Cholesterol ndi glucose mayeso

Cholesterol mu biochemistry yamagazi ndi mtundu wa litmus ya thanzi la munthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamlingo wozunza, munthu amatha kudziwa kuyambika kwa matenda oyambalala monga aimpso kulephera, mtima wamatenda, mtima matenda, matenda a shuga, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena achinyengo.

Kafukufuku wowerengera owerengetsa magazi amathandiza kuti mulingo wambiri wa cholesterol "yoyenera" motero muthe kupewa kupitirira kwa matenda ambiri. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za lipid yofunika chotere ndikuti mayeso a magazi a cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Mtengo wa cholesterol thupi

Izi zachilengedwe zimagwira ngati mtundu wa steroid, womwe umayang'anira kupangidwa kwa nembanemba ya cell, metabolism yathunthu, kupanga mahomoni ogonana ndikugwira ntchito koyenera kwa ziwalo zonse.

Ngati cholowa chake chovomerezeka chadutsa, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha mapangidwe a atherosulinotic, angina pectoris, stroke ndi matenda ena owopsa chikuchulukitsa.

Kuwunika kwa cholesterol kumathandizira kudziwa zenizeni zaumoyo, kusintha kwa zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino chithunzi cha maimidwe amomwe amachitika mkati mwa thupi.

Kufunika kwa cholesterol ndizovuta. Koma kaonedwe ka iye sikamakhala kovuta nthawi zonse. Mofananamo, lipid imatha kuphimba mitsempha ya magazi; popanda iyo, mapangidwe a bile, ma cell organic, estrogen ndi testosterone, kagayidwe ka mavitamini ambiri (D, E, K, A) ndi metabolism yamafuta ochepa.

Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti anthu okalamba okha ndi omwe ali ndi mavuto a "cholesterol", akatswiri azamankhwala amakono amalimbikitsa kuti odwala azaka zonse azionera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yawo.

Kuwunikira kumapangidwira cholesterol, momwe limasinthira kutengera kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe akhala ndi jenda, malinga ndi zisonyezo zinayi:

1. Chonsesterol (Chol),
2. LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein, LDL) kapena "yoyipa" cholesterol yotenga nawo gawo ponyamula lipid kumaselo a ziwalo. Imatha kudziunjikira m'magazi, kupangitsa kukhazikika kwa matenda owopsa - atherosclerosis, kugunda kwa mtima ndi ena,
3. HDL (high density lipoproteins, HDL) kapena "yopindulitsa" cholesterol, yomwe imayeretsa magazi a otsika milomo lipoprotein ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chamitsempha yamagazi.
4. Triglycerides (TG) - mitundu yamagazi yamadzi am'magazi, yomwe imapangika, chifukwa chogwirizana ndi cholesterol, mphamvu yaulere yogwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi.

Chizindikiro chilichonse chimasiyana mu magwiridwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake. Koma pokhapokha kuyerekeza zigawo zonse pokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zowunikira, mawu omaliza amapangidwa okhudza momwe milili ya lipid ilili. Ngati kuwunika kwa cholesterol ndikwabwino, izi zikuwonetsa thanzi labwino komanso unyamata wa thupi. Kupanda kutero, mkhalidwe wa cholesterol umafuna chithandizo ndi kupewa.

Kodi kusanthula kukufunika liti?

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi cholesterol kumachitika ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi a systolic ndi diastolic. Zizindikiro zikuwonetsa kuchepa pakukaniza kwamipweya ya mtima ndi mwayi wopanga mapangidwe a atherosulinotic mwa iwo.
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri. Amatha kubweretsa kukayikira zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zombo zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono.
• Pakamwa pakamwa. Chizindikiro pafupipafupi cha hyperglycemia. Kukwera kwa mawonekedwe a glucose, kumapangitsa kwambiri xerostomia.
• Chizungulire Zimachitika pamene zigawo za ubongo zikuphatikizidwa mu pathological process. Amawonedwa ndi atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuwala kukuwuluka pamaso ndikuwoneka ngati kodabwitsa m'makutu. Zizindikiro zofananazo zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonongeka kwa bedi lamitsempha yamagalasi yovundikira.
• Paresthesia - chosasangalatsa kumverera kwa kugunda kwa zala zam'manja mwendo.
• Dyspnea ndi kufupika kwa mpweya wopatsa chidwi.
• Tachycardia ndikuphwanya mzere wamtima.
• Cyanosis ya nasolabial patatu ndi chala chala motsutsana ndi maziko osakwanira othandizira magazi kumagawo amthupi.

Kugwirizana kwa shuga ndi cholesterol

Ngati thupi lili ndi vuto la insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba, pali hyperglycemia yomwe ikupitilira - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mkhalidwewo umawopseza kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ndi kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Poyerekeza ndi shuga wamkulu, zizoloŵezi zakudya zimasintha mmalo mwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a cholesterol, munthu amadwala kunenepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala moyo wongokhala. Zotsatira zake, zigawo za cholesterol - ochepa komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein, triglycerides - zimakhudzika ndi kupendekeka kwamitsempha, ndikupangitsa mapangidwe a malo mu lumen. Zovuta za zinthu izi pathupi zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri.

Kukonzekera kuphedwa

Konzani ndikupereka magazi moyenera shuga, triglycerides, lipoprotein ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala am'magazi zithandizira kufunsana ndi dokotala wanu kapena wothandizira wa labotale. Musanayambe kuyesa, muyenera kukana chakudya cham'mawa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kumwa china chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha. Tsiku latha, kuyambiranso kuyenera kupewa. Simuyenera kuyesedwa kwa cholesterol mutatha kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi okhazikika, zoteteza, makatani, ndi zowonjezera zonunkhira. Kukhalapo kwa zinthu izi ndi kukonzekera kosayenera kungasokoneze zotsatira ndikupangitsanso kuzindikira.

Kuchita ndi mitundu ya kusanthula

Kusanthula kwa magawo a labotale kuyenera kuchitika mu chipatala chothandizira anthu wamba kuchita ndi mabanja. Amatenga magazi m'ma labotale omwe amakhala ndi zida zofunika komanso zida zothandizira kuti muzindikire mwachangu. Zotsatira zimaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe. Mutha kupereka magazi kunyumba ya shuga kunyumba. Kwa izi, osanthula osonyeza omvera omwe ali ndi mayeso amizeremizere amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kafukufuku wambiri

Kusanthula kumachitika kuti mupeze milingo ya maselo oyera am'magazi - maselo oyera am'magazi, maselo oteteza kumatenda - ma lymphocyte ndi zinthu zina. Mndandanda womwewo umaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin pigment, yomwe imayendetsa ma atomu a oxygen. Pafukufuku wambiri, erythrocyte sedimentation rate imaphunziridwanso.

Mbiri yamayimidwe

Mulinso zinthu izi:

• Mayeso a hepatatic. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ndi gamma glutamyl transferase.
• Bilirubin - wathunthu ndi tizigawo. Zotsirizazi zimaphatikizira chindapusa chachindunji komanso chaumbiratir.
• Creatinine. Amayang'anira ntchito ya impso.

Lipidogram ndi zida zake

Ma lipoproteins okwera, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri amakhala otsimikiza. Chipangizochi chimawerengera index ya lipid - kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe alembedwa. Monga gawo la kusanthula uku, ma triglycerides ndi mamolekyulu a cholesterol amawerengedwa. Kuwerengera kwa zinthu kumayambitsa vuto ndi kukula kwa njira ya atherosulinotic. Zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa njira yodutsira.

Kulemba zotsatira

Kuti mupeze matenda, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ovuta komanso azitsatanetsatane. Kusanthula kwa zamankhwala ndi kuwulula kwambiri. Koma ngati chidziwitso chokha chikangowonjezereka, ndikofunika kubwereza zomwezomwezo kuti chithunzi chokwanira. Kuwunikira kwa kusantaku kumachitika pokhapokha komanso pamanja, pakakhala zofunika kujambula kufanana ndi zizindikiro zamatenda.

Zifukwa zakukula

Mbiri yowonjezereka ya lipid ikuwonetsa kupanga kapena kulimbikitsa kwa atherosulinotic. Ndizowonetsera mwachindunji kuti muchepetse cholesterol. Koma ngati shuga akwezedwa, amalankhula za matenda amtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse cholesterol ndikuchotsa hyperglycemia. Mulingo wa alanine aminotransferase ukapitirira 41 U / L kwa amuna ndi 31 U / L kwa akazi, izi zimawonetsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamankhwala am'mimba komanso m'mimba. Koma ngati enylme ya amylase ikwera pamwamba pa 100 U / L, amalankhula za kapamba kapena kapamba ka pancreatic.

Zizindikiro zoyezera shuga ndi cholesterol

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa kuti athe kuyesa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mtima komanso matenda a mtima. Zovuta zoterezi ndizofunikira, ngakhale sizokhazo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha atherosulinosis, kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovuta zake, momwe ma cholesterol plaque amayikidwa mu lumen ya ziwiya, chifukwa cha dyslipidemia, zomwe zimasokoneza magazi ndikupereka ziwalo zofunika: mtima, ubongo, miyendo, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a sitiroko. vuto la mtima.

Pakhoza kukhala zochitika zina pamene kuwunika kwa mapangidwe a lipid. Uku ndikuwunika kwathunthu kwama lipids am'magazi, kuphatikiza kutsimikiza kwa cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri, yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri, nthawi zina apoproteins A1 ndi B.

Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose ndiyo njira yayikulu yodziwira hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi izi. Mwachitsanzo, matenda ashuga. Shuga ndi cholesterol ndi chizindikiro cha kupezeka kwa matenda a chiwindi, impso, kapamba, ndi mavuto ena am'magazi a endocrine.

Kukonzekera zoperekera

Ngati mukukonzekera kupereka magazi a shuga ndi cholesterol, ndiye muyenera:

• Pewani chakudya. Mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu angapo amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya, kotero nthawi zambiri kuwunikira kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu, simuyenera kudya chilichonse kwa maola 8 mpaka 14 musanabadwe. Zilibe nzeru kukana chakudya kwakanthawi, zimangofowola thupi.
• Kuchepetsa kudya. Mutha kumwa, koma madzi osakhala a kaboni kokha popanda zowonjezera.
• Osamamwa mowa. Tsiku loti lisanachitike, mwachidziwikire, koma motalikirapo, ndibwino.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zinthu zovuta. Mlingo wa glucose umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, chifukwa cha kupsinjika (kwamalingaliro kapena kwakuthupi) komwe kumayambitsa catabolism ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu ya ATP. Ngati kutenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala kumakupanikizani, ndiye kuti yesetsani kupuma musanapereke magazi.
• Siyani kusuta theka la ola phunzirolo lisanachitike.

Kukonzekera mayesowo kumatha apa, koma ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala ngati angakhudze zotsatira za mayeso.

Kusintha chakudya makamaka mayeso sikuvomerezedwa ndi madokotala nthawi zonse. Zingakhale zomveka komanso zothandiza kwambiri kudziwa zotsatira zomwe zikugwirizana nanu ndipo mukatha, werengani ndi kusintha moyo wanu. Kupatulako ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe amalangizidwa kuti aletse zakudya zamafuta mukakonzekera.

Shuga ndi cholesterol

Kuti mudziwe ngati shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol ndiokwera, muyenera kuyerekezera tebulo lanu lazotsatira ndi zofunikira pazaka zanu komanso gulu lanu. Kenako ndikutanthauzira zotsatira ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, ischemia, etc. kutengera phunziroli.

Kwa glucose, izi ndi izi:

Kwa cholesterol, kusiyana kwa jenda kumatchulidwa kwambiri (mfundo zonse zomwe zili patebulopo zili mmol / l).

Ponena za mulingo wa VLDL, mfundo zapakati pa 0.26 mpaka 1.04 mmol / L.

Kuchotsera kwa kusanthula

Pazotsatira zakusanthula pali dongosolo la zizindikiro:

• cholesterol yathunthu: chidule cholesterol kapena Chol, chokwanira cha Cholesterol,
• lipoproteins okwera kwambiri: HDL kapena LDL-C, HDL Cholesterol,
• lipoproteins otsika kwambiri: LDL kapena LDL-cholesterol, Cholesterol LDL,
• lipoproteins otsika kwambiri: LDL cholesterol kachigawo SNP kapena VLDL Cholesterol,
• triglycerides kapena TG, TG, Triglycerides,
• Apolipoprotein A1: Apolipoprotein A-1, Apo A1,
• apolipoprotein B: Apolipoprotein B,
• lipoprotein (a): Lipoprotein (a), Lp (a).

Ngati chizindikiro cha cholesterol chokwanira, triglycerides ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein chikuchuluka, ndipo kukachulukitsa kwamphamvu lipoprotein kumatsitsidwa, ndiye amakhulupirira kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis ndi chambiri. Komabe, cholesterol yowonjezereka m'magazi sichomwe chimapangitsa vuto la atherosulinosis. Nthawi zina matendawa amadziwonetsera kuzungulira kwake, makamaka, ngati munthu akusuta fodya, amakhala ndi matenda oopsa kapena matenda ashuga.

Matenda a hyperglycemia (shuga wam'magazi) ali ndi madigiri osiyanitsa:

• 6.7 - 8.2 mmol / L - kuwala,
• 8,3 - 11 mmol / L - pafupifupi,
• 11.1 mmol - lolemera
• aakulu hyperglycemia - chikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga,
• hypoglycemia - shuga glucose m'munsimu 3.5 mmol / l.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi shuga komanso mafuta ambiri

Amadziwika kuti cholesterol m'magazi ikhoza kukhazikika pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi ndikuphwanya kutalika kwake, amapanga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic. Akasweka, magazi amawundana, ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu m'malo ano. Chovala chamagazi chimatha kugwa, zidutswa zakugwa kuchokera mu izo zimatchinga mosavuta. Tikuyankhula za kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri kapena kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, osati za cholesterol ngati lipid. Pofuna kupewa matenda a mtima, ischemia, angina pectoris oyambitsidwa ndi atherosulinosis, choyambirira, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu. Kusintha uku kumatsatira kutsatira kadyedwe kena, mfundo za kadyedwe koyenera komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri.

Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi kuyeretsa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ochulukirapo ndimafuta ambiri, ndikupatsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano, mtedza, mafuta a masamba, nsomba, mwanjira ina, chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta osakwanira a Omega-3, Omega-6. Zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga ndimagazi. Muyeneranso kusamalira nyemba, nandolo, nyemba, mphodza ndikuphatikizira zakudya zanu za sabata. Osati tsiku ndi tsiku. Mfundo za zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudya zomwezo tsiku lililonse. Palibenso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimapezeka pompopompo, zakudya zosavuta, chakudya chodyera mwachangu. Iyenera kudyedwa nthawi zambiri: kangapo ka 5-6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wochepetsa thupi mwachangu ndikupangitsa kuti lipid ndi metabolism yamoto.

Ngati kusintha kwa moyo wanu komanso kadyedwe kwanu sikunakhale ndi zotulukapo zazikulu, ndiye, pazotsatira za katswiri, muyenera kutengera kuchipatala. Mankhwala ochepetsa lipid amadziwika kuti amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.Mankhwala ena omwe adapangidwa pakumwa amaphatikizapo: polyconazole - chisakanizo chamafuta acic, nicotinic acid - vitamini PP, ezetimibe - amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol, fibrate, kutsitsa lipids ndi adsorbents, ma resins.

Zakudya za hyperglycemia zimaphatikizapo kukana kwa chakudya champhamvu kwambiri. Muyenera kukana zakudya zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, perekani zomwe amakonda ndi zotsika. Komanso zakudya kuti zizisinthasintha magawo azigawo za lipid, tikulimbikitsidwa kugawa chakudya chonse muzakudya zisanu ndi zisanu ndi imodzi ndi kuyiwala za unyolo wachangu, chakudya chosavuta. Shuga amawerengedwa ngati nkotheka, cholowa m'malo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zipatso zokoma zimadyedwanso pang'ono. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira zakudya zosamalitsa.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika ndi dokotala. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotsatira za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa glycemia: kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe amthupi m'magazi, kulimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin, kamene kamatsitsa shuga m'magazi ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha insulin. Katswiri yekha ndi omwe angadziwe mtundu ndi mankhwalawa.

Momwe munganyozere kuyesedwa kwa magazi anu? Pali yankho!

Zisonyezero zakafukufuku wa labotale

Kuzindikira labotale ndiyo njira yodziwikiratu yodziwira matenda kumayambiriro ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa matendawo. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi cholesterol kumatha kutengedwa payekhapayekha kapena munthawi yomweyo mukamatenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Dokotala amamuwuza wodwala kuti amupimire ku labotale ngati pali zina monga:

• kusweka mtima
• kupanikizika pafupipafupi
• kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi kapena kulemera kwake popanda chifukwa chodziwika
• kufooka
• ludzu lamphamvu ndi lokhazikika
• kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kuyabwa kwa ziwalo zakunja,
• pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana
• chizungulire komanso kukomoka.

Momwe mungakonzekerere mayeso?

Kuphatikizika ndi kapangidwe ka magazi kamakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzatenge m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kukonzekera mwachindunji sikofunikira kwa wodwalayo, koma masiku 2-4 maphunziro asanachitike, mbale, mafuta, zonunkhira komanso zakumwa osuta, mowa ndi mankhwala, makamaka othandizira, okodzetsa komanso antibacterial, sayenera kudzipatula pakudya. Za zakumwa, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera okha. Chepetsani kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo ndi kupsinjika kwa thupi.

Kudalirika kwa zotsatirapo kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera kwa wodwalayo, kutsatira kwake malangizo onse a dokotala musanafike pakupereka magazi. Kuzindikira komanso njira zochizira zimadalira izi.

Momwe mungasinthire?

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi cholesterol m'magazi, mitundu iwiri ya mayeso a labotale imagwiritsidwa ntchito: biochemical ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Yoyamba mwaiwo ikuwonetsa kupatuka panjira, ndipo yachiwiri imakhala yolongosoka ndikufotokozera izi mwatsatanetsatane. Zimayikidwa ngati chizindikirocho chikuwonjezereka ndikuwonetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane za momwe vutoli likufunira. Mwazi wofufuza zamankhwala am'magazi umatengedwa kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar kupita mu chubu chosalimba. Voliyumu yokwanira pa phunziroli ndi 5-10 ml. Pambuyo pake, chidebe chimayikidwa mu centrifuge, pomwe zinthuzo zimagawika m'magulu a plasma ndi wandiweyani. Mutha kuyesa shuga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zamagalimoto (glucometer).

Zizindikiro zofananira

Chikhalidwe cha shuga ndi lipoprotein m'magazi ndizosiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe. Ndi zaka, zinthuzi zimadziunjikira m'thupi, chifukwa chake chikhazikitso chimakulirakulira. Zomwezo zimapita kwa ana. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zisonyezo zonse ziwiri ndizolumikizana, ndipo ngati imodzi yaukitsidwa, kenako inayo imakula nthawi yomweyo. Mndandanda wazidziwitso za akulu ndi ana umawoneka motere: