Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana

Mwinanso, palibe matenda odziwika komanso ophunziridwa bwino kwambiri a endocrine padziko lapansi omwe sanaphunzitsidwe kwathunthu kuchiritsa - matenda ashuga, chilinganizo cha ena komanso chitsogozo chamoyo chatsopano kwa ena. Ana mu masiku amakono, matenda a shuga amapezeka pafupipafupi (achiwiri kwambiri pakati pa matenda osachiritsika) ndipo ndikofunikira kuti musamangomanganso moyo wa abale anu, komanso kusintha moyo wanu, zizolowezi ndi zakudya. Munkhaniyi muphunzira zonse zokhudza matenda a shuga a ana, mudzatha kuphunzira momwe mungawongolere ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa mwana wanu, poganizira zovuta zomwe mukudwala.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga pakati pa ana, womwe umatchedwanso matenda a shuga. Ndi matenda oopsa a autoimmune ndipo amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwakukulu kwa insulin. Ndiwobadwa nawo ndipo umapeza, umakula nthawi iliyonse, pazambiri, kuphatikiza zakudya zamakedzana komanso njira zochizira, zimafunikira jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwapamwamba kwa zaka za matenda a shuga 1 kukuchulukirachulukira - ngati kale matendawa amapezeka mwa ana osaposa zaka 7-8, tsopano milandu yodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba alemba zaka 30 ngakhale ana azaka 40.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga 1 a Ana

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 kwa ana ndikuwonongeka kwa zisumbu za Langerfeld mchira wa kapamba. Kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuchitapo kwa kachilombo ka virus. Koma nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula motsutsana ndi maziko a nkhanza ya chitetezo chamthupi. Pankhaniyi, maselo opanga insulin a kapamba amawonongeka ndi maselo a minyewa ya m'mimba, yomwe mwa nthawi yayitali imangogwira othandizira akunja. Njirayi imatchedwa "autoimmune", ndipo imatanthawuzira zimapangidwe komwe ma antibodies amapanga motsutsana ndi ma cell a thupi lanu.

Matenda a Autoimmune monga zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1

Pali matenda osiyanasiyana a autoimmune, monga chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso adrenal, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Izi zikusonyeza chiyembekezo chobadwa nacho cha matenda a autoimmune ndi dongosolo la chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

Makina oyambitsa matendawa sakudziwika kwenikweni, koma asayansi akuganiza kuti kutenga kachilombo ka kachilombo ka HIV kapena kumwa mkaka wa ng'ombe kungayambitse ntchito ya autoimmune. Ndipo iye, adzapangitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba mwa ana.

Kodi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi chiyani kwa ana?

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 wa ana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawa. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa mwadzidzidzi kufooka ndi chizungulire poyang'ana maziko a dziko lanjala kapena mukatha kudya. Glucose ndi imodzi mwamafuta amafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo amthupi pakufunika mphamvu zake. Ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje limagwiritsa ntchito shuga wokha, pomwe maselo ena ambiri amatha kusintha mafuta ndi michere ina kukhala mphamvu. Mafuta amachokera ku chakudya chamagulu amathandizira kupanga insulin, yomwe imagwira zolandilira zam'mimba ndipo imapangitsa kuti shuga azilowa mu cell. Ngati izi sizingachitike, njira zama metabolic ndi mphamvu zama cell zimasokonekera.

Magazi a shuga amadzuka, ndipo glucose amayamba kupezeka m'magazi ndi mkodzo wambiri. Pamene kugwiritsa ntchito shuga agwira ntchito kwambiri, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• ludzu lochulukirapo
• kutopa
• kukodza pafupipafupi masana ndi usiku (nocturia),
• Kuchepetsa thupi (ngakhale kuti chakudya chimakonda kuchuluka)
• kuyabwa, makamaka kumaliseche, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus,
• matenda ena apakhungu (matenda yisiti ndi furunculosis).

Ngati mumakumana ndi chilichonse mwazizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala wanu kuti akakuyezeni.

Mavuto am'banja amatengera matendawa, koma matendawa 1 ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa matenda a shuga 2.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a ana

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa shuga wa ana pafupifupi nthawi zonse chimakhudzana ndi jakisoni wambiri wa insulin ya anthu. Komanso, njira zochizira ziyenera kukhala zothetsera matenda a metabolism ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mwana.

Pazonse, chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa shuga mu ana chitha kufotokozeredwa m'ndime zotsatirazi:

• Jekeseni wokhazikika wa insulin. Amachitidwa tsiku lililonse kapena kangapo patsiku, kutengera mtundu wa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kusungabe moyo wokangalika (kuchotsedwa kwachangu).
• Kusungabe thupi labwinobwino.
• Kuthana ndi zakudya zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa chakudya chamagulu.
• Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulini ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikusintha momwe maselo amapangira mphamvu.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana amasankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala woyenera ndi endocrinologist ndipo zimatengera gawo la kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro ndi gawo la matendawa.

Kupewa kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba wa ana kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zopewa kupezeka kwa zinthu zoyipa zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa matendawa.

1. Yang'anani pazisonyezo zilizonse zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga wambiri kapena wotsika magazi.

2. Ngati muli ndi matenda, pimani glucose wanu wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito masiku amakono a shuga ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

3. Tsatirani zakudya zanu mosamala momwe mungathere.

4. Nthawi zonse khalani ndi shuga kapena shuga kuti muchiritse hypoglycemia (shuga wamagazi ochepa). Jakisoni wa Glucagon (GlucaGen) atha kukhala wofunikira kwambiri pa hypoglycemia.

5. Onaninso dokotala wanu pafupipafupi kuti ayang'anire magazi anu, mayeso am'maso, impso, ndi miyendo ndikuwunikira zizindikiro za matenda apamwamba a shuga.

6. Onani dokotala wanu koyambirira kwa matendawa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa matenda.

7. Sungani buku la matenda a shuga ”ndikujambulira zomwe muli nazo.

Etiology ndi pathogenesis a mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga mwa ana

The etiology ndi pathogenesis ya mtundu 1 wa shuga ikuwonetsa kuti kuphwanya mfundo za moyo wathanzi kumathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa zizindikiro za matendawa. Udindo wofunikira kwambiri mu mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 umaseweredwa ndimomwe amangokhala komanso kuphwanya zakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zamafuta kumathandizira kuti matendawa atukuke. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda a shuga 1, ndikofunikira kuti mutsatire mfundo za moyo wathanzi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa ngozi yakukula ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga, atherosulinosis ndi matenda a mtima, komanso kukonza thanzi lathunthu.

Pangakhale kofunikira kusintha mtundu wa insulin panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, kutengera mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita insulin kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndipo kumayambitsa hypoglycemia.

Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi fiber zambiri, zamagulu owonjezera amafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Pewani kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa (shuga) ndikuchepetsa kudya zakudya zamagulu ambiri.

Yesani kudya zakudya zomwezo tsiku lililonse. Muyenera kudya zakudya zitatu zazikuluzikulu zitatu ndi zitatu tsiku lililonse.

Ngati mukufuna kudya zakudya zanu, funsani katswiri woyenera wa zakudya kapena endocrinologist.

Pakadali pano, ndizosatheka kuteteza koyamba matendawa. Koma asayansi akuphunzira za matendawa pafupipafupi ndikupanga zowonjezera pazamankhwala ndi kuzindikiritsa.

Mavuto a mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana

Nthawi zambiri, lembani matenda ashuga 1 amapereka zovuta mu nthawi yochepa pokhapokha ngati pali chithandizo chokwanira. Ngati simutsatira malangizo a dokotala, zovuta zotsatirazi zingachitike:

1. Shuga wochepa wamagazi yemwe amapezeka ndi insulin yochulukirapo, kupumula kwakutali pakati pa chakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, matenda oopsa, kumapangitsa kuti musamagwire khungu.

2. Kusintha kosakwanira kwa insulin ndi ma cellacological kumabweretsa shuga wambiri wamagazi ndipo kungayambitse ketoacidosis.

3. Atherossteosis imachulukitsidwa mu matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo imatha kuyambitsa magazi kulowa m'miyendo (matenda ashuga), kukula kwa stroko ndi matenda amtima (angina pectoris ndi infarction ya myocardial).

4. Mavuto a matenda a impso a shuga (diabetesic nephropathy).

5. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa maso a shuga).

6. Diabetesic neuropathy (kuchepa kwa mitsempha) ndi angiopathy, zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda.

7. Kuchulukana kwadzaoneni kumatenda opatsirana.

8. Ketoacidotic, hyperosmolar, lactacidemic ndi hypoglycemic coma muukalamba kwambiri matenda.

Zakudya za matenda a shuga 1 - maziko a chithandizo

Palibe machiritso athunthu a mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Zakudya za matenda a shuga a 1 ndiye maziko a chithandizo chonse chotsatira. Pokhapokha ngati mwakonzanso zakudyazo, mutha kusintha zakukhazikika ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.

Koma ndi chithandizo choyenera, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amachepetsa kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikiza kufunika kowunikira nthawi zonse ndikukhala ndi shuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amadwala matenda oopsa amatha kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito antihypertensive mankhwala kuti achulukitse magazi.

Matenda a shuga amatsogolera ku arterial sclerosis, ndipo izi zimawonjezeka ngati wodwalayo amasuta. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha zovuta, muyenera kukhala ndikuchikhalidwe choyipa.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa ana

Pansi pa 2 matenda a shuga ana, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza osati autoimmune, koma matenda a metabolic owoneka bwino. Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin - mwakutero, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhala kwabwinobwino kapena kuwonjezereka, koma kuyanjana kwake ndi ma cell a minofu kumasokonekera. Kupanda kutero, njirayi ya metabolism ya carbohydrate metabolism imayamba kutchedwa insulin.

Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 20, madokotala amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa 2 shuga umangopezeka mwa anthu achikulire kapena azaka zapakati, popeza zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi njira yochepetsera kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, monga momwe zamakono zamankhwala ziriri

Mlingaliro lakale, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga suwodziyimira pawokha ndipo sufuna jakisoni wa mahomoni awa, koma popita nthawi komanso osapeza chithandizo choyenera, lembani matenda a shuga a 2 amapitilira gawo loyamba (maselo a beta, omwe amatsitsidwa ndi ntchito yopitilira, kusiya kupanga insulini mokwanira) .

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga ana

Chochitika chilichonse, kuphatikiza matenda, chimakhala ndi chifukwa komanso ubale - ichi ndi axiom. Komabe, matenda ashuga ndizovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti madokotala akhala akudziwa kale matenda amtunduwu, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism sizinafotokozedwebe.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ngati mtundu wa autoimmune wa shuga weniweni umafotokozedwa mukuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta. Asayansi aphunzira momwe amawonongera - maselo a protein, omwe ndi njira yoyendetsera zinthu mu manjenjenje, chifukwa cha etymology chosadziwika chomwe chimalowa mu chotchinga cha magazi ndikulowetsa magazi. Chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe sichimadziwika ndi zinthu ngati izi (chotchinga chomwe chatchulidwa munthawiyo sichilola kuti ziwalo zamkati zidutsenso thupi lonse), zimayamba kuwukira mapuloteni posiyanitsa ndi ma antibodies ena. Chifukwa chake, maselo a beta momwe insulin imapangidwira amakhala ndi zofanana ndi ma cell aubongo omwe afotokozedwera pamwambapa ndipo amawonongekanso chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi, pang'ono kapena kupewera kapamba konse kuthekera kotulutsa timadzi tofunikira kwambiri.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyambika motere ndi cholocha komanso kusamutsa majini ofanana kuchokera kwa kholo kudwala kupita kwa mwana ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga kumapeto ndi 10 peresenti. Kuphatikiza apo, "choyambitsa" chowonjezera cha kupangika kwamavuto chimatha kukhala kupanikizika pafupipafupi, ma virus (makamaka rubella ndi mtundu wa Koksaki), komanso zinthu zakunja - kumwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala angapo (streptozocin, poyizoni wakupha, etc.), wokhala mwa zina. magawo a anthu (matenda ashuga sawagawananso mosiyanasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa madera okhala komweko kungasiyane ka 5-10 nthawi).

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri nawonso ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, komwe "wowononga" wa kagayidwe kazakudya sikumaperewera kwa insulini (chomalizacho chimapangidwa nthawi zambiri kapenanso pamwamba pake), koma osayamwa bwino ndi matupi ake. Pankhaniyi, matenda a shuga amayamba pang'onopang'ono, komanso chifukwa cha majini ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kukhale kwachikulire. Ngakhale zaka 30 zapitazo ankakhulupirira kuti palibenso mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga omwe umadziyimira pawokha ana (motsutsana, ana a mtundu woyamba wa shuga adakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomwe amapezeka ndi matendawa). wazaka.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana

Chimodzi mwamavuto ofunikira a shuga kwa mwana nthawi isanayambike zovuta zina ndi kusowa kwazidziwitso / zodziwikiratu zazina / zizindikiro za matendawa adakali aang'ono. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi mwayi pamiyeso kapena kuwonetsa kwambiri kwa hyper / hypoglycemia kale kuchipatala.

Mu makanda

Kuyambira pa zero mpaka chaka chamoyo, ndizovuta kudziwa zowoneka mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga kuwonetseredwa mpaka kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za pachimake (kuchepa thupi, kuledzera ndi kusanza). Mwa zizindikiro zosadziwika - kusowa kwa kulemera ndi kupita patsogolo kwa dystrophy (pankhani ya chakudya chokwanira), kulira pafupipafupi popanda chifukwa, komwe kumatha pambuyo p kumwa. Komanso, mwana amasokonezedwa ndi kukhuthala kwakukula m'malo obisika, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuthandizika ndi mankhwala aliwonse, mkodzo umatha kusiya zinthu zomata, ndipo ma diapp pambuyo pokoka ukayamba kuuma, ngati kuti wasowa.

Mu sukulu zamkati, pasukulu, ana a sukulu

1. Kusowa kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono, kusokonekera pafupipafupi masana komanso kusanza, kugona kwamkodzo usiku.
2. Ludzu lakuya, kuchepa thupi.
3. Matenda amtundu wa pakhungu mwa anyamata ndi candidiasis mwa atsikana.
4. Anachepetsa chidwi, kusinthasintha ndi kusakwiya.

Zizindikiro zopweteka za shuga m'gululi la ana zimaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, kulephera kupuma (kawirikawiri, yunifolomu yokhala ndi mpweya wamkokomo / mpweya), kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa, kuthamanga kwambiri, kutupa kwa malekezero ndi magazi ake osayenda bwino komanso kuwonongeka kwa magazi - kuchokera pachisokonezo mpaka kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga zikupezeka, muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu!

Mu achinyamata

Kuphatikiza pa zisonyezo zomwe zili pamwambanda, achinyamata amakhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga chifukwa cha "kusenda" kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika posachedwa (nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndimatenda osafunsidwa komanso matenda amitsempha), koma ngati mwana wanu watopa msanga, amakhala ndi mutu wokhazikika komanso pafupipafupi akumafuna kudya maswiti ( zochita za thupi ndi hypoglycemia), kupweteka kwapweteka m'mimba ndi mseru, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe am'mbuyo - uwu ndi mwayi wofufuza wa endocrinologist.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2 mu ana otha msinkhu

Kusintha kwa mphamvu kwa mahomoni m'thupi nthawi yakutha msinkhu (asungwana 10-16 ndi anyamata azaka 12-18) kumatha kuyambitsa minyewa ya insulin kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati mwana ali wonenepa kwambiri.

Mwana wanu ali ndi kulemera kochulukirapo kwam'mimba, matenda oopsa, kukanika kapena kukoka pafupipafupi, matenda opatsirana mosalekeza osiyanasiyana a m'magazi osiyanasiyana, cholesterol yayikulu ndi triglycerides m'magazi, komanso zovuta za chiwindi (mafuta a hepatosis) kuphatikiza chachikulu, mafuta owonjezera, matenda a shuga 1 ngati? Ndizotheka kuti izi zimayambitsa matenda amitundu iwiri.

Zizindikiro

Gawo loyamba pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi kuwunikira kwa mawonetseredwe azizindikiro zakunja, gulu la mbiri ya moyo, komanso mayeso odutsa:

1. Magazi a glucose - amaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso ndi muyeso wa 75 magalamu a shuga. Ngati 5.5 mmol / l (pamimba yopanda kanthu) ndi 7 mmol / l (katundu pakatha maola 1-2 pambuyo poyendetsa glucose), shuga amakayikiridwa.
2. Magazi pa hemoglobin ya glycated. Gogcose -ogwirizira hemoglobin ndi chimodzi mwazidziwitso zolondola kwambiri zakupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Ndi zotsatira zapamwamba 6.5 peresenti, kuwunika kwa matenda ashuga kumawerengedwa.

Gawo lachiwiri la njira zodziwira pofufuza ndikusankha mtundu wa shuga mellitus. Pazomwezi, kuwunika kotsimikizika mwatsatanetsatane kumachitika ndipo kuyezetsa zingapo kumachitika, makamaka kwa c-peptide ndi autoantibodies maselo a insulin / beta. Ngati pali awiri omaliza, dokotala amatha kudziwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa ana

Ziyenera kudziwika nthawi yomweyo - mankhwala sakudziwa chithandizo chamankhwala a mtundu uliwonse pakadali pano pokonzanso sayansi. Matenda a shuga ndi vuto la moyo wonse lomwe silingathe kuchiritsidwa, koma limatha kuyendetsedwa kuteteza kulephera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi zovuta zina.

Mndandanda wazinthu zazikulu zochizira matenda a shuga kwa ana nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo chakudya chapadera chowunikira kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagulu azakudya, kuwunika shuga, magazi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda amayenera kubayidwa jakisoni wosankhidwa nthawi zambiri komanso wosasintha wa insulin yochepa, yapakatikati kapena yayitali, ndipo kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, m'malo mwa mahomoni, amamwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana:

1. Zotsatira za insulin secretion (2 m'badwo sulfonylurea, repaglinide).
2. Modulators a minititityity ya minofu ku insulin (biguanides, thiazolinediones).
3. Zoletsa za mayamwidwe a glucose m'mimba m'mimba (acarbose).
4. Othandizira a Alpha receptor ndi othandizira a lipid metabolism (fenofibrate).
5. Mankhwala ena.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chachikulu, pakukhudzana ndi mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya matenda a shuga kapena kupezekanso kwamavuto, njira zina zothandizira odwala zimayenderana - pamenepa, dokotala kapena bungwe loyenerera likuwunika kuopsa kwa wodwalayo ndikupereka chithandizo malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa matenda ofala a endocrine.

Malonjezo olimbikitsa

Sayansi siyimayima ndipo kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazo magulu mazana odziimira akuyesera kupanga njira yolimbirana kwenikweni ndi matenda ashuga. Madokotala akutsimikiza kuti pakatikati, sizotheka kupanga zokha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lopeweratu mwana wa matenda ashuga. Zabwino kwambiri komanso zodalirika masiku ano zimaganiziridwa:

1. Kusamutsidwa kwa gawo la kapamba / zisumbu za Langerhans / beta cell / stem cell. Njirayi imakhala pakuphatikizika kwa zinthu zopereka kuti zithe kuyambiranso kupanga insulin zachilengedwe ndi thupi. Ntchito zoterezi zikuchitika kale (monga lamulo, pakachitika zovuta zazikulu, pamene ngozi zakuthamangitsa zinthu za bio mwa mawonekedwe a beta ndi maselo a tsinde ndizolungamitsidwa), koma patapita nthawi ntchito ya maselo a beta idatayika pang'onopang'ono. Pakadali pano, kuyesa kukuchitika kuti kuwonjezera nthawi ndikuphatikiza, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka / kupulumuka kwa kumezanitsa pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni.
2. Mapangidwe a maselo a beta. Njira yodalitsira imakhala ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa kupanga kwa insulin kuchokera kwa ma cell a beta mwa jakisoni wa puloteni wapadera kapena kuyambitsa jini yofunikira. Mulingo wa momwe amapangidwira udzakhala wokwezeka kuposa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni chifukwa chodziteteza, chifukwa chotsatira chake insulin yochulukirapo idzapangidwa.
3. Katemera. Kupanga mwachangu komanso kuyesa katemera amene amapatula ma antibodies a cell a beta, chifukwa chomaliza amasiya kuwononga.

Zakudya za shuga kwa mwana

Zakudya ndizomwe zimayambira matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amafunikira kuti awerenge molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imayendetsedwa, pomwe mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, pakakhala zovuta zazikulu, atha kubwezeretsanso chithandizo cha mankhwalawo. Zakudya zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kuthandizira odwala matenda ashuga pang'ono kapena pang'ono. Mu pachimake zinthu, kukhalapo kwa zovuta, etc., ambiri chakudya dongosolo opangidwa ndi endocrinologist akuyenera kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika thupi ndi zina.

Mtundu 1 wa shuga

Kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga enieni komanso olemera / onenepa, akatswiri azachipatala amalimbikitsa njira yoyenera yopezera zakudya - mwachitsanzo, gulu la "Table No. 9". Ndi yabwino kwa mwana ndipo ngakhale imachulukitsa pang'ono shuga ya magazi tsiku ndi tsiku (yomwe imatha kulipiriridwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin), imapatsa thupi lomakula la mwana zinthu zonse zofunika / ma microelements / mavitamini.

Mfundo zake zazikulu ndizakudya zisanu patsiku lililonse kwa maola awiri kapena atatu m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, komanso kuphatikiza mafuta osavuta m'zakudya ndikuzilowetsa m'malo ndi zovuta zomwe zimaphwanya pang'onopang'ono komanso osapereka kudumphira kwa glucose m'magazi. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie m'zakudya izi ndi 2300-2400 kcal, zomwe zimapangidwa tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni (90 magalamu), mafuta (80 magalamu), chakudya (magalamu 350), mchere (magalamu 12) ndi theka la lita imodzi yaulere yamadzi.

Sizoletsedwa kudya muffin, mafuta ndi msuzi wamphamvu komanso mkaka wokhala ndi semolina / mpunga. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mitundu yamafuta a nyama / nsomba, nyama zosuta, zakudya zam'chitini, caviar, tchizi / mchere wotsekemera, marinade ndi pickles, pasitala, mpunga, kirimu, masuzi, nyama / mafuta ophikira ku menyu. Simalolanso kudya zipatso zotsekemera, mitundu ina ya zipatso (mphesa, zipatso, mphesa, nthochi, nkhuyu), ayisikilimu, zoteteza, makeke / maswiti. Zakudya zilizonse zamafuta ndi zowotcha ndizoletsedwa - ziyenera kuwiritsa, kuwiritsa, kuphika kapena kuwotchera. Uchi - wochepa, shuga amasinthidwa ndi sorbitol / xylitol.

Kwa matenda a shuga a 2

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, mwana amakhala wonenepa nthawi zonse - ndizofunikira izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa isamve bwino. Pankhaniyi, zomwe tafotokozazi "tebulo Na. 9" siliri njira yabwino, ndipo sizingatheke kulipira kuchuluka kwakang'ono tsiku lililonse kwa shuga wa magazi ndi insulini (amapangidwa mokwanira ndipo ngakhale pamwamba pa chizolowezi, vuto ndikulimbana ndi insulin), ndichifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya zamasiku ano onse ndi endocrinologists onse Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa chakudya chamafuta ochepa.

Ndiwokhwima kwambiri, komabe, imathandizira kulimbana ndi shuga wamagazi kwambiri momwe ndingathere komanso munthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi, potero kuchepetsa kuwoneka. Mfundo zake ndizopatsa thanzi nthawi zisanu ndi imodzi, kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa kudya kwa mafuta aliwonse (mpaka 30-50 magalamu / tsiku) ndikugogomezera zakudya zama protein (mpaka 50 peresenti ya chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku). Malowa a kalori ndi 2000 kcal.

Pokhala ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa, muyenera kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta aulere (pafupifupi 2-2.5 malita / tsiku), ndibwino kuti muthe mitundu yowonjezera ya vitamini-mineral. Maziko azakudya ndi masamba obiriwira komanso mapuloteni. Pansi pa chiletso chowonjezereka, poyerekeza ndi mbatata "tebulo 9", pafupifupi zipatso zonse / chimanga, mitundu yayikulu ya mkate, chimanga, zakudya zosavuta, chipatso chowonda.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Monga lamulo, ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga, Zizindikiro zimayamba msanga. M'milungu yochepa chabe, mkhalidwe wa mwana umakulabe kwambiri kotero kuti amalowera kuchipatala mwachangu. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira zoyamba za matendawa, zomwe ndi:

1. Udzu wokhazikika. Zikuwoneka chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu ya mthupi, pomwe thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi shuga amene amayenda m'magazi potunga madzi kuchokera kwa iwo. Mwana amafunsa kuti amwe madzi kapena zakumwa zina zambiri.
2. Kuyamwa mwachangu. Makolo amadziwa kuti mwana adayamba kupita kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku onse, komanso usiku.
3. Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi. Gwero lamphamvu (glucose) limaleka kulowa m'maselo amthupi, chifukwa chake, kudya mafuta komanso minofu ya protein imakulanso. Zotsatira zake, mwana amasiya kulemera, koma, mmalo mwake, amachepetsa msanga.
4. Kutopa Makolo amazindikira kuti mwana ndi wofooka komanso wofooka chifukwa chakusowa mphamvu.
5. Kuchuluka kwanjala. Komanso chifukwa chosowa glucose m'matipi, chifukwa chake ndimakudya ambiri mwana sangakwanitse. Ngati vuto la mwana likuipiraipira mwakuti anayamba kukhala ndi ketoacidosis, ndiye kuti kulakalaka kwake kumachepa.
6. Mavuto amawonedwe. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa mandimu, mwana amatha kupindika pamaso pake komanso kusawona bwino.
7. Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mwa ana ang'onoang'ono, kupukusa m'mimba kumakhala kovuta kutero, ndipo mwa atsikana, kukondoweza kumakula.

Ngati mulibe chidwi ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, mkhalidwe wa mwana umakulabe ndipo ketoacidosis imakula. Amawonetsedwa ndi ululu wam'mimba, ulesi, nseru, kupuma kwamkati, mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Mwana akhoza kulephera kudziwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa imfa.

Zomwe zimachitika

Asayansi sanazindikirepo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa shuga kwa ana a mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Mwa mwana wodwala, chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimayenera kulimbana ndi ma virus ndi ma virus, mwadzidzidzi chimayamba kukhala ndi zowononga pa kapamba (makamaka, maselo omwe ali ndi vuto la kapangidwe ka insulin).

Zadziwika kuti pali chibadwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1, chifukwa chake, ngati pali matenda pachibale, chiwopsezo cha matenda otere mwa mwana chikukula.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimatha kukhala kachilombo (monga chimfine kapena rubella) kapena kupsinjika kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimakhala monga:

• Kupezeka kwa mtundu wodwala wa insulin wodwala wina kuchokera kwa abale ake apafupi (makolo ali ndi matenda, komanso mlongo kapena abale).
• Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus. Makamaka, nthawi zambiri, shuga amayamba pambuyo pa zotupa ndi kachilombo ka Coxsackie, kachilombo ka cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr kapena kachilombo ka rubella.
• Vitamini Wochepa D.
• Kudyetsa kwambiri koyambirira ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe kapena zakudya za chimanga.
• Kumwa madzi ndi nitrate wambiri.

Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji?

M'maselo a kapamba, insulin ya mahomoni imapangidwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya insulini ndikuthandizira kuti glucose adutsidwe kulowa m'maselo omwe mafuta awa amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati mafuta.

Posinthana ndi shuga ndi insulin pamakhala ndemanga yosasintha. Mwa mwana wathanzi, atatha kudya, insulin imatulutsidwa m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe shuga amachepetsa (glucose kuchokera m'magazi amalowa m'maselo). Izi zimapangitsa kutsika kwa kupanga insulini kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kusatsike kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, shuga amasungidwa m'chiwindi kuti shuga azikhala wokhazikika - pakuchepa kwambiri kwa magazi ake, mamolekyulu a shuga amatuluka ku chiwindi kulowa m'magazi.

Mu shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a beta mu kapamba kumachepetsedwa, kotero insulin siyipangidwe mokwanira. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zonse kufa ndi maselo, chifukwa sangalandire mafuta omwe amafunikira, komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuwonekera kwa matenda azachipatala.

Kodi chithandizo chake ndi chiyani?

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndikupereka mwayi kwa mwana kukula bwino, kupita ku gulu la ana, osamverera wolakwa poyerekeza ndi ana athanzi. Komanso, chithandizo chikuyenera kukhala chopewa zovuta za matenda ashuga kuti chiwonetsero chazovuta chotere chikhale chotheka.

Kuti aziyang'anira matendawa pafupipafupi, mwana amafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kangapo patsiku, motero makolo adzafunika kugula glucometer yolondola. Mankhwalawa mwana ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, zakudya zamagulu ochepa ndizofunikanso. Lembikani liyenera kusungidwa pomwe zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso thanzi la mwana zimadziwika.

Popeza matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba chifukwa chosowa insulini, jakisoni wa insulin ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha matendawa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yokonzekera yomwe ilipo nthawi yayitali. Pakukhazikitsa insulini gwiritsani ntchito ma syringe ena apadera ndi singano zowonda, komanso zolembera za syringe. Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimadyetsa timadzi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono - mapampu a insulin.

Makolo ambiri ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati nkotheka kusalowetsa insulin m'manja mwa mwana, kapena osazichita tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi ndizotheka ndi zakudya zama carb zochepa, ngati matenda ashuga mwa mwana apezeka kumene. Kudya ndi chakudya chochepa cha thupi kumalola kukhululuka kwakanthawi.

Matenda A shuga ndi Matenda a Chithokomiro

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda a autoimmune. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kulephera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Chifukwa cha kuvulala kumeneku, ma antibodies amayamba kuukira ndikuwononga ma cell a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Zosadabwitsa kuti matenda ena a autoimmune nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cham'makampani chokhala ndi maselo a beta chimatsutsana ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Izi zimatchedwa autoimmune chithokomiro. Ana ambiri odwala matenda amtundu wa 1 alibe zizindikiro. Koma mwa iwo opanda chiyembekezo, autoimmune chithokomiro chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chithokomiro.Pali nthawi zochepa pamene iye, m'malo mwake, amawonjezera ntchito yake, ndipo hyperthyroidism imachitika.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ayenera kuyesedwa ngati ali ndi chithokomiro. Muyeneranso kuyesedwa chaka chilichonse kuti muwone ngati matenda a chithokomiro akula nthawi imeneyi. Mwa izi, kuyesa kwa magazi kwa chithokomiro (TSH) kumachitika. Ndi mahomoni omwe amadzutsa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ngati mavuto apezeka, endocrinologist amalembera mapiritsi, ndipo adzasintha kwambiri thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a ana

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana ndichilengedwe:

• kuphunzitsa pakudziyang'anira wekha wamagazi ndi glucometer,
• kudziyang'anira pafupipafupi kunyumba,
• kudya
• jakisoni wa insulin
• zolimbitsa thupi (masewera ndi masewera - machiritso olimbitsa thupi a matenda ashuga),
• thandizo lamalingaliro.

Iliyonse mwa mfundozi ndiyofunikira kuti chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 chikhale bwino. Amachitidwa, makamaka, mwachangu, ndiko kuti, kunyumba kapena masana atasankhidwa ndi dokotala. Ngati mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zizindikiro zowopsa, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyamwa kuchipatala. Nthawi zambiri, ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amakhala m'chipatala kawiri pachaka.

Cholinga chothandizira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kwa ana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga ali pafupi kwambiri ndi momwe angathere. Izi zimatchedwa "kulipiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga." Ngati matenda ashuga amalipidwa bwino ndi chithandizo, ndiye kuti mwana adzakula bwino, ndipo zovuta zake zidzakhazikitsidwa mochedwa kapena sizidzawonekera konse.

Zolinga zochizira matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti za shuga zomwe ndimalimbikitse ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1? Asayansi ndi akatswiri azachipatala amavomereza mogwirizana kuti kufupika kwa shuga wamagazi kosungika kumakhalabe, ndibwino. Chifukwa pankhaniyi, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ngati munthu wathanzi, ndipo samakhala ndi vuto la mtima.

Vutoli ndikuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amalandiridwa jakisoni wa insulin, kuyandikira kwambiri kwa shuga wabwinobwino, amatha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia, kuphatikizapo kwambiri. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa ana odwala matenda ashuga, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia ndi chokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa amadya mosasamala, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi kwa mwana kumatha kukhala kosiyana kwambiri pamasiku osiyana.

Kutengera izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisachepetse shuga m'magazi a ana amishuga 1 kuti akhale abwinobwino, koma kuti azisunga pamitengo yapamwamba. Ayi sichoncho. Pambuyo kuchuluka kwa manambala, zinaonekeratu kuti kukulitsa kwa zovuta zamagazi a shuga ndizowopsa kuposa chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira 2013, American Diabetes Association yalimbikitsa kuti azisunga hemoglobin wa glycated mwa ana onse odwala matenda ashuga ochepera 7.5%. Mfundo zake zapamwamba ndizovulaza, osati zofunika.

Mulingo wama glucose wamagazi, kutengera zaka za mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1

Zindikirani manambala a hemoglobin omwe ali mgulu lomaliza la tebulo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi atatu apitawa. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated kumatengedwa pakapita miyezi ingapo kuti awone ngati wodwalayo adalandiridwa bwino kale.

Kodi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amatha kukhalabe ndi shuga?

Pazidziwitso zanu, zomwe zimachitika mu glycated hemoglobin m'magazi aanthu athanzi popanda kunenepa kwambiri ndi 4.2% - 4.6%. Titha kuwona kuchokera pagome pamwambapa kuti mankhwala amalimbikitsa kusunga shuga m'magazi mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 osachepera 1.6 nthawi zoposa zofanana. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha hypoglycemia mwa achinyamata odwala matenda ashuga.

Tsamba lathu lidapangidwa ndi cholinga chofalitsa chidziwitso cha chakudya chamagulu ochepa a matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2. Zakudya zokhala ndi choletsa chamagulu ochulukirapo m'zakudya zimalola anthu akuluakulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi shuga kuti azikhala ndi shuga m'magazi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga anthu athanzi. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani pansipa m'gawo la "Zakudya za Matenda Awa a Type 1 a Ana".

Funso lofunika kwambiri: kodi nkothandiza pamtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 kwa mwana kuti ayesetse kuchepetsa shuga yake? Makolo angachite izi “pangozi zawo.” Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale gawo limodzi lokha la hypoglycemia limatha kuvulaza ubongo mpaka kalekale ndikupangitsa mwana kukhala wolumala kwa moyo wake wonse.

Komabe, zakudya zochepa zomwe mwana amadya, ndiye kuti angafunikire insulini yochepa. Ndipo kuchepa kwa insulin, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Mwana akapitirira kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa, ndiye kuti mlingo wa insulin umachepetsedwa kangapo. Amatha kukhala osafunikira kwenikweni, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kale. Likukhalira kuti mwayi wa hypoglycemia nawonso umachepetsedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mwana atayamba kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa atazindikira mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti gawo la "tchuthi" lidzatha. Imatha kutalika kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti moyo wanu wonse. Chifukwa choti katundu wazakudya zam'mimba paz kapamba amachepa, ndipo maselo ake a beta sangawonongeke mwachangu.

Maphikidwe a chakudya chamafuta ochepa a mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 amapezeka pano.

Kutsiliza: ngati mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1, kuyambira m'badwo wa "kindergarten", amasinthana ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndiye izi zimakhala ndi zabwino zake. Shuga wamagazi amatha kusungidwa pamlingo wofanana ndi wa anthu athanzi. Chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia sichingachuluke, koma kuchepa, chifukwa mlingo wa insulin udzachepetsedwa kangapo. Nthawi yaukwati imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, makolo omwe amasankha mtundu uwu wamankhwala amtundu wa matenda ashuga wa 1 mwa mwana wawo amachitapo kanthu pachiwopsezo chawo. Adokotala anu a endocrinologist atenga izi "mwaukali", chifukwa zimasemphana ndi malangizo a Unduna wa Zaumoyo, omwe akugwira ntchito pakadali pano. Tikupangira kuti muyambe muwonetsetsa kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mita yolondola ya shuga. M'masiku ochepa a "moyo watsopano", yeretsani magazi pafupipafupi, yang'anani zochitika mosalekeza. Konzekerani kuyimitsa hypoglycemia nthawi iliyonse, kuphatikiza usiku. Mudzaona momwe shuga mumagazi limatengera kusintha kwa zakudya, ndipo dziwani zomwe njira yoyenera yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga kukhala yoyenera kwambiri.

Momwe mungabayire insulin mwa mwana wodwala matenda ashuga

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wa ana umathandizira ndi insulin, muyenera kuphunzira zolemba zake:

Mwa ana aang'ono, insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort imachepetsa shuga la magazi mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu kuposa ana ndi akulu omwe. Nthawi zambiri, mwana akadali aang'ono, amakula bwino ndi insulin. Mulimonsemo, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kwa mtundu uliwonse wa odwala matenda ashuga 1. Momwe mungachitire izi akufotokozedwa mu nkhani ya "Dose calculation and Technique for Insulin Administration", ulalo womwe waperekedwa pamwambapa.

Matenda a shuga a insulin ana

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kumadzulo, kenako kuno, ana ochulukirachulukira ndi achinyamata ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin pochiritsa matenda awo a shuga. Ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakupatsani mwayi kulowa insulin mwachangu, yaying'ono, yaying'ono. Nthawi zambiri, kusinthira kukhala ndi insulin pampu ya matenda 1 a shuga kwa ana kumathandizira kusintha kwa shuga kwa magazi ndi moyo wa mwana.

Pulogalamu ya insulin

Zochitika zamankhwala a insulin ngati mwana wodwala matenda ashuga amatsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa

Pamodzi ndi zakudya ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, koma "aafupi" a insulin. Munthawi yakusintha kuchokera ku chakudya wamba kupita ku chakudya chamagulu ochepa, pali chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa shuga ndi magazi ndi glucometer mpaka 7-8 pa tsiku. Ndipo malinga ndi zotsatira za izi, punguza kwambiri mlingo wa insulin. Zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zitsika ndi katatu kapena kuposerapo.

Mwambiri, mutha kuchita mosavuta popanda pampu ya insulin. Ndipo potero, musatenge zowonjezera zowopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mudzatha kulipira bwino matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi Mlingo wochepa wa insulin, womwe umabayidwa ndi syringes yachikhalidwe kapena zolembera za syringe mukukula kwa mayunitsi a 0,5.

Zakudya za matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana

Chithandizo cha boma chimalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zoyenera za matenda amishuga 1, momwe zimapatsa mphamvu 55% 60 ya kashiamu. Zakudya zotere zimabweretsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu m'magazi a shuga a magazi, omwe sangathe kuyendetsedwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Zotsatira zake, nthawi yokhala ndi shuga yayikulu kwambiri imatsatiridwa ndi nthawi ya shuga ochepa.

Kutumphuka kwakukulu mu shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti matenda a shuga achitike, komanso kumapangitsa magawo a hypoglycemia. Ngati mumadya zakudya zochepa, ndiye kuti izi zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga. Mwa munthu wathanzi pazaka zilizonse, msambo wabwinobwino wa shuga ndi pafupifupi 4.6 mmol / L.

Ngati mungachepetse shuga 1 wamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'zakudya zanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wa insulin wocheperako, mungasunge shuga yanu pamlingo womwewo, ndikupatuka kosaposa 0.5 mmol / L mbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zipeweratu zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo hypoglycemia.

Onani nkhani kuti mumve zambiri:

Kodi zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimapangitsa kuti mwana akule ndikukula? Ayi. Pali mndandanda wa amino acid ofunikira (mapuloteni). Ndikofunikanso kudya mafuta achilengedwe athanzi, makamaka ma omega-3 acids. Munthu akapanda kudya mapuloteni ndi mafuta, amafa chifukwa chotopa. Koma simupeza mndandanda wazakudya zofunika kwina kulikonse, chifukwa sizipezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, michere (kupatula fiber, i.e. fiber) imakhala yoyipa mu shuga.

Maphikidwe a chakudya chamafuta ochepa a shuga 1 amapezeka pano.

Kodi mwana angathe kusamutsira ku chakudya chochepa cha mtundu woyamba wa shuga? Mutha kuyesa kuchita izi atayamba kudya zakudya zomwezo ngati akulu. Pofika nthawi yosinthira ku chakudya chatsopano, muyenera kukonzekera ndikuwonetsetsa:

1. Mvetsetsani momwe mungayimitsire hypoglycemia. Sungani maswiti ngati mukufuna.
2. Pakusintha, muyenera kuyeza shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer musanadye chilichonse, ola limodzi pambuyo panu, komanso usiku. Amakhala osachepera 7 pa tsiku.
3. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kayendedwe ka shuga m'magazi - omasuka kuti muchepetse mulingo wa insulin. Muwona kuti angathe ndipo akuyenera kuchepetsedwa kangapo. Apo ayi padzakhala hypoglycemia.
4. Munthawi imeneyi, moyo wa mwana wodwala matenda ashuga uyenera kukhala wodekha momwe ungathere, wopanda nkhawa komanso kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu. Mpaka njira yatsopano itakhala chizolowezi.

Momwe mungalimbikitsire mwana kudya

Momwe mungapangire mwana kuti azitsatira zakudya zabwino komanso maswiti okanira? Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amatsatira zakudya “zopatsa thanzi”, amayamba kukumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

• chifukwa cha "kudumpha" m'magazi a magazi - thanzi labwino nthawi zonse,
• nthawi zina hypoglycemia imachitika
• matenda osiyanasiyana opweteka amatha kuvutikira.

Nthawi yomweyo, ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amatsatira mosamala zakudya zamagulu ochepa, ndiye kuti patatha masiku ochepa amapeza zabwino:

• shuga wamagazi ndi wabwinobwino, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, thanzi labwinolo, mphamvu zimachepa,
• chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia ndichotsika kwambiri,
• Matenda ambiri okadwala akuchepa.

Muloleni mwana azindikire “pakhungu lake” momwe akumvera ngati amatsatira boma ndipo akaphwanyidwa. Ndipo adzakhala ndi chidziwitso chachilengedwe chakuwongolera matenda ake a shuga ndikulimbana ndi ziyeso za kudya "zoletsedwa", makamaka pagulu la abwenzi.

Ana ambiri ndi akulu akulu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 samadziwa bwino momwe angamverere pakudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Adazolowera kale ndikuyanjananso kuti amakhala ndi kutopa nthawi zonse komanso matenda. Amakhala othandizira kupitiliza kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa atangoyesa ndikumva zotsatira zabwino za njirayi.

Mayankho kwa Makolo Ofunsidwa Kanthawi Zonse

Glycated hemoglobin imakula chifukwa sizingatheke kulipira shuga pachakudya pamene zakudya zimakhalabe "zopatsa thanzi," kutanthauza kuti zimadzaza ndi chakudya. Ngakhale mutawerenga mosamala magawo a mkate, sipakhala ogwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Sinthani ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa omwe tsamba lathu amalalikira. Werengani zokambirana ndi makolo a mwana wazaka 6 yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1 amene atulutsidwa kwathunthu ndipo adumpha insulin. Sindikukulonjezani kuti inunso muchita zomwezo, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo adayamba kuthandizidwa molondola, osadikira chaka chathunthu. Koma mulimonsemo, chindapusa cha matenda a shuga chikhala bwino.

Mwana amakula ndikukula osati bwino, koma mosasamala. Pakakula msanga, kufunika kwa insulini kumachulukirachulukira, chifukwa mayendedwe amakulu amasintha. Mwina tsopano gawo lotsatira lokhala ndi chidwi chatha, ndiye kuti kufunika kwa insulini kukugwa. Inde, m'chilimwe insulin imafunikira yocheperako chifukwa imawotha. Izi zimachitika. Mwina simuyenera kuda nkhawa. Mosamala shuga, khalani ndi kudziyang'anira kwathunthu wamagazi m'magazi. Ngati mukuwona kuti insulini simalimbana ndi chindapusa cha matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti muwonjezere mlingo wake. Werengani apa za zolephera za pampu ya insulin poyerekeza ndi ma syringe akale.

Ndikuganiza kuti simungamuletse "machimo", osati chakudya basi. M'badwo wachinyamata umayamba, kusamvana wamba ndi makolo, nkhondo yodziyimira pawokha, etc. Simudzakhala ndi mwayi woletsa chilichonse. Yesani kukopa m'malo mwake. Onetsani zitsanzo za odwala akulu amtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe tsopano akuvutika ndi zovuta ndipo alapa kuti anali zitsiru m'maubwana awo. Koma nthawi zonse muziyanjanitsa. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kukopa. Yesani kuvomereza mwanzeru. Pezani galu ndikusokonekera nazo. Kuphatikiza pa nthabwala.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umadumpha kwambiri. Onani kufalikira kwa zikhalidwe - pafupifupi nthawi 10. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin sikuchita mbali yapadera pakuwazindikira. Mwana wanu, mwatsoka, ali ndi 100% 1 shuga. Yambani mwachangu kulipirira matendawa ndi jakisoni wa insulin komanso zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Madokotala amatha kutulutsa nthawi, koma izi sizokomera inu. Mukayamba chithandizo chamanthawi, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti muchite bwino. Kutola insulini ndikutsatira zakudya zovuta sikosangalatsa kokwanira. Koma muubwana, simukufuna kukhala wolephera chifukwa cha zovuta za shuga. Chifukwa chake musakhale aulesi, koma osamaliridwa.

Kulandila chindalama chabwino ndichomwe makolo amafunitsitsa atakumana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba wa ana awo. M'masamba ena onse mudzatsimikiziridwa kuti izi ndizosatheka, ndipo muyenera kupirira ndi ma sukari. Koma ndili ndi mbiri yabwino kwa inu. Werengani kuyankhulana ndi makolo a mwana wazaka 6 yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 1 omwe akhululukidwa kwathunthu. Mwana wawo amakhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino, makamaka wopanda jakisoni wa insulin, chifukwa cha zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, pali nthawi ya tchuthi. Ngati simukulola kudya michere yambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kukulitsa zaka zingapo, kapenanso kwa moyo wonse.

Zoyenera kuchita - choyambirira, muyenera kusinthira ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa.Kuti muwone mndandanda wonse wazakudya zololedwa komanso zoletsedwa, onani malangizo azakudya. Kupatula ufa, maswiti ndi mbatata kuchokera muzakudya ndizofunikira theka, zomwe sizokwanira. Werengani kuti mudziwe nthawi yanthawi ya chikondwerero cha shuga 1. Mwinanso mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa mutha kuchikulitsa kwa zaka zingapo, kapenanso kwa moyo wonse. Nayi kukambirana ndi makolo a mwana wazaka 6 yemwe anachita. Amapatsa insulin yonse komanso amasunganso shuga wokhazikika, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Mwana wawo sanakonde insulini kwambiri kotero kuti anali wokonzeka kutsatira zakudya, ngati palibe jakisoni. Sindikulonjeza kuti mudzachita bwino zomwezo. Koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chakudya chamafuta ochepa ndi gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro cha matenda a shuga.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wa ana: zopezeka

Makolo ayenera kuvomereza kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 wazaka zapakati pa 12-14 mpaka zaka zambiri sangapereke mwayi wokhudzana ndi vuto la mtima. Kuwopseza mavuto omwe atenga nthawi yayitali sikungamukakamize kuti azilamulira kwambiri shuga. Mwanayo amangokonda ndi mphindi zapano, ndipo paubwana izi ndizabwinobwino. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga nkhani yathu yayikulu, Matenda a shuga mu Ana ndi Achinyamata.

Chifukwa chake, mwazindikira kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba mwa ana. Ana oterowo amafunika kupendedwa pafupipafupi ngati chithokomiro chawo chikugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Mwa ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin kumathandizira kuwongolera shuga. Koma ngati mwana atsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa, ndiye kuti mutha kukhalabe ndi shuga mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.