Glucophage: malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito, ogwira ntchito, kuwunika

Novembara 23, 2018
Mankhwala ena
Svetlana Morozova

Chifukwa choti anthu amakono amakhala ndi moyo wopanda ntchito? ndipo ntchito yawo imalumikizidwa ndi kukhalabe mu ofesi, vuto la kunenepa kwambiri lakhala kwambiri. Komanso, anthu nthawi zambiri amadalira zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma mitundu yonse yazakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso mankhwala omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya ndipo samayenderana mwachindunji ndi zovuta zamafuta. Imodzi mwa mankhwalawa ndi Glucophage. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi zisonyezo zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga, koma ogulitsa ndi "odziwa" anthu amapereka chida ichi ngati chothandizira polimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kodi izi ndi zowona ndipo kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumabweretsa mavuto azaumoyo? Nkhaniyi ifufuza zonse za Glucophage, momwe zimawonekera, contraindication ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi.

"Glucophage": kapangidwe ka mankhwala

Mankhwalawa ndi piritsi yoyera komanso mtundu wa biconvex. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi metformin hydrochloride, omwe piritsi limodzi limatha kukhala osiyana. Kutengera mlingo, Glucophage 500 kapena 850, 1000 mg amadziwika. Amayikidwa m'matumba a mapiritsi 10, pomwe paketi imodzi imatha kukhala zidutswa 10, 15, 20.

Mankhwala, amatha kupereka analogue ya mankhwalawa - "Glucofage Long." Chidachi chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Pankhaniyi, Mlingo wa metformin ndi wokhazikika ndipo ndi 500 mg. Ili ndi mtundu wa "Glucophage" komanso wothandiza, womwe umathandizira kuti chimbudzi chikhale chogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, motero mapiritsi osowa kwambiri:

magnesium wakuba,
hypopellosis,
cellrosose yama microscopic,
carmellose sodium.

Funso nthawi zambiri limabuka kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungakonde. Munthawi zonse, kusankha kumayenera kukhala ndi adokotala.

Zokhudza thupi

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mankhwalawa "Glucofage" ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chogwira - metformin hydrochloride. Thupi limakhala la biguanides omwe amatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake zimatheka chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatirazi:

Matumbo. Mankhwala amatha kuchedwetsa shuga omwe amalandiridwa ndi chakudya m'matumbo a m'matumbo, omwe amatsimikizira kuchotsedwa kwa owonjezera ndi ndowe.
Chiwindi. Amadziwika kuti chiwindi chimagwira nawo ntchito yayikulu pakuyendetsa sucrose. Thupi limayambitsa kuphulika kwa mamolekyulu a shuga ndikumasulidwa kwa shuga. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa njirazi, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga amene amayenda m'magazi.
Minofu. Zida zopotokola zomwe zimapanga minofu imatha shuga. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Glucofage ndi chitsimikiziro cha izi, chifukwa akuti amathandizira kuwonjezera njirayi, yomwe imalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa malo ogulitsa mafuta ziwalo zina.

Otsatsa akupititsa patsogolo mankhwala ngati njira yochepetsera kunenepa. Izi zikuchokera pamfundo yoti chinthu chogwira ntchito chimagwira mwachindunji pakusinthana kwa lipid. Chifukwa chake, mwa odwala, njira yogawa mafuta imathandizira kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi kumachepetsedwa.

Bwanji nditha kunenepa

Nthawi zambiri zoperekedwa ngati mapiritsi a zakudya "Glucofage." Mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuwunika mungapeze chitsimikizo cha nkhaniyi. Kuchitikaku ndikuthekera kwa metformin:

khazikitsani kagayidwe ka lipid ndikuchepetsa cholesterol,
khazikitsani maselo am'mimba kuti mumwatse kwambiri shuga,
chepetsani kuyamwa kwa mafuta osavuta a makoma am'matumbo,
kuchepetsa njira ya gluconeogenesis mu chiwindi.

Zachidziwikire, chida sichinapangidwe kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndikukhazikitsa kagayidwe ka shuga m'magazi a matenda a shuga a 2. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amathandizira chidwi cha wodwala kumankhwala ena angapo, kuphatikizapo insulin.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Zikuwoneka kuti ena Glucophage ndiwothandiza modabwitsa pakuchepetsa thupi. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, komabe, amawonetsa mawonekedwe a pharmacological omwe amatha kukhala vuto la "ulesi" kuchepetsa thupi. Nayi ena a iwo:

Zakudya ziyenera kutsatiridwa mulimonse. Mapiritsi samalola kuti matumbo a matumbo azigwira glucose, pogwiritsa ntchito ma receptor ena omwe amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa ma polysaccharides. Chifukwa chake, ndi kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo, wodwala amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha chisokonezo komanso mavuto ena a dyspeptic. Pankhani imeneyi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya ndikudya zakudya zochepa zamafuta.
Ngati palibe zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti pali kudzikundikira kwamafuta a thupi m'misempha. Kuchulukitsa kwa glucose kumachitika minofu minofu. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imafunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati munthu akupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo wopanda ntchito, ndiye kuti minofu ya minofu imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi minofu ya adipose. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupeza malire pakati pa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso kusakhalapo kwathunthu, chifukwa katundu wambiri adzabweretsa mapangidwe a lactic acid m'misempha.
Ndikotheka kuvulaza thupi lathanzi. "Glucophage", malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito amagwirizana ndi mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga. Poterepa, amapatsidwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa maselo awo kupita ku insulin. Mapiritsi amawonjezera kukhudzika kwawo kwa mahomoni, koma mwa anthu athanzi labwino limadwalanso kwambiri atasiya kumwa mankhwalawo.

Zotsatira zake, kukayikira kambiri kumabuka kwa okayikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito Glucofage pakuchepetsa thupi. Mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuwunika, mutha kudziwa zambiri kuti pali zochitika zingapo pomwe mankhwalawa adathandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa poyambirira anali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi. Koma mutha kupezanso malingaliro oti mankhwalawa sathandiza kutaya mapaundi owonjezera.

Chifukwa chiyani ndemanga zimakhala zosiyanasiyana

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa thupi, koma ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulemera. Wodwala akapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la glucose ndipo ali ndi vuto pa kagayidwe kenakake, ndiye kuti kumwa mapiritsiwo kukakhala koyenera. Pankhaniyi, odwala nthawi zambiri amasiya kuwunika koyenera, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zopanda malire, ngati malangizo onse a dokotala amatsatiridwa mosamalitsa.

Magulu ena a anthu nthawi zambiri samawona zotsatira ndikuyesera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Koma ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito "Glucofage 1000", ndiye kuti palibe zowoneka, ndipo pali zovuta zake zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mapiritsiwa amakhala ndi zokutira enteric, zomwe nthawi zina zimapweteketsa ziwengo. Zotsatira zake, ndemanga zambiri zotsutsana zimatha kupezeka pa netiweki, zomwe zimayankhula moyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pongofuna momwe adakonzera.

Mlingo wa 1000 mg

"Glucophage 1000" ndimankhwala okhawo omwe ali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, komanso omwe ali oopsa. Kuti muchepetse kunenepa, mawonekedwe awa sanapatsidwe. Wodwala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo pokhapokha akuwonetsa komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani ndiye kuti Glucophage 1000 malangizo othandizira angagwiritsidwe ntchito mapiritsi atatu katatu patsiku. Komabe, adotolo amatha kusintha maphunzirowo monga momwe wodwalayo alili.

Mapiritsi akugwira 850 mg

Glucofage 850 imapangidwanso kuti ichiritse odwala ndipo samalimbikitsidwa ngati piritsi la kunenepa. Komabe, adotolo nthawi zonse amawunika kuchuluka kwa shuga malinga ndi zotsatira za polojekitiyi ndipo mankhwalawo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira kuti athetse vutoli, kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoyambirira ya matenda osavuta a shuga komanso kulemera kogwirizana nako. Mlingo "Glucophage" umakhazikitsidwa ndi adokotala okha, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mapiritsi atatu patsiku.

Mlingo woyambira woyenera

Kuti muchepetse thupi ndi matenda a lipid metabolism, Glucofage 500 imakonda kutumizidwa. Malangizowa ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chovomerezeka, koma chigamulo chomaliza chiyenera kukhalabe ndi akatswiri. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo ndi metformin chimayamba ndi mlingo wa 500 mg. Chizindikiritso ichi chogwira ntchito chimatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukayamba kunenepa kwambiri ndikuyamba njira yotentha mafuta. Ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi endocrinologist kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma muzowonjezera pali zisonyezo zakugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi sikisi patsiku.

Kapangidwe ka mapiritsi "Kutalika"

Izi zimapangidwira kuti zikhudze thupi, motero, nthawi zambiri pamankhwala "Glucofage Long", malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito amakhudza mlingo umodzi patsiku. M'pofunika kudya madzulo mutatha chakudya chatha. Phalelo siliyenera kulumwa, koma liyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Kwa wodwala aliyense, mulingo uyenera kusankhidwa poganizira momwe alili, koma nthawi zonse amayamba ndi chidutswa chimodzi patsiku.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Glucofage Long 750" popanda yopuma. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi malangizo akuti ngati mungalumphe, muyenera kumwa nthawi yotsatira nthawi yoyenera kuti musawonjezere.

Chithandizo chitha kusinthidwa potengera kuyesedwa kwa magazi kochitidwa sabata iliyonse. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe odwala amadandaula nthawi zambiri zimatha kupewedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mlingo. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito "Glucofage 750" mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akufotokozedwa motere:

Masiku khumi oyamba - piritsi limodzi patsiku.
Amanenanso kuti awonjezere zidutswa ziwiri patsiku.
Ngati sizotheka kukwaniritsa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti patatha masiku khumi mumwa mapiritsi atatu patsiku.

Ngati malangizowa sakubweretsa zabwino, ndiye kuti mutha kusintha m'malo mwake ndi Glucofage 1000, malangizowo akuwonetsa mpaka katatu patsiku.

Njira Zowonongera Zochizira

Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsidwa mwachangu ndi otsatsa ndi cholinga chochepetsa thupi. Kuti muchite izi, imaganiziridwa kuti "Glucofage 500", yomwe ili ndi mulingo wocheperako wa zosakaniza ndi njira yaying'ono yosavuta. Piritsi yovomerezeka imakhala itatu patsiku. Mlingo ungathe kuchuluka, koma kokha ndi dokotala komanso kutengera mayeso omwe amawonetsa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.

M'mawuwo mutha kupeza malingaliro oti kumwa mapiritsi katatu konse sikabwino. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, "Glucofage Long." Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuwunikira kumatsimikizira kuchita kwake kwakutali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuthekera kwa mlingo umodzi.

Kusiyana pakati pa kwanthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe ake kumafotokozedwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa metformin m'magazi. Ngati mankhwala abwinobwino afika pambuyo pa maola 2-3, koma nawonso atachotsedwa msanga, ndiye kuti ndi "Kutalika" - pokhapokha maola 4. Komanso, kuchotsedwaku kumachedwanso ndipo kwatsala tsiku limodzi.

Zizindikiro zachindunji

Mankhwala oopsa ndi Glucophage. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi chidziwitso chazomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa angalimbikitsidwe. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa mankhwalawa ndizokwera kwa glucose okwanira ndi mtundu wofanana 2 ndi matenda a shuga 1. Palinso zowonetsa zina:

kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kudya ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi sizithandiza,
mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi zinthu zina za hypoglycemic, pomwe palibe kubwerera komwe kungachitike.

M'njira zina zonse, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito analogues yomwe imakhala yofatsa. Mitundu yonse yazakudya zowonjezera komanso zothira zitsamba zingakhale zothandiza. Akatswiri adziwa kuti palibe zabwino zochepa kuchokera kwa iwo, koma kuopsa kwa thanzi kumachepetsedwa.

Malangizo ochepetsa thupi

Ngati "Glucofage 500", malangizo omwe amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito thupi mopitirira muyeso, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pakuchepetsa thupi pakakhala vuto la lipid, ndiye kuti odwala ayenera kutsatira malangizo ena:

kumwa mapiritsi nthawi zonse nthawi yomweyo
gwiritsani theka la kapu yamadzi akumwa,
phwando likuphatikizidwa ndi chakudya,
Imwani madzi ambiri tsiku lonse,
kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kuwachepetsa.

"Glucophage" wamba uyenera kutengedwa mpaka katatu patsiku. Mapiritsi amaphatikizidwa ndi chakudya. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito Kutalika, ndibwino kumwa mapiritsi nthawi yamadzulo. Kuchita izi kungachepetse chidwi chanu cha tsiku lotsatira.

Kutalika Kwa Maphunziro

Zachidziwikire, ndi adokotala okha omwe angatchule njira yoyenera yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepetsa thupi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti njira yayikulu imawonedwa masiku 21 oyamba. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa milungu yopitilira atatu sikulimbikitsidwa. Maphunzirowa atatha, ndikofunikira kupuma kwa miyezi ingapo. Ngati simutsatira malangizowo, ndiye kuti maselo amthupi amagwiritsa ntchito Metformin ndikuwonjezeranso kufikira ziro. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana insulini kumawonjezeka kwambiri, komwe kumawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko a kusiya mankhwala.

Palibe kuvomereza

Posankha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Glucofage" chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa thupi kumbuyo kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, adalemba motsutsana. Mndandanda ndiwowonjezera:

bronchopulmonary ndi matenda ena opatsirana am'mapapo thirakiti, omwe amatha kupatsanso impso,
ana ochepera zaka 10 ndipo atatha zaka 60,
kulephera kupuma
hypoxia
poyizoni ndi kuledzera thupi, mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa izi,
kulephera kwa mtima
ngati wodwala ali pachakudya chomwe chimadya zoperewera zopitilira 1000 patsiku,
mimba
nthawi yoyamwitsa,
mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena uchidakwa wambiri, ngakhale mu gawo lazikhululukiro,
lactic acidosis,
kupatsira wodwala mayeso a x-ray.

Ngakhale odwala atakhala kuti sakudziwa zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuyamwa kwa magawo a mapiritsi kapena kuwonjezereka kungatheke.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Mankhwalawa ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amathandizira thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutatsatira malangizowo kwathunthu, simudzatha kupewa zovuta. Pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa makonzedwe, odwala amatha kumva zovuta zonse za kuchepa thupi ndi mapiritsi awa:

Zosintha m'mimba zimachitika. Kulawa kwachitsulo kumatuluka mkamwa, nseru imatha kusokoneza, ndipo ngakhale kusanza kumatha kutseguka. Vuto lakuchuluka limachitika ndipo kupweteka kumawonekera kawirikawiri m'mimba. Ambiri amachepetsa thupi amasiya kudya, koma pakufunika zakudya zoyenera. Komanso, zokonda za kukoma zimasintha nthawi zambiri.
Milandu ya chitukuko cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la megaloblastic komanso kusintha kwina kwa magazi kulembedwa ngati Glucofage ndi yosalamulirika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumathandizira kukula kwa hypovitaminosis motsutsana ndi kuyamwa kwa vitamini B12.Chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, odwala amawona kuwonongeka kwa khungu komanso mawonekedwe a totupa yamagulu amtundu woyipa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala lactic acidosis chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic.
Pali nthawi zina pamene chiwindi chimakhudzidwa ndikuwonekera kwa hepatitis ya mankhwala. Poona izi, wodwalayo atha kusiya kudya.

Komabe, akatswiri amadziwa kuti ngati njira yochepetsera thupi yachitika ndikuyang'aniridwa kwathunthu ndi dokotala komanso ngati wodwalayo sakuphwanya mlingo womwe waperekedwa, ndiye kuti mavuto onse amayamba kuvutika pang'onopang'ono. Sabata imodzi mutatha kulimbikira. Koma, ngati patatha masiku asanu ndi awiriwo zizindikirazo zowawa zikulirakulira, kapena mavuto onse obwera kale, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi dotolo ndikuyezetsa.

Zotsatira za kudya kosalamulirika

Glucophage imagulitsidwa muma pharmacies ndi mankhwala kuchokera kwa endocrinologist. Komabe, chifukwa cholakwika ndi antchito osavomerezeka, mutha kugula nokha mankhwalawo. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amayesera payekhapayekha kudziimira payekha mankhwala omwe sagwirizana ndi kuthekera kwake komanso zofunikira za thupi. Zotsatira zake, bongo umachitika kawirikawiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatirazi:

kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza komanso kusanza,
kupumira msanga, kuiwala, kutentha thupi,
kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba
kusowa kwamadzi (kusowa kwamadzi).

Akatswiri amachenjeza kuti ndi zizindikiro za mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso, njira zokhazo zokhazo zomwe zingathandize kutuluka m'khutu, zomwe ndi izi:

kuchipatala
magazi lactate kusanthula
kuthetsedwa konse kwa Glucophage,
ngati kuli kotheka, hemodialysis ndi chithandizo chofunikira kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zosasangalatsa.

Simuyenera kudalira malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito. Njira yotsatsira imapangidwa kuti izindikiritse wodwalayo mawonekedwe apamwamba a mankhwalawo komanso akatswiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mapiritsi adapangidwira zochizira matenda a shuga, ndikuti kuthana ndi kulemera kwambiri sichizindikiro.

Chifukwa cholandirira popanda kuikidwa nkoopsa

Ndemanga zambiri zabwino pamaneti zitha kupezeka za "Glucofage". Poyerekeza ndi momwe adadyera, kulolera kwa glucose, kuchepa thupi komanso ngakhale kuyambika kwa nthawi yayitali yomwe amakhala akuyembekezera, zomwe sizingatheke chifukwa cha mapaundi owonjezera ndi shuga wamagazi. Komabe, zomwe zalembedwazi zikuyenera kungopezedwa ngati zowona osati zongoyesedwa kwa wodwala aliyense amene ali wonenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ali osavomerezeka kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la kusintha kwa msambo. Zadziwika kuti mosiyana ndi momwe masinthidwe amthupi amakhudzira, kusintha kwa maselo ku insulin, komwe kumapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu, kumatha kukulira.

Muzoyang'ana mutha kuwona kuti mankhwalawa adathandizira bwino kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, odwala sanganene kuti kuyendera kwa katswiri wazakudya komanso njira zokwanira zolimbana ndi kunenepa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi katswiri zinayambitsa izi.

Glucophage Long ili ndi ndemanga zambiri zabwino. Mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuwunikira pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, motero palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi pafupipafupi. Koma ngakhale pankhaniyi, zoyipa zimakhalapo nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake endocrinologist ndiye amene ayenera kupereka mankhwalawo.

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti simuyenera kumwa mowa, ngakhale pang'ono, ndikumwa mapiritsi. Zachilombo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti sizothandiza pantchito ya ziwalo zonse, chifukwa cha mankhwala ndikofunika kusiya mowa.

Ndemanga za Magwiridwe

Wodwala aliyense samangokhala ndi nkhawa za zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawo, komanso mathero ake. Kwa iwo omwe akuyesera kuti achepetse thupi pogwiritsa ntchito Glucofage, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kumapeto kwa chithandizo, odana ndi kilos samavutikanso. Kuti muone kuyipa kwa mankhwalawa, mutha kuwerengera ndemanga za odwala omwe adamaliza maphunziro athunthu. Monga machitidwe a madotolo ndi mayankho a anthu akuwonetsa, mankhwalawa ndi othandizika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso 2, komanso kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa lipid metabolism. Ngati mapaundi owonjezera adawoneka chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino mthupi, motsutsana ndi shuga m'mimba, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa atha kuthandiza. Ngati wodwalayo akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ochepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi zakudya zikaphwanyidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zogwirizana ndi dongosolo. Munthu samangokhala wonenepa, koma monga momwe machitidwe amasonyezera, amalandila mavuto ambiri azaumoyo.

"Glucophage" mankhwalawa achinyamata

Nthawi zambiri ndemanga zimakometsedwa kapena kutengera pulogalamu imodzi. Koma ziwerengero zamankhwala ndizokhazikika pazotsatira zamankhwala, chifukwa chake. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro amitundu yonse adachitidwa ndicholinga chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza kunenepa kwambiri kwa achinyamata. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyesedwa kunachitika kwa odwala omwe mthupi lawo limafalikira kwambiri, koma kulolera kwa glucose sikunawonedwe ndipo matenda a shuga sanakhazikike.

Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi awa pochizira achinyamata onenepa sikutha. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwalawa mankhwalawa komanso zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa payekhapayekha, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana, kapena osati zabwino, kuposa pakumwa mapiritsi.

Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa ali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe zotsatira zake, sibwino kuchitira ana kunenepa kwambiri popanda matenda ashuga.

Kufunika kwa chakudya chamagulu

Ngati pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito "Glucofage" pochizira kunenepa kwambiri, wotsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, ndiye kuti kudya zakudya zoyenera ndikofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi. Zachidziwikire, kudya zakudya kapena kukana chakudya kwathu pankhaniyi sikufunika, komanso kuvulaza.

Mutha kusankha njira ziwiri zamagetsi. Poyamba, wodwalayo amatha kudya zakudya zomwe sizinachitike, koma zochepa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti katswiri wazakudya azitha kupanga menyu kuti asatenge zakudya zamatumbo ambiri. Mlandu wachiwiri, zovuta za chakudya zimatha kudyedwa, koma ma lipids samachotsedwa muzakudya.

Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza chakudya chokwanira mu fiber ndi chomera mu menyu. Ikhoza kukhala njere, nyemba, nandolo. Koma shuga ndi zida zake ndizoletsedwa kwathunthu.

"Glucophage 500" malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito amatanthauza mankhwala omwe ali ndi mndandanda wosangalatsa wa zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa saloledwa kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe alibe zikwaniritsidwa zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Mwanjira ina, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma vutoli ndi lachiwiri, cholinga chachikulu ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka lipid ndi shuga m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kuchepa thupi zidzakhala zazifupi ngati mapiritsiwo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina.

Kukonzekera Kwa Mimba

Mimba imatha kukonzedwa pokhapokha ngati shuga a magazi, omwe shuga ndi yofunika kuchita ndi insulin. Gwiritsani ntchito "Glucofage" (mulingo wofunikira siofunika) pakuchepetsa thupi pakali pano ndizoletsedwa. Komabe, zitha kupezeka. Chifukwa chake, ndi polycystic ovary, pakakhala kulekerera kwa glucose, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala olimbikitsidwa.

Zotheka

Glucophage wayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ponseponse mu endocrinology. Komabe, mapiritsi sakhala oyenera kwa wodwala winawake kapena palibe mwayi wowagula. Poterepa, katswiriyo adzaganiziranso mankhwala ngati amenewo pochita. Mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

Funso limabuka kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungasankhe kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino komanso kupewa zovuta ngati zingatheke. Ndikofunikira kulingalira cholinga chokhazikikacho. Ngati mankhwalawa adakonzedwa kuti azisinthira index ya hypoglycemic ya thupi, ndiye kuti lingaliro liyenera kukhalabe ndi katswiri. Ngati ndikofunika kuti muchepetse thupi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musankhe mankhwala omwe ali ndi mavuto ochepa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kapangidwe ka ma analogu ali pafupifupi ofanana ndipo chophatikizira chachikulu ndi metformin. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala mulingo wosiyaniratu wa kuyererako zinthu, komanso zina zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake kusagwirizana, matupi awo sagwirizana ndi zovuta zina.

Pomaliza

Glucophage ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwira matenda a shuga ndi matenda a lipid. Amalembera matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri komanso woyamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufooka kwa glucose, odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala onenepa, chifukwa, mapiritsi amayikidwa kuti akonze zolemetsa. Inde, ndi chithandizo choyenera, zotsatira zake sizitali. Koma zodabwitsazi zimakakamiza ena ogulitsa osakhulupirika kuti alimbikitse mankhwalawo ngati njira yowonetsera kuwonda. Kuchita izi ndizoletsedwa, apo ayi mutha kuvulaza thanzi lanu.

Zambiri pazamankhwala

Mankhwalawa ali pamlomo ndipo ali m'gulu la Biguanides, chifukwa ali ndi gawo lalikulu - metformin hydrochloride. Amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, 500, 850 kapena 1000 mg.

Wopangitsanso amatulutsa Glucophage Long - kukonzekera kofanana kwambiri pakupanga, komwe kumakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Komabe, m'nkhaniyi tikambirana makamaka za Glucofage.

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimagwira, kupezeka kwa mankhwala antidiabetesic kumaphatikizanso zinthu monga magnesium stearate, povidone komanso opadra yoyera.

Ndi makonzedwe amkati a Glucofage, metformin imalowa m'matumbo am'mimba, itadzilowerera kwathunthu. Zambiri pazomwe zimagwira ntchito zimachitika pambuyo pa maola awiri othandizira. Chifukwa cha momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, munthu akhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:

Kutsitsa shuga wambiri kukhala wabwinobwino. Pankhaniyi, boma la hypoglycemic silinawonedwe, chifukwa mankhwalawa samatulutsa insulin.
Kuchulukitsa kuyankha kwa minofu ku mahomoni opangidwa.
Kuchepetsa kupanga shuga wa chiwindi poletsa glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis.
Kuchedwa kuyamwa kwamatumbo a shuga.
Sinthani kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen ndi kuthekera kwa mayendedwe a shuga.
Khazikika ngakhalenso kuchepetsa thupi. Pankhani imeneyi, pali chizolowezi chomwa mankhwalawa kwa odwala athanzi omwe akufuna kuchepetsa thupi. Alibe kuchepa kwa shuga m'munsi mwazonse.
Sinthani kagayidwe ka lipid ndi cholesterol yotsika.

The yogwira thunthu amagawidwa zogwirizana onse minofu zida ndipo samamangirira mapuloteni m'madzi a m'magazi. Mankhwalawa samapukusidwa kwathunthu, koma amafufutidwa pamodzi ndi mkodzo.

Mudaphunzira momwe Glucophage imagwirira ntchito, mutha kuwunikira zazikulu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin ndi kusakwanira kwa zakudya zapadera komanso kunenepa kwambiri:

mwa ana ndi achinyamata opitirira zaka 10 ali okha kapena jakisoni wa insulin,
Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mankhwala osiyana ndi ena kapena mankhwala ena a mankhwalawa.

Mu prediabetes, pamene pali zifukwa zina zowonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2, Glucofage imalembedwanso.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa

Glucophage yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyang'anira mosamala Mlingo wake ndi malingaliro onse a adotolo. Pogula mankhwalawa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti likuyenerera ndikuzolowera ndikuyika. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, mutha kufunsa katswiri.

Choyimira chiri ndi zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi kumwa mankhwalawa. Kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa, amamwa kawiri kapena katatu katatu-850 mg patsiku panthawi ya chakudya kapena pambuyo pake. Ndikofunika kwambiri kugawa kudya kwa tsiku lililonse kangapo, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kufooka kwa mankhwalawo. Kuchita kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa thupi ndi zotsatira za metformin. Chifukwa chaichi, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri akamamwa Glucofage amadandaula chifukwa cha kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kutsekemera kwamkamwa, kupweteka pamimba kapena kuphwanya m'mimba. Pakupita milungu iwiri, zizindikilo zotere zimazimiririka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kochulukitsa.

Mlingo wokonza ndi 1500-2000 mg patsiku. Pazipita tsiku lililonse zakumwa kumwa Glucofage 3000 mg.

Ngati wodwala akufunika kusintha kuchokera ku mankhwala ena ampikisano kuti ayambe kumwa mankhwala a Glucofage, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Nthawi zina endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin ndi Glucophage kuphatikiza matenda a shuga a 2. Pa mlingo wa 500-850 mg kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, mlingo wa insulin umatsimikiziridwa poganizira zomwe zili ndi shuga.

Kodi ana ayenera kumwa mapiritsi angati a Glucofage? Mwa odwala achichepere, kuyambira zaka 10, mankhwalawa amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, padera komanso osakanikirana ndi insulin. Mlingo woyambirira umodzi ndi 500-850 mg, pakapita nthawi amatha kuwonjezeredwa mpaka awiri kapena atatu.

Momwe mungamwe Glucophage ndi prediabetes? Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa pa 1000-1800 mg patsiku, logawidwa pawiri.

Ndi vuto laimpso kapena mwa anthu okalamba, mankhwala a Glucophage amatengedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwunika kayendedwe ka impso osachepera 2-4 pachaka.

Katemera amasungidwa m'malo amdima osavomerezeka ndi ana. Mphamvu yotentha sayenera kupitirira 25 digiri Celsius. Monga lamulo, alumali moyo wa Glucofage 500 kapena 850 mg ndi zaka zisanu, ndipo Glucofage 1000 mg ndi zaka zitatu.

Contraindication ndi zotheka kuvulaza

Pogula Glucophage, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kuphunzira.

Tsamba lomwe latsindikizidwa limakhala ndi mndandanda wachindunji wa contraindication ogwiritsa ntchito glucophage.

Asanapereke mankhwala othandizira odwala, dokotala ayenera kudziwa zonse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga kuti apewe mavuto. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ndi koletsedwa ndi:

Kubala mwana kapena nthawi yoyamwitsa.
Hypersensitivity ku chigawo chachikulu komanso zinthu zina.
Matenda a shuga, koma, ketoacidosis, komanso lactic acidosis.
Kulephera kwamkati, kuwonongeka kwa impso (creatinine pansi pa 45 ml pa mphindi).
Kuchepa kwa thupi, matenda opatsirana, kugwedezeka, komwe kumakulitsa mwayi wa kusokonezeka kwa impso.
Matenda omwe amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha minofu hypoxia. Izi zimaphatikizira kulephera kwa mtima / kupweteka kwa mtima, kugunda kwamtima kwambiri, kapena kulephera kupuma.
Kuchepa kwa chiwindi kapena chiwindi.
Zochita za opaleshoni kapena mabala owopsa omwe amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin.
Zakudya zama calorie ochepera zimatengedwa mpaka 1000 kcal patsiku.
Kuledzera kapena kuledzera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ayodini okhala ndi ayodini asanafike komanso atatha maola 48 a mayeso a radiology.

Glucophage amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 60, omwe ntchito yake imalumikizidwa ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, chifukwa amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi lactic acidosis. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso amathanso kugundika.

Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mapiritsi kapena pazifukwa zina, kukulitsa zovuta zoyipa kumatheka. Malangizo amafotokoza zotsatirazi:

kusokonezeka m'mimba:
zimachitika pakhungu - zotupa, kuyabwa, erythema.
maonekedwe a megaloblastic anemia.
mawonekedwe a lactic acidosis.
kusokonezeka kwa chiwindi kapena hepatitis.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zoyipa zimawonekera pakupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa vitamini B12.

Njira zopewera kwambiri

Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungamwere kumwa Glucofage moyenera, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu amathanso kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi zina amafa.

Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito metformin pa mlingo wa mpaka 85 magalamu, wopitilira muyeso wapamwamba kwambiri wa tsiku lililonse nthawi 42,5, sikuti kukuchepa kwambiri kwa glycemia. Koma lactic acidosis imatha kupezeka, koma ndizomwe zimayambitsa?

Lactic acidosis, kapena acidosis, ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa metformin. Pokhapokha ngati pali chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu komanso chofulumira, zotsatira zake ndizotheka. Mukamwa Glucofage, bongo wowonjezereka amawonetsedwa motere:

Khunyu limodzi ndi mavuto a dyspeptic.
Asthenia ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba.
Acidotic dyspnea.
Kukweza kutentha kwa thupi.
Kukula kwa chikomokere.

Ngati wodwala wazindikira chimodzi mwazizindikiro za lactic acidosis, ayenera kutumizidwa kuchipatala mwachangu. Kenako, adotolo amawona zomwe zili ndi lactate ndikufotokozera bwino matendawa. Kuchotsa metformin ndi mkaka wa mthupi, hemodialysis imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Palinso chithandizo chamankhwala chochotsa zizindikirocho.

Glucophage ndi ena othandizira a hypoglycemic

Pali mndandanda wina wa mankhwala, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovuta komwe kumabweretsa zovuta zosafunikira. Ena mwa iwo amatha kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya Glucophage, pomwe ena - m'malo mwake, amachepetsa.

Ndiwotsutsana kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Glucophage ndi x-ray. Zikatero, mwayi wa lactic acidosis ukuwonjezeka. Ngati mukufuna kutenga ndalama zotere, muyenera kusiya kumwa Glucofage musanayambe ndi maola 48 akuchita kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito x-ray.

The mwayi wa acidosis mu matenda a shuga ndizotheka:

poyizoni pachakumwa,
zopanda chakudya chokwanira,
ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa (zosakwana 1000 kcal patsiku),
ndi kuphwanya chiwindi.

Mankhwala monga danazol, antihypertensive mankhwala, salicylates, acarbose, insulin, jekeseni wa sulfonylureas, nifedipine amathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu ya shuga ya hypoglycemic wothandizira.

Kuchepetsa mphamvu yochepetsera glucophage monga mankhwala am'deralo komanso a dongosolo la GCS, chlorpromazine, beta-awiri-adrenergic agonists.

Kuphatikiza "kuzungulira" okodzetsa ndi glucophage, ndikofunikira kukumbukira chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso.

Mankhwala ena angakhudze metformin, mwachitsanzo. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala a cationic - quinidine, digoxin, amiloride, quinine ndi ena.

Glucophage analogues

Mankhwala ambiri a hypoglycemic amathandizira ndi matenda ashuga komanso zizindikiro zake zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwadzidzidzi pazifukwa zina kulandira Glucophage sikutheka, dokotala angasankhe mankhwala ena omwe ali ofanana muzochita zawo zochiritsira.

Mwa iwo, mankhwala okhala ndi zinthu zomwezi amagwira ntchito amasiyanitsidwa - ma syony. Metformin ili ndi zinthu monga Bagomet, Siofor, Gliminfor, Metospanin, Glformin, Metformin Forte ndi ena.

Siofor, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, omwe amaphatikizapo povidone, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide ndi polyethylene glycol, anali wotchuka kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Siofor, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa shuga, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha minofu yolimbana ndi insulin yophatikizika, komanso kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe a glucose. Mwa zina zotsutsana ndi zoyipa zomwe zimachitika, Siofor ali ndi pafupi fanana ndi mankhwala omwe amafunsidwa. Wopanga Siofor ndi Germany, mogwirizana ndi izi ndi cholowa m'malo mwa Glucofage.

Mankhwala Glucophage ndi analogues alipo - othandizira omwe samaphatikiza ndi metformin pakapangidwe kake. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Glurenorm ndi mankhwala antidiabetesic omwe ali ndi glycidone. Pokhala chotumphukira cha sulfonylurea, Glurenorm imatsitsa pang'onopang'ono mphamvu ya shuga ya beta-cell, imalimbikitsa kupanga insulin, imawonjezera chidwi cha minofu yake, imalepheretsa lipolysis m'maselo a mafuta, komanso imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucagon.
Diabetesalong ndi mankhwala otchuka omwe amaphatikiza gliclazide. Chifukwa cha machitidwe a mankhwalawa, pali lamulo la kagayidwe kazakudya, kukondoweza kapangidwe ka timadzi totulutsa shuga, komanso mphamvu ya hemovascular imatheka.
Amaril M ndi mankhwala aku Germany omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Zimatengera zochokera m'badwo wachitatu sulfonylurea. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili glimepiride ku Amaril, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kutsika kwa glucose wa plasma ndikuthandizira kupanga insulin.

Mutaganizira zomwe Glucophage ali nayo, mutha kupeza ndemanga za Glucophage, komanso mitengo ya mankhwalawa.

Mtengo ndi malingaliro ake pamankhwala

Pamankhwala, mankhwalawo amatha kugula kokha ndi mankhwala a dokotala.

Odwala ambiri amalamula mankhwala pa intaneti, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kusunga ndalama zawo. Komanso wopatsidwa mwayi kuwona zithunzi za phukusili ndi mafotokozedwe ake.

Palibe wopanga Russian pamtunduwu; amapangidwa ndi kampani yaku France ya mankhwala Merck Sante. Ndiye Glucophage imawononga ndalama zingati? Mtengo wa wothandizila wodwala matenda ashuga zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi ndi kipimo:

1000 mg (No. 60) - kuchokera 270 mpaka 346 rubles,
850 mg (No. 60) - kuchokera ku ma ruble 150 mpaka 180,
500 mg (No. 60) - kuchokera ku 183 mpaka 230 rubles.

Monga mukuwonera, mtengo wa Glucofage wa mankhwala ndiolandiridwa. Pa intaneti mutha kuona ndemanga zabwino zambiri za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Glucophage. Mwachitsanzo, ndemanga ya Maria (wazaka 56): “Tinaona a Glucophage zaka ziwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kunabweranso mwakale, inde, ndimatsatira zakudya ndikamamwa mankhwalawo. Ndidakwanitsa kutaya mapaundi owonjezera. "

Zokhudza ndemanga ya Glucofage imatha kukhala yosalimbikitsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zina pakusintha kwa thupi ndi metformin. Mwa odwala ena, zotsatira zake zimatchulidwa kuti samamwa mankhwalawa.

Mutha kupezanso ndemanga za madokotala okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa thupi. Malingaliro a akatswiri ambiri pankhaniyi ndiabwino. Amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa pachifukwa ichi.

Glucophage ndi mankhwala othandiza omwe ma endocrinologists ambiri amalangiza kuti athane ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Ngati simunalandirepo mankhwalawa, yesani Glucophage, ndipo ngati mukumwa kale, imwaliraninso. Ubwino wa wothandizila wodwala matenda ashuga ndiwambiri kuchulukirapo kuposa momwe amachitikira.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa shuga wa glucose zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Pharmacokinetics

Zogulitsa. Mutatenga metformin, nthawi yoti mufikire pazambiri (T max) ili pafupifupi maola 2,5. The bioavailability ya mapiritsi a 500 mg kapena 800 mg ndi pafupifupi 50-60% mwa odzipereka athanzi. Pambuyo pakukonzekera pakamwa, chidutswa chomwe sichikumwa ndipo chimalimbidwa ndi ndowe ndi 20-30%.
Pambuyo pakukonzekera pakamwa, kuyamwa kwa metformin kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kosakwanira.
Ma pharmacokinetics a mayamwidwe a metformin amawerengedwa kuti ndi osagwirizana. Mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovomerezeka za metformin ndi regimens, makulidwe amodzi a plasma amakwaniritsidwa mkati mwa maola 24-48 ndipo ndi ochepera 1 μg / ml. M'mayeso azachipatala omwe amawongolera, kuchuluka kwa plasma metformin (C max) sikudaposa 5 μg / ml ngakhale ndi waukulu.
Ndi chakudya chofananacho, mayamwidwe a metformin amachepetsa ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono amayamba kuchepa.
Pambuyo pakulowa kwa mlingo wa 850 mg, kuchepa kwambiri kwa plasma ndende ndi 40%, kuchepa kwa AUC ndi 25%, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphindi 35 panthawi yoti anthu aziwavutikira kwambiri. Kukula kwamankhwala kwakusintha kumeneku sikudziwika.
Kugawa. Kumanga mapuloteni a Plasma ndikosatheka. Metformin imalowa m'magazi ofiira. Kuchuluka kwambiri m'magazi kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a m'magazi, ndipo kumachitika pambuyo pake. Maselo ofiira nthawi zambiri amayimira chipinda chogawirako chachiwiri. Voliyumu yapakati yogawa (Vd) imachokera ku malita 63-276.
Kupenda. Metformin imachotsedwa mu mkodzo osasinthika. Palibe ma metabolites omwe amapezeka mwa anthu.
Pomaliza Kuvomerezeka kwa aimpso kwa metformin ndi> 400 ml / min. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti metformin imachotsedwanso ndi kusefera kwamadzi ndi kubisalira kwa tubular. Pambuyo makonzedwe, kuchotsa theka moyo ndi pafupifupi 6.5 maola. Mu vuto la impso, kutsekeka kwa impso kumatsika molingana ndi kupezeka kwa creatinine chilolezo, motero kuthetsa theka la moyo kumawonjezeka, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa plasma metformin.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mankhwala Glucophage imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga komanso kusachita bwino pakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makamaka kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri:
- monga monotherapy kapena kuphatikiza mankhwalawa molumikizana ndi othandizira ena amkamwa a hypoglycemic kapena molumikizana ndi insulini pochizira akuluakulu.
- monga monotherapy kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin pochizira ana azaka za 10 ndi achinyamata.
Kuchepetsa mavuto a shuga kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso onenepa kwambiri ngati mankhwala Glucophage mzere woyamba ndi kusachita bwino kwa mankhwala othandizira.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Mwachizolowezi, mlingo woyambira ndi 500 mg kapena 850 mg wa metformin hydrochloride katatu patsiku, pamene mlingo wa insulin uyenera kusankhidwa mogwirizana ndi zotsatira za kuyeza shuga m'magazi.
Ana.
Monotherapy kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin.
Glucophage imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana opitirira zaka 10 ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri, muyeso woyamba wa 500 mg kapena 850 mg wa glucophage kamodzi patsiku panthawi ya chakudya kapena pambuyo pake. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, mlingo uyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za milingo ya shuga mu seramu yamagazi.
Kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mlingo kumachepetsa mavuto kuchokera m'mimba.
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi 2000 mg patsiku, womwe umagawidwa pakawiri.
Kwa odwala okalamba, kuchepa kwa ntchito yaimpso ndikotheka, chifukwa chake, mlingo wa metformin uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi kuwunika kwa impso, komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi (onani Gawo "Makhalidwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito").
Odwala aimpso kulephera. Metformin itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe amalephera kupweteka aimpso, gawo Sha (creatinine clearance 45 - 59 ml / min kapena GFR 45 - 59 ml / min / 1.73 m 2) pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zina zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis, kusintha kwa mlingo wotsatira: mlingo woyambirira ndi 500 mg kapena 850 mg wa metformin hydrochloride 1 nthawi patsiku. Mlingo wapamwamba ndi 1000 mg patsiku ndipo uyenera kugawidwa pawiri. Kusanthula mosamala kwa ntchito ya impso (miyezi itatu iliyonse mpaka isanu ndi umodzi) kuyenera kuchitika.
Ngati ntchito ya creatinine chilolezo kapena GFR imatsika mpaka 1/10), nthawi zambiri (> 1/100 ndi 1/1000 ndi 1/10000 ndi 60 ml / mphindi / 1.73 m 2, kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kuyenera kuyimitsidwa isanachitike kapena panthawi ya kafukufuku ndipo sikuyenera kuyambiridwanso kale kuposa maola 48 atatha phunziroli, pokhapokha kuwunikanso ntchito ya impso ndikutsimikizira kusapezekanso kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso (onani gawo "Zogwiritsira ntchito").
Odwala omwe amalephera kupezeka ndi aimpso (GFR 45 - 60 ml / mphindi / 1.73 m 2) ayenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito Metformin maola 48 asanakonzedwe a zinthu zokhala ndi ayodini ndipo sayenera kuyambiranso kumayambiriro maola 48 mutatha phunzirolo, pokhapokha mutayambiranso ntchito ya aimpso. ndi chitsimikizo cha kusowa kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso.
Kuphatikiza kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Mankhwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemic (GCS of systemic and local action, sympathomimetics). Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pafupipafupi, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo. Pakati komanso atamaliza chithandizo chotere, ndikofunikira kusintha mlingo wa Glucofage.
Ma diuretics, makamaka malupu okodzetsa, amatha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis chifukwa kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso.

Bongo

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Glucophage pa mlingo wa 85 g, kukula kwa hypoglycemia sikunachitike. Komabe, pankhaniyi, kukula kwa lactic acidosis kunawonedwa. Mlingo wambiri wa metformin kapena zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse chiwopsezo cha lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis ndiwadzidzidzi ndipo amayenera kuthandizidwa kuchipatala. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochotsa lactate ndi metformin kuchokera mthupi ndi hemodialysis.

Kutulutsa Fomu

500 mg mapiritsi okhala ndi mafilimu. Mapiritsi 15 mu chithuza, matuza awiri kapena anayi mu bokosi lamatoni. Mapiritsi 20 mu chithuza, matuza atatu m'bokosi lamatoni.
Mapiritsi a 850 mg okhala ndi mafilimu. Mapiritsi 15 mu chithuza, 2 kapena matuza anayi mu bokosi lamatoni. Mapiritsi 20 mu chithuza, matuza atatu m'bokosi lamatoni.
Mapiritsi okwana 1000 mg okhala ndi mafilimu. Mapiritsi 15 mu chithuza, 2 kapena matuza anayi mu bokosi lamatoni.

Piritsi limodzi lokhazikika 500 mg lili ndi 500 mg metformin hydrochloride, yomwe imagwirizana ndi 390 mg metformin,
Piritsi limodzi lakutalika kwa 850 mg lili ndi 850 mg ya metformin hydrochloride, yomwe ikufanana ndi 662.90 mg ya metformin,
Piritsi limodzi lomwe laphimbidwa ndi 1000 mg lili ndi 1000 mg ya metformin hydrochloride, yomwe imafanana ndi 780 mg ya metformin,
Othandizira: povidone K 30, magnesium stearate.
Zovala zamtundu wa mapiritsi a 500 mg, 850 mg a hypromellose,
Filimu yophimba mapiritsi a 1000 mg opadra KLIA (hypromellose, macrogol 400, macrogol 8000).