Ikani inshuwaransi yatsopano: kanthu, kapangidwe kake ndi wopanga
Mayina apadziko lonse. Insulin.
Kupanga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa. Zomwe zimagwira ndi insulin. Jekeseni wa jekeseni (1 ml ya mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito ya 40 PIECES) ya 10 ml m'mabotolo.
- Zotsatira za pharmacological
- Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito
- Contraindication
- Zotsatira zoyipa
Mlingo. Kusankha kwa mlingo ndi mawonekedwe a insulini zimatengera mtundu, kuuma ndi machitidwe a matendawa, nthawi yakusanate komanso nthawi yayitali yotsitsa shuga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, insulini imalembedwa ndipo mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa umatsimikiziridwa kuchipatala. Mlingo umodzi woyamba wa insulin wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe sanalandiridwepo kale ndi insulin amawerengedwa molingana ndi momwe ambiri alili, glycemia ndi glucosuria tsiku lililonse, komanso kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amangopezekanso popanda matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis omwe amakhala ndi glycemia indices mpaka 8.33-8.88 mmol / L, mlingo woyambirira ungawerengeredwe kutengera mtundu wa insulin wa 0,25 U / kg ya thupi la wodwalayo. Kuwongolera maphunziro a glycemia pambuyo pobayira jakisoni woyamba wa insulin amachitika panthawi yake. Kutengera kuopsa kwa hypoglycemic zotsatira zoyambira za mankhwala, mlingo wotsatira umatsimikizika motsimikiza. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngati wodwalayo akudziwa, shuga (shuga) amadzilowetsa mkatikati, osadziwa kanthu - njira yatsopano ya glucose kapena intramuscularly kapena subcutaneous glucagon. Kuyimitsidwa kwa zinc-insulin kuyenera kugwedezeka kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito ndikuperekera jakisoni pambuyo patolera.
Zotsatira zoyipa. Boma la hypoglycemic limodzi ndi njala, kufooka, thukuta, kutuluka kwa milomo, lilime, thupi kugwedezeka, chizungulire, palpitations, hypoglycemic chikomokere, matupi awo sagwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso / kapena chilengedwe, pamalo a jakisoni - hypertrophic kapena atrophic lipodystrophy, pulayimale kapena puloteni ya cell.
Contraindication pakugwiritsa ntchito Novo Nordisk insulin. Hypoglycemic zinthu, hypersensitivity mankhwala. Insulin imayikidwa mosamala mu odwala matenda a shuga komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Panthawi ya matenda a shuga, matenda ashuga, matendawa, matenda opatsirana, kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa nthawi yayitali kumachotsedwa pa nthawi ya opaleshoni yamankhwala ndikupereka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.
Malangizo apadera. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia posamutsa wodwala kuchokera ku insulin yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, mlingo wa insulin yomwe wangopanga kumene uyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ndi zofunika za insulin pansipa 40, chiwopsezo ndichoperewera. Ngati Mlingo wapamwamba wa insulini ukufunika, kuwonetsetsa wodwala ndikofunikira ndipo mlingo umachepetsedwa ndi 20% poyambira posamutsa wodwala kuchokera ku insulin yokhazikika kupita ku monocomponent ya nkhumba. Kusintha kumitundu yosakanikirana ya insulin kapena bovine monocomponent insulin itha kutsagana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mlingo wochepa. Mukasamutsa odwala kupita ku insulin ya anthu, mlingo sasintha ngati wodwalayo adalowetsedwa ndi insulin kukonzekera, koma amathandizidwa ndikamachotsa kuchokera ku insulin yosakanikirana kapena inshuwaransi ya bovine. Glucagon, adrenergic agonists, phenothiazine, salicylates, butadione, glucocorticoids, pakamwa kulera, mankhwala a posterior pituitary, mahomoni a chithokomiro, mankhwala a gasi, thiazide diuretics, furosemide ofooketsa hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin, ndi beta-adrenocide in insulin. mowa wa ethyl, othandizira pakamwa antidiabetes - limbitsani. Insulin imawonjezera mphamvu yotsutsa-chifuwa chachikulu cha PASK. Mukasakaniza insulin kukonzekera kwakanthaŵi ndi insulin yochepa, yotsirizirayo imayenera kukokedwa mu syringe yoyamba. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza kukonzekera kwa insulin ya asidi-sungunuka komanso kuphatikiza anthu, komanso phosphate yokhala ndi ma insulin ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa zinc-insulin.
Wopanga NOVO NORDISK, Denmark.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin "Nordisk" yatsopano pokhapokha malinga ndi dokotala, malangizo ndi omwe angakuthandizeni!
Zochita
Omwe amagawana kwambiri pakampaniyo: Capital Group Communications (12.4% ya magawo wamba), Novo AS (10.6% ya magawo wamba). Kutukuka koyambirira kwa Novembara 2009 - $ 32.2 biliyoni.
Wapampando wa Board of Directors - Stan Sheybe (Sten scheibye), Purezidenti - Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen.
Zochita kusintha |Novo Nordisk - Insulin
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: Ryzodeg® Ryzodeg ®
Dzinalo: Insulin Degludek ndi insulin Aspart
Machitidwe Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi insulin yodalira - Degludek ndi insulin yochepa - Aspart.
Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndiwotalikirapo kuposa maola 24.
Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Ryzodeg amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 ngati monotherapy kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala otsitsa shuga a mkamwa. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, Ryzodeg amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa kapena yapamwamba kwambiri.
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk (Denmark)
Mutu: Tresiba®, Tresiba®
Dzinalo: Degludek
Machitidwe Owonjezera akuchita insulin kukonzekera.
Ndi analogue ya insulin yamunthu.
Kuchita kwa Degludek ndikuti kumawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi minofu yamafuta ndi minofu ya minofu, pambuyo poti insulini imangiriza zolandilira maselo awa. Kuchita kwachiwiri ndikufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chiwindi.
(zina ...)
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Dzinalo: Novorapid® (insulin aspart), NovoRapid ®
Zopangidwa: Mu 1 ml ya mankhwala muli: yogwira mankhwala: insulin aspart 100 UNITS yopangidwa ndi njira yobwereza DNA biotechnology mu mavuto a Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Machitidwe NovoRapid ndi analogue yaifupi yochepa yogwira insulin yopangidwa ndi recombinant DNA biotechnology pogwiritsa ntchito Saccharomyces cerevisiae kupsinjika komwe amino acid proline m'malo a B28 m'malo mwake ndi aspartic acid.
Imalumikizana ndi cholandirira chapadera pa cytoplasmic membrane wa maselo ndikupanga insulini-receptor zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa njira zamkati, kuphatikiza kapangidwe kazinthu zingapo za enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, etc.).
Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake kakang'ono kwambiri, kukweza kwa minofu, kukondoweza kwa lipogenesis, glycogenogeneis, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chiwindi, etc.
Kulowetsedwa kwa amino acid proline pamalo a B28 okhala ndi aspartic acid mu NovoRapid kukonzekera kumachepetsa chizolowezi chopanga ma molekyulu kupanga hexamers, yomwe imawonedwa mu yankho la insulin wamba. Motere, NovoRapid imatengedwa mwachangu kuchokera kumafuta amkati ndipo imayamba kuchita zinthu mwachangu kuposa insulin yamunthu.
NovoRapid amachepetsa shuga wamagazi kwambiri maola 4 atatha kudya kusiyana ndi insulin yaumunthu. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1, amachepetsa shuga a m'magazi am'mimba ndipo amadziwika ndi NovoRapid, poyerekeza ndi insulin yaumunthu.
(zina ...)
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: Levemir ®, Levemir ®
Dzinalo: Chinsinsi cha insulin
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa muli: yogwira insulin - mankhwala a 100 PISCES, zotupa: mannitol, phenol, metacresol, nthaka acetate, sodium chloride, disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, madzi a jekeseni.
Machitidwe Levemir ® imapangidwa ndi mtundu wa DNA womwe umapangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Ndi sungunuka woyambira wa insulin wa munthu wautali wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo akuchitapo kanthu.
Mawonekedwe a mankhwala Levemir Flexpen amasiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi isofan-insulin ndi insulin glargine.
Kuchita kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mankhwala a Levemir ndi chifukwa chodziyimira pawokha wamankhwala ophatikizira insulini pamalo opangira jakisoni komanso kumangidwa kwa mamolekyulu a mankhwalawa kuti aletse albin mogwirizana ndi mbali yamafuta am'magazi.
(zina ...)
Dzinalo: Protofan®, Protaphane® HM
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni uli ndi biosynthetic ya insulin ya anthu 100 IU.
Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonjezera mayamwidwe ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ndi glycogenogeneis, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chiwindi.
Imalumikizana ndi cholandirira china kumtundu wakunja wamaselo ndikupanga insulini yolandirira. Mwa kuyambitsa kaphatikizidwe ka cAMP (m'maselo amafuta ndi maselo a chiwindi) kapena kulowa mwachindunji mu cell (minofu), insulini yolandirira insulin imapangitsa njira zina, kuphatikizira
kaphatikizidwe angapo ofunikira a michere (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, etc.).
Kutsika kwa shuga wamagazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake ka chidwi, kuchuluka kwa zotupa, kukondoweza kwa lipogenesis, glycogenogeneis, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa shuga ndi chiwindi (kuchepa kwa kuphwanya glycogen), ndi zina zambiri.
Dzinalo: Actrapid HM, Actrapid HM
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Kupanga:
- 1 ml muli - 40 PIERES kapena 100 PISCES.
- Zogwira ntchito - chinthu chofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu. Njira yothetsera kulowerera ndale (pH = 7.0) ya jakisoni (30% amorphous, 70% crystalline).
Machitidwe Ili ndi mtundu wopangidwira. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo: mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayamba patatha mphindi 30. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pakati pa maola 2,5-5 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha maola 8.
(zina ...)
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Dzinalo: Ultralente MC®, Ultralente MC®
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa muli 40 kapena 100 magawo. Yogwira pophika mankhwala ndi crystalline zinc kuyimitsidwa monocomponent ng'ombe insulin.
Machitidwe Wautali komanso wapamwamba wokhala akuchita insulin. Kuyamba kwa ntchitoyi ndi maola 4. Kuchuluka kwake ndi maola 10-30. Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu ndi maola 36.
Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Shuga mellitus, mtundu I (wodwala insulin-wodwala), matenda a shuga, mtundu II (osagwirizana ndi insulin): gawo la kukana (kukana) kwa mankhwala amkamwa (pakamwa) a hypoglycemic (kutsitsa shuga m'magazi), kukana pang'ono izi mankhwalawa (kuphatikiza mankhwala), mogwirizana (kupukusira njira ya matenda a shuga a mellitus), maopareshoni (chithandizo chamankhwala amodzi / mankhwala amodzi kapena mankhwala osakanikirana), pakati (ngati chithandizo cha zakudya sichithandiza).
(zina ...)
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: Ultratard® HM, Ultratard® HM
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni uli ndi biosynthetic ya nthaka ya insulin crystalline 40 kapena 100 IU, mu 10 ml mbale.
Machitidwe Ultratard HM ndi wokonzekereratu insulin. Kuchitika kwa maola 4 pambuyo subcutaneous makonzedwe. Kuchuluka kwake kuli pakati pa maola 8 ndi 24. Kutalika kwa ntchito ndi maola 28.
Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Mtundu I shuga.
- Type IIabetes mellitus: gawo la kukana kwa mankhwala am'mlomo a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono kwa mankhwalawa (kuphatikiza mankhwala), matenda omwe amagwirizana, opaleshoni (mono- kapena mankhwala osakanikirana), pakati (ngati chithandizo cha zakudya sichithandiza).
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa muli 40 kapena 100 magawo. Yogwira ntchito ya mankhwala ndi crystalline zinc kuyimitsidwa wa oyera mtima insulin.
Machitidwe Kuyimitsidwa kwa Zinc kwa insulin yoyeretsa yayitali kwambiri. Kuyamba kwa ntchitoyi ndi maola 4. Kuchuluka kwake ndi maola 10-30. Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu ndi maola 36.
Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Insulin yodalira matenda a shuga a insellus, osadalira insulini-wodwala: )
(zina ...)
Dzinalo: Mikstard® 30 NM, Mixtard® 30 HM
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni uli ndi - biosynthetic human insulin 100 IU (sungunuka insulin 30% ndi isofan-insulin kuyimitsidwa 70%).
Machitidwe Mikstard 30 NM ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa biosynthetic human isofan insulin ya biphasic kanthu.
Kukhazikika kwa mphindi 30 pambuyo pakuyendetsa makina. Kuchuluka kwa zochita kumachitika pakati pa maola awiri ndi maola 8. Kutalika kwa nthawi mpaka maola 24.
Mbiri yamachitidwe a insulin ndi pafupifupi: zimatengera mlingo wa mankhwalawo ndikuwonetsa mikhalidwe yake.
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: NovoMix ®, NovoMix ®
Dzinalo: Insulin aspart biphasic
Zopangidwa:
- 1 ml ya mankhwala ali:
- yogwira mankhwala: insulin aspart 100 UNITS (1 UNIT imafanana 35 μg wa anulinrous insulin aspart),
- excipients: mannitol, phenol, metacresol, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, disodium phosphate dihydrate, protamine sulfate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, madzi a jakisoni.
Machitidwe Hypoglycemic wothandizira, kuphatikiza kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yapakati insulin.
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: Monotard® MC, Monotard® MC
Machitidwe Kutalika kwapakati insulin. Pambuyo pakuyendetsa kwapansipansi, kuyambika kwa zochitika kumachitika, pafupifupi, pambuyo pa mphindi 120-150. Nthawi yayitali yochita ndi maola 7 mpaka 15, ndipo pazotheka ndi maola 24.
Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga 1 kuphatikiza ndi insulin yochepa kapena yapamwamba kwambiri. Type 2 shuga mellitus ofuna chithandizo cha insulin limodzi ndi othandizira a hypoglycemic kapena ngati monotherapy.
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk
Mutu: Monotard HM®, Monotard® HM
Machitidwe Insulin ndi mainjiniya awiri okhala chibadwa cha anthu. Kutalika kwapakati insulin. Pambuyo pakuyendetsa kwapansipansi, kuyambika kwa zochitika kumachitika, pafupifupi, pambuyo pa mphindi 120-150. Nthawi yayitali yochita ndi maola 7 mpaka 15, ndipo pazotheka ndi maola 24.
Opanga Insulin (Novonordisk)
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga, motero, shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, moyo wa wodwalayo, komanso nthawi yayitali, zimatengera makulidwe a insulin mthupi, komanso mtundu wa mankhwala.
Si chinsinsi kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo abwino amatha kuyambitsa kupanga magazi mthupi la wodwala, komwe kumakhudza zochita zina zomwe zimayipitsanso thanzi komanso kusokoneza chithandizo.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi lingaliro lochepetsa kulemera komanso kutsatira zakudya zosamalitsa, kuthetsa kumwa kwambiri mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zamafuta.
Ngati palibe kusintha kwathanzi, mankhwala amalembedwa omwe zochita zake zimachepetsa shuga m'magazi.
Ngati izi sizikuthandizira kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, insulin imayikidwa.
Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti shuga ndi insulin sizingafanane, ndipo kupambana kwa chithandizo kumatengera mtundu wa mankhwalawo, omwe, amatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu ndi wopanga.
M'dziko lathu, limaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olembedwa mu Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russian Federation kuchitira matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mankhwala a opanga otsogolera.
Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mmodzi mwa opanga kwambiri mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, osatengera mtundu wake, komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi vuto la metabolic, ndi kampani Novo Nordisk (Denmark).
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Novonordisk ndi mtsogoleri pakati pa omwe amapanga insulin. Mbiri ya kampani ili ndi zaka 90: chikondwererochi chikungokondwerera mchaka cha 2013. Zochita zake zidayamba ndendende ndikutulutsidwa kwa insonordiskisk insulin, mothandizidwa ndi moyo wa mamiliyoni a odwala omwe adapulumutsidwa, zikhalidwe za moyo wonse, ntchito, kuphunzira, ukwati ndi kubadwa kwa mwana zidapangidwa.
M'dziko lathu, Novo Nordisk adadziwika kuyambira chiyambi cha makumi asanu ndi amodzi cha zaka zapitazi. Kuphatikiza apo, makumi asanu ndi limodzi peresenti ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'dziko lathu omwe amafunika jakisoni amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtunduwu, omwe amadziwika ndi mtundu komanso kudalirika, chithandizo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kampani Novo Nordisk imadziwika kuti malo ofufuzira, pomwe gulu la asayansi aluso limagwira ntchito. Kunali kuno komwe kupanga insulin yaumunthu kunayambira, ndipo zolembera, zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, amapangidwanso.
Wopanganso insulini wina wodziwika bwino ndi kampani ya Hoechst (Hoechst AG), yomwe ili ku Germany ndipo ikuchita chitukuko cha mankhwala. Limodzi mwa magawo ake ochita ntchito ndikupanga mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala a shuga, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti azitha kusiyanitsa kampani yothandizira yotchedwa Aventis Pharma monga gawo la kampani ya Hoechst.
Mpaka pano, kukonzekera kochokera ku kampani ya Aventis Pharma ndikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Mazana a odwala ambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza mdziko lathu.
Ndi chifukwa chake kuti oyang'anira kampaniyo adaganiza zotsegulira ofesi yake yopanga mdziko lathu ndikuyamba kupanga insulin ya anthu ku Russia.
Mpaka pano, kampaniyo, yotchedwa Sanofi-Aventis Vostok, yakhala ikuyenda bwino ndikupanga mankhwala opangira makatoniji othandizira pambuyo pake ndi ma syringes.
Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ku Russia sikusiyana ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawa omwewo, koma opangidwa kunja, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ziphaso zoyenera zoperekedwa ndi Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Wopanga insulin wina yemwe amadziwika kwambiri mdziko lathu ndi kampani ya Eli Lilly (USA), yomwe imadziwika kuti "chimphona chachikulu cha mankhwala."
Pansi pa chizindikiro ichi, mankhwala omwe ali ndi nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amapangidwa.
Makamaka, mankhwalawa, omwe amadziwika kuti Humulin-N, ndi insulin yopangidwa ndi chibadwa cha anthu yomwe imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi munthu wathanzi.
Kampaniyo imatulutsanso insulin zazifupi komanso za ultrashort, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamsika wamayiko athu wina akhoza kupeza zokonzekera mtundu wa Eli Lilly, koma wopangidwa ku Switzerland. Ubwino wawo nthawi zonse umawonedwa ngati wapamwamba kwambiri.
Pakati pa omwe amapanga insulini odziwika ndi kampani ya ku Brazil ya Biobras S / A, kampani yopanga mankhwala kuchokera ku India Torrent ndi kampani ya ku Russia Bryntsalov A, yomwe imadziwikanso kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga m'dziko lathu. Zimangowonjezeranso kuti mankhwala aliwonse a anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amagulitsidwa m'mafakitala aku Russia amayesedwa moyenera komanso mogwirizana ndi cholinga chawo.
Tresiba: insulin yayitali kwambiri
Kwa zaka 1.5 ndili ndi matenda ashuga, ndidaphunzira kuti pali insulini zambiri. Koma pakati motalika kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira molondola, oyambira, oyambira sayenera kusankha makamaka: Levemir (kuchokera ku NovoNordisk) kapena Lantus (wochokera ku Sanofi).
Koma posachedwa, ndili ku chipatala "chakumtundu", akatswiri a ma endocrinologists adandiuza za zodabwitsa za anthu odwala matenda ashuga - Tresiba insulin wa nthawi yayitali wochokera ku NovoNordisk, yemwe wangopezeka kumene ku Russia ndipo akuwonetsa kale lonjezo lalikulu.
Ndinkadziona kuti ndine wosayenera, popeza kuyambika kwa mankhwala atsopano kunandidutsa. Madotolo adatsimikizira kuti insuliniyi imatha kukhwimitsa shuga “wopanduka” kwambiri ndikutsitsanso nsonga zazitali mwa kutembenuza chiwonetserochi kuti chikhale cholunjika.
Zachidziwikire, ndidathamangira kukawerenga nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito Google komanso madokotala omwe ndimawadziwa. Chifukwa chake nkhaniyi ili pafupi wapamwamba wazitali insulin Treshiba.
Zaka zingapo zapitazi adadziwika ndi mpikisano wamankhwala opanga ma insulin atali, okonzeka kufinya podium utsogoleri wopanda mabungwe wa wogulitsa bwino kwambiri padziko lonse kuchokera ku Sanofi. Tangolingalirani izi kwa zaka zoposa khumi Lantus anali woyamba mu gulu loyambira insulin.
Osewera ena pamunda samangololedwa chifukwa chotetezedwa ndi dzina la wapolisiyo. Tsiku loyambira patenti lidayamba chaka cha 2015, koma Sanofi adapeza phindu mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2016 pomaliza mgwirizano wamgwirizano ndi Eli Lilly kuti apatsidwe ufulu wokhala nawo wokha wokhala ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wa Lantus.
Makampani ena amawerengera masiku mpaka patent itatha mphamvu zake kuyamba kupanga zochuluka zamagetsi. Akatswiri akuti posachedwapa, msika wa insulin yayitali usintha kwambiri. Mankhwala atsopano ndi opanga adzaoneka, ndipo odwala ayenera kusankha izi. Pamenepa, kutuluka kwa Tresiba kunachitika nthawi yake.
Ndipo tsopano pikhala nkhondo yeniyeni pakati pa Lantus ndi Tresiba, makamaka mukaganiza kuti chatsopanocho chidzafunika ndalama zochulukirapo.
Zomwe zimagwira ku Treshiba ndi bastard. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa kumatheka chifukwa cha hexadecandioic acid, yomwe ndi gawo lake, lomwe limalola kupanga mapangidwe okhazikika a ma multihexamers.
Iwo amapanga gawo lozungulira lomwe amatchedwa insulin depot, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulini mu kayendedwe kazinthu zimachitika mofanananira, popanda liwongo, kutchulidwa kwa mbiri ina ya insalins. Kufotokozera njira yovuta yamapulogalamuyi kwa ogula wamba (kutanthauza kuti), wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito fanizo lomveka bwino.
Pa tsamba lovomerezeka mutha kuwona kuyika mwaluso kwa zingwe zingapo, komwe mkanda uliwonse umakhala wamitundu yambiri, womwe, pambuyo pake, ndi nthawi yofanana imaduladula kuchokera pansi. Ntchito ya Treshiba, yotulutsa "zigawo-mikanda" yofananira ya insulin ku depos yake, imawoneka ngati yofanana, ikupereka magazi mosalekeza komanso mofananirana.
Ndi makina amenewa omwe adapereka nthaka makamaka kwa okonda kwambiri a Treshiba kuti ayerekeze ndi pampu ngakhale ndi insulin yanzeru. Inde, zonena ngati izi sizopitirira kungokopa molimba mtima.
Tresiba akuyamba chitani pakatha mphindi 30-90 ndi imagwira mpaka maola 42. Ngakhale nthawi yayitali kwambiri yochitapo kanthu, pochita Treshib iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Kamodzi patsiku, monga Lantus wodziwika bwino.
Odwala ambiri amafunsa kuti mphamvu yowonjezera insulin ikatha maola 24, ngati mankhwalawo amasiya "michira" yake ndi momwe izi zimakhudzira maziko onse. Zonena ngati izi sizipezeka muzinthu zovomerezeka ku Tresib.
Koma madokotala amafotokozera kuti, monga lamulo, odwala amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi Tresib poyerekeza ndi Lantus, kotero, mlingo wake umachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Ndi mlingo woyenera, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwino komanso mwachidziwikire, choncho palibe chifukwa chakuwerengera "michira" iliyonse.
Chofunikira kwambiri ku Treshiba ndi chotsimikizika mbiri, yosabisa mosabisa. Imagwira ntchito "konkriti yolimbitsa" yomwe imapangitsa kuti malo osanja azikhala.
Pachilankhulo chamankhwala, kusinthasintha kwamwano kotereku kwa mankhwala kumatchedwa kusiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha mayeso azachipatala adapezeka kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa Treshiba kuli kotsika kanayi kuposa kwa Lantus.
| State of equilibrium m'masiku 3-4 |
Kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Tciousba, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino. Izi zitha kutenga nthawi. Ndi mlingo woyenera, pakatha masiku 3-4 khola la insulin " kufanana ("Steady state"), yomwe imapereka ufulu winawake malinga ndi nthawi yoyambitsa Treshiba. Wopanga akutsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa amatha kutumikiridwa panthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku, ndipo izi sizingakhudze momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Komabe, madokotala amalimbikitsa kutsatira dongosolo lokhazikika ndikuwuperekera mankhwalawo nthawi yomweyo kuti asasokonezedwe ndi zovuta za jakisoni komanso kuti asapeputse "gawo lofanana".
Tresiba kapena Lantus?
Nditadziwa za zodabwitsa zaku Treshiba, nthawi yomweyo ndidawafunsa mafunso omwe ndimawadziwa. Ndinali ndi chidwi ndi chinthu chachikulu: ngati mankhwalawa ali abwino kwambiri, bwanji aliyense samatembenukira kwa iwo? Ndipo ngati ndikunena zoona, ndi ndani wina amene amafunika Levemir? Koma zonse, zimapezeka, sizophweka.
Palibe chodabwitsa kunena kuti aliyense ali ndi matenda awo a shuga. Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri ya mawu. Chilichonse ndichokhazokha mwakuti palibenso njira zoyenera zopangira. Choyimira chachikulu pakuwunika bwino kwa "insulin coating" ndicho chipukuta misozi. Kwa ana ena, jakisoni imodzi ya Levemir patsiku imakhala yokwanira kulipira bwino (inde! Pali ena).
Iwo omwe samalimbana ndi Levemire iwiri nthawi zambiri amakhutira ndi Lantus. Ndipo wina waku Lantus akumva bwino kuyambira chaka chimodzi.
Pazonse, lingaliro la kupereka izi kapena kuti insulini imapangidwa ndi adotolo, omwe amafufuza zosowa zanu ndi mawonekedwe anu ndi cholinga chokha chokwaniritsa zolinga zabwino za shuga.
| Mkangano wa insulin pakati pa Sanofi ndi Novo Nordisk. Mtunda wautali |
Wampikisano waukulu wa Treshiba anali, ndipo adzakhala Lantus. Zimafunikanso kasamalidwe kamodzi ndipo amadziwika kuti amagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Kafukufuku wofananirana pakati pa Lantus ndi Tresiba adawonetsa kuti mankhwalawa onse amagwira bwino ntchito yolimbana ndi glycemic control. Komabe, zosiyana ziwiri zazikulu zidadziwika. Choyamba Mlingo insulin pa Tresib yotsimikizika yafupika ndi 20-30%. Ndiye kuti, mtsogolomo, maubwino ena azachuma amayembekezedwa, koma pamtengo waposachedwa wa insulin, izi sizofunikira. Kachiwiri kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemia nocturnal kutsika ndi 30%. Izi zakhala mwayi waukulu wotsatsa ku Treshiba. Nkhani yakumasamba a shuga usiku ndizosokoneza munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, makamaka pakakhala kuti palibe njira yowunikira. Chifukwa chake, lonjezano loonetsetsa kuti tulo ta matenda ashuga limawoneka modabwitsa.
Tresiba imagulitsidwa m'matumba a syringe okhala ndi cartridge 300 300 Pack of 5 syringe zolembera ndalama pafupifupi 8 000 r. Ndiye kuti, mtengo wa cholembera chilichonse umapita pafupifupi 1600 p. Lantus Likukhalira 2 mtengo wotsika mtengo. Zomwe zimapangidwanso zofanana zimatengera pafupifupi 3500 r
Kuphatikiza pa kutsimikizika kogwira ntchito, mankhwala aliwonse atsopano ali ndi njira yayitali yopangira mbiri yabwino potengera kuyambitsa kwake.
Zambiri pazakugwiritsa ntchito Treshiba m'maiko osiyanasiyana ziyenera kusungidwa pang'onopang'ono: madokotala mwachizolowezi amamwa mankhwala omwe sanaphunziridwe pang'ono ndipo sathamangira kukawapereka mankhwala kwa odwala awo.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, kudana ndi Tresib kunapangidwa.
Bungwe loyima pawokha aWachijeremaniSukuluzaZabwinondiKuchita bwinomuZaumoyoChisamaliro (The Germany Institute for Quality and ufanisi mu Healthcare) idachita kafukufuku wawo, kuyerekezera zomwe Tresiba ndi omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano, adazindikira kuti insulini yatsopanoyi singadzitamandire pazabwino zina zilizonse («ayianawonjezeramtengo») Mwachidule, bwanji kulipira kangapo kwa mankhwala omwe siabwino kwambiri kuposa Lantus wakale wakale? Koma si zokhazo. Akatswiri aku Germany apezanso mavuto kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, komabe, kokha mwa atsikana. Adawonekera mwa atsikana 15 mwa 100 omwe amatenga Treshiba milungu 52. Ndi mankhwala ena, chiwopsezo cha zovuta zinali zochepa nthawi 5.
Mwambiri, m'moyo wathu wa matenda ashuga, nkhani ya kusintha basulin insulin yakhwima. Mwana akamakula komanso kukhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi Levemir, ubale wathu umayamba kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo chathu chikugwirizana ndi Lantus kapena Tresiba. Ndikuganiza kuti tizingoyenda pang'onopang'ono: tiyambira ndi zakale, ndipo tiona. Ndisunga aliyense kuti akhale ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Ndipo mulole mphamvu ikhale nanu pakukula kwa sayansi! Patuleni okonzekera kusintha kwathu ku Tresiba nkhani.
Wochedwa insulin
Wopanga: Eli Lilly Dzina: Insulin-glargine Zotsatira za insulin. Kutalika kwa insulin ndi maola 24. Zisonyezero zogwiritsira ntchito: Type 1 shuga mellitus osakanikirana ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa odwala akulu ndi ana opitilira zaka 6, matenda a shuga ...
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Dzinalo: Degludek Chitetezo cha mankhwalawa ndicho mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Ndi analogue ya insulin yamunthu.Wopanga - Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk (Denmark) Kuchita kwa Degludek ndikuti kumawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi mafuta ndi maselo a minofu ya minofu, pambuyo poti insulin imange ...
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Dzina: Wopanga Insulin-isofan - Sanofi-Aventis (France) Yopangika: 1 ml ya kuyimitsidwa kosaloledwa kwa jakisoni wa Insuman Bazal imakhala ndi insulin ya anthu (100% crystalline insulin protamine) 40 kapena 100 IU, m'mabotolo a 10 kapena 5 ml, motero Ma PC 5. Mankhwala ...
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Dzinalo: Wopanga insulin glargine - Sanofi-Aventis (France) Yopangika: 1 ml yankho lili ndi: Active glacgine - 3.6378 mg, yomwe imafanana ndi 100 ME ya insulin yaumunthu. Omwe amathandizira: m-cresol, zinc chloride, glycerol (85%), sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, madzi a jakisoni. Mankhwala ...
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Dzina: Wopanga insulin: Novo-Nordisk (Denmark) Yopanga: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa ili ndi: yogwira zinthu: insulin detemir - 100 PIECES, zotulutsa: mannitol, phenol, metacresol, nthaka acetate, sodium chloride, disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium hydroxide , hydrochloric acid, madzi a jakisoni. Zochita:
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Dzina: Wopanga Protaphane® HM - Novo-Nordisk (Denmark) Yopangika: 1 ml kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni kuli biosynthetic insulin 100 IU. Zochita za Medium-insulin kukonzekera. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera mayamwidwe ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ndi glycogenogeneis, kaphatikizidwe ...
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Wopanga - Eli-Lilly (USA) Mawonekedwe: Kuyimitsidwa kochepa kwa 30% amorphous ndi 70% crystalline insulin, kuyimitsidwa kwa zinc, pH = 6.9-7.5 Kuchita kwa insulin: Insulin (munthu) (Insulin (munthu). Hypoglycemic wothandizira, insulin wa nthawi yayitali Pambuyo pa s / c makonzedwe ake atayamba kugwira ntchito atatha maola 4, zotsatira zake zimakhala zambiri ...
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Wopanga - Novo-Nordisk (Denmark) Chipangidwe: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa ali ndi 40 kapena 100 magawo. Yogwira pophika mankhwala ndi crystalline zinc kuyimitsidwa monocomponent ng'ombe insulin. Machitidwe a insulin wa nthawi yayitali komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyamba kwa ntchitoyi ndi maola 4. Kuchuluka kwake ndi maola 10-30. Kutalika ...
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Wopanga: Novo-Nordisk (Denmark) Yopangika: 1 ml ya kuyimitsidwa kwa jekeseni imakhala ndi biosynthetic human zinc-insulin crystalline 40 kapena 100 IU, mu 10 ml mbale. Ultratard HM ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin yayitali. Kukhazikika kwa maola 4 mutatha kuyang'anira ....
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Wopanga - Indar ZAO (Ukraine) Zosakaniza: Insulin ya nkhumba. Kuyimitsidwa kwa mapiritsi a insulin - 70% crystalline zinc-insulin ndi 30% amorphous insulin. Machitidwe a insulin. Kukhazikika kwa zochita pambuyo pa maola 1-1.5 .Kutheka kwa zotsatira zoyambira pambuyo pa maola 5-7. Kutalika kwa nthawiyo ndi pafupifupi 24 ...
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Wopanga - Indar ZAO (Ukraine) Zosakaniza: Insulin monocomponent insulin. 100% crystalline zinc insulin. Zotsatira za insulin. Kukhazikika kwa chochitika pambuyo pa maola 8-10. Kuyamba kwa zotsatira zoyambira pambuyo pa maola 12-18. Kutalika kwa zochita ndi pafupifupi maola 30 mpaka 36. Njira ...
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Wopanga - ICN GALENIKA (Yugoslavia) Zosakaniza: Porcine insulin-zinc monocomponent crystalline kuyimitsidwa. Machitidwe a insulin wa nthawi yayitali komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Kuchitikaku kumayambira maola awiri pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zotsatira zake zimakhala pambuyo pa maola 8-24, kutalika konse ndi maola 28. Zizindikiro zokugwiritsidwa ntchito: ...
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Dzina: Kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin. Wopanga - Tarkhominsky Pharmaceutical Plant Polfa (Poland) Kupanga: Kukonzekera kwa chromatographically koyeretsedwa kuyambira nthawi yayitali. 1 botolo ndi 10 ml ya kuyimitsidwa muli insulin 400 kapena 800 mayunitsi. Kukula kwa nthawi yayitali. Chiyambireni chochita ...
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Wopanga - Tarkhominsky Pharmaceutical Plant Polfa (Poland) Kupanga: Kukonzekera kwa chromatographically koyeretsedwa kuyambira nthawi yayitali. 1 botolo ndi 10 ml ya kuyimitsidwa muli insulin 400 kapena 800 mayunitsi. Machitidwe a insulin. Kukhazikika kwa zochita ndi 1.5-5 maola, pazenera 12-16 maola, kutalika 24-30 ...
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Wopanga - Novo-Nordisk (Denmark) Chipangidwe: 1 ml ya mankhwalawa ali ndi 40 kapena 100 magawo. Yogwira ntchito ya mankhwala ndi crystalline zinc kuyimitsidwa wa oyera mtima insulin. Zinc kuyimitsidwa kwa oyera mtima amene akhala akuchita insulin. Kuyamba kwa ntchitoyi ndi maola 4. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi maola 10-30 ....
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Jambulani panyanja
Actrapid NM wotchuka kwambiri pa matenda a shuga. Ili ndi katundu wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imakhala yoyenera pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga.
Insulin iyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ngati mankhwala ndipo imawoneka kuti yatha. Imapanikizidwa ndi ma fanizo amakono. Koma Actrapid NM ndioyenerabe ndipo imakhalabe ndi malo ake.
Wopanga ndi kampani yaku Danish Novo Nordisk A / S.
Apidra ndikupanga makampani aku Germany a Sanofi-Aventis. Dzinalo lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi insulin glulisin. Glulisin insulin ndiye chinthu chachikulu chogwira ntchito ku Apidra. Insulin iyi ili pafupi kwambiri momwe angathere komanso kupangidwa kwa munthu wachilengedwe. Mankhwala adziwonetsa okha mu chithandizo cha matenda a shuga mwa akulu ndi ana opitilira zaka 6.
Kampani yaku Russia ya OJSC Pharmstandard imatulutsa insulini iyi m'njira yothetsera jakisoni.
Biosulin P ndi insulin yochepa yamunthu, yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DNA.
Amapereka kukana shuga m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera mayendedwe ake amkati, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chiwindi, kukulitsa kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi minofu, yolimbikitsa lipogenesis.
Insulin Lantus (Lantus) ndi m'badwo watsopano wa insulin. Chifukwa chakanthawi kochepa, yapeza kale chikondi cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Ndizopanga za kampani yaku Germany ya Sanofi-Aventis. Mankhwala abwino ochizira matenda a shuga 1, ndipo nthawi zina, lembani matenda ashuga a 2.
Insulin levemir Ndi insulin yayitali kwambiri, imatha kwa maola 12-24. Wopanga insulin, kampani Novo Nordics, imalengeza tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi palibe chilichonse chapamwamba chamankhwala ake. Pochita, zonsezi zimatengera umunthu wa thupi.
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira amatha kukhala mpaka tsiku, ndipo ndi jakisoni wa 1, muyenera kuchita kawiri pa tsiku.
Insulin iyi ili ndi yonse maubwino angapo.
NovoRapid Flexpen ndikupanga makampani aku Danish a Novo Nordisk A / S. Awa ndi mankhwala amakono pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, amadziwika kuti mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga alibe zotsatira zoyenera.
Protafan NM ndikupanga makampani aku Danish a Novo Nordisk A / S. Ichi ndi monocomponent biosynthetic human isofan-insulin kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali pochiza matenda ashuga. Protafan NM ikhoza kutchedwa chitukuko cha nthawi yayitali. Koma amapitilirabe chithandizo, ndipo ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.
Chichewa ndi analogue ya insulin yamunthu. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza milingo yamagazi. Chofunikira chake ndi insulin lispro. Amapezeka m'makalata, voliyumu 3 ml. Ena mwa opanga amapanga mankhwalawa ngati ma pensulo okonzedwa kale. Kuchokera pa analogues, Humalog Remix 25 ndi 50 zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.
Humulin NPH Pakhala mankhwala otchuka pakuchiza matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Sizingatchulidwe chifukwa cha zochitika zamakono.
Koma chifukwa cha mtundu wake wapamwamba, imapitilizabe kutchuka kwambiri. Mayiko osiyanasiyana amatulutsa mankhwalawa: India, France, Russia mogwirizana ndi France.
Wopanga wamkulu ndi kampani yaku France Eli Lilly.
Humulin Wokhazikika ndikupanga makampani aku France "Eli Lilly". Mankhwalawa adatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi mbali yabwino pakuthandizira matenda a shuga. Insulini iyi imapangidwira mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 kapena mellitus wa 2 shuga, pamene zakudya zoyenera ndi mankhwala sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Humulin Regular ndi insulin yochepa.
Insulin Yopangidwa ndi Russian mkati: mitundu
Pakadali pano ku Russia kuli anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Matendawa, monga momwe mukudziwira, amakhudzana ndi kuphwanya kwa insulin ndi maselo a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kagayidwe kamunthu m'thupi.
Kuti wodwalayo azikhala bwino, amafunika kubayira jakisoni tsiku lililonse.
Masiku ano zinthu zili choncho kuti oposa 90 peresenti ya mankhwalawa ndi achilendo omwe amapangidwa pamsika wazinthu zamankhwala - izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa insulin.
Pakadali pano, dziko lino likuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yodalitsa kuti apange mankhwala ofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, masiku ano zoyesayesa zonse zikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti insulin yakunyumba ikhale chiwongola dzanja cha mahomoni odziwika apadziko lonse lapansi.
Kumasulidwa kwa insulin yaku Russia
Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse lalimbikitsa kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi anthu opitilira 50 miliyoni adzipanga okha kupanga insulini kuti odwala matenda ashuga asamve zovuta chifukwa chabuluku.
Zaka zaposachedwa, mtsogoleri wopanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi majini mdziko muno akhala a Geropharm.
Ndi iye, yekhayo ku Russia, yemwe amapanga ma insulins apakhomo mu mawonekedwe a zinthu ndi mankhwala. Pakadali pano, insulin Rinsulin R yochepa-pang'ono ndi insulin Rinsulin NPH imapangidwa pano.
Komabe, kwakukulu, kupanga sikukhalira pamenepo. Pokhudzana ndi momwe ndale zilili mdziko muno komanso zakayikiridwa pazopanga zakunja, Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adalangiza kuti atenge nawo mbali zonse pantchito yopanga insulini ndikuwunikira mabungwe omwe alipo.
Kodi Russian insulin idzalowe m'malo mwamankhwala achilendo?
Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa akatswiri, pakadali pano dziko la Russia silikupikisana nawo kumsika wapadziko lonse wopanga insulin. Opanga zazikulu ndi makampani atatu akuluakulu - Eli-Lilly, Sanofi ndi Novo Nordisk. Komabe, zaka zopitilira 15, insulin yakunyumba itha kubwezeretsa pafupi 30-30 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mahomoni onse omwe amagulitsidwa mdziko muno.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbali yaku Russia idakhazikitsa kale ntchito yopereka dzikolo ndi insulin yake, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mayiko ena.
Kupanga kwa mahomoni kunayambitsidwa nthawi ya Soviet, koma kenako insulin yoyambira nyama inapangidwa, yomwe sinali yoyeretsa kwambiri.
Mu 90s, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuti apange kupanga mapuloteni a genetic engineering insulin, koma dzikolo linali kukumana ndi mavuto azachuma, ndipo lingaliro lidayimitsidwa.
Zaka zonsezi, makampani aku Russia adayesera kupanga mitundu yambiri ya insulin, koma zinthu zakunja zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu. Masiku ano, mabungwe omwe ali okonzeka kumasula malonda apakhomo ayamba kuonekera. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kampani ya Geropharm yomwe tafotokozazi.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kuti akamanga chomera m'chigawo cha Moscow, dzikolo lipanga mitundu yamakono yamankhwala odwala matenda ashuga, omwe pamlingo wawo amatha kupikisana ndi tekinoloje yaku Western. Mphamvu zamakono za chomera chatsopanochi ndi zomwe zilipo zimalola kutulutsa zinthu 650 kg pachaka chimodzi.
- Kupanga kwatsopano kukhazikitsidwa mu 2017. Poterepa, mtengo wa insulini udzatsika kuposa anzawo akunja. Pulogalamu yotere imathetsa mavuto ambiri pantchito ya matenda ashuga a dziko lino, kuphatikizapo zachuma.
- Choyamba, opanga azithandizira kupanga mahomoni opanga ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakupita kwa zaka zinayi, mzere wathunthu wa maudindo onse anayi udzamasulidwa. Insulin idzapangidwa m'mabotolo, makatiriji, matayala otayika komanso osinthika.
Kaya izi zilidi choncho zidzadziwika pambuyo poti pulogalamuyi ikhazikitsidwe ndikuwunika koyambirira kwa mankhwala atsopano kuwonekera.
Kodi mahomoni opanga zoweta amakhala ndiubwino wanji?
Zotsatira zoyenera komanso zosavulaza za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimawerengedwa kuti zimapangidwa ndi majini amtundu wa insulin, omwe amafanana ndi thupi ndi mahomoni oyambira.
Poyesa magwiridwe antchito komanso abwino a insulin Rinsulin N yaifupi komanso sing'anga wamba wa Rinsulin NPH, kafukufuku wasayansi adachitika omwe adawonetsa kutsika kwa shuga wamagazi mwa odwala ndi kusapezeka kwa zotsatira zoyipa nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi Russia.
Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kudziwika kuti ndizothandiza kwa odwala kudziwa momwe angatulutsire inshuwaransi ya insulin yaulere, lero izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Phunziroli lidakhudza anthu 25 odwala matenda ashuga azaka 25-58, omwe adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1. Mwa odwala 21, mawonekedwe owopsa a matendawa adawonedwa. Aliyense wa iwo tsiku lililonse amalandira mlingo woyenera wa Russian ndi insulin yakunja.
- Mlingo wa glycemia ndi glycated hemoglobin m'magazi a odwala akamagwiritsa ntchito analogue yapakhomo amakhalabe wofanana monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mahomoni opanga achilendo.
- Masautso a antibodies nawonso sanasinthe.
- Makamaka, ketoacidosis, thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuukira kwa hypoglycemia sikunachitike.
- Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mahomoni panthawi yopenyerera anali kuperekedwa m'njira imodzi ngati panthawi yovomerezeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku adachitika kuti awonetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsiso wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Rinsulin R ndi Rinsulin NPH. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yopanga zoweta ndi zakunja.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi adazindikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu yatsopano ya insulin popanda zotsatirapo zake. Poterepa, mulingo komanso mtundu wa makonzedwe amakuluwo amakhazikika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rinsulin NPH
Hormone iyi imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuchitira. Amatengedwa mwachangu kulowa m'magazi, ndipo mlingo wake umatengera mlingo, njira komanso madera oyang'anira mahomoni. Mankhwala akaperekedwa, amayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu ola limodzi ndi theka.
Mphamvu yayikulu imawonedwa pakatha maola 4 ndi 12 italowa thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi maola 24. Kuyimitsidwa ndi koyera, amadzimadzi pawokha alibe khungu.
Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, komanso amavomerezedwa kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda nthawi yapakati.
Contraindations akuphatikiza:
- Kusalolera kwa aliyense payekha kwa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chiri gawo la insulin,
- Kukhalapo kwa hypoglycemia.
Popeza mahomoni sangalowe pazotchinga, palibe zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yapakati.
Panthawi yoyamwitsa, imaloledwanso kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, komabe, pambuyo pobadwa mwana ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, ngati pakufunika, muchepetseni.
Insulin imayendetsedwa mosavuta. Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi dokotala, kutengera mtundu wa nthendayo. Wapakati tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 0,5-1 IU pa kilogalamu ya kulemera.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha komanso molumikizana ndi ma Rinsulin R.
Musanalowe mu insulin, muyenera kupukutira cartridge kangapo pakati pa kanjedza, kuti misa ikhale yopanda pake. Ngati thovu lakhazikika, ndikosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwakanthawi, chifukwa izi zingayambitse Mlingo wosalondola. Komanso, simungagwiritse ntchito timadzi tokhala ngati muli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso ma flakes ochokera kumayiko ena.
Kukonzekera kotseguka kumaloledwa kuti kusungidwe kutentha kwa madigiri 15-25 kwa masiku 28 kuyambira tsiku lotseguka. Ndikofunikira kuti insulin isungidwe kutali ndi dzuwa ndi kutentha kwina.
Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, hypoglycemia imayamba. Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kofowoka, vuto losafunikira lingathetsedwe mwa kumeza zakudya zotsekemera zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Ngati vuto la hypoglycemia ndi lalikulu, njira ya 40% ya shuga imaperekedwa kwa wodwala.
Zamoyo insulin komanso jekeseni
Mu thupi la munthu, chiwindi chimadziunjikira shuga pakudya, pamene insulin imatulutsidwa ndi kapamba kuteteza hyperglycemia. Poyankha glucagon, masitolo ogulitsa shuga amaperekedwa m'thupi kuti ateteze hypoglycemia. Maluso ofunikira a chiwindi awa sangathe kukumbukiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yovomerezeka, chifukwa pafupifupi insulini yonseyi imapangidwa ndi minofu ndi mafuta ndipo siyofika m'chiwindi.
Minofu ilibe ma glucagon receptors, chifukwa chake glucagon wovomerezeka ayenera kulimbikitsa mwachindunji zomwe chiwindi chimachita pakamasula shuga kuti athane ndi hypoglycemia.
Popanda kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ma insulin othamanga komanso okhalitsa. Mapampu a insulini komanso njira zowunikira zimathandizira kudzipenda pawokha. Komabe, kuwunika moyenera ntchito ya chiwindi kumalonjeza kupereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga 1.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rinsulin P
Mankhwalawa amagwira insulin pang'ono. M'mawonekedwe, ndizofanana ndi Rinsulin NPH. Itha kuthandizidwa mosasamala, komanso mu intramuscularly komanso kudzera m'mitsempha moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Mlingo wake umafunikanso kuvomerezana ndi adokotala.
Homoni italowa thupi, kachitidwe kake kamayamba mu theka la ola. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumawonedwa munthawi ya maola 1-3. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi maola 8.
Insulin imathandizidwa hafu ya ola lisanadye kapena kuwala pang'ono ndi chakudya china. Ngati mankhwala amodzi okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga, Rinsulin P amathandizidwa katatu patsiku, ngati kuli koyenera, mlingowo ungathe kuwonjezeka mpaka katatu pa tsiku.
Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazinthu monga mankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Contraindations imaphatikizapo kusalolera kwa mankhwalawo, komanso kukhalapo kwa hypoglycemia.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuyabwa khungu, kutupa, kumachitika kawirikawiri - kawirikawiri - anaphylactic shock.
Kodi teknoloji ya Diasome imatani?
Diasome nanotechnology yowonjezera imapanga maubwenzi olimba ndi mamolekyu a insulin omwe amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi minofu ndi mafuta ndikulola insulini iyi kuti ilowe m'chiwindi, komwe imatha kukhalabe yachilengedwe.
Zomangira zolimba izi sizichedwa kuchepa kwa insulin komanso sizimachepetsa kutalika kwa zochita. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti insulin yambiri yolowa m'chiwindi imathandizira kuthamanga ndikufupikitsa nthawiyo pamlingo.
Kampaniyo yapanga nanotechnology - chinthu, monga chowonjezera ku insulin, chomwe chimawoneka ngati cholengedwa chaching'ono cholozera chiwindi.
Nanotechnology yodziyimira pawokha yamtundu wa insulin ndipo imatha kuwonjezera chitetezo ndi ntchito zamitundu yonse. Chifukwa cha izi, wodwala aliyense azikhala ndi mwayi wobwezeretsa chiwindi mthupi mwa kayendedwe ka shuga. Izi zimagwira ntchito zama basal ndi bolus insulin zomwe zimabayidwa ndi cholembera kapena pampu.
Malinga ndi kampaniyo, iwo a Diasom amalandila mgwirizano ndi opanga ma insulin ngati Novo Nordisk ndi Eli Lilly, kotero kuti zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa ndi insulin panthawi yopanga.
Ngakhale pakadali pano chitukuko chikulephera kotero kuti ma pharmacies ndi odwala omwe amawonjezera iwo mankhwalawo.
Kafukufuku waukadaulo
Chogulitsacho chidadutsa gawo loyamba, ndikutsimikizira bwino. Kampaniyi ikulemba anthu omwe akuchita nawo gawo lachiwiri. V. Blair Gekho, MD, wamkulu wofufuza ku Diasome, adafotokoza kuti kafukufukuyu akufuna kuti awonjezere malangizo ena. Njirayi idakhazikitsidwa paziwonetsero zaposachedwa zamankhwala kuyambira gawo 2 ndi gawo 2b.
Gawo lachiwiri lipangitsa kuti kukhathamiritsa muyeso wa basal-bolus insulin chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito tekinoloji yatsopano. Kampaniyo ithandizanso kuwunika kwa zomwe zikuwonjezera kusintha kwa chiwongolero cha matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemia, ndi kufunika kwa bolus ndi basal insulin. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza odwala achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, pomwe magawo oyamba a GH ali pakati pa 6.5% ndi 8.5. % Diasome akufuna kulembetsa pafupifupi anthu makumi asanu ndi limodzi omwe azikalandira chithandizo chokwanira miyezi itatu, kenako miyezi inanso itatu ndi insulin yolimbikitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya insulin.
Douglas Machmore, MD, wamkulu wa ukadaulo wa Diasome, adati: "Monga wopanga kwambiri matenda a chiwindi otsogola mtima, tikupitiliza kuphunzira komwe insulin imayamba jekeseni chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri cha ntchito ya chiwindi m'zakudya zam'mimba" .
Diasome akukonzekera kuyambitsa mayeso a gawo 3 kumayambiriro kwa 2020 ndipo, ngati avomerezedwa, akuyembekeza kuti pofika 2022 wowonjezera adzaoneka pamsika.
Kodi opanga ena ali ndi chiyani?
Kukula kwa diasome sikuti ndi kwamtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, Eli Lilly adayesetsa kupanga zopangidwa ndi mayamwidwe ochepa mu minyewa ya adipose ndi minofu. Eli Lilly anasiya kuyesera kwawo kuti apange insulin yatsopano pamene mayesero azachipatala adawonetsa kuwopsa kwa chiwindi ndi ma enzyme.
Machitidwe a Diasome sasintha kapangidwe kake ka insulin. M'malo mwake, akuyesera kulimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mamolekyulu a insulin. Njira yopanda mankhwala iyi idapangitsa kuti ipeze chogulitsa popanda zovuta za chiwindi.
