Kodi mtundu 1 komanso 2 matenda a shuga amathandizidwadi: chithandizo cha matendawa ndi insulin

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi mliri wakula chifukwa cha moyo komanso kadyedwe kake. Pafupifupi palibe amene amadziwa kuthana ndi matenda a shuga a 2 moyenera, madokotala amaganiza mozama komanso kuiwalako za chithandizo chachikulu ... Kupitilira apo, oposa theka la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 samadziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mliri wa matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga pazaka 50 zapitazi kwachulukanso kasanu ndi kawiri! Anthu 26 miliyoni aku America akupezeka ndi matenda ashuga 2, pomwe ena miliyoni 79 ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a prediabetes. Kodi mumadziwa kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ungathe kupewedwa kwathunthu? Kuti muthane ndi matenda a shuga, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa (kusokonekera kwa insulin ndi sensitivity ya leptin) ndikusintha moyo wanu.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi kudalira kwa insulin

Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi glucose okwera. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umatchulidwanso shuga wa ana, mtundu wocheperako womwe umakhudza mmodzi mwa anthu 250 aku America. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga ma cell a insulin. Zotsatira zake, insulin yamadzi imatha. Odwala a shuga amtundu woyamba ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi insulin ya moyo wawo wonse. Pakadali pano, kupatula kuphatikizidwa kwa ma pancreatic, palibe chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha matenda a shuga 1.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: pafupifupi 100% yovomerezeka

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhudza 90-95% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga, thupi limatulutsa insulini, koma satha kuzindikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi insulin kukana. Kukana kwa insulini kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa glucose wamagazi, omwe ndi omwe amachititsa zovuta zambiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga: ndi ludzu lochulukirapo, njala yayikulu (ngakhale kusanza), nseru (ngakhale kusanza ndikotheka), kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa thupi, kutopa, kuyamwa, kusawona bwino, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala, matenda apafupipafupi (khungu, genitourinary system) dzanzi kapena kumangika mikono ndi / kapena miyendo.

Zoyambitsa zenizeni za matenda ashuga a 2

Matenda a shuga si matenda a shuga am'magazi, koma kuphwanya kwa chizindikiro cha insulin ndi leptin. Mankhwala athu samamvetsetsa bwino momwe tingagwiritsire matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Chifukwa chake, amalephera kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga ndipo ... ngakhale amachepa. Kuzindikira kwa insulin ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Zikondazo zimasowetsa timadzi timadzi m'magazi, kutsitsa glucose m'magazi. Cholinga cha kusinthika kwa insulin ndikusunga michere yambiri. Anthu amakhala ndi nthawi zamadyerero ndi njala. Makolo athu amadziwa kusungitsa michere, chifukwa ma insulin nthawi zonse amawuka mosavuta. Kuwongolera kwa insulin ya mahomoni kumatenga gawo lofunikira mu thanzi lathu komanso moyo wautali, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni sikuti ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a 2 okha, komanso matenda amtima, matenda amitsempha yamagazi, stroko, kuthamanga kwa magazi, khansa komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga, Leptin, ndi Insulin Resistance

Leptin ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a mafuta. Chimodzi mwamaudindo ake akuluakulu ndikukhazikitsa chilimbikitso cha kudya ndi thupi. Leptin amauza ubongo wathu nthawi yakudya, kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso nthawi yosiya kudya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake leptin amatchedwanso "satiety mahormoni." Osati kale kwambiri, kunapezeka kuti mbewa zopanda leptin ndiz onenepa. Momwemonso, munthu akayamba kukana leptin (yomwe imatsimikizira kuperewera kwa leptin), amayamba kulemera mosavuta. Leptin amathandizanso kulondola kwa kufalitsa kwa insulin komanso chifukwa cha kukana insulini yathu. Miyezi ya shuga m'magazi ikakwera, insulin imamasulidwa kuti isunge mphamvu. Choperewera chimasungidwa ngati glycogen (wowuma), pomwe mphamvu zambiri zimasungidwa mu mafuta, gwero lalikulu lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu la insulin sikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma kupulumutsa mphamvu zowonjezeranso zam'tsogolo. Kuthekera kwa insulin kutsitsa shuga wamagazi ndim "mbali imodzi" yamphamvu yosungirako mphamvu.

Madokotala akamayesa kuchiza matenda a shuga pomangolimbikitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, izi zitha kukhala njira zowopsa chifukwa sizilimbana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kungakhale koopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, chifukwa kumawonjezera kukana kwa leptin ndi insulin pakapita nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, zimadziwika kuti kukhudzika kwa leptin ndi insulin kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndi zakudya. Zakudya zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa matenda ashuga kuposa mankhwala kapena mankhwala aliwonse odziwika.

Fructose amathandizira kwambiri pa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Ambiri amatcha imfa yoyera ya shuga, ndipo izi sizabodza. Kuchuluka kwachulukidwe mu chakudya chokhazikika ndizomwe zimawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2. Ngakhale shuga amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi ngati mphamvu (shuga wokhazikika amakhala ndi 50% glucose), fructose imagawikana ndi zakumwa zoopsa zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la munthu.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi za fructose zalembedwa: 1) Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa uric acid, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kutupa ndi matenda ena ambiri (matenda oopsa, matenda a impso ndi chiwindi chamafuta).
2) Zimayambitsa kukana insulini, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, matenda amtima komanso mitundu yambiri ya khansa.
3) Amaphwanya kagayidwe, chifukwa chake munthu amalemera thupi. Fructose simalimbikitsa kupanga insulini, chifukwa chomwe ghrelin (mahomoni am'mimba) samapanikizika ndipo leptin (satiety hormone) simalimbikitsidwa.
4) Amatsogolera ku metabolic syndrome, kunenepa kwambiri m'mimba (mowa wam'mimba), kuchepa kwa cholesterol yabwino komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
5) Amamwa ngati ethanol, chifukwa chomwe imapangitsa chiwindi, ndipo imatha kudzetsa matenda a chiwindi osakhala mowa.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shuga amathandizidwa mosayenera?

Kulephera kwa mankhwala azikhalidwe kuteteza bwino komanso kuchiza matenda amtundu wa 2 kumayambitsa kupanga mankhwala owopsa. Rosiglitazone adapezeka pamsika mu 1999. Komabe, mu 2007, kafukufuku adasindikizidwa mu New England Journal of Medicine yolumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi 43% yowopsa ya kugunda kwa mtima komanso chiwopsezo cha 64% cha kufa ndi mtima. Mankhwala akadali pamsika. Rosiglitazone amagwira ntchito popangitsa odwala matenda ashuga kuti azisamala kwambiri ndi insulin yawo kuti azilamulira shuga. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha chiwindi, mafuta, ndi minofu ya m'magazi kupita ku insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa omwe amawonjezera insulin kapena shuga m'magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a 2. Komabe, vuto ndiloti matenda ashuga si matenda a shuga. Muyenera kuchiza matenda a shuga osayang'ana pa chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga (shuga), koma pitani ku chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Pafupifupi 100% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2 amatha kuthandizidwa popanda mankhwala. Mumangofunika kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikutsatira zakudya.
Malangizo a kadyedwe koyenera komanso moyo womwe ungathandize kuchiritsa matenda a shuga a 2

Pali njira zambiri zothandiza zomwe zingakulitse chidwi chathupi kuti insulin ndi leptin. Njira zinayi zosavuta zimakulolani kuti muchiritse bwino matenda ashuga a 2.

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse - iyi ndiyo njira yachangu kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera insulin ndi leptin.
Chotsani chimanga, shuga, makamaka fructose ku zakudya zanu. Nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuchiza matenda a shuga chifukwa cha zinthu izi. M'pofunika kusiyiratu mashupi ONSE omwe amapezeka muzakudya - ngakhale amoyo "athanzi" (athunthu, achilengedwe ngakhalenso omwe amaphukira). Osamadya mkate, pasitala, chimanga, mpunga, mbatata ndi chimanga. Mpaka pomwe shuga m'magazi anu afika pamlingo woyenera, muyenera kupewa zipatso.
Idyani zakudya zambiri zomwe zili ndi mafuta omega-3 acids.
Tengani mankhwala osokoneza bongo. M'matumbo mwanu muli zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri. Mabakiteriya abwino (ophera tizilombo) opezeka m'matumbo, amalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi komanso thanzi labwino.

Vitamini D ndikofunikira popewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga

Popita maphunziro ambiri, zidawonetsedwa kuti vitamini D amakhudza pafupifupi khungu lililonse m'thupi lathu. Ma Receptor omwe amayankha mavitamini D apezeka pafupifupi mitundu iliyonse ya anthu. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti amayi amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba mwa mwana wawo mwakukula kwa mavitamini D asanafike komanso panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Vitamini D yawonetsedwa kuti imapondaponda maselo ena a chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga 1.

Kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa pakati pa 1990 ndi 2009 adawonetsanso kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa vitamini D wambiri komanso kuchepa kwa matenda a shuga a 2, limodzi ndi matenda amtima komanso matenda a metabolic.

Zolondola, khungu la anthu ambiri liyenera kuwonekera pakulowera dzuwa pafupipafupi. Kuwonetsedwa mwachindunji kwa UV kumabweretsa kuphatikizidwa kwamagulu 20,000 a vitamini D patsiku. Muthanso kumwa mankhwala othandizira okhala ndi vitamini D3, koma musanayang'ane mavitamini owonjezera a labotale.

Zakudya zomwe zimachiritsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndiwosapeeka komanso ndi matenda omwe angathe kuchitika omwe amachitika chifukwa chosavomerezeka ndi leptin komanso kusagwirizana ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga ayenera kuthandizidwa pobwezeretsa chidwi chathu ku insulin ndi leptin. Zakudya zoyenera pamodzi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi zimatha kubwezeretsa kupanga leptin komanso kutulutsa insulin. Palibe mankhwala omwe alipo omwe angakwaniritse izi, chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga uyenera kuthandizidwa ndikusintha moyo.

Kuwunika kwa meta kwa mayeso 13 osasankhidwa mwachisawawa okhudza anthu opitilira 33,000 kunawonetsa kuti kuchiza matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi mankhwala sikungothandiza, komanso koopsa. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amathandizidwa ndimankhwala ochepetsa shuga, amatha kuwonjezera ngozi yakufa ndi matenda amtima.

Muyenera kuchiza matenda a shuga ndi zakudya zoyenera. Tsoka ilo, malangizo omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse azakudya kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatsikira mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zochepa zamafuta. M'malo mwake, ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, zakudya zosiyana ndizomwe zimagwira.

Zakudya zopezeka ndi zovuta zam'magazi zimaphatikizapo nyemba, mbatata, chimanga, mpunga, ndi zinthu monga chimanga. Kuti mupewe kukana insulini, muyenera kupewa zakudya zonsezi (kupatula nthano). Anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 ayenera kusiya kudya shuga ndi zinthu monga chimanga, m'malo mwake aziphatikiza mapuloteni, masamba obiriwira komanso mafuta abwino. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatula fructose, womwe ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wa shuga, kuchokera muzakudya.

Zakumwa zokhazokha za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zingakulitse vuto lanu la matenda ashuga ndi 25%! Ndikofunikanso kuti musamadye zakudya zopukutidwa. Zakudya zonse za fructose ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 25 g patsiku. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kudya kwanu kwa fructose mpaka 15 g kapena kuchepera, chifukwa mulimonsemo mupeza magwero "obisika" a chakudya chilichonse chokonzedwa.

Matenda a shuga si matenda a m'mwazi wambiri, koma kuphwanya kwa chizindikiro cha insulin ndi leptin. Miyezi yambiri ya insulini sikuti ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga okha, komanso matenda amtima, matenda amitsempha yamagazi, stroko, kuthamanga kwa magazi, khansa komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a shuga amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena shuga m'magazi (osaganizira zomwe zimayambitsa), mankhwala ambiri amatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Kudziwitsidwa ndi dzuwa kumalonjeza pakubweza komanso kupewa matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa mavitamini D okwanira komanso chiopsezo chocheperako cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, matenda amtima komanso matenda a metabolic.

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, pazaka 50 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kwachulukanso kasanu ndi kawiri. Mmodzi mwa anthu anayi aku America ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena prediabetes. Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda omwe atha kupewedwa mosavuta. Matenda a 2 a shuga amatha kuchiritsidwa 100% mwa kusintha kosavuta komanso kosalira mtengo. Lamulo lofunikira kwambiri ndikuchotsa shuga (makamaka fructose) ndi zinthu zopanda pake kuchokera kuzakudya za wodwalayo.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

M'mayiko ambiri, matendawa ali m'matenda osiyanasiyana chifukwa chitukuko chake chimakhala chobadwa nawo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimadalira mtundu wake:

1. Mtundu woyamba. Mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, 10% amapezeka ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Matendawa amakula mwa ana pomwe zikondamoyo sizigwira ntchito. Sizimatulutsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Wodwalayo amafuna jekeseni wosalekeza ndi insulin.
2. Mtundu wachiwiri. Matendawa amakula chifukwa cha zomwe mwapeza. Izi ndichifukwa chamakhalidwe olakwika. Ochiritsa aku China amakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a Bile ndi Slime. Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amakula molingana ndi magawo awiri a "kutentha" kapena "kuzizira". Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndizambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zonunkhira, zakudya zamafuta kapena mowa.

Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga pakatikati pa mankhwala aku China "Bai Yun" chitani kafukufuku. Zimaphatikizapo kafukufuku wodwala, kufufuza mozama. Kutengera ndi zomwe akumana nazo, adotolo azindikira momwe matendawo angayambire.

Type 2 shuga mellitus ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• kusowa kwa chakudya
• kugona kusokonezedwa
• kuphika kwamkodzo
• kusanza
• malungo
• kudzimbidwa
• kukoma kowawa mkamwa.

Sizizindikiro zonsezi zimawonedwa mwa munthu wodwala. Kuti adziwe mtundu wa matenda, dokotala amayeza matenda am'mimba. Zimathandiza kuphunzira momwe ziwalo zamkati zimathandizira ndikumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kusowa kwa mphamvu m'thupi la wodwalayo.