Kodi zigawo za cholesterol ndizosiyana bwanji?

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

VLDLP ndi chiyani? Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti "cholesterol yamagazi" amadziwika ngati matenda, makamaka chizindikiro ichi chikamakwezedwa. Kuti muwunike moyenera ngozi zomwe zachitika, munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa lingaliro la ochepa osachulukitsa lipoprotein cholesterol, ndiko kuti, ntchito za thupi.

HC VLDL ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa cholesterol. Zikachulukitsa, zikapezeka, zimayamba kudutsa m'mitsempha, kenako zimachepetsa magazi.

Makhalidwe a VLDL

Lipoproteins m'magazi amatchedwa microparticles, omwe amachokera pamapuloteni ndi lipids. Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe thupi laumunthu silingagwire ntchito. Pamaziko ake, mahomoni amatenga nawo gawo pantchito ndikukula, komanso ma asidi a bile.

Cholesterol sangathe kusungunuka payokha m'madzi, motero "wothandizira" amafunikira. Muli mtundu wake, umagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nembanemba, zomwe zimakhala ndi apolipoproteins. Zinthu ziwirizi zikakumana, lipoprotein imapangidwa.

Magazi amunthu ali ndi mitundu itatu ya lipoprotein:

1. VLDL (kachulukidwe kotsika kwambiri).
2. LDL (kachulukidwe kotsika).
3. HDL (kachulukidwe kakakulu).

Ngati ma lipoproteins a kachulukidwe kotsika kwambiri amapitilira mtengo wamba, ndiye kuti kuyenda kwa magazi kudzera m'matumbo kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha mapangidwe. Njira yoyendetsera thupi imakhala yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imawopseza ndi matenda osiyanasiyana amtima.

Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amakhala ndi zonyamula za triglycerides, zomwe zimakhalanso zofunikira m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Mu thupi la munthu, chilichonse chimaganiziridwa. Cholesterol ndi triglycerides zimapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo ndizokwanira kuti zizigwira bwino. Ena mwa mafuta awa amadyedwa ndi munthu ndi chakudya. Nthawi zina anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol, zomwe zimakhudza cholesterol yamagazi. Pali chiwonetserochi chikuwonjezeka, ndipo ziwalo zonse, zimakumana ndi vuto.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya VLDL:

• woyembekezera ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira atabereka,
• Zakudya zonunkhira
• zitsanzo za wodwala
• mankhwala a anabolic steroid,
• kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta a nyama,
• kusuta

Miyezo ya VLDL imatha kuwonetsa otsika kwambiri chifukwa cha:

1. Khalani phee.
2. Kutenga mankhwala osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi ma statins, mankhwala antifungal ndi ena.
3. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kosalekeza.
4. Zakudya zamagulu onse, mpaka kufika potengeka.

Kusanthula kwa HDL

Kuyesa kwa lipoproteins kotsika kwambiri kumaphatikizidwa pa mbiri ya lipid. Zimathandizira kuwunika momwe mitsempha ya magazi ilili, zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa matendawo ndi matenda ena a mtima.

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitikanso pofuna kuwongolera zotsatira za chithandizo. Momwe lipids zimakhalira pambuyo popita mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya mafuta m'thupi.

Kusanthula kwa HDL kumayikidwa ngati cholesterol imakwezedwa, kapena mbiri ya lipid imachitika pa mlingo womwe wakonzedwa. Kusanthula kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitidwe kwa anthu omwe afika zaka 20 kamodzi pazaka zisanu. Koma ngati wodwala awona chakudya chapadera, mbiri ya lipid imatha kutumikiridwa pafupipafupi, mpaka kangapo pachaka.

HDL cholesterol iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu omwe mtundu wawo wamtunduwu unachitika. Izi zimaphatikizapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ndi yokazinga.

Pofuna kupewa zotsatira zolakwika, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Kuyesedwa kumangokhala pamimba yopanda kanthu.
2. Wodwala amakhala wodekha kwathunthu phunzirolo lisanayambe.
3. Osasuta, osachepera theka la ola musanayesedwe.

Zotsatira zakuwunika uku zitha kupezeka tsiku lotsatira.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zowonjezera HDL, zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo:

• cholestasis kapena kusayenda kwa bile,
• aakulu yade
• matenda a uremia,
• hypothyroidism
• matenda ashuga
• uchidakwa
• onenepa kwambiri
• chotupa chowopsa cha prostate kapena kapamba.

Zomwe zimatsitsa HDL zimaphatikizapo:

• Kudziletsa.
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Mfupa wam'mafupa.
• Kuphatikizika kwa kutupa.
• Mulingo wocheperako wa folic acid kapena vitamini B12 m'thupi.
• Zowotcha kwambiri.
• Matenda opatsirana.

Njira zoyeserera ndi cholesterol yayikulu ya HDL

Choyamba, musamadye zakudya zamafuta, koma simungathe kuiwala kwathunthu za mafuta. Ndikokwanira kuti azitha kudya.

Kachiwiri, sinthani mafuta odzaza ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated (maolivi, mpendadzuwa, chimanga ndi mafuta a soya).

Chachitatu, kupatula chakudya, chomwe chimaphatikizapo mafuta a trans.

Kuti musankhe zakudya za cholesterol, muyenera kudziwa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zalembedwa:

• mazira a nkhuku
• mkaka kuchokera pansi pa ng'ombe
• Crustaceans
• osoweka.

Ndipo kumwa chomera fiber, mmalo mwake, amachepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Zogulitsa zotere zimaphatikizapo kaloti, nyemba, barele, oashi, maapulo ndi mapeyala.

Odwala omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri ayenera kuchepetsa thupi. Ngakhale mutachepetsa thupi pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi, mutha kuwona zotsatira zabwino.

Kodi zingakhale bwanji za matenda opha matenda ashuga?

• Zokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zomwe zimachitika
• About njira zamankhwala
• Zokhudza njira zopewera

Mwayi woti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga atha kukhala ndi sitiroko ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ali pachiwopsezo, choncho amafunikira kuwunikira mosamala komanso chidziwitso chazonse pazomwe zimayambitsa komanso zizindikiro za matenda. Za izi ndi zina zambiri pansipa.

Zokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zomwe zimachitika

Kapangidwe ka matenda operekedwawo ndikugwirizana mwachindunji chifukwa chakuti kufalikira kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kwamtundu wamwazi kumadziwika. Zotsatira zake, ntchito zaubongo zimakulitsidwa chifukwa chakuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, magazi, sichilowa m'dera lake. Akatswiri amatha kusiyanitsa magawo awiri a stroke pa odwala matenda ashuga.

Tikulankhula za hemorrhagic (limodzi ndi kupindika kwa mtsempha wamagazi) komanso ischemic, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kugundika kwa mtsempha. Pankhaniyi, munthu amakumana ndi zizindikiro zina pamene matenda a stroke ayamba ndi matenda a shuga:

• chikhalidwe chofooka chokhazikika, komanso dzanzi lakumanzere kapena kutsika kwam'mphepete ndi minofu yamaso (makamaka mbali imodzi ya thupi),
• wakufa ziwalo, komanso kusayenda kwa gawo lililonse la thupi.
• mavuto pakukhazikitsa kuganiza, kutaya luso osati kungodziwa, komanso kufotokoza malingaliro awo mokhazikika,
• kupangidwa kwa mutu wowopsa popanda zifukwa zomveka - nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2,
• kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi mu mawonekedwe a ntchito, akuwonetsedwa ngati chipwirikiti. Itha kuchitika m'maso amodzi kapena onse,
• mavuto ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa okha poyesa kumeza madzi kapena malovu.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapezeka mwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi sitiroko zimaphatikizaponso kuchepa kwamphamvu, kulumikizana kwa mgwirizano, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi chizungulire chokhalitsa.

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomaliza, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti njira zamatenda zafika pachimake, kutaya kwakanthawi kochepa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chokwanira, chomwe chingathandize kupirira ngakhale zovuta kwambiri.

About njira zamankhwala

USA ndi boma lomwe m'zaka zaposachedwa lakhala likuchita nawo nawo ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda opha ziwalo mkati mwa WHO ndipo akupanga mankhwala oyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi dipatimenti yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imayang'anira kuwongolera kwa mankhwala ndi zinthu. Bungweli limalola kuchira odwala omwe ali ndi stroke omwe ndi mankhwalawo, omwe ndi tPA.

Tikukamba za chida chotere chomwe chili chothandiza kwambiri pochotsa magazi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito pakadutsa mphindi 180 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira za stroko zapezeka.

Chithandizo cha matenda a matenda a shuga mellitus amadziwika ndi zotsatira za thrombus, zomwe zimatchinga mtsempha wamagazi. Ndizokhudzana ndi izi kuti kuphatikizanso kwina kuyenera kudziwidwa - kusungunuka kwa magazi amkati ndi kubwezeretsa mwachangu kwa magazi kupita kumadera aubongo.

Njira zina zomwe zimaperekera chithandizo kwa odwala matenda a matenda a shuga ziwunika kuganiziridwadi:

1. kufananiza kwatsopano kuchokera mundege yamkati yamitsempha yama carotid (yomwe imapereka magazi ambiri kupita ku ubongo) chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni,
2. carotid endarterectomy.

Kubwezeretsa kwa lirilonse la njira zomwe zaperekedwa ndizotsatirazi: choyambirira, baluni yapadera imalowetsedwa mu mtsempha wamagazi, womwe pambuyo pake umakula ndikukula kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, akatswiri amayambitsa stent (cellular).

Izi ndizofunikira kuti muthe kusintha kwa mitsempha momasuka - ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Komanso, ndi matenda omwe afotokozedwa, angioplasty ndizotheka kuthekera. Ndiamene amapangitsa kuti athe kukonza bwino ntchito yomwe mitsempha ya ziwongo zimagwira.

Zokhudza njira zopewera

Ntchito yofananira imapatsidwa njira zodzitetezera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi stroke. Chifukwa chake, kutsatira zina, kuposa njira zosavuta, zipangitsa kuti thupi lizisunga komanso kupewa kuti pakhale matenda osafunikira.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musiye kusuta fodya komanso kuti musamwe mowa wambiri. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika kuchuluka kwa cholesterol (makamaka "negative" LDL) ndikuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono, ngati pakufunika. Ndikofunika kuti 100% isaphatikizire menyu zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta ambiri.

Muyenera kuyang'ana pa index ya LDL yoposa 100 mg pa dl. Momwemonso, pamene chiopsezo cha sitiroko chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri - mpaka 70 mg pa dl. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse azachipatala molondola momwe mungathere. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizovomerezeka kukhala ndi zokambirana osati ndi mmodzi koma akatswiri angapo ndipo amachita izi pafupipafupi.

Njira zoyenera zothandizira odwala zilinso:

• kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa kufalikira kwa gawo la mitsempha,
• kudya kwa aspirin tsiku ndi tsiku, ngati adalembedwa ndi adokotala - omwe amathandiza kuyimitsa matenda a shuga.
• kutsatira kwambiri zakudya - mankhwalawa, omwe cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsa thanzi lathu lonse, amathandizanso kuchepetsa mwayi wobwereranso. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mndandanda wapadera, womwe unapangidwa munthawi ya USSR kwa odwala omwe ali ndi stroke, ndiwofunika kwambiri masiku ano.

Zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi shuga komanso matenda opha ziwalo zimatchedwa "Zakudya No. 10". Chofunika cha chakudyachi chimachepetsedwa mpaka kusiyanitsidwa pang'ono ndi zakudya zotere zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ndi chakudya. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo povutika kale ndi odwala, kukhathamiritsa kwa thupi ndi potaziyamu kumasonyezedwa. Zinthu zonse zomwe zilimo zimayenera kudyedwa pafupipafupi kuti muzitha kudziwa osati kuthamangitsa magazi, komanso zochitika za minofu ya mtima.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Mavitamini sayenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Chifukwa chake, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kukhalapo zambiri mu zakudya, chifukwa chake, mbale zomwe zili nazo ndizofunikira.

Ndipo, ndichachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku mu mawonekedwe ake oyera kumalimbikitsidwa.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti sitiroko ndiyosautsa kwambiri, kuchira ndikotheka kwambiri ngakhale kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Ndikofunika kungolingalira njira zonse zopewetsedwera komanso kuti musaiwale za chithandizo chakanthawi, chomwe chingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Chigawo cha cholesterol cha SNP chatsitsidwa kapena kuchuluka: izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chonga mafuta chomwe chimagwira ntchito zingapo mthupi la munthu. Amatenga nawo mbali popanga ziwalo za ma cell a zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Cholesterol imathandizira pakupanga mahomoni osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira kuti thupi likhale lolimba, magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa kubereka. Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga nawo gawo pazakudya zamafuta zomwe zili mu bile ndikuthandizira kuyamwa kwamafuta.

Cholesterol imayenda kudutsa thupi la munthu m'njira ina yapadera yopangidwa ndi ma apolipoproteins. Mavuto omwe amaphatikizidwa, omwe amaphatikiza ma apolipoproteins ndi cholesterol, amatchedwa lipoprotein. M'magazi a anthu, mumapezeka mitundu ingapo. Amasiyana muyezo wa zigawo zomwe zili momwemo:

1. Lipoproteins Otsika kwambiri (VLDL),
2. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
3. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).

Gawo la cholesterol la SNP - ndi chiyani, ndi mbali zake ndi ntchito zake? VLDL cholesterol ndi mitundu yamtopola kwambiri. Pankhani ya kuphatikiza kochulukirapo, madipozidwe ophatikizidwa amawonekera pazitseko za chotengera, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwunikira kwa mayendedwe awo, mwakutero kusokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi. Komanso, chifukwa cha izi, ziwiya zimataya mphamvu zawo zakale, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yamtima.

Cholesterol yotsika kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zamatenda a lipid. Mukazindikira kuchuluka kwa seramu yayikulu ya SNP cholesterol, titha kulankhula za chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a mtima.

Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri ndi tinthu tokhala ndi mainchesi 30 - 80 nm. Ndiwocheperako kuposa ma chylomicrons, koma okulirapo kuposa ma lipoprotein ena. Mapangidwe a VLDL akudutsa m'chiwindi. Gawo losafunikira la iwo limalowa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuyendetsa ma triglycerides m'thupi lonse mpaka ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma VLDL ndiwotsatsa a lipoproteins otsika.

Pakadali pano, pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti kukula kwa atherosclerosis kumachitika mwachangu pamaso pa kuchuluka kwa VLDL mu matenda ashuga ndi matenda a impso.

Kuwunika kwakukulu komwe muyenera kutenga kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu ndi mbiri ya lipid. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika kwa munthu aliyense yemwe wafika zaka 20 osachepera 1 zaka zisanu. Cholinga cha kuwunika kuti ndidziwe kuchuluka kwa VLDL ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa matenda a atherosulinosis kapena matenda ena a mtima.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula kwa chidutswa cha SNP

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupende magawo a SNP cholesterol pazochitika zotsatirazi:

• Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani kusintha kwa ma atherogenic,
• Popanga njira zodziwira matenda kuti mupeze zovuta zama metabolism amafuta,
• Kuti muwone kuopsa kwa matenda opatsirana pamatumbo,
• Pofuna kuwunika momwe chakudya chopanda cholesterol chilili,
• Kuwunika zotsatira za mankhwalawa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse cholesterol ndi mankhwala.

Zomwe zimayenera kuphunziridwa ndi seramu yamagazi. Pokonzekera mayeserowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizidya chakudya pasanadutse maola 12-14 musanafike mchitidwewo.

Chitani kafukufuku m'mawa.

Kutanthauzira kwa Zotsatira

Chifukwa chakuti mafuta amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepera kuposa madzi, popenda kuchuluka kwa lipids mu plasma, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kupyola kwawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yofotokozera zotsatira za kusanthula uku ikuchokera pakukonzekera kwa ma lipoprotein pamagawo. Pankhaniyi, zatsimikizika:

1. Mulingo wa lipoprotein m'chigawo chilichonse,
2. Onse owerengedwa,
3. Kukhalapo kwa triglycerides.

Ndizovuta kutanthauzira zotsatira za kuwunikaku. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'malo azachipatala mulibe magawo opangidwa momveka bwino a mndende yawo yotetezeka. Amadziwika kuti kukhathamiritsa kwa VLDL m'magazi, komanso LDL, kumatanthauza kupezeka kwa mafuta operewera metabolism m'thupi la munthu.

Zambiri mwa ma lipids izi ziyenera kupezeka m'thupi la munthu. Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri ndi njira yokhala ndi lipoprotein, motero, zolandilira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizipangidwe mwa thupi la munthu. Mwakutero, madokotala atenga zomwe zili mu VPLL mu plasma ya anthu kuyambira 0.26 mpaka 1.04 mmol / l kuphatikiza. Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zimakhala zapamwamba kapena zotsika zimawonetsa njira zotithandizira momwe zimalimbikitsidwira kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akuuzeni upangiri.

Pofotokoza zotsatira za mayesowo, dotolo sangadziwike pokhapokha pazomwe zapezekazo. Kuzindikira koyenera kumatheka kokha pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kuwunika kokwanira - mbiri ya zamankhwala, zotsatira za mayeso ena.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusintha mulingo wa LDLP ndikotheka nthawi ndi nthawi. Njirayi ndikusinthasintha kwachilengedwe mu metabolism ya cholesterol. Ndikusanthula kamodzi kwa VLDL, simungathe kuwona zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni za kagayidwe ka mafuta.

Ngati mukukayikira kuperewera kwamafuta mafuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kubwereza kusanthula pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3.

Kupititsa patsogolo Kochepa Kwambiri Lipoprotein

Ndi kuchuluka kwa VLDL, titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies m'boma la zotengera. VLDL ndi magwero a cholesterol "yoyipa", yomwe imatsogolera kuphatikizana, kutayika kwa elasticity, komanso kuchuluka kwakuthambo kwamitsempha yamagazi. M'malo omwe izi zimapezeka motere, ma cell amadzi amateteza kwambiri ma VLDL, kudziunjikira cholesterol.

Chifukwa cha njirayi, maselo oteteza magazi m'magawo ambiri amadziunjikira m'malo owonongeka a mtima ndikusintha kukhala magawo, omwe pambuyo pake amasinthidwa kukhala cholesterol plaques. Zotsirizika, kuchepetsa kuunikira kwa ngalande yamitsempha, kumapangitsa kusuntha kwa magazi m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa komanso zoyipa.

Choopsa cha cholesterol plaques ndikuti amatha kuchuluka kukula pakapita nthawi, ndikupanga magazi. Thonje limatha kutuluka nthawi iliyonse nkutenga magaziwo kupita ziwalo zina. Izi zimachitika mpaka chimbudzi cha chotengera chilichonse chili chaching'ono kwambiri kuti chovala magazi. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuti vascular thrombosis ndipo ndi ngozi yoopsa kwa anthu. Zotsatira zofala kwambiri za kusuntha kwa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha ndizogwidwa ndi ubongo, mtima, pulmonary embolism.

Pali umboni kuti milingo yokwezeka ya VLDL imatha kupangitsa kuti mchenga ndi miyala ikhale ndulu.

Kuchulukitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa milomo ya lipoproteins kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa thupi la mavuto monga:

• Shuga mellitus, womwe ndi matenda a metabolic ofunikira,
• Kufooka kwa magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro England kapena pituitary gland. Zotsatira zake ndi kuphwanya maziko a mahomoni ndi njira zina za kagayidwe kachakudya.
• Nephrotic syndrome. Amayamba ndi maziko a kutupa kwa impso,
• Zimakhudza njira yochotsa zinthu zina mthupi, kwinaku zikuchepetsa kagayidwe.
• Kuledzera ndikuledzera kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mthupi la munthu.
• Matenda a kapamba, womwe ndi njira ya kapamba, womwe umatha kupezeka mu mitundu yayitali komanso yovuta.

Nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa lipoproteins kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto loopsa mu kapamba kapena prostate. Kuphatikiza apo, ma genetic ena ndi kubereka kwawoko kumathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa LDL.

Pakapezeka kuchuluka kwa VLDL, odwala amapezeka ndi hyperlipidemia yoyamba ya 3, 4 kapena 5. Pamaso pa kuchuluka kwambiri kwaopoproteins otsika kwambiri mwa wodwala, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena, amalankhula za hyperlipidemia yachiwiri.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwama lipoprotein ochepa kwambiri ndikuwongolera zotsatira za mayeso a labotale:

1. Kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa
2. Kumwa mankhwala ena, omwe amaphatikiza ma statins, mankhwala antifungal, ndi ena ambiri,
3. Kutalika kugona
4. Kulimbitsa thupi.

Kuchepetsa mtengo

Muzochitika pamene deta yosanthula ikuwonetsa mtengo wotsika wamagawo a cholesterol a SNP, palibe kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic komwe kumawonedwa.

Zikutanthauza chiyani ngati kachigawo ka SNP cholesterol katsitsidwa?

Zotsatira zoterezi sizikhala ndi tanthauzo lililonse m'chipatala ndipo nthawi zina zimawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• Kusintha kwamphamvu m'matumbo am'mapapu,
• Kukhalapo kwa matenda owopsa kapena matenda ena opezeka mu mawonekedwe owopsa,
• Mfupa wam'mafupa
• Kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• Vitamini B12 kapena kuperewera kwa folic acid
• Matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi,
• Kuchulukitsidwa kangapo
• Njira zotupa m'malumikizidwe.

Ngati kafukufuku wazidziwitso akuwonetsa kuti munthuyo ali ndi cholesterol yotsika, koma mulid wa lipid sakukwiya, ndipo mulingo wa LDL ndi wabwinobwino, palibe chifukwa chosinthira. Mankhwala osafunikira safunikira pakakhala zotere. Komabe, kuyesedwa ndi akatswiri akatswiri ndikofunikira. Nthawi zina, ndi iwo omwe amathandizira kuzindikira matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamachepe kwambiri ndi ma liporoteid otsika kwambiri.

Nthawi zina kuchepetsedwa kwa milingo yochepa kwambiri kumathandiza kuzindikira munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda monga hypocholesterolemia. Ndibadwa mwachilengedwe, koma mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka pakadali pano sakudziwikiratu. Odwala omwe ali ndi cholowa cha hypocholesterolemia nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a mtima. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a xanthomas - madongosolo a lipoprotein mu mawonekedwe a zophuka ndi zolembera pakhungu ndi tendons.

Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa milingo ya milomo yochepetsetsa kwambiri kumatheka pokhapokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri. Mwa izi, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake komanso moyenera, zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

Pazigawo za cholesterol zomwe zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Kodi cholesterol yonse ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol chonse ndi gawo lachilengedwe, pafupifupi 80% yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi, gland ya adrenal, impso, ndi matumbo. Muli ma cell nembanemba, osatha kupasuka m'madzi. 20% yokha ya cholesterol yonse imalowa ndi chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta a nyama. Kupezeka kwa mulingo wokwanira wamafuta awa mafuta ndikofunikira pakapangidwe kokhazikika ka vitamini D, mahomoni a steroid opangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland, komanso kupanga ma bile acids.

Kamangidwe ka cholesterol yathunthu imagawidwa m'magawo angapo omwe amasiyana mu maselo osalimba a lipids, omwe ndi:

• LDL - lipids otsika kwambiri,
• HDL - mafuta oopsa kwambiri
• LPPP - lipoproteins wapakatikati,
• VLDLP ndi kachigawo ka cholesterol kochepa kwambiri,
• Ma Chylomicrons ndiwo gawo loyambirira pakupanga mitundu yonse ya lipoprotein.

Zisonyezero za cholesterol yabwinobwino m'magazi zili m'magawo a 3-6 mmol / L. Mukamayesedwa, mulingo wake umakhazikitsidwa mwa kuwunika kwa lipid sipamu yamagazi, yomwe imaperekedwa mu labotore yamankhwala am'magazi. Kafukufuku wamankhwala uyu wazinthu zachilengedwe amakupatsaninso mwayi kudziwa magawo onse a cholesterol.

Mapuloproteins am'maselo akulu

HDL ndi imodzi mwazigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri; kusanthula kwake kumakhala ngati gawo la cholesterol la HDL. Chizindikiro cha mafuta amthupi aanthu awa ndikuchokera pa 0.72 mpaka 1.63 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi. Kwa azimayi, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa milopicotein yozama kwambiri kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.85 mpaka 2.28 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi. Molecule iliyonse ya cholesterol yokhala ndi zinthu zopindulitsa imakhala ndi mapuloteni, triglycerin ndi phospholipid.

Ambiri a lipid omwe amaphatikiza ndi ma cell apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi - hepatocytes. Mtengo waukulu wa cholesterol iyi ndikuchita izi:

• amatsuka maselo a ziwalo zamkati ndi minyewa kuchokera ku cholesterol yowonjezera yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa, kamene kamasokoneza thupi, ndikuwathandizanso kupanga matenda opatsirana ndi atherosulinosis,
• imalepheretsa kupangika kwa cholesterol plaque mkati mwa venous and arteryial, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aubongo azikhazikika, komanso kukhazikika kwa magazi,
• amatenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe ka mahomoni achimuna ndi achikazi monga cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, popanda zomwe magwiridwe antchito yokhazikika, amanjenje, a endocrine ndi osatheka,
• imapereka ntchito yoyendetsera kupulumutsa mamolekyulu a cholesterol kumbuyo kwa chiwindi, komwe mawonekedwe ake amakhudzana ndimomwe amapanga zinthu zowonongeka zomaliza ndi zakunja kunja kwa thupi.

Pali dongosolo lomwe limapangitsa kuti azimayi omwe amakhala ndi HDL m'magazi azikwera pang'ono kuposa amuna. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha gawo la thupi la amayi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana (estrogen). Kuwonjezeka kwa HDL ndizomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chakukulitsa matenda a mtima ndi ziwiya zazikulu. Kutsitsa kuzungulira kwa HDL pansipa kwabwinobwino ndi chizindikiro chosavomerezeka chomwe chimakulitsa chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Gawo ili la cholesterol limagwirizana ndi njira ya metabolic, imathandizira kukhazikika kwa mtima, endocrine ndi mantha system. Kuchepa kwa milingo ya HDL yochepera 40 mg / ml kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima ndi ziwiya zazikulu.

Cholesterol ndi high density lipoproteins (HDL): ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol - Iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka yamafuta m'thupi. Mwanjira iyi, imalowa mu minofu, ndipo imapangidwa kuchokera ku triglycerides - zinthu zosokonekera zamafuta m'mimba yaying'ono. Mthupi la munthu, cholesterol imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• ndi chida chomanga, ndi gawo la makoma amnyumba,
• kukonzedwa mu minofu ndi kutulutsidwa mphamvu kwa biochemical zako,
• amatenga nawo gawo pamagulu a mahomoni ogonana (mwa amuna ndi akazi).

Pafupifupi 80% ya zinthuyo imapangidwa m'chiwindi. Chiwalocho chimasintha mafuta omwe akubwera kukhala mamolekyu a cholesterol. Pafupifupi 20% amalowa mthupi kuchokera kunja. Cholesterol imapezeka mu nsomba za caviar, nyama yamafuta, margarine ndi zakudya yokazinga (sizipezeka mumafuta a masamba okha, koma mapangidwe ake amapezeka nthawi yokazinga).

Zochita zamitundu mitundu mthupi la munthu zimangochitika zokha. Thupi limakhala ndi cholesterol yovomerezeka ndi triglycerides m'magazi moyenera, ngakhale ndizotheka. Mafuta ochulukirapo mumtsinje wamagazi "amatengedwa" ndi akatswiri azachuma - milingo yapamwamba yapamwamba (HDL, HDL).

Izi ndizophatikiza mapuloteni ndi mamolekyulu amafuta. Zidutswa zamafuta zimangirizidwa m'matumba; pamtundu wawo amapezeka mapuloteni - ma receptor. Amakhala ndi chidwi ndi maselo a chiwindi ndipo potero amasamutsa iwo mosagwirizana ndi komwe akupita.

Pali magawo ena a cholesterol - LDL ndi VLDL (otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins). Awa ndi matumba ofanana, koma alibe mapuloteni. Mwanjira imeneyi, cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi imafalikira mpaka minofu. Ndi LDL ndi VLDL zomwe zimangokhala m'matumba ndikupanga cholesterol malo. Izi tizigawo timawonedwa kuti ndi cholesterol "yoyipa".

Kuchulukana kwamankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kakhazikitsidwe ka kuchuluka kwa maselo amafuta m'thumba mpaka kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe ali pamwamba pake.

Lowensens lipoproteins

Ma cellids osachulukitsa amamu ochepa amawonetsedwa pakuwunika kwa biochemical pansi pa cholozera cha LDL. Kachulukidwe kameneka kamankhwala kamankhwala kumawonedwa ngati "koyipa", popeza kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu wake kumabweretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha minofu yamtima ndi zotchinga zamagazi, gland ya endocrine imavutika, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa endocrine ndi machitidwe am'mimba amawonongeka.

Gawo la cholesterol LDL limakulitsidwa pamaso pa zinthu izi:

• kuchuluka kwa zakudya zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a nyama (mazira a nkhuku, mafuta a nkhumba, ubongo wowiritsa, masamba owaza, nyama yankhumba),
• Matenda a chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda enaake, chiwindi, kulephera kwa ziwalo, zotupa m'mitsempha yake.
• matenda a ndulu, komanso zomangira zake, kuonetsetsa kuti bile,
• kumwa pafupipafupi kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a mayonesi (mayonesi, margarine, kufalikira, misuzi yosiyanasiyana yozikidwa pamafuta amafuta, kapena mafuta ophatikiza).

Mlingo wa lipoprotein wokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka ma cell umagawidwa ndi jenda. Pofufuza mwa abambo, kuchuluka kwa LDL kuyenera kukhala kosiyaniratu ndi 2.02 mpaka 4.79 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi. Kwa akazi, chiwerengerochi chimachepetsedwa pang'ono. Kawirikawiri kusanthula kwa cholesterol yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono mwa odwala wamkazi kumayambira 1.92 mpaka 4.51 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka LDL ndikuti mamolekyulu ake ndi apamwamba kuposa kukula kachulukidwe kwambiri. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi, amatha kukhazikika pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu za cholesterol ndikuwongolera makhoma a mitsempha ndi mitsempha yokhala ndi lipid wosanjikiza. Pamapeto pake, izi zimabweretsa kuphwanya kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthupi, kawirikawiri komanso matenda, kufalikira kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha.

Kuwunikira cholesterol yotsika kwambiri kuyenera kuvomerezedwa osachepera 1 m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kutenga amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pachiwopsezo, monga:

• kudutsa gawo la zaka 40, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono mu kagayidwe kachakudya kathupi, kusintha kwa ma hormonal, zochitika zam'mimba zimachepa,
• Kudya mafuta ambiri anyama, yokazinga, yosuta,
• kukhala ndi chibadwa cha hypercholesterolemia kapena atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi (makamaka ngati abale apafupi a mzere wamwamuna kapena wamkazi amathandizidwa ndi ma pathologies awa),
• akudwala matenda a chiwindi ofanana mu mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a hepatitis, cirrhosis, oncological, kusakwanira.

Mafuta ambiri a LDL m'magazi, ngati palibe njira zomwe angatenge kuti muchepetse, angayambitse matenda monga mtima wamitsempha yama mtima omwe amadyetsa impso, matumbo, mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko cha matenda monga chotupa chamagazi chotumphukira sichimaletsedwa, chomwe pamapeto pake chitha kupha. Popewa ma pathologies awa, ndikokwanira kutsitsa mulingo wa LDL munthawi yake.

Wapakatikati kachulukidwe lipoproteins

Mukugawa cholesterol kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta lipid (LSPPs) timapangidwa, komwe, mothandizidwa ndi gawo logaya chakudya lipoprotein lipase, timasandulika kukhala mafuta okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka cell kapena LDL wamba. Mwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi lipid metabolism yachilendo, cholesterol yapakatikati imayamwa ndi ziwindi, ndipo pambuyo poti catabolism imachotsedwa kunja kwa thupi.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa mankhwala apakatikati a cholesterol kumachokera ku masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 1-2, kutengera kuthamanga kwa kagayidwe ka lipid ndi magwiridwe antchito a minyewa ya chiwindi. Matenda a STD mwa amuna ndi 70-160 mg pa 100 ml ya magazi a venous. Mwa akazi, chizindikiro choyenera cha kachulukidwe kolesterol chimachokera ku 60 mpaka 150 mg pa 100 ml ya magazi omwe amatengedwa kuti awunike.

Kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana kumapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa a chiwindi omwe amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo, kapena kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la hypercholesterolemia. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma STD kumaphatikizidwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa triglycerides m'mwazi.

Osachepera otsika kwambiri lipids

Ili ndi mtundu wamatumbo a lipoproteins amitundu yonse. VLDL imapangidwa mu minyewa ya chiwindi kuchokera ku zovuta za phospholipids, mamolekyulu a cholesterol athunthu, komanso triglycerides. Mafuta, omwe amalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya, samakhala ndi lipoprotein wokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka mamolekyulu. Mothandizidwa ndi michere yam'mimba ya chiwindi, VLDLP imasinthidwa kukhala mapuloteni a lipid-protein ndikukhala lipoproteins yokhala ndi zochepa komanso zapakati pa maselo osokoneza bongo.

Kusanthula kwa lipoproteins kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri kwamaselo kumachitika ndi njira yoyeserera magazi. Mwa amuna ndi akazi, chizolowezi cha zinthu zonsezo ndichopanda chimodzi - kuyambira 0,26 mpaka 1,04 mmol pa 1 lita imodzi ya magazi. Ngati kachigawo ka cholesterol cha SNP kadzatsitsidwa, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zotupa mu minyewa ya chiwindi, kapena kufa kwa hepatocytes.

Kukopa kwa zinthu zotsatirazi kumatha kukulitsa milingo ya lipids yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka maselo:

• matenda a chiwindi amene amachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa minofu yake,
• kutupa kwa kapamba, kapena kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga,
• matenda a kunenepa kwambiri,
• khansa ya prostate
• Matenda oyamba a endocrine system, omwe amachititsa kuti mahomoni azitha kuchepa (hyperthyroidism of the chithokomiro chithokomiro).

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chakuchulukira kwa lipoprotein kumeneku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, okazinga, osuta zakudya. Kumwa pafupipafupi mowa, kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhalabe ndi moyo kumapangitsanso kuwonjezeka kwa VLDL, komwe pambuyo pake kumadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" yonse.

Chylomicrons

Kachigawo kakang'ono ka cholesterol, kamene kamapangidwa molekyulu momwe kamakhala ndi mulifupi kwambiri. Ma lipoprotein awa ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ophatikizika ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta acids. Molekyu iliyonse imakhala yokutira ndi kapisozi kuphatikizapo phospholipids ndi mapuloteni. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za ma chylomicrons ndi izi:

• kutumiza kwamafuta omwe amalowa mthupi kuchokera kumatumbo kupita ku ziwalo zina zamkati,
• mayendedwe a lipids ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku lumen ya matumbo am'mimba kupita ku maselo a chiwindi kuti atembenukire ku lipoproteins yamaulusi osiyanasiyana a ma cell.
• khalani ngati otsogola a VLDL.

Chiyambireni cha mapangidwe a chylomicron chimayamba m'matumbo aang'ono, pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa triglycerides omwe amalowa m'matumbo am'mimba ndi chakudya kumachitika. Ma Chylomicrons ndi mafuta 33% ndi mapuloteni 25%. Kusiya khoma lamatumbo ang'onoang'ono, kachigawo kamene kameneka kamalowa m'matumbo a lymphatic. Pambuyo polowera m'magazi, ma chylomicron amaphatikizana ndi ma lipids apamwamba kwambiri am'mimba, omwe amadzaza ndi kuchuluka kwama protein ena. Njirayi imawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo la chylomicron kucha. Ndikotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi mothandizidwa ndi chakudya, kukana mafuta a nyama.

Mwa anthu omwe alibe matendawa, gawo la chylomicron limapezeka m'magazi nthawi yakatha kapena kumapeto kwake, ndipo limazimiririka pokhapokha chakudya chisanafike pakudya maola opitilira asanu. Kupezeka kokhazikika kwa kachigawo kameneka mu seramu yamagazi kumawonetsa kuperewera kwa michere ya m'mimba yomwe imaphwanya mafuta, shuga mellitus, myeloma, kapena matenda a chiwindi.

C cholesterol chonse (cholesterol)

General cholesterol ndi lingaliro wamba. Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu onse a lipid omwe amayenderera m'magazi ndipo ndi gawo la ziwalo za thupi. C cholesterol yonse imakhala ndi lipoprotein omwe amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yolimba, yomwe imawunika udindo wawo wachilengedwe. Gawo lalikulu la chinthuchi limapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo limatchedwa endo native cholesterol. Chigawo chochepa cha cholesterol chimapezeka m'thupi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ambiri.

Zigawo za cholesterol yathunthu imayimiriridwa ndi LDL, HDL, HDL, VLDL, chylomicrons. Popeza atsimikiza kuchuluka kwawo, kuchuluka kwa ma atherogenic kungawerengeredwe. Chizindikirochi chili ndi kufunikira kwakutali pakuwunika chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa zam'magazi a mtima, komanso mavuto omwe matendawa amakumana nawo.

Ndi zakudya zosayenera ndi moyo wanu, pali kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yamagazi, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu sikupitirira 5.2 mmol / L. Matenda a metabolism amatsogolera ku hypercholesterolemia, yomwe simadutsa popanda kufufuza thupi.

HDL (yabwino) - kuchuluka kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol

High density lipoproteins kapena HDL ndi kachigawo ka cholesterol chomwe chimakhala ndi katundu "wabwino". Molekyulu ya zinthu imakhala ndi phospholipid, protein ndi triglyceride. Kuchulukana kwake kumayambira pa 1.065 mpaka 1.22 g / ml. Tsamba la mapangidwe a HDL ndi hepatocytes.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mamolekyuwo ndikuchotsa maselo amthupi omwe amapezeka mu iwo. Izi ndizowona makamaka makamaka pakapangidwe ka cholesterol plaques pa mtima endothelium. HDL imasangalalanso cholesterol kuma cell a chiwindi, komwe imachitika catabolism, kenako zinthu zowola zimachoka m'thupi.

M'magazi a akazi, kuchuluka kwa HDL kumakhala kocheperako kuposa amuna. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mayendedwe awo a mahomoni. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikirocho kumawoneka ngati anti-atherogenic factor, ndipo kuchepa, mmalo mwake, kumawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa matenda atherosclerosis.

LDL (yoyipa) - otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol

Low Density Lipoproteins kapena LDL - Mtundu wa cholesterol uwu ndi atherogenic kapena "woyipa." Mamolekyulu ake ali ndi misa ochepera kuposa HDL, koma kukula kwake ndikokulirapo. Udindo wawo wachilengedwe ndikuwongolera cholesterol kuchokera ku hepatocytes kupita ku ziwalo zofunika za thupi. LDL imatha kuyikidwamo m'njira yamafuta am'madzi pamwamba pa maselo amapanga zingwe zamitsempha yamagazi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya LDL kumadziwika mwa anthu omwe adutsa zaka 40, komanso mwa iwo omwe amadya zakudya zochuluka ndi nyama ndi mafuta a transgenic. Hypercholesterolemia ya nthawi yayitali imakhala yodziwika ndi kukula kwa atherosulinosis komanso zovuta zake (ngozi ya cerebrovascular, infarction ya myocardial, thrombosis). Pofuna kupewa zovuta, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kuti mumve za lipid.

LPPP-cholesterol yapakatikati kachulukidwe lipoprotein

Wapakati kachulukidwe lipoproteins ndi chipangidwe cha kusintha kwa otsika kwambiri osalimba a lipoprotein kukhala otsika osalimba lipoproteins. Kusinthaku kumachitika m'madzi am'magazi chifukwa chogwira ntchito ya lipoprotein lipase. Kutengera kuti ma mamolekyuluwo ndi omwe amapanga LDL, amatha kuwerengedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya "cholesterol" yoyipa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana m'magazi seramu kumawonetsa chiopsezo chotukuka kwa mtima wamitsempha yamagazi, kuphatikizapo atherosulinosis. Kuzungulira kwa ma lipoproteins apakatikati mu plasma yamagazi kumakhala kwakanthawi, chifukwa iwo amapita msanga ku gawo lina. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa tinthu timeneti kumawonedwa mwa anthu omwe amamwa mafuta azakumwa komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

VLDL - otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol

VLDL ndi kachigawo ka SNPs kamene mamolekyulu awo amathandizira pakuyendetsa cholesterol kuchokera ku hepatocytes kupita ku maselo a ziwalo zina zofunika. Mamolekyu awo amapangidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera ku triglycerides; amakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu komanso zochepa kachulukidwe. Triglycerides ndi mamolekyulu amafuta omwe amalowetsedwa kudzera khoma lamatumbo kuchokera ku chakudya. Mu chiwindi, mothandizidwa ndi ma enzymes, kusintha kwawo kupita ku VLDL kumachitika, ndikutsatira LDL. Kwambiri mlingo wa triglycerides, kwambiri VLDL amapangidwa.

Kuti akhazikitse mtundu wa dyslipidemia, ndikofunikira kudziwa mulingo wosangokhala VLDL, komanso magawo ena a cholesterol mu labotale. Kuwonjezeka kwa chisonyezo kukuwonetsa chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa cholesterol pamitsempha yam'mimba yotupa. Ngati palibe chochitika chotsitsa seramu cholesterol, mwayi wopanga atherosulinosis ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Chidule tebulo la zidutswa za cholesterol m'magazi

Cholesterol yaulere imawonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa thupi, kumathandizira njira yachilengedwe. Sayansi yamakono yaphunzira bwino mowa wamafuta awa wa polyhydric, ndikuigawa m'magawo azigawo. Gawoli likuwunikiratu zonse zokhudza cholesterol ndi mitundu yake.

Ndi yachibadwa magwiridwe antchito kagayidwe, makamaka mafuta kagayidwe, ndende ya seramu cholesterol imakhalabe wokhazikika. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimawopseza zinthu (kufika pa kukhala munthu wamkulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osokoneza bongo komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, kusuta fodya, kukonda zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kukhalabe ndi moyo wopanikizika, kupsinjika kwakanthawi) - hypercholesterolemia imachitika. Kuyanjana pakati pa magawo a "zoyipa" ndi "zabwino" a cholesterol amakwiya, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga matenda a mtima.

Kuti muthane ndi vuto la metabolidi ya lipid, ndikofunikira kutenga lipidogram - kuyesa kwa magazi kwamomwe kumathandizira kuyeza zam'magazi a mafuta.

Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa magazi awo

Ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa HDL, zizindikirazo ndizopanda pake. Ndikosatheka kudziwa kupatuka kwa iwo. Zotsatira zodalirika zimaperekedwa ndi kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Zomangamanga zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Pambuyo pofufuza mu labotale, mbiri ya lipid yamagazi imapangidwa (mulingo wambiri wazigawo zosiyanasiyana za mamolekyulu amafuta). Zimaphatikizapo: HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides.

Kusanthula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamimba yopanda kanthu, simungathe kudya maola 8 musanachitike njirayi, imwani mankhwala, inunso. Amatha kusintha zolakwika. Ndi zoletsedwa kumwa mowa masiku awiri asanafike pokonza.

Kuchulukitsa kwa HDL kumatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi mtundu wa phindu lake. Zigawo zonse za cholesterol zimawerengedwa, ndipo index ya atherogenic imawerengeredwa. Amawonetsa mkhalidwe wa metabolidi ya lipid ambiri. HDL imachotsedwa ku cholesterol yathunthu. Nambala yotsalayo imagawidwanso ndi HDL. Izi ndi zotsatira. Pokhapokha pofufuza mndandanda wa atherogenic pomwe tingalankhule za kupatuka kwa chidutswa chimodzi.

Zikhalidwe za amuna ndi akazi malinga ndi zaka

Mwa amayi ndi abambo, cholesterol chachilengedwe chimasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kake komanso thupi lonse. Thupi lachikazi limafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo, chifukwa ndiwo maziko a kaphatikizidwe ka estrogen (mahomoni achigololo achikazi).

Ndi zaka, kagayidwe kamachepetsa, ndipo chizolowezi cha HDL chikuwonjezeka. Chakudya cholesterol chimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. HDL yochulukirapo ndiyofunika kuyinyamula ndikuwonjezera tizigawo tina ku chiwindi, apo ayi amakhazikika pamakoma a zotengera. Ngati ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri mwa okalamba amachepetsedwa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis chikukula kwambiri.

Gome 1. Chikhalidwe cha HDL mwa akazi pofika zaka.

Tebulo 2. Chikhalidwe cha HDL mwa amuna mbadwo.

Decoding of biochemical magazi mayeso

Gome likuwonetsa malire a chizolowezi cha HDL. Mtengo wa chisonyezo chifukwa chake ungakhale wosiyana: khalani apamwamba kapena otsika.

Ngati ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amatsitsidwa, cholesterol yowonjezereka imasamutsidwa ku chiwindi kuti ikonzeke ndikuukhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Pali chiwopsezo chenicheni pakukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi zotsatira zake.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka, ma conglomerates - zoyendetsa ndizowonjezera m'magazi.

Palibe chiopsezo cha matenda amtima, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kuonetsa matenda akulu.

HDL yokwezeka: izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Chizindikirocho chikuwuka ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• kuledzera
• mafuta chiwindi hepatosis (kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins),
• matenda amitsempha (mtundu wa biliary),
• kagayidwe kazakudya, kunenepa kwambiri,
• matenda obadwa nawo,
• kusakwanira kwa chithokomiro ntchito (hypothyroidism).

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kulumpha mu HDL ndikofunikira. Khunyu limakhala ndi cholesterol, mulingo wake wonse m'magazi umakwera. Maulendo ochulukirapo (HDL) am mamolekyulu amafuta amafunikira.

Ngati matenda omwe ali pamwambawa kulibe, ndipo chizindikiro chikukula, zifukwa zitha kukhala zotsatirazi:

• cholowa cham'tsogolo m'matenda amtima,
• kusuta
• uchidakwa
• kulemera kwakukulu (kokulirapo),
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
• kulephera kwa mtima
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• pambuyo pa sitiroko.

HDL imachulukana molingana ndi cholesterol yathunthu ndi triglycerides. Zolakwika mu chakudya - kuchuluka kwambiri kwamafuta m'thupi kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino". Kupangidwe kwa ma membala a HDL ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo yonyamutsira ku chiwindi kuti ikakonzedwe.

Chifukwa chiyani HDL pansipa ndiyabwinobwino?

Mlingo wa cholesterol "wabwino" umatsikira Popeza palibe mafuta mu chakudya. Cholinga chake chimatha kukhala chakudya chokhwima chomwe chimatengera mapuloteni komanso chakudya. Mulingo wa LDL ndi VLDL umasungidwa pamalire wamba.

Chiwindi chimagwiritsa ntchito malo osungira kuphimba zosowa za minofu ya mphamvu ndi zinthu zomanga. Koma kuchuluka kwa mafuta ofunikira ndi chakudya kulibe. Ma conglomerates a HDL sanapangidwe, mulingo wawo umachepetsedwa. Kuwongolera zakudya pamenepa ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingatulukire. Pambuyo masiku angapo a chakudya chamagulu, mafuta a cholesterol "abwino" amabwerera mwakale.

HDL ikhoza kutsitsidwa chifukwa cha hyperthyroidism. Chotupa cha chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yowonjezera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol imadyedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi matipi, palibe owonjezera omwe atsalira, ma conglomerates samapangidwa kuti ayendetsenso chiwindi.

Zotsatira ngati sizinachitike

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol a HDL akwezekeke zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi. Mkhalidwewo ndi owopsa pakuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha LDL ndi VLDL. Amapangidwa atatha kukonza ma molekyulu ophatikizidwa m'chiwindi. Cholesterol chowonjezera "choyipa" chimangokhala pamakoma a zombo zowonongeka. Mapulatifomu amaphimba ma microdamages, amapanga magazi okuletsa kutaya magazi mkati. Maselo awo ali ndi mlandu wofanana ndi LDL, chifukwa chake amakopeka.

Chovala chamapulatifomu ndi cholesterol "choyipa" ndichopanga cholembera. Popita nthawi, zimawuma, makoma a chotengera amatayika, magazi amayenda. Kuti magazi atulutsidwe kudzera m'ndime yopapatiza yotsekedwa ndi magazi, kukakamira kumawonjezeka. Wodwalayo amakula matenda oopsa. Mtima umayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, myocardium imakulira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri, ndipo kutuluka kwa michere kumasokonekera myocyte (myocardial cell). Pa magawo otukuka, gawo lakufa kwa maselo amderalo limapangidwa. Amataya zakudya komanso mpweya wabwino. Uku ndi kudwala mtima.

Mapangidwe a atherosulinotic (cholesterol) malo.

Vuto linanso la kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi kuchotseka kwa magazi kapena gawo lina la khoma la chotengera. Chovala chimapitirira motsatira mtsinje wamagazi. Imakhazikika mu chotengera choyamba kapena capillary yomwe imadutsapo. Njira ngati izi zikuchitika mumtima, pamakhala vuto la mtima, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Atherosclerosis mu 82% ya milandu imatha msanga komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi. Ndi zofunika kuchitira.

Momwe mungakulitsire zomwe zili ndi ziwopsezo zapamwamba za lipoprotein?

Kuti muwonjezere HDL, muyenera kusamala zakudya zanu. Ngati mavutowa ayambitsidwa ndipo mulingo wa HDL ndi wotsika kwambiri, dokotala amakulemberani mankhwala. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumafunikiranso. Kupereka magazi kwabwino kumadera onse amthupi kumathandizira kuti maselo a atherosselotic achale ndikutchingira mapangidwe atsopano.

Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Ndikupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zikuchitika, zakudya zimakonza vutoli, mosamala mosamala, zimakweza msanga msanga HDH manambala omwe mukufuna. Chachikulu chake ndicho kupatula mafuta azinyama ndikusinthidwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Mafuta athanzi komanso osapatsa thanzi.

• nyama yamafuta
• mafuta anyama, soseji (osuta ndi osasuta),
• msuzi wa nyama
• caviar wofiyira ndi wakuda,
• zakudya zokazinga
• "Zaulere" - mbale (chakudya chofulumira),
• margarine, batala,
• mafuta apamwamba amkaka.

Mafuta ophikira amapezeka mu:

Sinthani mayonesi ndi msuzi wina ndi mafuta a masamba. Sali otsika kukoma ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino mthupi.

Chofunikira kwambiri pa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi ma asidi a polyunsaturated acids: omega-3, omega-6, omega-9. Amatenga malo amafuta a cholesterol, amapezeka m'mafuta a masamba ndi mafuta a nsomba: trout, salmon, mackerel, herring, capelin. Idyani msuzi wa nsomba, zimamwa kwambiri, ndipo mafuta achilengedwe ofunikira amakamizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi thupi.