Lembani 1 ndikulemba 2 shuga

Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka, ndi angati akukhala nacho, sichoncho onse amadziwa? Chiyembekezo cha moyo chimatsimikiziridwa, mwa zina, ndi mtundu wa matenda. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda, ndi osachiritsika, koma amatha kuwongoleredwa. Anthu opitilira 200 miliyoni padziko lonse ali ndi matenda ashuga, anthu 20 miliyoni amamwalira chaka chilichonse. Pankhani yaimfa, matenda a shuga amachitika 3 m'malo pambuyo pa matenda a oncology ndi mtima. Ku Russia, 17% ya anthu amadwala. Zaka khumi zilizonse odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi amawonjezereka kawiri ndipo matendawa akupitilizabe kukula - izi ndizopweteketsa mtima.

Mtundu wa vuto

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka zingati? Pali mfundo zolimbikitsa: mu 1965, odwala matenda a shuga 1 amwalira mu 35% ya milandu poyambirira, tsopano amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, chiwerengero chawo chatsika ndi 11%. Mtundu wachiwiri, odwala amakhala ndi zaka 70 kapena kupitirira. Chifukwa chake ndikukhulupirira kapena kusakhulupirira ziwerengero ndi nkhani ya kusankha kwa aliyense. Endocrinologists, akafunsidwa ndi odwala kuti amakhala ndi matenda ashuga nthawi yayitali bwanji, akuti zimatengera kuwuma kwawo, koma osafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la mawuwa. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikuchenjeza za zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kufunika kwachithandizo chanthawi zonse.

Zinafika poti zina mwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa miyoyo ya odwala zimagona ndi akatswiri.

Mukazindikira matenda a shuga, moyo umapitilirabe ndipo ndi inu nokha amene mungafutukuze. Kusakhazikika kwa matendawa kuyenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo osachita mantha ndi izi. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amafotokozedwa ndi dokotala wakale wa Greece Demeso, ndiye kuti matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa kuchepa kwa chinyezi, chifukwa munthu amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi. Anthu otere amakhala ndi moyo zochepa kwambiri ndipo anamwalira asanakwanitse zaka 30; iwo, monga momwe zikuonekeratu, anali ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga sunakhalepo, chifukwa anthu sanali kuchita nawo. Nanga bwanji masiku ano? Ndi mtundu 1, mutha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kwathunthu komanso moyenera, ndipo ndi mtundu 2 mutha kuwuchotsa kwathunthu kwanthawi yayitali. Koma zozizwitsa sizibwera zokha, ziyenera kupangidwa. Chofunikira cha matendawa ndikuti pancreatic (pancreas) gland imaleka kuthana ndi ntchito yake yopanga insulin kapena kuipanga mwachizolowezi, koma mahomoni samatengekedwa ndi zimakhala.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Amatchedwa insulin-amadalira, chifukwa ndi izi amapanga timadzi tambiri timene timayendetsa. Matenda amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri (pokhapokha peresenti 10), amapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Amachokera ku cholowa chovuta kapena ngati kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, ngati kamayambitsa matenda m'thupi m'thupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu chimadziponyera payekha komanso ma antibodies ake amayamba kuwononga ngati mlendo. Njirayi imathamanga, ndulu yowonongeka imasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo insulin siyipangidwa. Zikatero, thupi liyenera kulandira insulin kuchokera kunja kuti ikhale ndi moyo.

Type 2 shuga

Koma iyi ndi shuga yomwe, yomwe aliyense wamva ndi ma glucometer omwe nthawi zambiri amalengezedwa. Amalembetsa pambuyo pa zaka 40-50. Ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuchititsa - kubadwa ndi kunenepa. Ndi insulin yamtunduwu imapangidwa, koma zimakhala zake sizimamwa, chifukwa chake zimatchedwa insulin. Apa mahomoni pawokha sagwira ntchitozo. Izi matenda amakula pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono, munthu sangadziwe kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, zizindikiro za matendawa ndizofatsa.

Mosasamala mtundu wake, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zilipobe:

• ludzu lochulukirapo, lokhala ndi njala nthawi zonse,
• kutopa kwambiri, kugona tulo masana,
• kamwa yowuma
• kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi
• zikwangwani zimawonekera pakhungu chifukwa cholumidwa nthawi zonse.
• ngakhale zopota zazing'ono zimachiritsa bwino.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri: koyambirira, wodwalayo amataya msanga, ndi mtundu 2 - amayamba kunenepa.

Kukula kwachisokonezo komwe kumakhalapo chifukwa cha zovuta zake, osati palokha.

Ndi angati akukhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kumwalira ndi kawiri ndi 2.6 kuposa anthu athanzi, ndipo mtundu 2, 1.6 kuposa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa matenda ashuga 1 kumatha zaka 50, ndipo nthawi zina kufika 60.

Magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga

Izi zikutanthauza kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga, awa ndi:

• zidakwa
• osuta
• ana ochepera zaka 12
• achinyamata
• okalamba odwala atherosulinosis.

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, mtundu 1 wa shuga umanenedwa. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo kudzakhala kotani, zimadalira kwathunthu kuwongolera kwa makolo awo ndi kuthandizidwa ndi adokotala, chifukwa ana m'badwo uno satha kuzindikira kuopsa kwa vutoli, kwa iwo palibe lingaliro la kufa kuchokera pakudya maswiti ndi kumwa koloko. Ana otere ayenera kulandira insulin kwa moyo wonse, pafupipafupi (komanso pa nthawi yake).

Ngati tizingolankhula za omwe amasuta fodya komanso okonda mowa, ndiye kuti ngakhale ndi kuyang'aniridwa koyenera kwa malingaliro ena onse, akhoza kufikira zaka 40 zokha, ndi momwe zizolowezi ziwirizi ndizowopsa. Ndi atherosclerosis, stroko ndi gangore ndizofala - odwala oterewa adzaweruzidwa. Opaleshoni amatha kuwonjezera moyo wawo kwa zaka zingapo.

Chimachitika ndi chiani mthupi ndi kufalikira kwa "magazi okoma" kudzera m'matumbo? Choyamba, ndi wandiweyani, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katundu pa mtima amawonjezeka kwambiri. Kachiwiri, shuga imang'amba khoma lamitsempha yamagazi, monga amphaka amang'amba mipando yophulika.

Maenje a mabowo pamakoma awo, omwe nthawi yomweyo amadzazidwa ndi ma cholesterol. Ndizo zonse - zina zonse zili pa chala. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa kuti shuga imakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, kusintha kwawo kosasintha. Chifukwa chake zilonda zam'mimba, ndi kuchiritsa zilonda zam'mimba, khungu, ndi uremic chikomaso ndi zina zotero - zonse zakupha. Kupatula apo, ukalamba m'thupi wakhala ukukula kuyambira zaka 23, izi ndizosatheka kwa aliyense. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera njirayi nthawi zina, ndipo kusinthika kwa maselo kumachepetsa. Iyi si nkhani zoyipa, koma kuyitanitsa kuchitapo kanthu.

Kukhala ndi moyo wautali, mwina pokhapokha ngati nthawi zonse mumayang'anira shuga, magazi ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri komanso yoyipa kwa odwala matenda ashuga imagwiridwa ndi nkhawa komanso mantha "momwe mungakhalire nayo", komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zimapangitsa kuti shuga atulutse ndikutenga mphamvu kwa wodwala kuti amenyane, ma cortisol am'madzi amatulutsidwa m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka, zomwe zimakulitsa vutoli.

M'moyo, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala wodekha komanso wodekha, wopezeka mu malingaliro ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu 1, pokhazikika pakuwunika shuga wamagazi, kutsatira malingaliro onse, odwala azitha kukhala zaka 60-65, ndipo wachitatu amakhala ndi moyo wopitilira 70. Chiwopsezo cha matenda amtundu woyamba ndikuti chimatha kuyamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Njira zosasinthika zimachitikira impso ndi mtima. Odwala oterowo ayenera kukhala ndi chibangiri m'manja mwawo chosonyeza kuti ali ndi vutoli, pamenepo ambulansi ikafika kuyitanitsa ena idzakhala yosavuta kupereka thandizo lofunikira. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa za hypoglycemia, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi mapiritsi a shuga. Wodwala yemwe akudziwa kale zofunikira amatha kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi yakwana yoti apereke insulin, yomwe akufuna kukhala naye.

Kodi amakhala ndi shuga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Amayi omwe amadalira insulin amakhala zaka 20, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi zaka 12 poyerekeza ndi anzawo athanzi. Odwala awa amadalira kwathunthu okondedwa awo, pakulamulira kwawo mosasamala.

Za mtundu wachiwiri

Umu ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, womwe umapezeka kuti walandidwa kangapo kuposa mtundu woyamba, mutatha zaka 50 ndi kuposerapo, kuphatikiza pa zomwe zachitika pamoyo, pali zilonda zambiri zosachiritsika. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala cholowa komanso kukhala ndi moyo woipa. Pakhoza kusakhala ndi zodziwikiratu zoonekera, koma munthu mwadzidzidzi amayamba kutsutsana ndi mtima komanso kudumphira m'magazi. Malo achiwiri ndi a impso. Mukamawunika odwala oterowo, nthawi zambiri amaulula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.

• stroko, myocardial infaration,
• nephropathy,
• retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwammbuyo ndi khungu),
• kudula miyendo
• mafuta hepatosis
• polyneuropathies ndi kutaya mtima, chifukwa cha minofu atrophy, kukokana,
• zilonda zam'mimba.

Odwala oterowo amayenera kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi shuga m'magazi. Kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali, ayenera kutsatira njira yochiritsidwayo. Amayenera kupuma mokwanira komanso kugona mokwanira, panthawi ndi kudya bwino. Boma liyenera kulemekezedwa kulikonse, mosasamala malo omwe angakhale. Achibale ayenera kulimbikitsa wodwalayo, osamulola kuti asakhale wokhumudwa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa zaka za matenda a shuga a 2 kungathe kupitilizidwa ndi moyo wabwino. Zitha kuchepa pokhapokha zaka 5 poyerekeza ndi osadwala - izi ndizolosera. Koma izi ndizomwe zimachitika pakakhala olamulira. Komanso, kufa kwa amuna ndiwokwera kwambiri, chifukwa amayi nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kutsatira zonse zofunika. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umakulitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a Alzheimer's zaka 60.

Carbohydrate metabolism imalephera poganiza kuti maselo amakhala osazindikira insulini ndipo sangathe kulowa mkati mwake.

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga sikuchitika, ndipo m'magazi mumayamba kukula. Ndipo pomwe kapamba amaletsa kupanga kwa insulin konse. Pakufunika kuti mupeze izi kuchokera kunja (mu gawo lowopsa kwambiri la matenda). Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga masiku ano? Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi moyo komanso zaka.

Kukula komanso kusinthika kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika chifukwa chakuti padzikoli pali ukalamba wambiri. Vuto lina ndilakuti ndi matekinoloje apamwamba aposachedwa, zizolowezi za anthu zasintha kwathunthu kwa nthawi yayitali: akukhalabe kuntchito, kutsogolo kwa makompyuta, kuchuluka kwachilendo kwakuthupi, kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zopsinjika, kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwamanjenje, ndi kunenepa kwambiri - zinthu zonsezi zimasunthira zizindikiritso kwa achinyamata. Ndipo chinthu chimodzi: ndichopindulitsa kwa akatswiri azamankhwala kuti asapange njira yothandizira matenda ashuga, phindu likukula. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala amamasulidwa omwe amangotsitsimutsa zizindikiro, koma osachotsa zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupulumutsidwa kwa kumiza anthu kwakukulu kumakhala ntchito ya kumadziya okha. Musaiwale zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga atatu: ofatsa - shuga wamagazi mpaka 8,2 mmol / l, apakati - mpaka 11, olemera - oposa 11.1 mmol / l.

Kulephera ndi Matenda Awiri A shuga

Hafu ya odwala matenda ashuga a 2 ali ndi vuto. Odwala okhawo omwe amayang'anira thanzi lawo mosamala ndi omwe angapewe izi. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga okhathamira, pamene ziwalo zonse zofunika zikugwirabe ntchito mwachizolowezi, koma kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito amadziwika, gulu lolumala la 3 limaperekedwa kwa chaka chimodzi.

Odwala sayenera kugwira ntchito yoopsa, nthawi yausiku, yotentha kwambiri, amakhala ndi maola osagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndikuyenda maulendo aku bizinesi.

M'magawo otukuka, anthu akafuna chisamaliro chakunja, gulu lomwe siligwira ntchito 1 kapena 2 limaperekedwa.

Maupangiri a Thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga

Zakudya zimafunikira ngakhale kwa moyo wonse. Kuwerengera kwa BZHU peresenti kuyenera kukhala: 25-20-55. Zomwe amakonda zimaperekedwa kwa chakudya choyenera, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a masamba. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kumwa kwa zipatso zotsekemera, kupatula zopangidwa ndi shuga, musaiwale za mavitamini ndi mchere. Zowonjezera zambiri, mbewu monga chimanga ndi mafuta zimavomerezeka.

Mavuto aakulu

Mavuto amakula ndi zaka za matenda ndi matenda amishuga 2. Zombozi zidakhudzidwa kale ndi nthawi imeneyo, mathero a mitsempha nawonso, minyewa yamtundu wa trophic. Chifukwa cha njirazi, ziwalo zamkati zimayamba kuchepa - izi ndi impso, mtima, khungu, maso, mathero amitsempha, komanso dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati. Amangoleka kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo. Ngati ziwiya zazikulu zikukhudzidwa, ndiye kuti pali chowopsa kuubongo. Zikaonongeka, makoma amaterera mu lumen, amakhala osalimba ngati galasi. Matenda a shuga a shuga amayamba pambuyo pa zaka 5 za shuga wambiri.

Phazi la matenda ashuga limakulika - miyendo imalephera kumva, kukhala dzanzi, zilonda zam'mimba, kuzimiririka. Miyendo ya wodwalayo siyimva kutentha, monganso momwe anachitira a Natya Kustinskaya, yemwe anali ndi miyendo usiku wonse atagwa ndi batri lotentha, koma sanamve.

Ndi matenda a shuga 2, nephropathy imakhala malo oyamba kufa, motsatiridwa ndi matenda amtima ndi maso. Loyamba limayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso, kuthana ndi chiwalo kungafunike, komwe, kumadzaza ndi zovuta zina pakuchita opareshoni. Pakhungu m'malo osokonekera komanso thukuta kwambiri, furunculosis imayamba.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda oopsa, omwe amakhalabe okwera ngakhale nthawi yopuma usiku, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha stroke ndi matenda a edema komanso infarction ya myocardial. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mitsempha yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 nthawi zambiri imayambika masana motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi matenda oyamba matenda a mtima kwambiri.

Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, munthu sangamve kupweteka mumtima chifukwa chophwanya minyewa yamatenda.

Vuto lamkati mwa amuna limayambitsa kusabala, ndipo azimayi amatha kufooka komanso ziume. Ndi chidziwitso chofunikira cha matendawa, Zizindikiro zamavuto amisempha mu mawonekedwe a encephalopathy amakula: chizolowezi chokhala ndi nkhawa, kusakhazikika kwa maganizo, kuchuluka kwa manjenjenje komanso phokoso limawonekera. Izi zimadziwika makamaka ndikusinthasintha kwa shuga. Mapeto ake, odwala amadwala matenda a maganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwamalingaliro amtunduwu ndi motere: ndi shuga wochepa, mumamva bwino, koma palibe dementia, wokhala ndi shuga wambiri, mumatha kumva bwino, koma matenda amisempha amakula. Retinopathy ndizotheka, zomwe zimatsogolera kuubala ndi khungu.

Kupewa kwa zovuta komanso kutalika kwa moyo

Chinsinsi cha thanzi ndikuwona zochitika zamasiku onse. The endocrinologist akufotokozerani zonse - zotsalazo zimatengera mphamvu yanu. Khalidwe la matenda ashuga liyenera kusintha kwambiri. Zosasangalatsa ndi zotheka zimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chiyembekezo komanso kuphunzira kukhala moyo wosiyana ndi ena. Ndikosatheka kuneneratu za matendawa, koma ndizotheka kutengera zinthu zomwe zikukhudza kukula kwa moyo.

Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga? Kumwa mankhwala kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala azitsamba (ma tiyi ndi ma infusions azitsamba). Kuyang'anira magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi kwa shuga, kutsatira kwambiri zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kupumula koyenera komanso kugona, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira kumafunikira. Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga? Phunzirani kusinkhasinkha komanso kupumula. Palibe chifukwa chomwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a shuga.

Izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta kuchokera ku ziwalo zamkati, popeza zonse zimakhala ndi zovuta zake. Kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kumathetseratu mankhwala omwe amadzipangitsa nokha komanso kudzisamalira. Osadzizunza ndimaganizo okhudza matendawa, musaiwale kusangalala ndi moyo, banja ndi ana. Dziwani bwino zolimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Malingaliro a shuga ndi moyo amakhalanso ogwirizana.

Kutengera ndi mfundo zonsezi, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ungangotenga zaka 5 zokha za moyo wanu, ndipo lembani matenda ashuga 1 - 15, koma zonsezi payokha. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wokhala ndi odwala matenda ashuga chafika zaka 75 ndi 80. Pali anthu omwe amakhala zaka 85 ndi 90.