Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amakula ali aang'ono, komanso amapezeka mwa anthu okhwima. Matendawa amadziwika ndi chifukwa chakuti, pazifukwa zosadziwika mpaka kumapeto, maselo a "kapamba" omwe amapanga insulini amayamba kuwonongeka. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa insulin, kagayidwe kamasokonezedwa, makamaka chakudya. Kuphatikizika kwamafuta ndi mapuloteni amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa misempha yamagazi.

Maselo onse a β atawonongeka kwathunthu ndikupanga insulini kuyima, zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera. Matenda a shuga a Type 1, omwe ndi matenda osachiritsika, amafunikira insulin tsiku lililonse. Zilonda zamahomoni awa ndi njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi matendawa mpaka pano.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Kukula mwachangu kwa matendawa ndikomwe kumasiyanitsa matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga. Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka makamaka - ludzu lalikulu, pakamwa pouma, kupweteka kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi, kufooka, kutopa msanga, kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Ngati simuyamba kupereka insulin munthawi yake, matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis amayamba - mkhalidwe wowopsa wofooka, kupuma mwachangu komanso kovuta, kupweteka kwa minofu, tachycardia, kupweteka kwa mutu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, mawonekedwe a kununkhira kwa acetone, kupweteka kwam'mimba, komanso kusanza. Ngati izi sizichotsedwa, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chimachitika, zizindikilo zake ndi izi: kupuma kwamiseche, kusanza kowonjezereka, ziwalo zamkati ndi khungu, kusokonezeka kwa matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa minofu kamvekedwe, kuchepa mphamvu, kugona. Kuchokera ku zoyamba za matendawa mpaka kukomoka, kumatha kutenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi ingapo. Zimachitika kuti ketoacidosis ndi chikomokere zimakula mwachangu motsutsana ndi maziko a kupsinjika kwakukulu, matenda, opaleshoni, kuvulala.

Nthawi zina, matenda ashuga amtundu 1 sakhala achiwawa kwambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zake zazikulu, monga ludzu ndi kuchepa thupi, sizitchulidwa motero. Odwala, monga lamulo, amadandaula za kutopa, kukwiya, khungu loyipa komanso vuto la kugonana.

Mlingo wa kufa kwa ma β-cell mwa odwala onse ndiwosiyana. Makamaka mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wa ana 1. Mwa anthu okhwima, njirayi imatha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zotsalira za insulin zimatha kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi owopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto la mtima. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amayamba khungu, kusokonezeka kwa impso, matenda ammiyendo, ndipo amayamba kuduladula.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga 1

Pali malingaliro pakati pa anthu wamba kuti shuga imachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maswiti, zomwe sizowona.

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndikutha kwa kupanga kwa insulin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi m'maselo omwe amapanga. Chifukwa chomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimawonera ma β-cell ngati achilendo ndikupanga ma antibodies omwe amawaononga sanakhazikitsidwebe.

Amaganiziridwa kuti njira ya autoimmune yakuwonongeka kwa maselo imayamba mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja, monga kupsinjika kapena matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus: chikuku, rubella, chikuku, ndi mumps. Poterepa, kupezeka kwa chibadwidwe cha majini kumadziwika. Monga lamulo, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ali ndi wachibale yemwe akudwala matendawa.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1

Wodwala akangodziwa za matenda ake, ayenera kuyamba kupereka insulin. Chifukwa chokhala ndi mankhwala oyenera a insulin, omwe ali ndi nthawi yabwino, odwala ambiri amatha kusintha mkhalidwe wawo, kupewa matendawa, kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kuyambika ndi kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizowonjezera pa insulin. Ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, pamene thupi lilandira kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuletsa zakudya zapadera sikofunikira. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera a shuga sikuti kumangophatikizika, komanso ndikofunikira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwerengera molondola komanso osapatula masewera monga kukwera m'miyala, kukwera mapiri, parachuting, kuwongolera mphepo, kulemetsa thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chingapangitse kuti insulin ipe? Ngakhale anthu akhala akufufuza za matenda ashuga kwa zaka zoposa 2000, etiology, ndiye kuti, amene amayambitsa matendawa, sanadziwebe bwinobwino. Zowona, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhaniyi.

Choyamba, zidakhazikitsidwa kale kuti milandu yambiri yamatenda a 1 amayamba chifukwa cha autoimmune. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo a pancreatic amagwidwa ndi maselo awo omwe amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi ndipo amawonongedwa motero. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu chifukwa chomwe izi zimachitikira. Malinga ndi oyambayo, chifukwa chophwanya chotchinga cha magazi-ubongo, ma lymphocyte, omwe amatchedwa othandizira a T, amalumikizana ndi mapuloteni a ma cell amitsempha. Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino mu njira yovomerezeka ya mapuloteni akunja, othandizira a T amayamba kuzindikira mapuloteni awa ngati mapuloteni a wogulitsa kwachilendo. Chifukwa cha ngozi mwatsoka, maselo a pancreatic beta amakhalanso ndi mapuloteni ofanana. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimatembenuza "mkwiyo" wake pama cell a kapamba, ndipo posakhalitsa amawawononga.

Chiphunzitso cha Viral chimapereka chidziwitso chosavuta chazifukwa zomwe ma lymphocyte amatsutsa ma cell a beta - zomwe zimapangitsa ma virus. Ma virus ambiri amatha kupatsira kapamba, monga ma virus a rubella ndi ma virus ena a enteroviruse (ma virus a Coxsackie). Vutoli litakhala mu cell ya beta ya kapamba, khungu limakhala chandamale cha ma lymphocyte ndipo limawonongedwa.

Mwina nthawi zina mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ndi njira imodzi yophunzitsira matendawa, ndipo nthawi zina winanso, ndipo mwina onse awiri amathandizira. Koma nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa matendawa sichitha kukhazikitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi apeza kuti matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha majini, omwe amathandizanso kuti matendawo ayambe. Ngakhale kuti cholowa m'magulu a matenda ashuga 1 sichidziwika bwino ngati matenda a shuga 2. Komabe, majini apezeka omwe kuwonongeka kwake kungapangitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa atukuke:

kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
kupsinjika
kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
matenda ena a endocrine system,
konda thupi
uchidakwa
kusuta

Nthawi zina matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba chifukwa cha khansa ya kapamba, poyizoni.

Magawo ndi chitukuko cha matendawa

Mosiyana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachibiri, omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo, lembani matenda ashuga 1 amadutsa kwambiri pamwezi umodzi, ngakhale milungu iwiri. Ndipo Zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimafotokoza matenda nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kwambiri, mwakuti zimavuta kuphonya.

M'mayambiriro oyamba matenda, maselo atangoyamba kumene kuukira ziphuphu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala palibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa odwala. Ngakhale 50% ya ma cell a beta atawonongeka, wodwalayo sangamve chilichonse kupatula kungoyaka pang'ono. Kuwonetsera kwenikweni kwamatenda ndi mawonekedwe ake onse kumachitika pokhapokha pafupifupi 90% ya maselo awonongedwa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa, sikuthekanso kupulumutsa maselo otsala, ngakhale ngati chithandizo chimayambika nthawi.

Gawo lomaliza la matendawa ndikuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa maselo opanga insulin. Pakadali pano, wodwalayo sangathenso kuchita popanda jakisoni wa insulin.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ali ofanana kwambiri muzolemba zake kuyambitsa matenda 2. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kukula kwa mawonekedwe awo ndi lakuthwa kwa kuyambika kwa matendawa.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndicho kukodza mwachangu, kuphatikiza ndi ludzu lalikulu. Wodwalayo amamwa madzi ambiri, koma zimamveka ngati madzi mwa iye sachepa.

Chizindikiro china chodziwika ndi kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la thupi amadwala matenda a shuga 1, koma matendawa atayamba, munthu amatha kutaya mapaundi ochepa.

Poyamba, chidwi cha wodwalayo chimawonjezeka, chifukwa maselo alibe mphamvu. Kenako chilakole chitha kuchepa, chifukwa kuledzera kwa thupi.

Ngati wodwala akukumana ndi zizindikiro zotere, ndiye kuti ayenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Mavuto

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatchedwa hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia imakhala ndi zovuta monga kugwira ntchito kwa impso, ubongo, mitsempha, zotumphukira ndi ziwiya zazikulu. Magazi a cholesterol angakuchuluke. Kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya zazing'ono nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zilonda zam'mimba, dermatitis. Retinopathy imayamba, ndipo imapangitsa khungu.

Zovuta zazikulu, zowopsa za matenda a shuga 1 zimaphatikizapo:

Ketoacidosis ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa poizoni ndi matupi a ketone, makamaka acetone. Matupi a Ketone amapezeka thupi litayamba kutentha mafuta osungirako mafuta kuti athetse mphamvu kumafuta.

Ngati zovuta sizipha munthu, ndiye kuti zimamupangitsa kukhala wolumala. Komabe, kudalirika kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 popanda chithandizo choyenera ndikosayenera. Imfa imafika pa 100%, ndipo wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu pachaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.

Hypoglycemia

Izi ndizowopsa za matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1. Amadziwika ndi odwala omwe akudwala insulin. Hypoglycemia imachitika pamlingo wa glucose pansi 3.3 mmol / L. Zimatha kuchitika ngati pali kuphwanya dongosolo lazakudya zambiri, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kosakonzekera, kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin. Hypoglycemia ndiowopsa chifukwa cha kusazindikira, chikomokere ndi kufa.

Zizindikiro

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matendawa ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi china, kotero dokotala nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kusokoneza matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndi mnzake - mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, womwe umafunikira njira ina yosiyana ndi mankhwalawo. Pali mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga, omwe ali ndi magulu a mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga.

Njira yayikulu yodziwira ndi kuyesa magazi pazomwe zili ndi shuga. Magazi nthawi zambiri amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti iwunikidwe - kuchokera pa chala, kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha. Kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo okhutira ndi shuga, kuyeza mayeso a glucose, ndi kuwunika kwa hemoglobin. Kuti muwone mkhalidwe wa kapamba, kuwunikira kwa C-peptide kwachitika.

Matenda a shuga a insulin

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini, kutengera kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kanthu - yayifupi, ultrashort, yapakati komanso yayitali. Insulin imasiyananso komwe imachokera. M'mbuyomu, ma insulin amapezeka makamaka kuchokera ku nyama - ng'ombe, nkhumba. Tsopano, insulin yomwe imapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering imagawidwa makamaka. Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali ayenera kubayidwa kawiri patsiku kapena kamodzi patsiku. Ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo musanadye. Mlingo uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi adokotala, chifukwa amawerengedwa kutengera kulemera kwa wodwalayo komanso zochitika zake zolimbitsa thupi.

Insulin imalowetsedwa m'magazi ndi wodwalayo kapena anthu ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma syringes kapena cholembera. Tsopano pali ukadaulo wotsatsa - mapampu a insulin. Uwu ndi kapangidwe kamene kamagwira mthupi la wodwala ndikuthandizira kuchotsa ma insulin yobereka.

Mavuto a matendawa (angiopathy, nephropathy, matenda oopsa, etc.) amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi matendawa.

Zakudya za shuga

Chithandizo china ndi kudya. Chifukwa choperekera insulini nthawi zonse ngati munthu akudwala matenda a shuga a insulin, kulamulidwa kwamphamvu kotereku sikofunikira monga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti wodwala amatha kudya chilichonse chomwe angafune. Cholinga cha chakudyacho ndikupewa kusinthasintha kowopsa m'misempha yamagazi (m'mwamba mpaka pansi). Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amalowa mthupi kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi ndikuwunika kusintha kwa zochitika za insulin kutengera nthawi ya tsiku.

Monga matenda a 2 a shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kupewa zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chambiri - shuga woyengedwa, confectionery. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amadya amayenera kupakidwa. Kumbali inayo, ndi shuga yodalira insulin, kuphatikiza mankhwala a insulin, simungathe kupita kukhathamiritsa zakudya zama carb zotsika mtengo, makamaka popeza kuletsa kwambiri kwa mafuta ochulukitsa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia - mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika pansi pamlingo wowopsa.

Zinthu zakunja

Ubwenzi wakhazikitsidwa pakati pa matendawa ndi majini ambiri (onse ozimiririka komanso olemekezeka).

Kuchepa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kumakulitsidwa ndi 4-10% (wachibale mwa anthu wamba) ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi matendawa.

Zinthu zakunja

Zinthu zachilengedwe zimathandizanso kwambiri pa matenda a shuga 1 a matenda ashuga.

Mapasa odziwika omwe ali ndi genotypes omwewo ali ndi vuto la shuga nthawi imodzi mu 30-50% yokha ya milandu.

Kuchulukana kwa matendawa pakati pa anthu amtundu wa Caucasan m'maiko osiyanasiyana kumasiyana kakhumi. Zadziwika kuti mwa anthu omwe amasamukira kumadera omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga m'malo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 ndiwofala kwambiri kuposa ena omwe adakhala m'dziko lawo lobadwira.

Gulu la shuga 1

1. Pobwezera

- Chowerengeredwa ndi mkhalidwe wa matenda ashuga omwe zizindikiro za kagayidwe kazakudya zimayandikana ndi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.

- Kulipira. Pakhoza kukhala magawo a kanthawi kochepa a hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia, popanda kulumala kwakukulu.

- Kubwezera. Mwazi wamagazi umasiyana kwambiri, ndi machitidwe a hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic, mpaka kukula kwa precoma ndi chikomokere. Acetone (matupi a ketone) amawonekera mkodzo.

2. Pakakhala zovuta

- Wopepuka (njira yoyamba kapena shuga yabwino), yomwe ilibe zovuta, zomwe zalongosoledwa pansipa),
- zovuta (pali zovuta zamankhwala ndi / kapena ma neuropathies)

3. Mwa chiyambi

- autoimmune (ma antibodies apezeka ndi ma cell),
- idiopathic (palibe chifukwa chodziwika).

Kugawikaku ndikofunikira kwa asayansi, chifukwa sikukhudza njira zamankhwala.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1

1. M ludzu (thupi lomwe lili ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi limafunikira "dilution" yamagazi, kutsitsa glycemia, izi zimatheka kudzera pakumwa kwambiri, izi zimatchedwa polydipsia).

2. Kuchulukitsa kawirikawiri komanso pafupipafupi, kukodza usiku uliwonse (kudya madzi ambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose mumkodzo kumathandizira kukodza pamiyeso yayikulu, yachilendo, iyi imatchedwa polyuria).

3. Kulakalaka kwambiri (musaiwale kuti maselo amthupi ali ndi njala chifukwa chake amafunikira zosowa zawo).

4. Kuchepetsa thupi (maselo, osapeza chakudya chamafuta, ayambe kudya pokhapokha mafuta ndi mapuloteni, motero, palibe zomwe zatsala kuti amange ndikusintha minofu, munthu amachepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri ndi ludzu).

5. Khungu ndi michere yam'mimba imakhala youma; madandaulo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa "kuyanika mkamwa".

6.Mkhalidwe wambiri ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito, kufooka, kutopa, minofu ndi mutu (komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kufa kwa maselo onse).

7. Zikulimbana ndi thukuta, khungu loyenda (mwa akazi, kuyabwa mu perineum nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyamba kuonekera).

8. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa matenda opatsirana (kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda opatsirana a tenillitis, mawonekedwe a thrush, chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pachimake).

9. Kusanza, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba m'chigawo cha epigastric (pansi pamimba).

10. Pakapita nthawi, maonekedwe a zovuta: kuchepa kwa kuwona, kuwonongeka kwa impso, kusokonekera kwa chakudya komanso magazi kukapezekanso m'munsi, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuloza mkati mwa miyendo, ndi mapangidwe a autonomic polyneuropathy.

Matenda a shuga Angiopathies

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawononga khoma lamitsempha, komwe kumakhudza kukula kwa microangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono) ndi macroangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu).

Microangiopathies imaphatikizanso retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono zamaso), nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa zida zama impso), komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono za ziwalo zina. Zizindikiro zachipatala za microangiopathy zimawonekera pakati pa zaka 10 mpaka 15 za mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, koma pakhoza kukhala zopatuka kuchokera ku ziwerengero. Ngati matenda ashuga amalipiridwa mokwanira ndipo chithandizo chowonjezereka chanthawi chikuchitika, ndiye kuti kupangidwaku kungathe "kuimitsidwa" kwamuyaya. Palinso milandu yakukhazikika kwa matenda a microangiopathy, atatha zaka 2 - 3 kuchokera ku matenda.

Mwa odwala achichepere, kuwonongeka kwamitsempha kumakhala "odwala matenda ashuga", ndipo kwa okalamba amaphatikizidwa ndi mtima atherosulinosis, yomwe imakulitsa kudwala komanso matendawa.

Morphologically, microangiopathy ndi zotupa zingapo zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zonse ziwalo ndi minyewa. Khoma lamankhwala limakulirakulira, mapangidwe a hyaline (chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mapuloteni komanso kulimbana ndi zovuta zina) chimawonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, ziwiya zimataya kubwereza kwawo kwanthenga komanso kusinthasintha, michere ndi mpweya sizilowa m'matimu, minofu imatha ndipo imadwala chifukwa chosowa mpweya komanso michere. Kuphatikiza apo, zombo zomwe zikukhudzidwa zimayamba kukhala zosatetezeka komanso zosalimba. Ziwalo zambiri zimakhudzidwa, monga zanenedwa kale, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndizowonongeka kwa impso ndi retina.

Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy amawonongeka makamaka m'matumbo a impso, omwe, pang'onopang'ono, amatsogolera pakukula kwa aimpso.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy - Ichi ndi chotupa cha ziwiya za maso, zomwe zimawonedwa mu 90% ya odwala matenda a shuga. Izi ndizovuta ndi kulumala kwakukulu kwa odwala. Kukhala wakhungu kumakula nthawi 25 zambiri kuposa kawiri kawiri. Kuyambira 1992, gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga latengera:

- non-proliferative (diabetesic retinopathy I): madera amadzimadzi, hemorrhage okhudzana ndi retina, edema m'matumba akuluakulu komanso m'dera la kuwala.
- preproliferative retinopathy (matenda ashuga retinopathy II): ma venous anomalies (makulidwe, kutsutsa, kutchulidwa kosiyana mu mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi), kuchuluka kwadzaoneni, zotupa zingapo.
- proliferative retinopathy (matenda ashuga retinopathy III): kumera kwa kuwala kwa mitsempha ya m'maso (kuwala kwa mtima) ndi mbali zina za retina ndi ziwiya zatsopano zomwe zimatulutsa hemorrhage kulowa m'thupi la vitreous. Zombo zongopangika kumene sizopanga mawonekedwe, zimakhala zofooka kwambiri ndipo ndimatenda obwerezabwereza pamakhala chiopsezo chodumphanso.

Macroangiopathies akuphatikiza kuwonongeka kumunsi kwakutali mpaka kukulira kwa phazi la matenda ashuga (kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa phazi mu matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe amadziwika ndi kupanga kwa zilonda zam'mimba komanso kufalikira kwamatenda owopsa).

Macroangiopathy mu matenda a shuga amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu, kuzizira kwa miyendo, dzanzi komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa miyendo, kutuluka thukuta. Kenako, kuzizira kwina ndi kuzindikirika kwa miyendo kwadziwika, kuwonongeka kwa msomali kumadziwika (kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a bacteria ndi fungus). Kupweteka kosaletseka kwa minofu, kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yolumikizana, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kukokana ndi kukomoka kwapakati kumasokoneza pamene mkhalidwe ukupita patsogolo. Izi zimatchedwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Chithandizo chokhacho chokhazikika komanso kudziwunikira mosamala kungachepetse njirayi.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya macroangiopathy:

Gawo 0: palibe kuwonongeka pakhungu.
Gawo 1: zolakwika zazing'ono pakhungu, zopangika zokhala patali, sizinatchulidwe zotupa.
Gawo lachiwiri: zotupa zapakhungu zozama, pamakhala zotupa. Mumakonda kukula kwa chotupa mwakuya.
Gawo lachitatu: zotupa za pakhungu, zilonda zamatumbo akulu pamiyendo yam'munsi, mulingo wambiri wa zovuta zotupa, ndikuwonjezera matenda, edema, mapangidwe a abscesses ndi foci ya osteomyelitis.
Gawo 4: gangrene chala chimodzi kapena zingapo, chocheperako nthawi zambiri chimayamba osati kuchokera ku zala, koma kuyambira phazi (nthawi zambiri dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa limakhudzidwa, kufalikira kwa magazi kumasokonekera ndipo malo opangira minyewa amapangidwira, mwachitsanzo, malo a chidendene).
Gawo 5: gangrene amakhudza kwambiri mapazi, kapena phazi kwathunthu.

Vutoli limakhala lovuta chifukwa chakuti polyneuropathy imayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndi angiopathy. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka ndipo amauza dokotala mochedwa. Kukhazikika kwa chotupa pachokhomapo, chidendene chimathandizira pamenepa, popeza sichiwonetsero chodziwikiratu (wodwalayo, monga lamulo, sangayang'anitse mosamala ma soles ngati alibe nkhawa komanso palibe ululu).

Neuropathy

Matenda a shuga amakhudzanso mitsempha yotumphukira, yomwe imadziwika ndi zovuta m'matumbo ndi ntchito yamanjenje.

Matenda a diabetesic polyneuropathy amawonongeka pamitsempha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba yawo. Mitsempha ya mitsempha imakhala ndi myelin (membrane cell cell wokhala ndi zinthu ngati 75% zamafuta, 25% ya mapuloteni), omwe amawonongeka pamene apezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba, mitsempha imayamba kutaya pang'onopang'ono kuthekera kwake kuchita zoyeserera zamagetsi. Ndipo imatha kufa konse.

Kukula ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a polyneuropathy kumatengera kutalika kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa chipepeso ndi kupezeka kwa matenda olimba. Ndi matenda a shuga opitilira zaka 5, polyneuropathy imachitika mwa anthu 15% okha, ndipo ndikatenga zaka 30, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi polyneuropathy kufika 90%.

Mwachidule, polyneuropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu (kutentha ndi kupweteka), kenako ntchito yamagalimoto.

Autonomic polyneuropathy - Uku ndi kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa matenda ashuga, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yodziyimira payokha, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito zam'mitima, ma genitourinary ndi m'mimba.

Vuto la matenda ashuga odwala matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amawopsezedwa ndikusokonekera kwa mitsempha komanso ischemia (myocardial oxygen tlala), yomwe imayamba mosayembekezereka. Ndipo, zomwe zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka mumtima, chifukwa kumva kumachititsanso chidwi. Kupsinjika koteroko kwa shuga kumawopseza kufa mwadzidzidzi kwamtima, njira yovutitsa yamkati yam'maso, komanso kukula kwa arrhythmias.

Matenda a shuga (amatchedwanso dysmetabolic) kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la kugaya chakudya kumawonetsedwa ndi matumbo osafunikira, kudzimbidwa, kuphulika, chakudya cham'mimba, mayamwidwe ake amachepetsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta kuthana ndi shuga.

Kuwonongeka pamtsempha wamkodzo kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa minofu yosalala ya ureters ndi urethra, komwe kumayambitsa kusakhazikika, matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amafalikira m'mwamba, zomwe zimakhudza impso (kuwonjezera pa chotupa cha matenda ashuga, mafupa olowa pathogenic).

Mwa amuna, motsutsana ndi mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga, kusokonekera kwa erectile kumatha kuchitika, mwa akazi - dyspareunia (kugonana kowawa komanso kovuta).

Mpaka pano, funso lazomwe chimayambitsa vuto la mitsempha kapena kuwonongeka kwa mtima silinathe. Ofufuza ena amati kuperewera kwa mtima kumabweretsa mitsempha ya m'mimba ndipo izi zimatsogolera ku polyneuropathy. Gawo lina likuti kuphwanya kwamkati pamitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa khoma lamitsempha. Mwambiri, chowonadi chiri pakati pena.

Coma yowonongeka kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 mitundu ya 4:

- hyperglycemic chikomokere (kutaya chikumbumtima motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga wowonjezera wamagazi)
- ketoacidotic coma (chikomokere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'thupi)
- lactacidic coma (chikomokere chifukwa chomwa thupi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere)
- hypoglycemic coma (chikomokere kutsutsana ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi)

Iliyonse mwa mndandanda womwe walembedwayo umafunika thandizo mwachangu onse panthawi yothandizira komanso kuthandizirana, ndikuthandizira kuchipatala. Chithandizo cha mtundu uliwonse ndi chosiyana ndipo chimasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe matenda awonekera, mbiri yake komanso kuopsa kwa vutoli. Matendawa amakhalanso osiyana pamikhalidwe iliyonse.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 ndikuyambitsa insulini kuchokera kunja, ndiye kuti, kulowa m'malo mwake kwa ma hormone omwe sanapangidwe.

Ma insulin ndi ofupika, a ultrashort, autali komanso osakhalitsa. Monga lamulo, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala afupiafupi / owonjezera-lalifupi ndi lalitali / lalitali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palinso mankhwala osakanikirana (kuphatikiza kwa insulin yayifupi komanso yayitali mu syringe imodzi).

Mankhwala a Ultrashort (apidra, humalog, novorapid), amayamba kuchita mphindi 1 mpaka 20. Kuchuluka kwa zotsatira pambuyo pa ola limodzi, kutalika kwa nthawiyo ndi maola 3 mpaka 5.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mwachidule (Insuman, Actrapid, Humulinregular) amayamba kuchita pakati pa theka la ola, zotsatira zoyenera pambuyo pa maola 2 - 4, kutalika kwa maola 6 - 8 maola.

Mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (Insuman, Humulin NPH, Insulatard) amayamba kugwira ntchito atatha ola limodzi, mphamvu yayikulu imachitika pambuyo pa maola 4 - 12, nthawi yayitali ndi maola 16 - 24.

Kukonzekera kwa nthawi yayitali (nthawi yayitali) (lantus, levemir) kumachitika chimodzimodzi kwa maola 24. Amalandira kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Mankhwala osakanikirana (InsumanKombi 25, Mikstard 30, Humulin M3, NovoMiks 30, HumalogMiks 25, HumalogMiks 50) nawonso amatumizidwa 1 kapena 2 kawiri pa tsiku.

Monga lamulo, mitundu iwiri ya insulin ya nthawi zina imaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumapangidwira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamthupi mu insulin masana.

Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amapereka m'malo mwa insulin yawoyake, ndiye kuti, mulingo womwe umakhalapo mwa anthu ngakhale pakalibe chakudya. Jekeseni wa insulin zokulitsidwa amachita kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Mankhwala ochita kupanga mwachidule amapangidwira kuti azikwaniritsa zofunika za insulin panthawi yakudya. Jekeseni zimachitika pafupifupi 3 pa tsiku, pamaso chakudya. Mtundu uliwonse wa insulin uli ndi njira yake yoyendetsera, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchita pambuyo pa mphindi 5, ena pambuyo pa 30.

Komanso masana kumatha kukhala ndi majekeseni ena owonjezera a insulin (amatchedwa "jabs" pamalankhulidwe wamba). Kufunika kumeneku kumakhalapo pakudya kolakwika, kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kudziletsa kuwulula shuga.

Jakisoni amapangidwa mwina ndi insulin kapena pampu. Pali makina ojambulidwa ojambulidwa omwe amavala thupi nthawi zonse zovala, kuyezetsa magazi ndikujambulira muyezo woyenera wa insulin - awa ndi zida zomwe amatchedwa "zokumba pancreas".

Kuwerengera Mlingo kumachitika ndi dokotala - endocrinologist. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chiphuphu chosakwanira chimawopseza zovuta zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, mpaka kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic.

Pochiza matenda ashuga, ndizosatheka kutchulanso chakudyacho, chifukwa popanda zoletsa zam'magazi simudzakhala chindapusa chokwanira chifukwa cha matendawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamakhala chiopsezo cha moyo ndipo kukulira kwa zovuta kumathandizira.

Mtundu wa 1 shuga wodwala

1. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, osachepera 6 pa tsiku. Kawiri pa tsiku ayenera kukhala chakudya chama protein.

2. Kuletsa kwa chakudya zamafuta pafupifupi magalamu 250 patsiku, zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta sizimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu.

3.Kudya mokwanira mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi zinthu zina.

Zopangira: masamba abwino (kaloti, beets, kabichi, nkhaka, phwetekere), zitsamba zatsopano (katsabola, parsley), nyemba (mphodza, nyemba, nandolo), mbewu zonse za tirigu (barele, mpunga wa bulauni, chinangwa, mtedza) zipatso ndi zipatso (osati zotsekemera, mwachitsanzo, ma plums, mphesa, maapulo wobiriwira, ma jamu, ma currants), msuzi wamasamba, okroshka, zakudya zamkaka, nyama yochepa mafuta ndi nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi (shrimp, mussels), mazira (nkhuku, zinziri), mafuta a polyunsaturated (dzungu ndi mpendadzuwa, maolivi, mafuta a azitona), madzi amchere, osapezekanso tiyi, msuzi wa duwa lakuthengo.

Zochulukirapo: zipatso zouma (kuzikhathamiritsa m'madzi kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30), zipatso kuchokera ku zipatso ndi zipatso (zosaposa chikho 1 patsiku), zipatso zotsekemera ndi zipatso (nthochi, mapeyala, sitiroberi, mapichesi ndi ena, zochuluka Chidutswa chimodzi kapena zipatso zingapo pamitundu ingapo, kupatula mphesa, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga komanso nthawi yomweyo ndimakulitsa shuga wamagazi, motero ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito).

Choletsedwa: maswiti ndi confectionery (makeke, makeke, ma suples, maswiti, maswiti), nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba, zinthu zamkaka zamafuta kwambiri, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi ndi zosefukira ndi timadzi tokoma, nyama zotsekemera, zakudya zam'chitini, zakudya zosavuta, mikate yoyera ndi ophika buledi zogulitsa, maphunziro oyamba mumsuzi wamafuta kapena wokometsedwa ndi zonona, kirimu wowawasa, mitundu yonse ya mowa, zokometsera zotentha ndi zonunkhira (mpiru, horseradish, tsabola wofiira), ketchup, mayonesi ndi msuzi wina wamafuta.

Ngakhale zakudya zovomerezeka siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosaganizira. Gome la magawo a mkate lakhazikitsidwa kuti lipange dongosolo la zakudya.

Bread Units (XE) ndi mtundu wa "muyezo" wowerengera mafuta owonjezera. M'mabukuwo muli zisonyezo za magawo okhuthala, chakudya chamthupi, magawo olowa m'malo - izi ndi zofanana. 1 XE ndi pafupifupi magalamu 10 mpaka 12 a chakudya. 1 XE imakhala mu chidutswa cha mkate wolemera magalamu 25 (kudula wosanjikiza 1 cm kuchokera mkate wamba ndikudula pakati, monga mkate nthawi zambiri umadulidwa m'zipinda zodyeramo). Zinthu zonse zopatsa mphamvu kwa odwala matenda ashuga zimayezedwa m'magawo a mkate, pali matebulo apadera owerengera (chilichonse chimakhala ndi "kulemera" kwake mu XE). XE imawonetsedwa pamaphukusi omwe ali ndi zakudya zapadera za odwala matenda ashuga. Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatengera kuchuluka kwa ma XE omwe amwedwa.

Kupewa matenda a shuga 1

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, ntchito ya wodwalayo ndiyo kupewa mavuto. Kufunsana pafupipafupi kwa endocrinologist komanso kutenga nawo mbali m'masukulu a Diabetes kukuthandizani ndi izi. Sukulu ya matenda ashuga ndi ntchito yofikira yomwe madokotala a akatswiri osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito.Endocrinologists, opaleshoni ndi othandizira amaphunzitsa odwala kuwerengera magawo a mkate, kudzipenda kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi, kuzindikira kuwonongeka ndikupereka chithandizo chothandizira komanso mogwirizana, samalani miyendo yanu (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kwa angiopathy ndi neuropathy) ndi maluso ena othandiza.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda omwe amasanduka njira ya moyo. Amasintha zomwe nthawi zonse zimachitika, koma sizisokoneza zomwe mumachita bwino komanso zomwe mukufuna kuchita pamoyo. Simukuchepera pa ntchito zaluso, ufulu woyenda komanso kufunitsitsa kukhala ndi ana. Anthu ambiri otchuka amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, pakati pawo Sharon Stone, Holly Bury, wosewera hockey Bobby Clark ndi ena ambiri. Chinsinsi cha kupambana pakudziyang'anira nokha komanso kufikira kwa dokotala panthawi yake. Dzisamalire nokha ndikukhala wathanzi!

Zambiri

Mawu akuti "shuga" amachokera ku chilankhulo chachi Greek ndipo amatanthauza "kuyenda, kutuluka", motero dzina la matendawa limafotokozera chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu - polyuria, excretion wa mkodzo wambiri. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amatchedwanso autoimmune, odalira insulin komanso mwana. Matendawa amatha kuchitika zaka zilizonse, koma nthawi zambiri amadziwoneka mwa ana ndi achinyamata. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zamatenda. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga ndi 1-9%, mitundu yodalirika ya insulini imakhala ndi 5-10% ya milandu. Izi zimatengera mtundu wa odwala, okwera kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Scandinavia.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga 1

Zomwe zikuthandizira pakukula kwa matendawa zikufufuzidwabe. Mpaka pano, zadziwika kuti mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus umachokera mu kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe komanso zovuta zakunja. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kapamba, kuchepa kwa insulin ndi izi:

Khalidweli. Chizolowezi cha shuga chodalira insulin chimafalikira motsata - kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana. Dziwani mitundu ingapo yamitundu yomwe ilipo yomwe imayambitsa matendawa. Amakhala ambiri pakati pa anthu okhala ku Europe ndi North America. Pamaso pa kholo lodwala, chiopsezo kwa mwana chikuwonjezeka ndi 4-10% poyerekeza ndi anthu wamba.
Zinthu zakunja zosadziwika. Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuti mapasa ofanana omwe ali ndi mitundu yofanana ya majini amadwala palimodzi mwa 30-50% ya milandu. Zinapezekanso kuti anthu omwe amasamukira kudera lomwe ali ndi vuto lotsika ndikupita kudera lomwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi matenda a shuga kuposa omwe anakana kusamuka.
Matenda a ma virus. Kuyankha kwa autoimmune maselo a pancreatic kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka virus. Mwambiri, zotsatira za ma virus a Coxsackie ndi rubella.
Mankhwala, mankhwala. Maselo a Beta a gland omwe amapanga insulini amatha kukhudzidwa ndi ma mankhwala ena. Zitsanzo za zophatikizira zotere ndi poizoni wa rat ndi streptozocin, mankhwala kwa odwala khansa.

Matendawa adakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa kupanga kwa insulin ya ma cell mu beta maselo a pancreatic a Langerhans. Tizilombo totengera insulin timaphatikizira hepatic, adipose, ndi minofu. Ndi kuchepa kwa insulin katemera, amasiya kumwa shuga m'magazi. Pali chikhalidwe cha hyperglycemia - chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Magazi amakhathamira, magazi amayenda m'matumbo amasokonezeka, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, zotupa za malekezero ake.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Amalowa m'magazi ndipo kenako amakonzedwa ndi chiwindi kupita ku ma ketones, omwe amakhala mphamvu pazinthu zosadalira insulin, kuphatikiza minyewa ya muubongo. Momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapitirira 7-10 mmol / l, njira ina ya glucose excretion kudzera mu impso imayatsidwa. Glucosuria ndi polyuria zimayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha kusowa madzi m'thupi ndi kusowa kwa electrolyte. Kulipira kutayika kwa madzi, kumverera kwa ludzu kumakulitsidwa (polydipsia).

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1

Zizindikiro zazikulu zamankhwala zakuwonetsa matendawa ndi polyuria, polydipsia ndi kuchepa thupi. Amakonzekera kukodza pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku kumafikira malita 3-4, nthawi zina usiku kumatha. Odwala ali ndi ludzu, pakamwa pouma, amamwa malita 8-10 a madzi patsiku. Kulakalaka kumawonjezeka, koma kulemera kwa thupi kumachepa ndi 5-12 makilogalamu m'miyezi iwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa tulo usiku ndi kugona pakati masana, chizungulire, kukwiya, ndi kutopa zitha kudziwika. Odwala amamva kutopa kosalekeza, samagwira ntchito wamba.

Pali kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi mucous nembanemba, zotupa, zilonda. Mkhalidwe wa tsitsi ndi misomali umakulirakulira, mabala ndi zotupa zina za pakhungu sizichiritsa kwanthawi yayitali. Kusokonezeka kwa magazi mu capillaries ndi mitsempha yamagazi kumatchedwa diabetesic angiopathy. Kugonjetsedwa kwa ma capillaries kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa masomphenya (matenda ashuga retinopathy), kuletsa kwa impso ndi edema, matenda oopsa a matenda ashuga (matenda ashuga). Ndi macroangiopathy, pamene mitsempha ndi mitsempha zimakhudzana ndi pathological process, atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamtima komanso m'munsi yotsika imayamba kupita patsogolo, gangrene imayamba.

Mu theka la odwala, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatsimikizika, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa electrolyte, kusakwanira kwa magazi ndi edema yamitsempha yamanjenje. Mphamvu ya mitsempha imakulirakulira, kupweteketsa mtima kumachitika. Ndi zotumphukira za m'mitsempha, odwala amadandaula za kutentha kwa m'miyendo ndi kupweteka m'miyendo, makamaka usiku, kumverera kwa "goosebumps", dzanzi, komanso chidwi chochuluka chogwira. Autonomic neuropathy imadziwika ndi kuperewera kwa ziwalo zamkati - pali zizindikiro za kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba, kuperewera kwa chikhodzodzo, matenda a genitourinary, kusowa kwa erectile, angina pectoris. Ndi focal neuropathy, kupweteka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukhazikika kumapangidwa.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1

Kuyesetsa kwa madokotala kuli ndi cholinga chothetsa chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga, komanso kupewa mavuto, kuphunzitsa odwala kuti azitha kukhala pawokhazikika kwa standardoglycemia. Odwala amathandizidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri apolyprofessional, omwe amaphatikizapo ma endocrinologists, akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi, ophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kufunsira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, magawo ophunzitsira. Njira zazikulu zikuphatikiza:

Mankhwala a insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa insulin ndikofunikira pakulipira kwapamwamba kwakukulu kwa zovuta za metabolic, kupewa boma la hyperglycemia. Zingwe ndizofunikira. Chiyambi chomangidwacho chimapangidwa chilichonse.
Zakudya Odwala amawonetsedwa ngati chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha carb, kuphatikiza zakudya za ketogenic (ma ketoni amakhala ngati gwero lamphamvu m'malo mwa glucose). Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ndi masamba, nyama, nsomba, mkaka. Pochulukirapo, magwero azakudya zovuta amavomerezedwa - buledi wathunthu, tirigu.
Wochita payekha zolimbitsa thupi. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizothandiza kwa odwala ambiri omwe alibe zovuta kwambiri. Makalasi amasankhidwa payekhapayekha ndi wophunzitsa kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amachitika mwadongosolo. Katswiriyu amawona kutalika ndi kulimba kwa maphunzirowo, poganizira thanzi la wodwalayo, mulingo wolipirira wa matenda ashuga. Anapatsidwa gawo lokhalokha, othamanga, masewera. Masewera olimbitsa, masewera othamanga amathamanga.
Kudziletsa. Kupambana kwa kukonza mankhwalawa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa cholimbikitsira kwa odwala. M'magawo apadera, amauzidwa za njira zamatendawa, njira zopangira chipukuta misozi, zovuta, kugogomezera kufunika kowunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Odwala amaphunzira luso lokha kudzipangira okha jakisoni, kusankha zakudya, ndikupanga menyu.
Kupewa mavuto. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amasintha ntchito ya enzymatic yama cell a glandular. Izi zimaphatikizapo othandizira omwe amalimbikitsa minofu oxygenation, mankhwala a immunomodulatory. Kuthandiza panthawi ya matenda, hemodialysis, antidote mankhwala amachitika kuti athetse mitundu yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa kwa matenda a methane (thiazides, corticosteroids).

Pakati pa zoyeserera, kuyambitsa katemera wa BHT-3021 DNA ndikofunikira kudziwa. Odwala omwe adalandira jakisoni wa intramuscular kwa masabata 12, kuchuluka kwa C-peptide, chikhomo cha pancreatic islet cell zochita. Gawo lina lofufuzira ndikusintha kwa maselo a stem kukhala maselo a glandular omwe amapanga insulin. Kuyesera pa makoswe kunapereka zotsatira zabwino, koma umboni wachitetezo cha njirayi ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira muzochita zamankhwala.

Zotsogola ndi kupewa

Njira yodalira insulin ya matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala chimathandiza kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino kwa odwala. Njira zodzitetezera sizinapangidwebe, chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizinafotokozedwe. Pakadali pano, anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo amalimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa pachaka kuti adziwe matendawa adakali koyambirira komanso kulandira chithandizo cha panthawi yake. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mapangidwe a hyperglycemia, omwe amachepetsa zovuta.

Zizindikiro

Ngakhale nthenda yake yayitali, matendawa, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa, amakhala ndi chitukuko chofulumira komanso kusintha kwa gawo lina lakuvuta kupita kwina.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga 1 zimaperekedwa:

ludzu losalekeza - izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhoza kumwa mpaka malita khumi amadzimadzi patsiku,
kamwa yowuma - yowonetsedwa ngakhale kumbuyo kwa njira yambirimbiri ya zakumwa,
kukodza kambiri komanso pafupipafupi,
kulakalaka
khungu louma ndi nembanemba
kuyabwa kwachikale pakhungu ndi zotupa za pakhungu.
zosokoneza tulo
kufooka ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe
madera a kumunsi,
kuwonda
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
kusanza ndi kusanza, komwe kumakhalitsa kwakanthawi,
njala yosalekeza
kusakhazikika
kugona - chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yamatendawa, azimayi ndi abambo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndimikhalidwe yoopsa yomwe imafunikira thandizo loyenerera mwachangu. Kupanda kutero, zovuta zimayamba zomwe zimabweretsa mwana kapena wamkulu. Mikhalidwe iyi imaphatikizapo hyperglycemia, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose.

Komanso, ndimatenga nthawi yayitali matenda: