Mwazi wamagazi pa nthawi yapakati

Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, thupi la mayiyo limakhala ndi nkhawa komanso amasintha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwake kungakhudze mkhalidwe wa mayi ndi kukula kwa mwana wamtsogolo. Kuti muziwongolera moyenera, ndikofunikira kukumbukira miyezo ya shuga ya magazi mukatha kudya.

Kodi shuga yovomerezeka kwa amayi apakati ndi iti?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amayi apakati kumatha kusiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Kudumpha kwake kumatha kuwonekanso mutatha kudya. Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti zizindikirazo ziyenera kupezeka munthawi zotsatirazi:

1. Ngati kusanthula kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti chizolowezerachi ndiye kuchoka pa 3,9 mpaka 5.1 mmol.
2. Nthawi asanadye: 4 - 6.1 mmol.
3. Ola limodzi mutatha kudya, chizolowezi chimakhala chizindikiro cha 7.0 mmol.
4. Ngati maola awiri wadutsa chakudya, ndiye kuti shuga sayenera kupitirira 6.7 mmol.
5. Kuyeza kuyenera kuchitika ola limodzi asanagone. Pakadali pano, shuga ayenera kukhala m'mitundu 6.0 mpaka 7.1 mmol.
6. Ngati mutadzuka usiku, mutha kuyang'anira. Nthawi imeneyi, nthawi zonse ndi 4 - 5.1 mmol.

Kuti muwone bwino za thanzi la azimayi, ndikofunikira kuchita ziwiri tsiku lililonse: pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso ola limodzi mutatha kudya. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthendayi imabadwa nthawi zambiri ndipo imatha kuchitika ndendende panthawi yomwe mwana akuyembekezera. Matenda a shuga amatha kuchitapo kanthu pakusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zakuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mayi woyembekezera

Pakati pa nthawi yayitali, momwe mahomoni a azimayi amasinthira. Nthawi zina thupi limatha kuyankha izi pokweza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira bwino moyo wanu. Pakati pazisonyezo zowopsa, zotsatirazi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

1. Maonekedwe a mavuto pokodza.
2. Pali kulakalaka kosalekeza.
3. Ludzu lalikulu lomwe silimatha ngakhale kumwa.
4. Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi.

Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikapezeka, ndikofunikira kufunsa katswiri ndikupereka mayeso oyenera. Ngati shuga wokwezeka wapezeka, ndiye kuti chithandizo ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse zikufunika.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amalimbikitsa kupereka magazi kuti athandize shuga, ngakhale popanda chifukwa. Izi zimachitika pakati pa 24 ndi 28 milungu ya bere. Ngati kupatuka kwazizindikiro sikofunika, ndiye musadandaule.

Momwe mungayesere shuga kunyumba?

Kuti muthane ndi shuga azimayi kunyumba, mudzafunika chida chapadera - glucometer. Zimakupatsani kupenda mwachangu kwambiri komanso mosavuta. M'mafakitore amakono, zida zambiri zamtunduwu zimaperekedwa. Muyenera kusankha mtundu womwe zingwe zamayeso zimapezeka nthawi zonse. Mitundu yatsopano imakhala ndi ntchito yokumbukira. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kutsata kupatuka kwamagulu a shuga kuchokera kwabwinobwino pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo mkati mwa ola limodzi mutatha kudya kwa masiku angapo. Izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa mayi woyembekezera.

Chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe, chinthu chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Pazotsatira zolondola, tsatirani malangizo awa:

1. Choyamba, muyenera kusamba bwino ndi kupukuta manja anu. Ndikosatheka kubooletsa khungu lonyowa.
2. Konzani chida chogwira ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, ikani singano m'manja. Khazikitsani kuzama kwa konkire kutengera ndi khungu lanu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ocheperako mwakuya kolowera, momwemonso kupweteka kumayendetsedwa.
3. Yatsani mita ndikuyembekezera pang'ono. Ikani gawo loyesa mu ilo.
4. Asanaperekedwe, chala chake chimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi antiseptic kuti apewe matenda pachilonda. Ikani cholembera pachala chanu ndikudina batani.
5. Finyani dontho laling'ono la magazi ndikuwayika pachifuwa. Zambiri zimawonekera pazenera la chipangizocho, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu.

Ngati kwa nthawi yoyamba chipangizocho chikupereka cholakwika, ndiye kuti muyezowo uyenera kubwerezedwa. Sankhani malo oyenera kupumira. Zabwino kwambiri ngati chala chala. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito malowo pamimba kapena pamphumi.

Ngati munagula glucometer yatsopano, ndibwino kutsimikizira umboni wake pakupita mayeso mu labotale. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kudziwa molondola cholakwika cha chipangacho ndikuchiganizira pazoyeserera.

Chiwerengero chokwanira cha akazi masana chikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa limodzi ndi dokotala wozindikira malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Koma ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga kale, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuyeza katatu patsiku. Kusanthula koyamba kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, yachiwiri ola limodzi mutatha kudya, ndipo chachitatu ola limodzi musanadye.

Ngati kupatuka kwakukulu pazikhalidwe kumawonedwa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukwezedwa mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Komanso, iyenera kuyesedwa ngakhale usiku. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yopangira njira yabwino yochizira.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga ndiwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino?

Ngati amayi apakati azindikiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyambiranso kudya. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito malingaliro otsatirawa:

1. Musachotse menyu zakudya zonse zomanga thupi.
2. Ndikofunika kusiyiratu kudziulula.
3. Iwalani zakudya zonona ndi mafuta.
4. Mkaka wonse, tchizi chamafuta, kirimu wowawasa ndi tchizi amathanso kuvulaza.
5. Chotsani misuzi yazipatso ndi zipatso muzakudya zanu zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri, monga mphesa.
6. Mutha kudya mkate, koma muyenera kukonda zokonda ndi chinangwa kapena rye wholemeal.
7. Ndi bwino kukana nyama yamafuta. M'malo mwake ndi nkhuku yodyera, yamkango kapena kalulu.
8. Idyani zamasamba ambiri momwe zingathere. Zomera za nyemba zimapindulitsanso.
9. Ngati mukufunikira kuti muchepetse shuga, ndiye kuti mudye zambiri za parsley, radish, kabichi, kaloti, phwetekere, sipinachi, oats ndi barele.
10. Musaiwale za zipatsozo. Kwa amayi oyembekezera, lingonberry, quinces ndi gooseberries ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimakhudzanso shuga ya azimayi. Ngati palibe zotsutsana mwachindunji, yesetsani kuyenda kwambiri ndi mpweya wabwino ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera a amayi oyembekezera.

Kusamba kozizira kapena shawa yosiyanayo. Njira zoterezi zitha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi.

Kumbukirani kuti panthawi yoyembekezera mumakhala ndi udindo osati nokha, komanso mwana. Chifukwa chake, khalani ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lanu, ndipo onani pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi opanda kanthu komanso ola limodzi mutatha kudya.

Nambala zovomerezeka

Mchitidwe wamagulu amkati wamagazi panthawi yokhala ndi pakati sukukwanira pang'ono m'miyezo yomwe ambiri amavomereza. Mfundo zolimbikitsidwa (mmol / l):

• chakudya chisanalowe mthupi - osati kupitirira 4.9,
• Mphindi 60 mutadya - osati kupitirira 6.9,
• Mphindi 120 mutatha kudya - osapitirira 6.2.

Shuga wabwinobwino popanga matenda a shuga (mmol / l):

• pamimba yopanda kanthu - yopanda kuposa 5.3,
• Mphindi 60 mutadya - osati kupitirira 7.7,
• Mphindi 120 mutatha kudya - osapitirira 6.7.

Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated (pafupifupi shuga kwa kotala lomaliza) sayenera kupitirira 6.5%.

Mlingo wa glycemia umatha kusiyanasiyana mbali zonse ziwiri. Ndi mitengo yochepetsedwa, amalankhula za hypoglycemia. Izi ndizowopsa osati kwa amayi okha, komanso kwa mwana yemwe samalandira kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mphamvu.

Kuchuluka kumawonetsa hyperglycemia. Ikhoza kukhala yokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, omwe adayamba mwana asanakhale ndi pakati, kapena matenda a shuga. Fomu yachiwiri ndiyofanana kwa amayi oyembekezera. Monga lamulo, mwana akabadwa, zizindikiro za glucose zimabwereranso pamikhalidwe yovomerezeka.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga amayamba?

Glycemia imawonjezeka panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya thupi yopanga kuchuluka kwa insulini (pancreatic hormone). Izi zothandiza m'thupi ndikofunikira pakugawa shuga moyenera, kulowa kwake m'maselo ndi minofu. Popanda insulin yokwanira, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kumakulanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, hyperglycemia imayambitsidwa ndi mahomoni amodzi omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha kutenga pakati. Wotsutsa wamkulu wa insulini amaonedwa kuti ndi placental somatomammotropin. Hormone iyi ndi yofanana ndi kukula kwa mahomoni, imatenga nawo gawo pazochita za amayi, ndipo imalimbikitsa kapangidwe kazinthu zomanga thupi. Somatomammotropin amathandiza mwana kupeza shuga wokwanira.

Zowopsa

Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa glycemia umadzuka motsutsana ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• matenda ashuga pakatha nthawi yoyamba kubereka,
• mbiri yakusochera
• kubadwa kwa ana okhala ndi macrosomia (wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 4),
• matenda a thupi
• chibadwa
• kukhalapo kwa preeclampsia (mawonekedwe a mapuloteni mumkodzo) m'mbuyomu,
• polyhydramnios
• Zaka za mkaziyo ndizoposa zaka 30.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga ndi wabwinobwino?

Mulingo wothira magazi uyenera kusamalidwa nthawi yonse ya bere, chifukwa n`kofunika kuteteza chiwopsezo cha kuchotsa pakamodzi, kuchepetsa mwayi wobereka musanabadwe, komanso kupewa kupezeka kwa zolakwika zobadwa nako mwa mwana.

Kuongolera glucose kumathandizira kutalika kwa mwana ndi kulemera pamilingo yovomerezeka, kupewa ma macrosomia, komanso kuteteza mayi ku zovuta zingapo mu theka lachiwiri la kutenga pakati.

Ngati mayi ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia, mwana amatha kubadwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin ya mthupi m'thupi. Izi zimachitika mu mawonekedwe a compensory reaction kuchokera kwa ana kapamba. Mukukula, chizolowezi cha zochitika za hypoglycemic ndizotheka.

Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zokhudzana ndi momwe shuga amakhalira mwa ana kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Matenda amtundu wa shuga komanso mawonekedwe ake

Poyamba, matendawa amakhala asymptomatic, ndipo mkazi amawona kusintha kwakung'ono ngati njira zolimbitsa thupi, kuzilumikiza ndi "kusangalatsa" kwake.

Pathology imayamba pambuyo pa sabata la 20 la mimba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwambiri kwa hypothalamic-pituitary system komanso kupanga mahomoni a adrenal. Amadziwikanso kuti amatsutsana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'thupi chifukwa cha kapamba.

Ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino chachipatala, odwala amadandaula pazowonetsera izi:

• kufuna kumwa nthawi zonse,
• kulakalaka
• pathological mu kuchuluka kwamikodzo womira,
• Khungu
• kunenepa kwambiri
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe,
• kutopa kwakukulu.

Zotsatira za hyperglycemia pa mwana

Matenda a shuga osokoneza bongo samayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa fetus, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, popeza mapangidwe a ziwalo ndi machitidwe amapezeka mu trimester yoyamba, komanso kupezeka kwa mitundu yamatenda a pathology kuyambira 20 mpaka sabata la 24.

Kulephera kusintha kwa glucose kungayambitse matenda a shuga. Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwa kapamba, impso ndi mtsempha wamagazi mumwana. Mwana wotere amabadwa ndi thupi lalikulu (mpaka makilogalamu 6), khungu lake limakhala ndi burgundy hue, ndipo zotupa zazing'onoting'ono zimawonekera.

Khungu limakomedwa ndi mafuta oyera, amatupa. Mukawunika, kukula kwakukulu pamimba, miyendo yayifupi ndikuwoneka bwino. Mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kupuma chifukwa chosowa pogwira (chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti alveoli m'mapapu asagwisane).

Mavuto oterewa amatha kupewedwa mwa kukonza ma glycemic omwe ali mthupi la mayi ndi chithandizo cha zakudya komanso mankhwala (nthawi zambiri insulin).

Njira Zowongolera Mimba

Kuwerengera kwa magazi a capillary, biochemistry, komanso kuyeserera kwa glucose kumatengedwa ngati maphunziro apamwamba.

Magazi amachotsedwa chala malinga ndi malamulo ovomerezeka. Mkazi amapereka m'mawa asanalowe m'thupi. Simungathe kutsuka mano anu ndi phala, chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi shuga mkati mwake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chingamu. Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi amayi apakati kukuwonetsedwa pamwambapa.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika pokhapokha ngati magwiridwe am'mbuyomu apitilira malire ovomerezeka. Komabe, posachedwa adaganiza zopereka njira yodziwitsa za amayi onse apakati atakwanitsa masabata a 24 - 25.

Kuyesaku sikutanthauza kukonzekera mwapadera. Kwa maola 48 musanatenge zinthuzo, mzimayi azikhala mwachilengedwe, palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu muzakudya. M'mawa muyenera kukana chakudya cham'mawa, tiyi, mutha kumwa madzi okha.

Mu labotale, magazi kapena mitsempha amatengedwa. Kenako, mayi wapakati amamwa njira yapadera yotsekemera yokhala ndi shuga. Pambuyo pa maola 2, kuphatikiza kowonjezera magazi kumachitika, ndipo chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yoyamba. Panthawi yoyembekezera, wofufuzayo sayenera kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi. Kufotokozera zotsatira za tebulo.

Kafukufuku wina wofunikira ndi urinalysis kuti adziwe glucosuria. Mkodzo woyamba m'mawa sufuna kusonkhanitsidwa, umathiridwa. Njira zotsatirazi pokodza ziyenera kutsagana ndi kusanthula kojambulidwa muchidebe chimodzi chachikulu, chomwe chimasungidwa pamalo abwino. M'mawa mwake, gwedezani chidebe ndikutsanulira mkodzo pafupifupi 200 ml pachidebe china. Pititsani ku labotale kwa maola awiri.

Zotsatira zabodza

Pali zochitika zazotsatira zabodza mkazi akamadwala, koma pazifukwa zina, zizindikiro zake za glycemia ndizopitilira malire ovomerezeka, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu zotsatira za kusanthula. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha izi:

• Zovuta zina - azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo amayenera kuchita izi,
• matenda aposachedwa opatsirana
• Kuphwanya malamulo oyeserera - mayi woyembekezera akhoza kudya kena kake kapena kumwa tiyi musanatenge zinthuzo, akukhulupirira kuti "sizivuta pang'ono."

Kukonza shuga

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa, kuchuluka kwa kulemera komwe kumaloledwa kupeza, momwe mungayendetsere kudziimira nokha glycemia - ndi mafunso otere, mayi woyembekezera amatha kulumikizana ndi abetetrician-gynecologist kapena endocrinologist.

Malangizo ambiri amatsata mfundo izi:

• Idyani pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono,
• kukana yokazinga, mchere, kusuta,
• chakudya chofunda, mphodza, kuphika,
• phatikizani ndi nyama yokwanira, nsomba, masamba ndi zipatso, chimanga (malinga ndi lingaliro la dokotala),
• monga anafunira - mankhwala a insulin,
• kuchitira zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira, kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin.

Kuwunikira nthawi zonse glycemia ndikutsatira upangiri waukadaulo kumathandizira kuti shuga asakhale mu malire ovomerezeka ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta kuchokera kwa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

BIRTH ndi GDM:

Nthawi ndi njira yobereka mwana imakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha kwa mayi aliyense woyembekezera .. Osapitirira masabata 38 atakhala ndi pakati, dokotala wochita zakubadwa amachita mayeso omaliza a mayi ndi mwana ndikufotokozera zomwe zidzachitike pakubadwa kwa mwana ndi wodwalayo. Kutalika kwa mimba kwa milungu yopitilira 40 ndi GDM ndi kowopsa, placenta ali ndi malo ochepa osungika ndipo sangathe kupirira kupirira pakubala, chifukwa chake kubadwa koyambirira ndikofunikira. Matenda a shuga a m'matumbo okha si chidziwitso cha gawo la caesarean.

GDM pambuyo pobadwa:

• Zakudya kwa miyezi 1.5 pambuyo pobereka,
• mankhwala a insulini achotsedwa (ngati alipo),
• magazi shuga masiku atatu oyamba (shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi pambuyo pobereka: pamimba yopanda 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l, maola 2 mutadya mpaka 7.8 mmol / l),
• Patatha masabata 6 mpaka kubadwa - kufunsa kwa endocrinologist kuti mumve bwino za matenda a carbohydrate,
• azimayi omwe adatenga GDM akuphatikizidwa m'gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotukula GDM m'mimba yotsatila komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 mtsogolo, chifukwa chake mzimayi yemwe wadwala GDM ayenera:
• - kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri ndi thupi,
• - wonjezerani zolimbitsa thupi,
• - konzekerani kukhala ndi pakati,
• ana kuchokera kwa amayi omwe ali ndi GDM m'miyoyo yawo yonse ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, motero amalimbikitsidwa kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira, malinga ndi endocrinologist.

Ngati GDM yapezeka, odwala ayenera kusiyiratu kugwiritsa ntchito:

• Zakudya zonse zotsekemera (izi zimakhudzanso onse shuga ndi uchi, ayisikilimu, zakumwa za shuga, ndi zina zotere),
• buledi woyera, makeke ndi zinthu zilizonse za ufa (kuphatikiza pasitala),
• semolina
• mankhwala omalizidwa
• ankasuta nyama
• zakudya zachangu
• chakudya chofulumira
• zipatso zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri
• zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, timadziti m'matumba,
• nyama yamafuta, michere, mafuta,
• Zakudya zamzitini, mosasamala mtundu wake,
• mowa
• cocoa
• phala, buledi
• nyemba zonse
• yogathi yabwino.

Muyeneranso kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito:

• mbatata
• batala
• mazira a nkhuku
• kuphika kuchokera ku mtanda wa oatmeal.
• Zogulitsa kuchokera pamndandanda woletsedwa ziyenera kupatula kwathunthu kuzakudya. Ngakhale kumwa pang'ono chabe kumatha kubweretsa mavuto. Kuchuluka kwa mbatata, batala, mazira ndi makeke kuchokera ku makeke amaloledwa

Kodi amayi apakati angadye chiyani ndi matenda ashuga?Zomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kusintha:

• tchizi zolimba
• wowawasa mkaka wowonda,
• yogurts zachilengedwe
• mafuta amchere
• nsomba zam'nyanja
• masamba obiriwira (kaloti, dzungu, beets, mosiyana ndi nkhaka, anyezi ndi kabichi, ndikofunikira kudya zochulukirapo),
• bowa
• soya ndi zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo (zochepa),
• msuzi wa phwetekere
• ndi tiyi.

Pali zakudya zingapo zomwe zingatsatidwe ndi matenda a shuga, koma zakudya zamafuta ochepa sizikumveka.

Izi ndichifukwa choti pakudya mafuta osakwanira kuchokera ku chakudya, thupi limayamba kuwotcha mafuta osunga mphamvu.

Zotsatirazi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya:

• buledi wathunthu
• masamba aliwonse
• nyemba
• bowa
• chimanga - makamaka mapira, barele, mafuta,
• kudya nyama
• nsomba
• mazira a nkhuku - ma PC 2-3. / sabata.,
• zopangidwa mkaka
• zipatso zouma ndi zipatso,
• mafuta a masamba.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapatsa odwala awo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri komanso chakudya chamagulu. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kumafuta osakwaniritsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito omwe, komabe, ayeneranso kukhala ochepa. Mafuta okhathamiritsa samachotsedwera pachakudya.

Chiyeso chobisika cha matenda ashuga nthawi yapakati

Matenda abwinobwino amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, matenda osokoneza bongo amapezeka pakati pa milungu 24 ndi 28 ya bere. Ngati vuto la hyperglycemia (owonjezera shuga) likhakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti mayeso obwereza amalembedwa nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso pakatha miyezi 2-3 mwana akangobadwa. Njira yofananira ndiyofunikira pakuwunika ndi kutsata nthawi iliyonse ya kusintha kulikonse. Popeza kuchuluka kwa glucose panthawi yapakati kumawopseza mayi ndi mwana.

Chofunikira: mawonetseredwe a matenda a shuga a gestational akuwonetsa mwayi wowonekera wa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mtsogolo, ngakhale matendawa atasowa pawokha atabereka.

Pali nthawi zina pomwe kubala mwana kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuyambitsa matenda a shuga ndikuwonekera kwake mtsogolo.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakula pomwe minofu yake singadziwenso zovuta za insulin, ngakhale kuti magazi amakhala abwinobwino. Kwa chithandizo chamankhwala oyambira, zakudya zoyenera, kusintha moyo wanu, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizokwanira. Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo chimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Mwazotheka shuga wamagazi mwa amayi apakati malinga ndi miyezo yatsopano

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a shuga. Kusiyanitsa:

• kuyesedwa kwa hexokinase - njira imodzi yopanga biomaterial (kuchokera pamsempha kapena chala) pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi njira ya enzymatic UV,
• kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga - muyeso umachitika ndi wodwalayo payekha kwa maola 24 pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Zizindikiro zamamita zalembedwa ndi nthawi yoyezera. Kukula kwa miyeso kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga, kuopsa kwake komanso zolinga za matenda ake.
• kuyesedwa pakamwa kwa maola atatu - gawo loyezera shuga la wodwala limapatsidwa njira yothetsera shuga (mlingo wa glucose womwe umasungunuka m'madzi umatengera kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo), ndiye kuti zomwe zimapezeka zimafotokozedwa pafupipafupi kwa ola limodzi.

Chikhalidwe cha shuga m'magazi amayi apakati pamitundu yonse yosanthula chimafotokozedwa.

Masamba Abwino Okhala ndi Mimba

Mayeso amodzi a hexokinase

Magazi magaziMagazi a capillary Pamimba yopanda kanthu4.0 - 5.5 mmol / L3.5 - 5.0 mmol / L Pamimba yopanda kanthu4,2 - 5.5 mmol / L4 - 5 mmol / l

Kuyesedwa pamlomo kwa maola atatu (magazi amkati okha ndi omwe amawunika)

Pamimba yopanda kanthuOsapitirira 5.1 mmol / l Pambuyo 1 oraOsapitirira 10 mmol / l Pambuyo 2 maolaOsapitirira 8.5 mmol / l

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamayeso aliwonse ocheperako omwe amayesedwa osaposa 0,5 mmol / l amaloledwa. Izi ndichifukwa cholakwika cha zida ndi kusinthika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa gawo lantchito.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a mbiri ya glycemic mukatha kudya sayenera kupitirira 8.25 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, chiwonetsero cha matenda amiseche ndi kuopseza kwa hyperglycemia kwa mwana wosabadwa akhoza kuthana nawo.

Kodi ndi matenda ati a shuga omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi shuga?

Kuzindikirika kwa matenda a shuga gestational panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kumapangidwira wodwala ngati magawidwe akusanthula mosapitilira 10 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, mkazi amawonetsa zizindikiro za matendawa.

Paraimirayo ili pamlingo wapamwamba, mkazi amapatsidwa mayeso obwereza mpaka abwerere mwakale. Poterepa, adotolo apereka lingaliro pa kusintha kwa zakudya ndikuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycated kwa odwala matendawa siwofunika. Popeza chizindikirocho chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo wambiri miyezi iwiri yapitayo. Kusanthula kumeneku kungathe kuchitidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a nthawi yayitali mellitus (osakhala gestational).

Kusiyana kwa magazi a m'mitsempha ndi chala, ndi kusanthula kotani kumene?

Zambiri zolondola zitha kupezeka poyesa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Zili choncho chifukwa kapangidwe ka magazi a capillary ndikosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zamakono zotengera biomaterial kuchokera kumitsempha zimasonyeza kusalala, mosiyana ndi kutolera kwa chala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopumira ndi ma singano a gulugufe kumalepheretsa kulumikizana kwachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Izi zimachotsa chiwopsezo cha matenda, komanso kucheza mwangozi ndi antchito ogwira ntchito.

Kutenga magazi kuchokera ku chala, microtubes imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pansi pomwe pali anticoagulant. Njira yosonkhanitsira ikuphatikiza kuyenderera kwa magazi kwakanthawi m'magazi. Komabe, pochita izi, ndizosatheka kupeza biomaterial popanda kufinya chala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chubu choyesa kumalo opumira.

Magazi ochokera pachala amatengedwa ngati pakufunika kutero, azindikire mwachangu ngati akuwonetsa zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa mayi woyembekezera.

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi ya pakati kwa mwana

Matenda a hyperglycemia ndi owopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana, chifukwa angayambitse:

• kuchuluka kwa fetal kulemera mpaka 4.5-6 kg, zomwe zimatsogolera pakufunika kwa gawo la cesarean. Mtsogolomo, mwana amakonda kunenepa kwambiri komanso kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga,
• abnormalities mu chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo: matenda a mantha a mtima ndi mtima, nthenda ya ziwalo zamkati,
• kukakamiza kuchuluka kwa amniotic madzimadzi, omwe pambuyo pake angayambitse kubereka,
• kuvutika ntchito pakusinthana kwaulere,
• osakhala ndi mwana,
• kuvulala kwa mwana komanso ngalande yakubala kwa amayi panthawi yobala mwana (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mwana wosabadwayo),
• chifuwa cha mwana wakhanda,
• kukulira kwa kupuma kwamatenda obadwa kumene mu mwana wakhanda,
• ngozi yam'mimba mwa mwana wakhanda,
• kukula kwa gestosis kwambiri mwa mayi,
• kwambiri hyperglycemia ndi hyperinsulinism mwa akhanda,
• kukula kwa polycythemia wakhanda,
• mawonetseredwe a matenda oopsa a shuga, nthawi zambiri - mitundu iwiri, etc.

Mlingo wa chiwopsezo cha kuwonekera kwa zovuta mu mwana kapena zovuta zakutsogolo zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi msinkhu wa hyperglycemia mwa mayi woyembekezera.

Panthawi ya shuga, kuchuluka kwa vuto lochoka pathupi kapena mavuto obwera pambuyo pake amakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musangowunikira phindu la chisonyezo, komanso kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala pakuwongolera zakudya kapena zakudya zamasiku onse. Nthawi zina, kuthandizidwa kuchipatala kumayenera kuwunika nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa chiyani kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro?

Amayi atatenga pakati, mkazi amaletsa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba popanga insulin. Horm imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya mapuloteni omwe amayendetsa glucose m'maselo. Kuchepa kwa insulin motengera kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Mothandizana ndi njirayi, kupanga mahomoni amodzi omwe amapezeka. Somatomammotropin ndiye mdani wamkulu wa insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuthekera kwa somatomammotropin kufooketsa mphamvu ya insulin pazinthu. Ndikofunikira kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kwa mayi wapakati ndi kutsekemera kwa glucose kudya kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Momwe mungachepetse shuga m'magazi panthawi yapakati?

Choyamba, mkazi ayenera kusintha zakudya ndi zakudya. Chakudya chimagawananso chimodzimodzi tsiku lonse m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Izi sizipangitsa kuti shuga asinthe kwambiri.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta siziphatikizidwa kwathunthu: shuga, maswiti, katundu wophika, chakudya mwachangu ndi zakumwa zochokera mu kaboni. Zikhala zabwino kwambiri kugwirizanitsa menyu wanu ndi katswiri wazakudya yemwe angasankhe molondola magawo oyenera ndi osiyanitsira mbale.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi panthawi yapakati. Ndikofunika kupewa kudziwononga kwakuthupi, makamaka koyamba, pamene ziwalo zamkati za mwana zimapangidwa.

Mapulogalamu apadera a yoga, olimbitsa thupi, othamanga ndi ma Pilates a amayi oyembekezera apangidwa. Makalasi amayang'aniridwa ndi wophunzitsa. Mu trimester yachitatu, kusambira kumakonda. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse minofu yanu yakumbuyo, muchepetse katundu pamsana ndikuphunzitsani magulu osiyanasiyana a minofu.

Kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku mlengalenga kumakhala kothandiza osati thanzi lathunthu, komanso kuthandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwa amayi apakati. Kusungabe moyo wokangalika kumalola azimayi kuti athe kuwotcha mafuta owonjezera ndikuthamanga njira za metabolic. Zomwe zili zabwino kwa thanzi la mwana ndi mayi woyembekezera.

Kodi jakisoni ndi mankhwala a insulin amafunikira liti?

Magulu ambiri a shuga, omwe samayendetsedwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala komanso zolimbitsa thupi, amafunikira kusankha mankhwala oyenera. Funso la kufunika kopereka jakisoni wa insulin ndi mlingo wake amasankhidwa ndi adokotala okha. Wina sayenera kuwopa njirayi kwakanthawi ndikudziyimira payokha pakusankha.

Chofunikira: jakisoni wa insulini siwowonjezera, chifukwa chake kuchoka siziyambitsa zovuta.

Miyeso yokhazikika ya glucose imapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuchuluka kwa njira zosankhidwa ndi Mlingo. Potere, mkazi nthawi zambiri amadziyimira pawokha kunyumba, akulembera zizindikiro mu diary yapadera. Paulendo wopita kuchipatala akuyenera kuwonetsa dokotalayo kwa dokotala.

Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito matenda a hyperglycemia panthawi yoyenera ndi yochepetsetsa kwambiri imachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mwana wosabadwayo komanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Mwachidule, ziyenera kutsindika:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amayi apakati pamimba yopanda kanthu sayenera kupitilira 5.5 mmol / l,
• hyperglycemia imafuna kukonza mwachangu,
• shuga wambiri amalimbikitsa ngozi yakukula kwachilendo kwa mwana wosabadwa komanso kuchotsa mimbayo,
• Matenda azisangalalo azitha kuchitika mosaganizira kuti mayiyo anali ndi matenda ashuga asanabadwe kapena ayi,
• Mankhwala othandizira kudya komanso kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala bwino komanso kuti azitha kuchepetsa matenda ashuga a 2.

Julia Martynovich (Peshkova)

Omaliza maphunziro, mu 2014 adachita maphunziro apamwamba ku Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education ku Orenburg State University ndi digiri ya Microbiology. Omaliza maphunziro a digiri yoyamba FSBEI HE Orenburg State Agrarian University.

Mu 2015 Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences apitilanso maphunziro apansi pa pulogalamu yowonjezera yaukadaulo "Bacteriology".

Laureate mpikisano wa All-Russian pantchito yabwino yasayansi mukutchedwa "Biological Sayansi" wa 2017.

Shuga wamagazi ambiri

Chimodzi mwazinthu zamitundu mitundu m'magazi a anthu ndi glucose, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu ya metabolism. Mlingo wake umayendetsedwa ndi insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba ndi maselo ake otchedwa beta. Mulingo wamba wa ana:

• asanafike zaka 1 mwezi: 2.8 - 4.4 mamililita / lita,
• kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka zaka 14: 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l.

• mwa amuna ndi amayi osakhala oyembekezera, glucose othamanga: 3,4 - 5.5 mmol / lita - m'magazi a capillary (otengedwa kuchokera ku chala) komanso kuchokera 4 mpaka 6 mmol / lita - mu venous,
• mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 ndi kupitirira: 4.1 - 6.7 mmol / l.

Chizindikiro masana chimatha kusintha, koma kukumbukira chakudya, kugona, kutengeka, kuthupi, kupsinjika. Komabe, malire ake apamwamba sayenera kupitirira 11.1 mamililita / lita.

Miyezo yofananira yakhanda

M'magazi a amayi apakati, malire a glucose amatha "kumwazika" - gawo lotsika limakwera mpaka 3,8 mmol / L, cholowa chapamwamba chimatsikira mpaka 5 mmol / L. Mlingo wa shuga uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala nthawi yonse ya kubereka. Kusanthula kumaperekedwa mukayamba kulumikizana ndi chipatala chakutsogolo. Ndikofunika kuchita kusanthula pakadutsa masabata 8 mpaka 12. Ngati zizindikirozo zikugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za amayi apakati, kafukufuku wotsatira akukonzekera masabata 24 - 28. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumaperekedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha. Magazi a Venous amakulolani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu plasma. Mwanjira iyi, zizindikiro zabwinobwino zidzakhala zapamwamba kuposa ndi mpanda wabwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 6.1 millimol / l.

Mu nyengo yachitatu ya mimba, kapamba amatulutsa insulin yambiri, yomwe thupi la mzimayi liyenera kuthana nayo. Izi ngati sizichitika, chitukuko cha matenda ashuga mellitus (DM) mwa amayi apakati, omwe amatchedwa kuti gestational matenda a shuga, ndizotheka kwambiri. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa kumatha kukhala kozungulira, asymptomatic komanso ndi shuga wachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa milungu 28, azimayi oyembekezera amayesedwa shuga (mayeso olimbitsa thupi).

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana (glucose kulolerana mayeso, GTT) kumathandiza kuzindikira kapena kupatula kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Amakhala ndi magazi choyamba pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye - atatha kuyamwa kwa glucose (katundu). Kwa amayi apakati, kuyesedwa patatu kumachitika. Pambuyo poyesa pamimba yopanda kanthu, mkazi amapatsidwa 100 magalamu a shuga osungunuka m'madzi owiritsa. Mayeso obwereza amatengedwa, maola awiri ndi atatu itatha yoyamba. Zotsatira zake zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino:

• pambuyo pa ola limodzi - 10,5 mmol / l kapena m'munsi,
• pambuyo 2 maola - 9.2 ndi pansi,
• pambuyo 3 maola - 8 ndi pansipa.

Kuchulukitsa izi kungawonetse kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus, omwe amafunikira kuwonedwanso ndi chithandizo cha endocrinologist. Magazi onse a glucose panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati akuwonetsedwa pagome:

Kutha kwa magwiridwe antchito

Zizindikiro za shuga zomwe zili pansipa mwa amayi apakati zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chakudya chopanda malire komanso chokwanira, kuchuluka kwa maswiti, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, komanso kukhalanso ndi matenda ena aliwonse. Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi ndikosayenera (hypoglycemia) monga kuchuluka (hyperglycemia).

Ndi kutsika kwakuthwa kwa shuga, kumva kupepuka, kunjenjemera m'thupi, chizungulire, kutuluka thukuta, malingaliro a mantha ndi khalidwe. Hypoglycemia imakhala yoopsa pakomoka pomwe imatha kuwopseza moyo wa mayi komanso mwana wosabadwa yemwe amayamba kufa ndi njala. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa hypoglycemia, kukonza chakudya moyenera komanso zokhazo zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati pali matenda amisomali, muyenera kuwadziwitsa abambo anu za matenda amenewa.

Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito

Mimba palokha ndiyo chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa kupanga kwa insulin. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwamagazi a shuga:

• kumamva ludzu komansouma pakamwa.
• njala yosalekeza
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• kuwoneka kwa kufooka wamba ndi kutopa,
• Kulemera msanga ndi zakudya zokwanira,
• kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa
• kupuma movutikira ndi kutsuka pafupipafupi
• kudumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupitilira m'mwamba,
• shuga mumkodzo mobwereza bwereza (kawirikawiri sayenera kukhalapo).

Mukamabwereza machitidwe a hyperglycemic, chakudya chokhala ndi zopepuka zamafuta ochepa nchofunikira. Kumwa shuga ndi confectionery, mikate yoyera, zipatso zotsekemera, zipatso ndi timadziti, mbatata, ma pickles sayenera kuphatikizidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbale yokazinga, mafuta ndi yosuta komanso zinthu zina sizikulimbikitsidwa. Tsatirani kusinthasintha kwanu m'magazi a magazi nthawi iliyonse masana kungathandize mita yanu yamagazi. Ngati chakudya chimodzi chosintha chizowoneka bwino sichokwanira, ndi kotheka kuti endocrinologist ikupatseni jakisoni wa insulin yokwanira.

Ngati matenda ashuga akuchulukira, izi sizitanthauza kuti matendawa atha kubereka pambuyo pobereka. Kutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo, kuchita mokwanira masewera olimbitsa thupi, chakudya chokhazikika chophatikiza ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi chomwe chitha kukonzedwa ndizothandiza kwambiri panjira yoletsa matenda ashuga.