikitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya glucose. Izi zimatha kubweretsa matenda a shuga.

Momwe mungakulitsire insulin sensitivity?

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zokulitsira chidwi cha insulin - ichi ndi chakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zakudya

Pankhani ya chakudya, yankho lake la kuwonongeka pakumvekera bwino kwa insulin ndilosavuta:

Zakudya zama carb otsika ndi mafuta ochulukitsa a magalamu 21 patsiku (izi ndizoperewera kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ketosis), ngakhale osachepetsa kudya kwa calorie, zidapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'masiku 14 okha mwa odwala onenepa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Izi zidachititsanso kuti kutayika kwa kulemera kwa 1.65 kg pakanthawi kochepa komweko. Nthawi yomweyo, calorie kumwa kamodzi kokha amachepetsa ndi zopitilira 1000 patsiku.

Nthawi yomweyo, zakudya zomwe 35% ya zopatsa mphamvu zimachokera kwa ma carbohydrate sizinathandize kudziwa insulin. Munalinso michere yambiri mkati mwake, chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kuti sizinathandize.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zamafuta ochepa azikhala ndi mphamvu ya insulini ndizodziwikiratu: mumasiya kuyika thupi lanu ndi shuga. Mapeto ake, kuchuluka kwa glycogen kumachepa, ndipo insulin sensitivity imachulukirachulukira. Simukuyesetsanso kuyika shuga m'matanki odzala anthu.

Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya insulin kudzera muzakudya, muchepetse kapena chotsani mafuta owonjezera (makamaka ufa), shuga, ndi mafuta ena azamasamba. Mafuta a Omega-6 ochokera ku mafuta a masamba monga mafuta a mpendadzuwa amayambitsa kapena amawonjezera kukana kwa insulin, pomwe Omega-3 mafuta achilengedwe ochokera ku nsomba ndi mafuta a nsomba amalepheretsa kukana.

Kusala komanso / kapena zakudya zochepa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu sizingangokulitsa chidwi cha insulin, komanso kuthandizira matenda a shuga a 2.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi - onse aerobic (kuthamanga) ndi anaerobic (kukweza zolemera) zimakulitsa chidwi cha insulin.

Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, thupi limawotcha mafuta ndi chakudya (glycogen). Pakutsika kwambiri kwa katundu, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda, mafuta oyaka. Pothamanga kwambiri, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito glycogen yambiri.

Ndizomveka kuganiza kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumawotcha glycogen komanso kusintha insulin. Kodi izi zilidi choncho?

Zoonadi, mu kafukufuku wina, masabata awiri okha ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri (HIIT) adakulitsa chidwi cha insulin ndi 35%. Nambala ya zolandila za GLUT4 zomwe zimanyamula glucose kumisempha zawonjezekanso. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti masabata awiri ophunzitsidwa mwamphamvu - mphindi 15 zolimbitsa thupi kwa masabata awiri - zimathandizanso kudziwa insulin.

Kuchulukitsa kumva kwa insulin kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi kumadalira mphamvu komanso kuchuluka konse. Ngati mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mugwiritse ntchito glycogen yambiri. Pakukwera kwambiri kwa katundu, mutha kuchita zochepa kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo.

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Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali zovuta zotere?

Kuzindikira kochepa kwa insulin, mwanjira ina, kukana kumayambitsa kulephera kupereka kuchuluka kwa glucose mu cell. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi kumawonjezereka. Kuchita kwa timadzi timene kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphwanya chakudya, komanso mapuloteni komanso mafuta ambiri.

Kutsika kwa chiwopsezo cha ma cell receptors ku mahomoni kumachitika chifukwa cha kubadwa kwamtundu komanso moyo wopanda thanzi. Zotsatira zake, kuphwanya chiwopsezo cha glucose ndi insulin kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 2 ndi zovuta zake.

Mutu 15. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amawonjezera chidwi cha insulin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga insulin ndi mankhwala ena.

Ngati kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikokwanira kumwa shuga m'magazi, gawo lotsatira pomenya nkhondoyo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya pakamwa (SPPs).

Pali magawo atatu a mankhwalawa: omwe amawonjezera chidwi cha insulin, omwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi za insulin, komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri ndi sulfonylureas.

Mtundu wachiwiri wamankhwala umakhala ngati insulini, koma samatsogolera kunenepa kwambiri. Ndikupangira mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya mankhwalawa, zifukwa za izi ndifotokozanso pang'ono (makampani ena amaphatikiza mtundu woyamba ndi wachitatu wa mankhwala mu chinthu chimodzi, ndikutsutsana kwathunthu ndi izi) .69

Kwa iwo omwe adasunga kupanga insulini yawo yomwe, mankhwala omwe amawonjezera chidwi cha insulin akhoza kukhala othandiza. Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri kungathandize odwala ena omwe thupi lawo silipanga insulin yake kapena satulutsa pang'ono.

Pali mitundu itatu yamankhwala pamsika, panthawi yolemba, ndikulemba zonse zitatu: metformin (Glucofage), rosiglitazone (Avandia) ndi pioglitazone (Actos). Rosiglitazone ndi pioglitazone zimathandizanso pa shuga wamagazi, motero sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa onse nthawi imodzi.

Chidziwitso: chifukwa M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi dzina losiyana, pambuyo pake mu chaputala ichi ndidzagwiritsa ntchito dzina lokhalo la mankhwalawo. Muzochita zanga, si mitundu yonse ya metformin yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati Glucophage.

mankhwala othandizira pancreatic angayambitse hypoglycemia ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kapena kudumphira chakudya. Komanso, kukondoweza kwa kapamba kodzaza kale kumapangitsa kuti matenthedwe a moto a beta.

Zogulitsa zoterezi zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poizoni wotchedwa amyloid. Ndipo pamapeto pake, monga zawonedwera mobwereza bwereza, ndipo inemwini ndidawona izi pakati pa odwala anga - kuwongolera matenda ashuga mothandizidwa ndi kupangitsa shuga m'magazi kumathandizira kubwezeretsa maselo a beta omwe anatha.

Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chofotokozera mankhwala omwe amangokulitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta. Pomaliza: Mankhwala omwe amathandizira kapamba ndizopanda pake ndipo alibe malo pakuchizira matenda ashuga.

Kupitilira apo, ndimasiya kukonzekera koteroko (ngakhale komwe kungapangidwe mtsogolo) ndiye ndimangokambirana za mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga insulin ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha insulin. Komanso kumapeto kwa mutuwu, ndipereka mwachidule njira zatsopano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira zitatu zapadera.

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha insulin.

Ubwino wabwino wa mankhwalawa ndikuti amathandizira kutsika shuga ndikupangitsa minyewa yathupi kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri kuti ipange insulini, kaya ndi yake kapena kubayidwa. Izi ndi zomwe phindu lake silingapepukidwe.

Sikuti zili bwino kokha kwa iwo omwe akuyesera kuti azisunga shuga m'magazi awo, komanso zabwino kwa iwo omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kulemera kwawo. Mwa kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi nthawi iliyonse, mankhwalawa amathanso kuthandiza kuchepetsa mafuta omwe amapanga insulin. Ndili ndi odwala omwe alibe matenda ashuga omwe amabwera kwa ine kuti andithandize kuchiza kunenepa.

Chowabwezera chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndikuti amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, sangathe kuletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo pakudya ngati atengedwa ola limodzi asanadye, mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena omwe amalimbikitsa maselo a beta. Monga momwe muphunzirira pambuyo pake, vutoli limatha kusinthidwa.

Odwala ena odwala matenda ashuga amabwera kwa ine kuti amakakamizidwa kupereka insulin yayikulu kwambiri, chifukwa Kulemera kwawo mopitirira muyeso kumawapangitsa kukhala ndi insulin kwambiri. Mlingo waukulu wa insulin umatsogolera pakupanga mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri.

Kumwa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha inulin kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Ndili ndi wodwala m'modzi yemwe adabayira ma insulin 27 usiku, ngakhale anali kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chathu chochepa kwambiri.

Zawonetsedwanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti insulin imveke bwino kumawongolera zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kuphatikiza magazi, ma lipid mbiri, lipoprotein (a), magazi fibrinogen, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a C, komanso kukula kwa minofu ya mtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, zatsimikiziridwa kuti metformin imalepheretsa kumangiriza kwa glucose pama protein a thupi, mosasamala kanthu momwe zimakhudzira shuga. Zinawonetsedwanso kuti metformin imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose kuchokera ku chakudya, imayenda bwino m'magazi, imachepetsa kupsinjika kwa magazi, imachepetsa kutayika kwa mitsempha m'maso ndi impso, ndikuchepetsa kupangika kwa ziwiya zatsopano zosalimba m'maso.

Kuphatikiza apo, zidawonetsedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwazinthu kumawonjezera kukhudzika kwa azimayi omwe ali pafupi ndi msambo. Thiazolidinediones monga rosiglitazone ndi pioglitazone amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a impso a shuga, mosasamala kanthu momwe angawakhudzire shuga.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha insulin, mankhwalawa amagulitsidwa ku United States omwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma gwiritsani ntchito mfundo ina. Maphunziro ambiri ku Germany awonetsa kuwongolera kwa R-alpha lipoic acid (ALA).

Kafukufuku wa 2001 adawonetsa kuti imagwira minofu ndi m'maselo amafuta, kusokosera ndikuyendetsa ma glucose, mwanjira ina, imakhala ngati insulin, i.e. ndi mankhwala onga a insulin.

Komanso, kafukufuku wa ku Germany awonetsa kuti kutha kwa mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mafuta ena anyani yamadzulo. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa biotin70 m'thupi, motero ayenera kumwedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala okhala ndi biotin (ngakhale alpha-lipoic acid imakhala yofala kwambiri, R-alpha lipoic acid imakhala yothandiza kwambiri).

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ALA ndi mafuta a primrose am'mawa salowa m'malo mwa insulin, koma komabe kuphatikiza kwawo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ALA mwina ndiyothandiza kwambiri antioxidant omwe akupezeka pamsika ndipo ali ndi phindu lina lake pamtima dongosolo lofanana ndi mafuta a nsomba.

Akatswiri ambiri a mtima omwe adalimbikitsa kale kutenga vitamini E chifukwa cha antioxidant yake akhala akuvomereza ALA m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ine ndekha ndakhala ndikutenga kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zitatu. Nditangoyamba kuigwiritsa ntchito, ndinazindikira kuti ndiyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin pafupifupi chitatu.

ALA ndi madzulo a primrose mafuta amawoneka kuti satsata chinthu chimodzi cha insulin - samathandizira pakupanga maselo amafuta. Mankhwala onse awiriwa amapezeka pamasitolo ogulitsa zakudya m'masitolo71.

Momwe zingatheke, mankhwalawa angayambitse hypoglycemia mu odwala matenda ashuga ngati sangachepetse mokwanira mlingo wa insulin, pomwe sindikudziwa vuto lililonse la hypoglycemia ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda insulin.

Kafukufuku wina waku Germany wasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu mu matenda ashuga a m'mimba (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha) ndikuyambitsa matenda a ALA okwanira mkati masabata angapo. Popeza kuti ndi antioxidant komanso katundu wabwino kwambiri wotsutsana ndi kutupa, izi sizodabwitsa. Koma imagwera pagawo la "Osayesa kubwereza kunyumba."

Alpha lipoic acid, ngati mlingo waukulu wa vitamini E (mu mtundu wotchedwa gamma-tocopherol) ndi metformin, amatha kusokoneza mapangidwe a glycation ndi glycosylation, omwe amachititsa zovuta zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.

Nthawi zambiri ndimalimbikitsa piritsi la 2 x 100 mg maola 8 aliwonse kapena kupitilira apo, kuphatikiza 1 x 500 mg yamadzulo primrose mafuta nthawi yomweyo. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi insulini kale akutenga insulin, ndimapereka mankhwala kuti ndiyambe ndikuwunika mawonekedwe a shuga, ndikuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ALA yamadzulo primrose mafuta. Iyi ndi njira yoyesera komanso yolakwika, muyenera kuyang'ana aliyense payekhapayekha.

Ndani angagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa chidwi cha insulin?

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa ndiosankha kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa II omwe sangathe kulemera kapena kubweretsanso shuga wamagazi ngakhale atakhala ndi zakudya zochepa. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumachitika pokhapokha nthawi, mwachitsanzo, usiku, kapena kumatha pang'ono pang'ono tsiku lonse.

Ndimayikira malingaliro anga pa wodwala wina. Ngati, ngakhale titangodya, shuga m'magazi panthawi inayake kupitirira 16 mmol / L, ndimapereka mankhwala a insulin nthawi yomweyo ndipo sindiyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kupatula kuyesera kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin.

Ngati muli ndi shuga wambiri mukadzuka kuposa nthawi yogona, ndikukulemberani mankhwala omwe angapangitse kuti mankhwalawa atulutsidwe pang'onopang'ono. Ngati shuga wanu akula pambuyo poti wadya, ndikukupatsani mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu omwe amalimbikitsa mphamvu ya insulin ("Rosiglitazone") maola awiri chakudya chisanachitike. Chifukwa

chakudya chimalimbikitsa mayamwidwe a thiazolidinediones, ayenera kumwedwa ndi chakudya. Ngati shuga m'magazi amakwezedwa pang'ono tsiku lonse, ndikulemberani kumwa alpha lipoic acid ndi mafuta a primrose madzulo pakudzuka, mutatha kudya nkhomaliro, ndikudya.

Mutu 17. Chidziwitso chofunikira cha mitundu mitundu ya insulin.

Ngati munayamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungayang'anire zotsatira zake. Zambiri zomwe zili mu chaputala ichi zimachokera ku zomwe ndakumana nazo, komanso zomwe anzanga akukumana nazo. Monga zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa m'bukhu lino, monga momwe mungazindikire, zomwe zalembedwa m'mutuwu ndizosiyana ndi malingaliro azikhalidwe pazovuta.

Pewani insulin yomwe ili ndi protamine.

Tsopano msika uli ndi insulin yambiri, ndipo mwinanso ambiri ali m'njira. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza. Zitha kutchulidwa ndi kutalika kwa momwe zimakhudzira shuga. Pali mitundu ya insulin (kapena ultrashort), yochepa, yapakatikati, komanso yayitali.

Mpaka posachedwa, ma insulin amafupia adapangidwa mwanjira yankho lomveka bwino, ndipo ena onse mwanjira zosakanikirana. Kusakaniza kunapezedwa chifukwa chowonjezera zinthu zapadera, zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi insulin zidapereka tinthu tating'onoting'ono pang'onopang'ono pakhungu.

Insulin yamtunduwu, yotchedwa NPH (yomwe yatchulidwa koyambirira kwa bukuli), imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ena owonjezera otchedwa protamine. Ma protein a Protamine amatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kutulutsa ma antibodies ku insulin.

Ma antibodies oterewa amatha kumamatira ku insulin, ndikupangitsa kuti ichoke. Kenako, mwanjira yosatsimikizika, amatha kumasula insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kulosera momwe zitha kuchitira shuga.

Protamine ikhoza kuyambitsa vuto linanso lalikulu kwambiri ndi coronary angiography kuyang'ana mitsempha yomwe imadyetsa mtima. Phunzirolo lisanachitike, wodwalayo amapatsidwa heparin ya anticoagulant kuti aletse mapangidwe a magazi.

Ndondomekoyo ikamalizidwa, protamine imalowetsedwa mu ziwiya kuti "kuzimitsa" heparin. Nthawi zina (kawirikawiri), izi zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana komanso ngakhale kufa kwa odwala omwe kale anali ndi insulin yomwe inali ndi protamine.

Monga mukumvetsetsa, ine ndikutsutsana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulin okhala ndi ma protamines. Ku USA, pali insulin imodzi yokha - NPH (dzina lina ndi "Isofan"). Ndikwabwino kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yotereyi ndikusakaniza ndi zomwe zili.

Odwala omwe amafunikira insulin yaying'ono kwambiri, monga ana, ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito insulin. Tsoka ilo, palibe madzi amadzimadzi a glargine, imodzi mwazitsulo zazitali zabwino.

80 Chifukwa chake, m'malo osowa kwambiri komanso kukayikira ndimakupatsirani ntchito ya NPH. Nthawi zambiri, ndimapukusira insulin yayitali chifukwa cha mchere. Mndandanda wa ma insulin omwe ndimaona kuti ndi oyenera amaperekedwa pa tebulo 17-1.

Mphamvu ya insulin.

Zachilengedwe za insulin zimayezedwa m'magawo. Mlingo wocheperako, magawo awiri a insulini ayenera kutsika magazi kawiri kuposa gawo limodzi. Syringe ya insulini imamalizidwa m'mayunitsi, ndipo pali ena omwe ali ndi gawo la theka la gawo.

Zizindikiro pamiyeso zimayikidwa mokwanira kuti gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a gawo liyambike ndi diso. Ma syringe omwe ndimalimbikitsa omwe amawerengera kuti azikhala ndi insulin ya masentimita 100 pa cm3. Palinso mafomu omasulidwa okhala ndi zochitika mpaka 30.

Zochita za insulin zimatanthauzidwa kuti U-100, i.e. Magawo zana pa 1 cm3. Ku United States ndi Canada, uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo wa insulini womwe wagulitsidwa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chosankha ntchito ya insulini ikagulidwa. M'mayiko ena, ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito onse a U-40 ndi U-80 amagulitsidwa, ndipo ma syringe nawonso amawunikiridwa. Ku USA, fomu yotulutsidwa ya U-500 imapezekanso kwa madokotala kuti ayitanitse.

Ngati mukuyenera kupita kumayiko ena kumene ma U-40 kapena U-80 ma insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mwayiwala kapena kutaya anu, ndiye chinthu chabwino chomwe mungachite ndikugula syringe ndi insulin, yoyesedwa moyenerera, kuti mufotokozereni kuchuluka kwanu muyezo magawo, ndipo sonkhanitsani insulin yatsopano mu ma syringes atsopano.

Kusamalira Insulin

Ngati mumasungira insulin mufiriji, imakhala yokhazikika mpaka tsiku lotha ntchito likusonyezedwa. Kuchepetsa pang'ono mphamvu kumatha kuchitika ngati kusungidwa m'chipinda chotentha kwa masiku 30-60.

Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa Glargin (Lantus), yomwe imataya gawo lake lofunikira pambuyo poti isungidwe kutentha kwa chipinda masiku 60. Ndikofunika kuti muzisunga mufiriji.

Sungani insulini yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mufiriji mpaka mutaganiza zoyamba kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Mbale zomwe zayamba kale zitha kusungidwa kutentha, koma Lantus (ndipo mwina Detemir ndi Glyulizin) imasungidwa kwambiri mufiriji.

Osamauma konse insulini. Ikasungunuka, imataya zina mwazinthu zake, ngati insulin mwadzidzidzi itaundana - osagwiritsanso ntchito.

Ngati kutentha kwa nyumba kupitirira madigiri 29, chotsani insulini yonse mufiriji. Ngati insulini yadziwika ndi kutentha pamwamba madigiri 37 kwa masiku opitilira tsiku limodzi, sinthani.

Musagwiritse ntchito ma syringe omwe atayika.

Osaonetsa pang'onopang'ono insulini kuti iwongolere kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kusiyira bokosi la glovu kapena thunthu la makinawo. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira m'malo oterawa imatha kuzizirira.

Ngati mwasiya mwadzidzidzi insulin kapena kuyesa matuza m'galimoto kutentha - asinthe.

Nthawi zonse musatenge insulini pafupi ndi thupi lanu, monga thumba la malaya.

Ngati simusunga vial ya insulini mufiriji, ndiye kuti mulemba tsiku lomwe vial idachotsedwa koyamba mufiriji. Lekani kugwiritsa ntchito Glargin, Glulizin ndi Detemir patatha masiku 30-60 patatha tsiku lolemba.

Mukatembenuza botolo kuti mudzaze syringe ndi insulin, onetsetsani kuti mulingo wa insulin ndiwokwera kuposa chizindikiro pamlingo wovomerezeka, ngati insulin ili m'munsi mwa mfundo iyi, sinthani botolo.

Ngati mukufuna kupita kumalo otentha komwe simungathe kusunga insulini mufiriji, gwiritsani ntchito maofesi ena ozizira, monga Frio, omwe ndimakambirana nawo mu gawo 3, The Diabetesic Kit.

Uwu ndi mipukutu yonyamula chikwama. Imabwera m'miyeso isanu yosiyanasiyana. Ikaikidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 15, mphetezo zimasanduka gel. Madzi ochokera ku geel amapita pang'onopang'ono, potero amasunga kutentha kwa insulini pamlingo woyenera kwa maola 48 popanda "kuyambiranso" pamtunda wozungulira wa madigiri 38.

Momwe insulin imakhudzira shuga wamagazi pakapita nthawi.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti insulin ikayamba kukhudza shuga ndi liti ikatha. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa pa insulin. Komabe, zomwe zasindikizidwazo zitha kukhala zolakwika kwa ife (mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yathu ya chithandizo).

Izi ndichifukwa choti timagwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wochepa kwambiri wa insulin, pomwe zosungidwa zomwe zimawerengedwa zimawerengedwa pa Mlingo waukulu kwambiri. Monga lamulo, waukulu Mlingo wa insulin amayamba zochita zawo m'mbuyomu ndikumapeto kuposa zazing'ono.

Komanso, kutalika kwa insulin kumadalira payekha komanso kuchuluka kwa mlingo. Mulimonsemo, Table 17-1 ingakhale chitsogozo chabwino kwambiri chodziwa nthawi yoyambira komanso kutha kwa zochita za insulin mu Mlingo womwe ndimalimbikitsa.

Insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito m'mbuyomu ngati muphunzitsa mbali imodzi ya thupi yomwe insulin imabayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, sichingakhale chanzeru kupaka insulin yayitali mdzanja tsiku lomwe mukukweza zolemera kapena m'mimba mukamasesa AB.

Ponena za kusakanikirana kwa ma insulin osiyanasiyana.

Mwachidule, ayi.

Simungasakanize ma insulini osiyanasiyana kupatula vuto limodzi, ngakhale kusakaniza kumalimbikitsidwa ndi ADA ndikuti ma insulin osakanikirana amagulitsidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala.

Tebulo 17-1. Nthawi yayitali yochita ma insulini osiyanasiyana.