Kodi ndulu ndi kapamba ndizofanana kapena ayi?

Lero ndikufuna kupitiliza kulankhula nanu za matenda a ndulu ndi kapamba, za chikhodzodzo cha ndulu ndi kapamba. Panthawi yolumikizana pakati pa matenda ndi ziwalozi.

Mukudziwa, kulumikizana kwapafupi kumeneku kunapezeka ndi asayansi kalekale .. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo funso linabuka: bwanji? Inde, kuyandikana, magwero wamba, "ntchito" wamba. Zonsezi, zachidziwikire, zikufotokoza zambiri. Ndipo komabe: ndi njira ziti zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuti matenda a ndulu, monga lamulo, kapamba amadwala, ndi cholelithiasis nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a chamba? Panali maphunziro ambiri osangalatsa, zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosayembekezereka, zopambana zambiri komanso zokhumudwitsa. Ndipo zotsatira zake? Ndipo zotsatira zake ndi chidziwitso chachikulu. Ndipo ndikufuna kukuwuzani za iye lero.

Ndipo ndikuwuzani za "malingaliro a ofala wamba." Monga ndidalemba kale, duct waukulu wa bile ndi duct wamkulu wa kapamba amatuluka mu duodenum. Ndipo amagwera mmalo omwewo - Vipp's nipple. Koma asayansi awona kuti pali njira zingapo zakusintha kwa matalala kumeneku mu duodenum.

Inde, pali njira zingapo. Koma kwa ife zidzakhala zokwanira kugawa zosankha zonsezi m'mitundu iwiri. Loyamba ndi pomwe mavuwo amalumikizana ndikuyenda m'matumbo ndi bowo limodzi asanalowe m'matumbo. Ndipo yachiwiri - pamene ma ducts amalowa m'matumbo payokha, wina aliyense amatseguka m'matumbo ndi dzenje lake. Onani chithunzichi kuti chimveke bwino chomwe ndikunena.

Ndipo tsopano funso ndi: ndikuganiza njira iti yomwe ikusonyeza ubale wapakati pa ndulu ndi kapamba? Ndi ziti mwazisankho zomwe cholelithiasis nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta chifukwa cha kapamba ndi zina? Ndikuganiza kuti yankho silovuta. Inde, poyamba.

Inde, asayansi adazindikira izi ndipo zonena zawo zidatsimikiziridwa. Ndipo malingaliro a "njira wamba" adabadwa. Chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa choncho? Chifukwa asayansi azindikira kuti nthawi zambiri matenda opatsirana amayenda ndi kapamba pomwe ziphuphu zimalumikizana ngakhale asanalowe m'matumbo. Kenako, pakapangika zigawo ziwiri zofunika, kuphatikiza, kupanga njira imodzi. Ndikuwona nthawi yomweyo kuti matumba amenewa amaphatikizana wina ndi mzake mu milandu yoposa 70%.

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumachitika bwanji mu cholelithiasis?

Mukudziwa, vuto ndi chiyani, kuphatikiza izi zikuwoneka kuti onse awiriwa amalankhulana. Ndipo tangolingalirani za nthawi yomwe mwala, ukasiya chikhodzodzo, umadutsa chithokomiro cham'mimba, komanso umalimba, "umakanika" pomwe mbali zonse ziwiri zimaphatikizika, zimalowa mu duodenum. Ndipo izi, mwa njira, zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa malo omwe ma ducts amalowa m'matumbo ndi botolo mu ndulu zonse za ndulu. Kodi chimachitika nchiyani pambuyo pake?

Chiwindi chimapitilirabe kupanga bile. Zikondamoyo zimapitilizanso kugwira ntchito ndikupanga chinsinsi chake. Madzi awa amalowa mu ngalande, ndipo sangathe kutuluka m'matumbo: mwala udatseka njira. Zinsinsi za tiziwalo timeneti timadziunjikira, ndipo zipsinjo zake zimakwera kwambiri. Ndipo izi posachedwa, zimayambitsa kuwombana kwa ma ducts. Misozi, zachidziwikire, zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zosalimba. Pazomwe zimachitika pankhaniyi ndi chiwindi, tayankhula nanu kale m'nkhani "matenda a Gallstone ndi ... jaundice." Tsopano tiyamba kukambirana zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi kapamba.

Kutumphuka kwa ma dancts a pancreatic kumabweretsa kuti zomwe zili mkati mwa duct zilowe mu minofu ya zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo amtundu wapafupi ndi mitsempha yamagazi amang'ambika. Koma kodi m'matumbo a gland mumakhala chiyani? Ma Enzymer omwe amaphwanya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ndiye kuti, zomwe kapamba payekha amakhala. Zowona, mu ma ducts, ma enzyme awa ndi osagwira. Koma ndi zoopsa komanso zotumphukira maselo a pancreatic, ma enzymes awa amathandizira. Ndipo amayamba kugwira ntchito. Njira yodzilimbitsira ndulu ija imayamba. Acute pancreatitis ndi pancreatic necrosis amayamba: matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa!

Nayi njira yotengera kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi kukula kwa kapamba am'mimba mu cholelithiasis. Monga mukuwonera, ndi miyala ya gallbladder (cholelithiasis) yomwe idayambitsa pancreatitis pamenepa. Kunali kutuluka kwa mwalawo kuchokera mu ndulu ndi kutsekera kwa ma ducts komwe kudadzetsa tsokali.

Chifukwa chake, mobwerezabwereza ndimakulimbikitsani kuti muganizire ngati ndi koyenera kusunga chikhodzodzo ndi miyala yomwe imapereka chiwopsezo cha hepatic colic ndipo nthawi iliyonse imatha kubweretsa pancreatitis yacute komanso pancreatic necrosis. Ndiyenera kuyesa kuthamangitsa miyala mu ndulu?

Kupatula apo, palibe amene amadziwa momwe miyala iyi idzakhalire mu nthawi yomwe imatchedwa "chizunzo". Palibe amene angadziwe ngati angaloledwe kulowa mu duodenum kapena kukhazikika mumsewu, kudzetsa mavuto akulu.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti, zachidziwikire, kapamba samachitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha matenda a gallstone. Pali zifukwa zinanso. Koma inu ndi ine timakondwera ndi cholelithiasis yeniyeni, chifukwa chake sitifotokoza zifukwa zina apa.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso changa chikuthandizani kumvetsetsa matenda anu, kukuthandizani kupanga chisankho cholondola ndikupulumutsani ku zolakwitsa zambiri! Zaumoyo kwa inu ndi moyo wabwino! Ndikhulupirireni, zonsezi zili m'manja mwanu!

Malo ndi ntchito ya ndulu

Ndulu ya gallbladder ili mu gawo lakunja kwa gawo lamanja la chiwindi. Chimafanana ndi mawonekedwe a peyala kapena chulu. Kukula kwa limba titha kufananizira ndi dzira laling'ono la nkhuku. Chimawoneka ngati thumba loyambira.

Kapangidwe ka thupilo kamakhala gawo logawika pansi (gawo lokwakulitsidwa), thupi (pakati) ndi khosi (gawo lopendekera) la ndulu. Zina zomwe zilipo ndi zotumphukira za hepatic ndi cystic, zomwe zimaphatikizika mumtunda wamba wa 6-8 cm. Khosi limafika mpaka 3.5 cm mu cystic duct.Kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yosalala ya m'mimba (Lutkens sphincter), bile ndi pancreatic juice imatumizidwa ku duodenum 12.

Chomera chomwe chimasungidwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi chimalowa m'matumbo. Gawo lachiwiri limadziunjikira mu ndulu. Ndi madzi amadzimadzi obiriwira. Popeza madzi amalowetsedwa m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa ndulu kumachulukana kangapo. Muli bilirubin, cholesterol, bile pigment ndi ma acid.

Kwa tsiku limodzi m'thupi la munthu, pafupifupi 1500 ml ya bile amapangidwa. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutenga nawo gawo pazakudya: bile ndi chothandizira chomwe chimayambitsa mitundu yonse ya ma enzyme, makamaka lipase. Kuphatikiza apo, bile imagwira ntchito zotere mthupi:

• imaphwanya mafuta kumamolekyu ang'onoang'ono omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta azikhala ndi ma enzymes,
• timapitiriza matumbo kuyenda, mayamwidwe a vitamini K ndi mafuta,
• Imakhala ndi bactericidal momwe ndipo imalepheretsa njira zowola.

Chakudya chikalowa m'mimba ndi duodenum, chiwindi chimayamba kupaka bile.

Chikhodzodzo ndulu chimagwira ngati chosungira chowonjezera cha bile. Sungakhale ndi madzi ambiri - 60 ml. Komabe, ndulu yolowa mu chiwalochi imakhazikika kwambiri. Chizindikirochi chimadutsa nthawi 10 za kuchuluka kwa bile komwe kumatulutsa chiwindi.

Chifukwa chake, gallbladder yomwe imagwira, yomwe imalowanso m'matumbo, imapanga 1/3 ya buku latsiku lililonse la bile lomwe limatulutsidwa.

Malo ndi ntchito za kapamba

Cancreas ndi glandular organ yomwe imagwira ntchito ya endocrine ndi exocrine.

Ili mu peritoneum kumbuyo kwa m'mimba m'chigawo cha epigastric pafupi ndi ndulu. Gawo lakumanzere limalowa mu hypochondrium yamanzere. Chikwama cha gland chimalekanitsa m'mimba ndi kapamba. Chiwalo cham'mbuyo chili pafupi ndi mitsempha ndi msempha.

Zikondwererozi zimakhala ndi magawo angapo - mutu, thupi ndi mchira. Gawo lokhala ndi chiwalochi ndi zimbudzi zobisika zomwe zimatseguka ndikuwala kwa duodenum. Apa ndipomwe madzi a pancreatic, ofunikira pakugaya, amapeza. Gawo la endocrine limakhala ndi zisumbu za kapamba, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zilumba za Langerhans, zomwe zimapezeka mchira wa kapamba.

Zikondazo zimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika, zogawanika kukhala zakunja (endocrine) ndi mkati (exocrine).

Intra secretory function - kuwongolera shuga komanso kagayidwe kachakudya. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu a zilumba za Langerhans alipo mgulu ili. Muli mitundu inayi ya maselo omwe amathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi udindo wopanga mahomoni enaake:

1. Ma cell a Alpha secrete glucagon, omwe amathandizira shuga.
2. Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulin, yomwe imachepetsa shuga.
3. Maselo a Delta amatulutsa somatostatin, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito ya alpha ndi beta cell.
4. Maselo a PP amatulutsa pancreatic polypeptide (PPP), yomwe imachepetsa kubisala kwa chiwalo ndikuwonjezera kubisika kwa madzi a m'mimba.

Ntchito ya exocrine ndi njira yogaya chakudya. Mapaipi amapangira michere yapadera yomwe imathandizira kugwetsa chakudya (nthawi zambiri yovuta), mapuloteni ndi lipids (mafuta).

Thupi limapanga ma enzymes osagwira ntchito yotchedwa proenzymes, kapena ma proenzymes. Akalowa mu duodenum 12, enteropeptidase imayambitsa, ndikupanga amylase (pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya), proteinase (ya mapuloteni) ndi lipase (yamafuta).

Ma enzymes onsewa ndi gawo la madzi a pancreatic, omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya.

Matenda a gallbladder

Kawirikawiri zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo a gallbladder ndi matenda a ndulu, cholecystitis, komanso polyps ndi dyskinesia wa ziwalo.

Mu nthenda ya ndulu, miyala (miyala) imapangika m'miyendo ndi ndulu. Pakadali pano, oposa 10% ya anthu omwe ali m'maiko olemera ali ndi matendawa.

Cholecystitis nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a gallstone, momwe microflora yam'magazi imapangidwa ndipo kutuluka kwa bile kumasokonezeka. Zotsatira zake, kutupa kwa ndulu kumachitika.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika nthawi zonse komanso mawonekedwe. Pachimake cholecystitis agawika mitundu yambiri:

• catarrhal (kuchititsa kupweteka kwambiri mu epigastrium ndi hypochondrium),
• phlegm (ululu umawonedwa ngakhale ndikusintha kwa malo, kupuma ndi kutsokomola, munthu ali ndi vuto la tachycardia ndi kutentha kwa thupi),
• gangrenous (kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chokwanira, chithunzi chodziwika bwino chachipatala).

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mu 99% ya milandu, kuchotsedwa kwa ndulu kumathetsa mavuto aliwonse. Zomwe zimapangidwira sizimakhudza chimbudzi ndi ntchito yofunika ya munthu wonse.

Matenda a kapamba

Matenda ofala kwambiri a kapamba ndi kapamba komanso matenda ashuga, ma pseudocysts, ma neoplasms oopsa komanso cystic fibrosis samapezeka kawirikawiri.

Pancreatitis ndi zovuta pama syndromes pomwe kutupa kwa kapamba kumachitika.

Izi ndichifukwa cha kutsegula kwa ma enzymes mu gland yakeyo. Zotsatira zake, samakhala mu duodenum ndikuyamba kugaya gland palokha. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kapamba:

• purulent (kutupa kwa phlegmous, kapangidwe ka micro- ndi microabscesses),
• biliary (kutupa kwa kapamba ndi zotupa za chiwindi ndi m'mimba thirakiti),
• hemorrhagic (chiwonongeko cha parenchyma ndi mtima dongosolo),
• mowa pachimake (amapezeka ndi kumwa kamodzi kapena kosalekeza).

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi mliri wa zaka za m'ma 2000 zino. Amadziwika ndi tsankho (mtundu II) kapena wathunthu (mtundu II) poletsa kupanga insulin. Zotsatira zake, pali kuwonjezeka kwa glucose wamagazi.

Kupewa matenda am'mimba

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya ndulu ndi kapamba.

Popeza ntchito ya ndulu ndi kapamba ndizogwirizana kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungatetezere ziwalozi kuchokera kuzinthu zoyipa zakunja.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalozi ndizachikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pakuchotsa kwawo malamulo ena ndi malingaliro ayenera kutsatiridwa.

Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizaponso malingaliro otsatirawa:

1. Kuletsa zakudya zamafuta, amchere, osuta, osankhidwa ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Kuphika kuyenera kuchitidwa chofewa, kuphika kapena kuwiritsa.
2. Kuwongolera kunenepa kwambiri kwamthupi komanso moyo wokangalika Munthu aliyense ayenera kuyenda osachepera mphindi 30 mpaka 40 tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito ndi kupuma ziyenera kusinthana.
3. Kupewa kugwedezeka mwamphamvu kwamalingaliro. Monga mukudziwa, kupsinjika ndi gawo la matenda osiyanasiyana amunthu, makamaka m'mimba.
4. Konzekerani kudutsa njira zina zofufuzira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira kusintha kwa matenda am'mapapo kapena chikhodzodzo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndizakudya zopatsa thanzi. Maziko amatengedwa nambala 5 malinga ndi Pevzner.

Popewa kupititsa patsogolo kwa kapamba kapena cholecystitis, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zopatsa modekha muzakudya. Pankhaniyi, masamba amatengedwa bwino kwambiri mu mawonekedwe owiritsa kapena grated.

Chakudya chimagawidwa kukhala nthawi 5-6, ndipo magawo azikhala ochepa. Amaloledwa kudya chakudya chotentha wamba, osati chotentha kwambiri kapena chozizira. Pazakudya za 5 ndi kapamba, mutha kuyika zotsatirazi:

• Mitundu yamafuta ochepa ndi nyama ndi nsomba,
• skim mkaka ndi zotumphukira zake,
• zipatso zouma, zipatso, maapulo ndi nthochi,
• mbewu zilizonse
• mafuta masamba
• mbatata, phwetekere, nkhaka, beets,
• mkate wa dzulo, makeke a Maria,
• tiyi wobiriwira, msuzi wa rosehip, kissel, uzvar.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matenda am'matumbo apezeka pafupipafupi chifukwa cha moyo wopanda mphamvu, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri.

Matenda a chikhodzodzo ndi ndulu amayenera kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala ndi opaleshoni. Palibe wowerengeka azitsamba omwe angachiritse matendawa.

Zinthu za chiwongola dzanja, chikhodzodzo ndi kapamba zimakambidwa kanema munkhaniyi.

Chikhodzodzo ndi chikhodzodzo ndichofanana kapena ayi - Chithandizo cha chiwindi

Chikhodzodzo ndi chiwalo chopanda ntchito cham'mimba chogaya, chokhudzana ndi chothandizira. Chiwalo chaching'onochi chimagwira ntchito zofunika mthupi. Kupeza chikhodzodzo mu chithunzi ndizosavuta kwambiri. Ili pafupi ndi chiwindi ndipo imawoneka ngati kachikwama kakang'ono.

Ndi mbali iti? Komwe kuli ndulu mwa anthu ndiko hypochondrium yoyenera, malo apansi a chiwindi. Ili pakati pa lobes yake (kumanja ndi lalikulu) ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi iyo ndi duct ya bile. Njira ina yolumikizidwa ndi duodenum.

Gallbladder anatomy

Mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi sembe yokhala ngati peyala. Kutengera ndi kudzazidwa, kumatha kukhala cylindrical kapena kozungulira.

Pamodzi ndi ma ducts a bile, amapanga dongosolo lozungulira.

Magawo a ndulu ndi thupi, khosi komanso pansi. Pansi pake limatuluka pansi pa chiwindi kutsogolo ndipo limatha kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound.

Thupi limakhala pakati pa pansi ndi cystic duct, kudzera momwe bile kuchokera mumitseko imalowa mu wamba bile duct. Gawo lake lopapatiza, likudutsa mu cystic bile duct, limatchedwa khosi la ndulu.

Kudzera kwa khomo lachiberekero kudzera mu cystic duct, chamkati limalumikizana ndi gawo lina lonse la biliary. Kutalika kwa ndulu ya ndulu ndi pafupifupi 4 cm.

Kutalika kwa m'mimba kumafika masentimita 7-10, m'mimba mwake m'munsi mwa pansi - 2-3 masentimita. Kuchuluka kwake ndi 50 ml.

Khoma lakumaso moyandikana ndi chiwindi ndi mbali yakumanzere yakumaso yomwe ikupezeka pamatumbo limadzipatula.

Khomali limaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo:

• Kunja - nembanemba wa serous.
• Zosanjikiza.
• Mkati ndi epithelium.
• Mucous nembanemba.

Zojambula pamtanda:

• Holotopia. Dera lachigawo kumanja.
• Syntopy. Khoma lapamwamba la kapamba limalumikizana bwino ndi chiwindi, komwe amapanga fossa wamtundu wolingana. Nthawi zina kuwira kumawoneka kokhazikika mu parenchyma. Khoma lakumunsi limakonda kulumikizana ndi matumbo a colon transverse, ocheperako kwambiri ndi m'mimba ndi duodenum. Pansi podzaza kumakhudza khoma lam'mimba.
• Skeletonotopy: pansi pa phata kumayesedwa mbali yakumanja pafupi ndi gawo la cartilage ya IX ndi nthiti za X. Mwanjira ina, zonena zitha kupezeka polumikizana ndi chipilala chamtengo wokwera komanso mzere wolumikiza navelyo pamwamba pa axillary fossa yamanja.

Kuthira kwa magazi kwa chiwalo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi chotupa cham'mimba - nthambi yamitsempha yama hepatic. Magazi amatuluka kuchokera mu mtsempha wamitsempha kulowa munthambi yoyenera yamitsempha yamkati.

Ma ducts a bile ndi ziwalo zobisika zomwe zimatsimikizira kutuluka kwa ndulu kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita mu duodenum. Ma hepatic ducts (kumanja ndi kumanzere) amaphatikizana ndikupanga hepatic duct, yomwe imalumikizana ndi cystic. Zotsatira zake, bile duct wamba imapangidwa, yomwe imatseguka ndikuwunikira kwa duodenum.

Kodi ndulu ndi chiyani?

Udindo waukulu wa ndulu mthupi la munthu ndi kudzikundikira kwa ndulu, komwe kumapangidwa m'chiwindi, komanso zotuluka zake mu duodenum pakupaya chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiye amachititsa kuti mchere ubwezeretsedwe kwa magazi ndi ma amino acid m'magazi, komanso kumasula kwa mahomoni anticholecystokinin ndi ntchofu.

Ma hepatocytes amunthu wathanzi amapanga malita 0,5 mpaka 1.5 a bile patsiku. Kuchokera ku chiwindi kudzera pa ma network ovuta, bile limalowa ndulu.

M'mimba, imakhazikika, ndipo zinthu zofunikira pakubaya zimatsalira:

• Dizoxycholic, cholic ndi ma asidi ena.
• Potaziyamu ndi mchere wa sodium.
• Phospholipids, cholesterol, mapuloteni, bile pigment ndi zinthu zina.

Bile imayamba kupulumutsidwa kuchokera ku chikhodzodzo pokhapokha chakudya chikalowa m'matumbo. Ikawoneka mu duodenum, kapamba amachepetsedwa ndipo bile limatumizidwa kudzera mu duct ya bile.

Ntchito za ndulu munyama ndi motere:

• Neutralization wa chapamimba madzi.
• Kuseweretsa pancreatic ndi michere michere.
• Kukondoweza kwa matumbo motility.
• Kupewa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyipa m'matumbo.
• Kutulutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi poizoni.

Nanga mukufuniranji chikhodzodzo? M'matumbo, chakudya chimayamba ndi michere ya kapamba ndi matumbo aang'ono. Izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati zili ndi zamchere, motero bile limatulutsa asidi m'mimba, chakudya chama protein chimakhala ndi hydrochloric acid) pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wa sodium ndi potaziyamu.

Kupititsa patsogolo michere ya kapamba ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono, kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni - anticholicystokinin ndi secretin. Ndiye asidi amene ali mu bile limapukusira ndipo amawululira mafutawo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito michere yamatumbo.

Kuyala kumapangitsa kuti matumbo asamayende bwino komanso kuthandizira kuyenda kosavuta kwa chakudya, komanso kuphatikiza michere yam'mimba kuchokera m'matumbo.

Chikhodzodzo chimagwiranso ntchito pochotsa cholesterol yochulukirapo, komanso bilirubin, mchere wamchere ndi zinthu zina zoopsa m'thupi.

Anomalies a m'matumbo ndi biliary thirakiti

Anomalies a chikhodzodzo amatha kupanga nthawi ya fetal. Monga lamulo, pali awiri a iwo - kusowa kwa chiwalo ndi kupangika kwake. Agawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kutengera malo, chilengedwe ndi zinthu zina. Kusiyanitsa:

• Agenesis - limba silipangidwa.
• Aplasia - pali ma ducts a bile komanso osagwira ntchito ya chikhodzodzo.
• Hypoplasia ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi minofu yopanda maziko.

ZhP ikhoza kukhala ndi malo osowa:

• Pansi pa mbali ya kumanzere kwa chiwindi.
• Pafupi naye.
• Mkati mwake.
• Khalani ndi dongosolo lakumanzere.

Thupi loyenda likhoza kulowa m'malo mwa:

• Kunja kwa chiwindi, mkati mwa peritoneum.
• Ilibe kukonza ndi chiopsezo chowonjezera cha kuponderezana ndi zopindika.
• Kwathunthu kunja kwa chiwindi, chimaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mesentery yayitali, imakutidwa ndi minofu ya peritoneal.

Kuphatikiza apo, thirakiti la m'mimba limatha kukhala lopanda malo ambiri, kuwirikiza, kupikisana, komanso kukhala ndi ziwalo zitatu zodziyimira pawokha.

Anomalies amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha constriction kapena ma kink. Pankhaniyi, HP ikhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Anomalies amathandizidwa ndimankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito physiotherapy ndi zakudya. Nthawi zina, amachitidwa opaleshoni.

Biliary dyskinesia

Amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka mu motility yam'mimba komanso bile ducts ndikuphwanya kutuluka kwa bile. Amadziwika ndi chimbudzi chopweteka, mseru, kupweteka mu hypochondrium, mantha.

Amakula nthawi zambiri mwa achinyamata, nthawi zambiri motsutsana ndi maziko omwe amakhumudwitsa psyche.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka limodzi ndi matenda ena am'mimba: gastritis, kapamba, cholecystitis, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zina.

Ndi bysary dyskinesia, zovuta mankhwala ikuchitika, kuphatikizapo matenda zakudya, zakudya, mankhwala a matenda a matenda, kumwa antiparasitic mankhwala, antispasmodics ndi mankhwala ena.

Matenda a Gallstone

Matendawa ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kwa kusinthana kwa bilirubin ndi cholesterol ndikupanga miyala yosiyanasiyana m'matumbo a chikhodzodzo, chiwindi ndi bile duct. Cholelithiasis imatha kupitilira popanda chizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali, koma mwala utalowa mu mzere wocheperako, kumenyedwa kumadziwika kuti hepatic colic.

Chithandizo chimatha kukhala chosasangalatsa komanso kuchitidwa opareshoni. Muli ndikutsatira kudya komwe kumaletsedwa ndi mafuta a nyama, kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa mapangidwe amiyala ndikuthandizira kuchotsedwa kwawo, chithandizo cha spa. Kuti muchepetse kupweteka, ma analgesics ndi spasmolytics amatengedwa, pankhani ya kachilombo ka bacteria, maantibayotiki amatengedwa.

Ndi njira yamakani, mobwerezabwereza imayambiranso komanso kusagwira ntchito kwamankhwala ochiritsira, ndi mafuta odzola komanso kufinya kwa m'mimba, mapangidwe a fistulas, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikusonyezedwa.

Matenda a cholecystitis

Awa ndi matenda otupa a mkati mwa m'mimba popanda kupangika miyala. Zomwe zikuchitikazo ndizambiri:

• Bacteria matenda.
• Matenda a parasitic.
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana.
• Kusakhazikika kwa bile.
• Pancreatitis
• Hepatitis.
• Kubwezera kutulutsa kuchokera m'matumbo a bile omwe amakhala ndi ma pancreatic enzymes, omwe, kamodzi m'matumbo, amayamba kugaya makhoma ake.

Cholangin ndimatenda oyipa kapena osakhazikika amtundu wamabala, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Zitha kuchitika mutachotsa kapamba Kuchiza kumachitika ndi antibacterial, antispasmodic, antiparasitic, anti-kutupa mankhwala. Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imafunika.

Chotupa chowopsa

Khansa yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi kupweteka kwambiri komanso kupezeka koyambirira kwa metastases. Ikhoza kukhala squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri, njira ya oncological imayamba m'mimba yokhala ndi matenda osakhazikika. Mankhwalawa amakhala makamaka pakuthandizira opaleshoni, chemotherapy.

Kodi ndulu imalumikizana bwanji ndi kapamba? ⚕️

Chikhodzodzo ndi chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo zomwe zimalumikizana mwamphamvu komanso zimagwira ntchito. Amakhala pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe wamba omwe amatsegula kudzera mu sphincter ya Oddi kupita ku lumen ya duodenum (duodenum). Popanda magwiridwe antchito awo, njira yogaya chakudya imasokonekera.

Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa chimbudzi cha chakudya ndi njira yotupa m'magawo onse awiri. Mphamvu ya ndulu nthawi ya kupangika kwa calculi mkati mwake kapena kukula kwa njira yotupa pa kapamba ndi yayikulu: kutuluka kwa bile kumasokonekera, kupezeka kwa madzi a pancreatic kumatha kutha.

Chichewa chimatha kulowa kulowa mu ndulu ndikutupa kwambiri mmenemo.

Kodi kapamba ndi ndulu zili kuti?

Cancreas (kapamba) imakhala yotulutsa, motero, sizotheka kuluma pakamayesedwa. Poyerekeza khoma lakutsogolo kwam'mimba, amawonetsedwa masentimita 5 mpaka pamwamba pa msomali, thupi limasunthidwa kumanzere kwa midline, mchira umapita ku hypochondrium yamanzere.

Kutikako kumakhala pafupi pang'ono, mutu kumunsi ndikuphimbidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa duodenum mwa mawonekedwe a khola la akavalo, moyang'anizana ndi m'mimba kuchokera kumtunda (wopatulidwa ndi peritoneum kuchokera pamenepo), mchira umalunjikitsidwa kumanzere, wokhotakhota ndipo umalumikizana ndi ndulu ndi mbali ya kupindika kolowera.

Kumanja kumalire ndi chiwindi, pansi - kachigawo kakang'ono ndi gawo lopingasa, kumbuyo - kumanzere kwa adrenal gland komanso mbali ya impso yakumanzere. Zikondazo ndizoyandikana kwambiri ndi khoma lachiberekero lam'mimba pamlingo wotsatira wa thoracic komanso woyamba wa lumbar vertebrae.

Pamalo a supine okha ndi kapamba pansi pamimba.

Gallbladder (GI) ili mu hypochondrium yamanja yam'mimba pansi pa chiwindi, pakukhumudwa kwapadera. Amalumikizidwa ndi chiwindi chokhala ndi minyewa yoonda yolumikizana. Apezeka pang'ono kumanja kwa KDP.

Ili ndi mawonekedwe a peyala: gawo lake lonse (pansi) limatuluka pansi pa chiwindi, ndipo khosi lopendekera (khosi) limadutsa bwino mu cystic duct 3-4 masentimita, limalumikizana ndi hepatic, ndikupanga bile duct.

Kenako imalumikizana ndi Wingsung duct wa kapamba, ndipo nthawi zina imatsegukira payokha ndikuwunikira kwa duodenum. GI ilinso ndi mwayi wolowa m'matumbo.

Ntchito za kapamba ndi chikhodzodzo ndima

Ntchito zomwe zimachitika ndi kapamba ndi m'mimba ndimayang'anitsitsa chimbudzi chokwanira cha chakudya chomwe chikubwera. Udindo wa ziwalozi pokonza chimbudzi ndiwosiyana, koma ntchito yawo yonse imaphatikizanso kuphwanyidwa kwa magawo a chakudya ndi kupatsanso thupi zinthu zofunika komanso mphamvu.

Kasitomala, potengera kapangidwe kake, amapangidwira kaphatikizidwe ka madzi a kapamba, omwe amaphatikizapo ma enzyme 20, ophatikizidwa m'magulu atatu:

• lipase - kuphwanya mafuta,
• proteinase - mapuloteni,
• amylase - chakudya.

Ma enzyme amenewa amapangidwa osagwira. Kapangidwe kake kamasinthika mothandizidwa ndi puloteni ya duodenum - enterokinase.

Amabisala pamene mtanda wazakudya ulowa m'mimba ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, pamaso pa ndulu, ndikusintha trypsinogen (proteinase) kukhala trypsin.

Ndi gawo lake, michere ina ya pancreatic imapangidwanso, yomwe imalowa m'matumbo a lumen chakudya chikamalowa.

Bile ndi chothandizira cha ma pancreatic enzymes ndi duodenum. Kukula kwake koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imatulutsidwa zimatengera chakudya chomwe chimamwa.

Pancreas imatulutsa madzi a pancreatic 1.5−2 l patsiku. Kudzera m'miyala ing'onoing'ono ya acini (ma bulugamu okhala ndi maselo otulutsa glandular okhala ndi milomo yawo ndi zombo), chinsinsicho chimalowa m'misewu yayikulu ikuluikulu, momwe imadutsira mu duct chachikulu, ma Wirsungs. Kupyolela kumayenda m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa katulutsidwe ka pancreatic kumayendetsedwa ndi sphincter ya Oddi.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za IP:

• kudzikundikira kwa bile
• kukhazikitsa ndi kuyang'anira kulandira kwake mu KDP.

Bile imapangidwa ndi chiwindi nthawi zonse. Ndiponso, imapitilira hepatic duct ndi m'mimba thirakiti.

Mpaka 50 ml ya bile amatha kudziunjikira mu chikhodzodzo (uku ndi voliyumu yake), yomwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, chifukwa cha kufupika kwa khoma lam'mimba, imalowa kudzera mu mawonekedwe a extretory komanso wamba bile.

Gawo lantchito ya ndulu ndi kuthekera kwakuya kwambiri kwa bile kotero m'malo ake a 50 ml imadziunjikira mu fomu yolumikizidwa kwambiri yofanana ndi voliyumu ya 1 lita kapena kupitirira.

Mitundu yaboile komanso ya bile imathandizira pakusweka ndi kufinya kwa lipids.

Kutulutsa zomwe zili m'matumbo am'mimba kumayenderana ndi chimbudzi ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamagetsi: gawo limalandira chisonyezo chokhudza kulowa kwa chophika cha chakudya (chyme) mu duodenum ndikuchepetsedwa, ndikuponyera chinsinsi kulowa mumkodzo. Izi zimachitika poyankha zakudya zamafuta.

Kupanda kutero, ndikulowerera kosalekeza m'matumbo (pakalibe chakudya ndi matumbo), ziwalo za mucosa zimawonongeka motsogozedwa ndi asidi.

GI sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pambuyo poti chiwonjezere, ntchito ya kudzikundikira kwa bile imachita duodenum.

Kodi kapamba amapezeka kuti?

Katswiri wopangika wa kapamba ali m'mimba, pamlingo I - II wa lumbar vertebrae. Chiwalo chimagona kumbuyo kwa m'mimba. Duodenum imayenda mozungulira kapamba munjira ya "kavalo". Mwa munthu wamkulu, kukula kwa kapamba ndi 20 - 25 cm, kulemera - 70 - 80 magalamu.

Chiwalocho chili ndi nthambi zitatu: mutu, thupi ndi mchira.Mutu umakhala pafupi ndi duct ya bile, thupi limakhala kumbuyo kwa m'mimba ndipo pang'ono pansi pake, pafupi ndi colon yopindika, mchirawo uli pafupi ndi ndulu. Ikayikidwa kutsogolo kwa khoma lamatumbo lachitsulo, ili pamwamba pa msomali wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Mutu umakhala mbali yakumanja kwa midline, mchira umapita pansi pa hypochondrium yamanzere.

Ntchito ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za pancreatic ndi exocrine ndi endocrine. Ntchito ya exocrine imakhala yopanga (secretion) yamadzi apachifini ofunikira kuti chimbudzi cha chakudya chikhale mu duodenum. Zakudya zam'mimba za pancreatic juice zopangidwa ndi kapamba:

• trypsin ndi chymotrypsin omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chimbudzi cha protein,
• lactase ndi ma amylase zofunika pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya,
• lipases yomwe imaphwanya mafuta a bile kale oonekera kale.

Kuphatikiza pa ma enzyme, madzi a pancreatic ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti acidic ikhale ndi madzi a m'mimba kuti iteteze matumbo a mucosa pakuwonekera kwa asidi. Ntchito ya endocrine ya gland imapangidwa pakupanga insulin ndi glucagon - mahomoni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, shuga m'magazi amatsika, mothandizidwa ndi shuga amadzuka. Pa chikhalidwe cha insulin ndi glucagon, kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamachitika mokwanira, motsatira - shuga imatha kuchitika.

Ululu pamimba ndi zizindikiro za kupukusa m'mimba zimachitika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa pamene mawonekedwe owawa akuphatikizidwa ndi matenda a kapamba, ndikuchita zinthu zofunika panthawi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a kapamba

Mavuto aliwonse omwe amakhalapo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a enzoni ya pancreatic amayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro wamba. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndizopweteka komanso kudzimbidwa. Mwa akazi ndi abambo, zizindikilo ndizofanana. Kutengera ndi kuuma kwa njirayi, kukula kwa kupweteka, komanso kuuma kwa zovuta kwaysyspeptic, zitha kukhala zosiyana. Matenda omwe amawonetsa kwambiri ndikuphwanya kapamba:

• kupezeka kwa kupweteka, kufalikira kwa kupweteka - kumtunda kwa m'mimba, kumanzere kwa hypochondrium, kupweteka kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa kapena kusakhudzana ndi kudya,
• kusanza pafupipafupi, kusanza ndikotheka,
• chilala chodumphira m'munsi mpaka pomwe palibe,
• kutulutsa ndi kugudubuka m'mimba (bata),
• kusokonezeka kwa chopondapo, pafupipafupi - kutsegula m'mimba, ndowe kumatha kukhala ndi zosafunikira zamafuta osaphatikizika, mafuta,
• Zizindikiro za kuledzera (nkhawa zam'mtima, kutopa, kufooka, thukuta, kupweteka mutu),
• kukulitsa chiwindi
• kusintha kwa khungu (jaundice), nthawi zambiri m'malo a pancreas.

Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa michere:

• pachimake kapamba (kutupa kwa kapamba, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi edema),
• aakulu kapamba
• zotupa mu kapamba,
• kukula kwa matenda ashuga
• kapamba.

Kodi zikondamoyo zimapweteka bwanji mwa anthu?

Zopweteka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapamba zimatha kukhala zachilengedwe - kukoka kovuta kapena kudula pachimake, mpaka pakhungu (ndi peritonitis). Zimatengera mtundu ndi kutayika kwa zotupa, komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa ma sheet a peritoneal (peritonitis) pakatupa.

Pancreatitis pachimake ndi edema imadziwika ndi ululu wadzidzidzi, womwe nthawi zambiri umazungulira, kufalikira mpaka pamimba, mbali yakumanzere ndi dera lumbar. Chifukwa cha edema, kumverera kwodzaza kumapezeka pamalo a kapamba, kupanikizika kwa nthiti zamkati. Zikatero, kugwiritsa ntchito antispasmodics sikothandiza. Ululu umachepetsedwa pokhapokha mutangokhala ndi thupi lolunjika kutsogolo mpaka pansi.

Pakutalika kwa zowawa (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zisanachitike), kusanza kumatha kuyamba, komwe kumabwerezedwa kangapo ndipo sikumabweretsa mpumulo nthawi zonse. Zomwe zimatsuka zimatha kudyedwa ndi chakudya kapena bile (pamimba yopanda kanthu), makomawo akhoza kukhala wowawasa kapena owawa.

Zizindikiro zofananira (kupweteka kwambiri, kusanza) zitha kuwonedwa ndi kukokomeza kwa osteochondrosis pamsana wa lumbar, ndi matenda a impso ndi ma shongozi. Kafukufuku wowonjezera athandizira kudziwa kukayikira kwa kapamba. Ndi lumbar osteochondrosis, kuwonda kwa vertebrae pa palpation kumayang'aniridwa, kumakhala ndi mavuto ndi impso - kuwonjezeka kwa ululu pakumenya m'munsi kumbuyo, ndikukhazikika pakhungu pali mawonekedwe totupa. Pancreatitis imadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa zizindikiro zonsezi.

Matenda a kapamba amadziwika ndi kupweteka pang'ono, ndipo amapezeka nthawi zambiri chifukwa chophwanya zakudya. Kuopsa kwa kufalikira kwa kapamba kakang'ono ndi kupezeka kwa zotupa zapakhansa, kuphatikizapo zilonda zam'mimba (khansa).

Nkhani za owerenga athu

Ndinachotsa mavuto azakudya panyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za zowawa zoyipa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Kutentha kwa mtima ndi mseru mukatha kudya, kutsegula m'mimba kosalekeza sikumavutikanso. O, momwe ndimayesera zonse - palibe chomwe chinathandiza. Ndi kangati kamene ndinapita kuchipatalako, koma ndinalandira mankhwala osapindulitsa kangapo konse, ndipo nditabwerako, madotolo adangokhala osagwirizana. Pomaliza, ndidakumana ndi mavuto azakudya, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhaniyi. Aliyense amene ali ndi vuto logaya chakudya ayenera kuwerenga!

Zizindikiro

Kuchiza kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino atazindikira. Ngati vuto lakumva ululu, muyenera kulankhulana ndi achipatala kuti akuthandizeni. Ndikofunikira kuchita:

1. Kafukufuku wa Laborator:

• kuyezetsa magazi mwatsatanetsatane,
• mulingo wa michere ya pancreatic mu seramu yamagazi,
• biochemical magazi mayeso a shuga, ntchito ya chiwindi michere ndi bilirubin,
• kusanthula kwamkodzo pamlingo wa amylase,
• kusanthula ndowe kwa mulingo wa michere ndi mafuta.

2. Kupenda kwa Ultrasound kwam'mimbamo kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake, kudziwa kukula kwa kapamba, patency ya bile ducts, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa miyala mu ndulu kapena ndulu.

3. Radiografia - pakalibe kuthekera kochita ma ultrasound pazolinga zomwezo.

4. Yogwiritsa ntchito tomography kapena MRI kuti mupeze zambiri zolondola zam'mimba.

Kodi kuchitira matenda a kapamba?

Pambuyo popenda bwino, ngakhale opaleshoni yodzidzimutsa siyofunika, kuchipatala ndikofunikira. Zowopsa za kapamba zimaperekedwa kuchipatala ndikupanga kupuma motsatira kupumula kwa kama. Kusala kwathunthu kumayikidwa masiku 1 mpaka 2. Mayankho olakwika a painkiller ndi antispasmodics (Baralgin, Platifillin), anticholinergics (Atropine) amayamba. Chikhodzodzo cha ayezi chimayikidwa kangapo kwa maola 0,5 ku dera la epigastric.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe muyenera kumwa - adokotala asankha. Zokonzekera zomwe zimachepetsa enzymatic ntchito za kapamba (Trasilol, Contrical, Gordox, Aprotinin) zimathandizira. Pofuna kupewa kuchepa kwamatenda am'madzi, michere yapadera yamchere imayendetsedwa pamankhwala omwe adokotala adawauza. Pambuyo pochotsa zisonyezo zowopsa, njira yofatsa yodyetsera komanso mankhwala othandizira amathandizira - kukonzekera pakamwa komwe kumapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale (Creon, Mezim-forte, Pancreatin, Panzinorm, Festal, Enzistal).

Kodi kudya?

Mu nthawi yovuta yamatendawa, msuzi wofowoka ndi ma decoctions, chimanga pamadzi chimaloledwa, chakudya chimakhala chophika kapena chowotchera:

M'tsogolo, kuphika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyama, nsomba, nkhuku ndi mafuta ochepa. Zakudya za mkaka wowawasa, mazira, ma compotes, zakudya zamafuta zimayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mu zakudya. Chakudya chokhazikika chimakhazikitsidwa kwa miyezi itatu. Munthawi ya chikhululukiro cha matenda a kapamba, zakudya ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa. Malangizo aumwini amapezeka bwino kuchokera kwa dokotala.

Zakudya zofunikira za nyama kuchokera ku nyama zopendekera, nkhuku, makamaka - nyama ya kalulu, yamphongo. Zopangira mkaka zizikhala zochepa m'mafuta. Msuzi wokonzekera bwino pa broths zamasamba. Mwa zakumwa, mankhwala opangira zitsamba, ma compote, tiyi, zakudya zamafuta ndizothandiza. Matenda a kapamba, komanso atadwala kwambiri, zakudya zofunika ndizofunikira: kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 pa tsiku pazigawo zing'onozing'ono.

Kodi kupatula zakudya?

Zakudya ndi zakumwa zotsatirazi ndizotsutsana kwambiri ndi zovuta za pancreatic:

• mowa
• zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi
• khofi ndi koko
• zotsekemera zotsekemera
• kukhululuka,
• ankasuta nyama
• zokometsera, zamchere, zophika, zokazinga,
• chokoleti ndi makeke, makamaka omwe ali ndi mafuta ambiri (makeke ndi makeke amchere).

Lero ndikufuna kupitiliza kulankhula nanu za matenda a ndulu ndi kapamba, za chikhodzodzo cha ndulu ndi kapamba. Panthawi yolumikizana pakati pa matenda ndi ziwalozi.

Mukudziwa, kulumikizana kwapafupi kumeneku kunapezeka ndi asayansi kalekale .. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo funso linabuka: bwanji? Inde, kuyandikana, magwero wamba, "ntchito" wamba. Zonsezi, zachidziwikire, zikufotokoza zambiri. Ndipo komabe: ndi njira ziti zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuti matenda a ndulu, monga lamulo, kapamba amadwala, ndi cholelithiasis nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a chamba? Panali maphunziro ambiri osangalatsa, zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosayembekezereka, zopambana zambiri komanso zokhumudwitsa. Ndipo zotsatira zake? Ndipo zotsatira zake ndi chidziwitso chachikulu. Ndipo ndikufuna kukuwuzani za iye lero.

Ndipo ndikuwuzani za "malingaliro a ofala wamba." Monga ndidalemba kale, duct waukulu wa bile ndi duct wamkulu wa kapamba amatuluka mu duodenum. Ndipo amagwera mmalo omwewo - Vipp's nipple. Koma asayansi awona kuti pali njira zingapo zakusintha kwa matalala kumeneku mu duodenum.

Inde, pali njira zingapo. Koma kwa ife zidzakhala zokwanira kugawa zosankha zonsezi m'mitundu iwiri. Loyamba ndi pomwe mavuwo amalumikizana ndikuyenda m'matumbo ndi bowo limodzi asanalowe m'matumbo. Ndipo yachiwiri - pamene ma ducts amalowa m'matumbo payokha, wina aliyense amatseguka m'matumbo ndi dzenje lake. Onani chithunzichi kuti chimveke bwino chomwe ndikunena.

Ndipo tsopano funso ndi: ndikuganiza njira iti yomwe ikusonyeza ubale wapakati pa ndulu ndi kapamba? Ndi ziti mwazisankho zomwe cholelithiasis nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta chifukwa cha kapamba ndi zina? Ndikuganiza kuti yankho silovuta. Inde, poyamba.

Inde, asayansi adazindikira izi ndipo zonena zawo zidatsimikiziridwa. Ndipo malingaliro a "njira wamba" adabadwa. Chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa choncho? Chifukwa asayansi azindikira kuti nthawi zambiri matenda opatsirana amayenda ndi kapamba pomwe ziphuphu zimalumikizana ngakhale asanalowe m'matumbo. Kenako, pakapangika zigawo ziwiri zofunika, kuphatikiza, kupanga njira imodzi. Ndikuwona nthawi yomweyo kuti matumba amenewa amaphatikizana wina ndi mzake mu milandu yoposa 70%.

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumachitika bwanji mu cholelithiasis?

Mukudziwa, vuto ndi chiyani, kuphatikiza izi zikuwoneka kuti onse awiriwa amalankhulana. Ndipo tangolingalirani za nthawi yomwe mwala, ukasiya chikhodzodzo, umadutsa chithokomiro cham'mimba, komanso umalimba, "umakanika" pomwe mbali zonse ziwiri zimaphatikizika, zimalowa mu duodenum. Ndipo izi, mwa njira, zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa malo omwe ma ducts amalowa m'matumbo ndi botolo mu ndulu zonse za ndulu. Kodi chimachitika nchiyani pambuyo pake?

Chiwindi chimapitilirabe kupanga bile. Zikondamoyo zimapitilizanso kugwira ntchito ndikupanga chinsinsi chake. Madzi awa amalowa mu ngalande, ndipo sangathe kutuluka m'matumbo: mwala udatseka njira. Zinsinsi za tiziwalo timeneti timadziunjikira, ndipo zipsinjo zake zimakwera kwambiri. Ndipo izi posachedwa, zimayambitsa kuwombana kwa ma ducts. Misozi, zachidziwikire, zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zosalimba. Pazomwe zimachitika pankhaniyi ndi chiwindi, tayankhula nanu kale m'nkhani "matenda a Gallstone ndi ... jaundice." Tsopano tiyamba kukambirana zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi kapamba.

Kutumphuka kwa ma dancts a pancreatic kumabweretsa kuti zomwe zili mkati mwa duct zilowe mu minofu ya zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo amtundu wapafupi ndi mitsempha yamagazi amang'ambika. Koma kodi m'matumbo a gland mumakhala chiyani? Ma Enzymer omwe amaphwanya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ndiye kuti, zomwe kapamba payekha amakhala. Zowona, mu ma ducts, ma enzyme awa ndi osagwira. Koma ndi zoopsa komanso zotumphukira maselo a pancreatic, ma enzymes awa amathandizira. Ndipo amayamba kugwira ntchito. Njira yodzilimbitsira ndulu ija imayamba. Acute pancreatitis ndi pancreatic necrosis amayamba: matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa!

Nayi njira yotengera kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi kukula kwa kapamba am'mimba mu cholelithiasis. Monga mukuwonera, ndi miyala ya gallbladder (cholelithiasis) yomwe idayambitsa pancreatitis pamenepa. Kunali kutuluka kwa mwalawo kuchokera mu ndulu ndi kutsekera kwa ma ducts komwe kudadzetsa tsokali.

Chifukwa chake, mobwerezabwereza ndimakulimbikitsani kuti muganizire ngati ndi koyenera kusunga chikhodzodzo ndi miyala yomwe imapereka chiwopsezo cha hepatic colic ndipo nthawi iliyonse imatha kubweretsa pancreatitis yacute komanso pancreatic necrosis. Ndiyenera kuyesa kuthamangitsa miyala mu ndulu?

Kupatula apo, palibe amene amadziwa momwe miyala iyi idzakhalire mu nthawi yomwe imatchedwa "chizunzo". Palibe amene angadziwe ngati angaloledwe kulowa mu duodenum kapena kukhazikika mumsewu, kudzetsa mavuto akulu.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti, zachidziwikire, kapamba samachitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha matenda a gallstone. Pali zifukwa zinanso. Koma inu ndi ine timakondwera ndi cholelithiasis yeniyeni, chifukwa chake sitifotokoza zifukwa zina apa.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso changa chikuthandizani kumvetsetsa matenda anu, kukuthandizani kupanga chisankho cholondola ndikupulumutsani ku zolakwitsa zambiri! Zaumoyo kwa inu ndi moyo wabwino! Ndikhulupirireni, zonsezi zili m'manja mwanu!

Timadutsa momwe thupi laumunthu limabwereranso kusukulu pamaphunziro a dzina lomweli. Koma ochepa a ife timakumbukira momwe mawonekedwe oyenera a thupi, ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi lathu. Inde, nthawi zambiri, ndi okhawo omwe ophunzira nawo omwe amapita kukalembetsa ku yunivesite yachipatala amakumbukira magawo onse ophunzirira pandime iyi. pokhapokha titakumana ndi mavuto azaumoyo, timayamba kukumbukira kapena kuyang'ana m'mayikidwe a malo komwe zimapwetekera. Chifukwa chake, sichikhala kwina kukumbukira malo a kapamba, ndulu ya ndulu, zomwe timangolingalira zovuta mavuto atadwala.

Kukhala chete pakati pa ziwalo zamkati

Ndulu ndi kapamba zimalumikizana, komabe, monga ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe athupi athu. Pamavuto oyambilira, ena a iwo amayamba kudzipangitsa kumva kuwawa ndi kusasangalala. Koma pali ziwalo zina - "chete" amene amalolera kuti tisasamale ndi kusawaganizira mpaka pamapeto. "Chete chete" atha kuphatikizira zikondamoyo. Amayamba kulemba za kukomoka kwake kale pamene vutoli latha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamala ndi thupi lanu, kutsatira malamulo odziwika a zakudya ndi moyo, kuti muthandizire thupi lanu kukhala lathanzi komanso wathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zikondamoyo zimatanthauzanso ziwalo zam'mimba zomwe zimagaya.

Zikondamoyo zotchedwa dzina lake zimafotokoza za malowo - pansi pamimba, kapena m'malo mwake "kumbuyo" pamimba, pakhoma lakumbuyo kwa malo obwezeretsanso. Ndi mawonekedwe opindika, moyandikana ndi duodenum, yomwe ili pafupifupi mozungulira. Kutalika kwa kapamba mwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 22.

Chotupa cha ndulu ndi chopindika, chamtali chofanana ndi sac. Ili pamunsi pa chiwindi.

Matenda a kapamba

Nkhope ndi gawo lofunikira mthupi lathu. Koma ngakhale vuto linalembedwe ntchito yake, ndiye kuti samadziwitsa nthawi yomweyo. ndipo chidziwitso cha zovuta zamatenda a pancreatic nthawi zambiri chimatipangitsa kutanthauza zovuta zina. Nthawi zambiri tikamayankhula za matenda a kapamba, timangotanthauza kutupa. Amatha kupezeka mu mitundu yonse yovuta komanso yopweteka. Pachimake amadziwika ndi ululu wolimba wamkamwa. Koma kutupa kosatha kwa kapamba kumachitika mwa kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, mseru. Nthawi zambiri munthu amene amadziona yekha mwa iwo saganiza kuti amayamba chifukwa chonyansa, ndipo chifukwa chake kukacheza kwa dokotala kumachitika nthawi zambiri.

Kudziwa kuti miyala mu ndulu ndi kapamba (kapamba) imatha kupangitsa kuti magazi atuluke mu duodenum, ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimadziwika komanso kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake komanso kupewa mavuto omwe angayambitse imfa.

Chiyanjano pakati pa matenda a gallstone ndi mapangidwe a miyala mu kapamba

Chifukwa cha pathologies a ziwalo zam'mimba, matenda am'mimba kapena kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso cholelithiasis, cholelithiasis imawonetsa kusintha kwa kapamba. Izi zimabweretsa kutupa, ndipo nthawi zina, mapangidwe a calculi. Zimaphatikizira calcium zosapindulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wachitsulo kapena zinthu zina zokhala ndi organic.

Nthawi zambiri, miyala imapangidwa m'magulu awiriawiri kapena m'magulu akuluakulu. Makulidwe awo amayambira ku 0,5 mm mpaka 5 cm, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira, ozungulira kapena osakhazikika.

Mapangidwe a calculi mu ma pancreatic ducts

Magawo a mapangidwe

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa magawo atatu a kukula kwa calculi mu kapamba:

1. Gawo loyamba limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ndikuwoneka bwino kwa madzi a pancreatic, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mawonekedwe a insoluble conglomerates a protein protein.
2. Mchigawo chachiwiri, kupukutira kwa madzi a pancreatic kumapitilirabe, ndipo mchere wa calcium umapangitsidwa pazinthu zomanga thupi. Njira zofananira zimachitika parenchyma ya ziwalo, pali zofunika za necrosis, zomwe zimakhudza zisumbu za Langerhans. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kapamba wa kupangira kwa mahomoni ndi ma enzymes omwe akhudzidwa ndi kuphwanya chakudya. Choopsa china ndicho kulepheretsa kwa insulin synthesis, zomwe zimatsogolera chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha matenda a shuga.
3. Pa gawo lachitatu, chinthu chotupa chikugwirizana ndi njira yowerengera. Kutuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa gland kumakhala kovuta, ndipo zizindikiro zamankhwala za pancreolithiasis zimawonekera. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi imeneyi, matenda amwenso amapezeka, kukulitsa matendawa.

Oopsa kwambiri ndi miyala yomwe imakhazikika pancreatic duct ndikuletsa gawo laulere la chinsinsi chomwe chimayamba kugaya tiziwalo tomwe palokha.

Zolinga za maonekedwe

Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kapamba kumayambitsa: cholelithiasis, hepatitis, mumps, zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis ndi matenda ena osiyanasiyana.

Komanso, zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kukokoloka kwa madzi a pancreatic ndi mapangidwe a calculi ndi monga:

• zotupa zoyipa ndi zoyipa,
• kutupa kwamatumbo,
• pancreatic cysts,
• kuphwanya calcium-phosphorous kagayidwe,
• matenda opatsirana
• kukanika kwa parathyroid gland.

Asayansi afufuza momwe miyala mu ndulu imakhudzira kapamba. Zinapezeka kuti cholelithiasis ndiyomwe imayambitsa pancreatitis, yomwe imathandizira kukula kwa kubisala ndikupanga ma calcifying.

Ntchito yayikulu pakuwonekera kwa miyala mu kapamba imaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kumwa kwambiri mowa.

Zakudya zamafuta ambiri, zokazinga, zonunkhira komanso zotsekemera zimapangitsa kuti chiwongola dzanja chiziwonjezereka, magwiridwe ake antchito amasokonekera, ndipo zinthu zabwino zimapangidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo njira zotupa komanso mapangidwe osakanikirana a mankhwala.

Gallbladder calculi

Njira zopangira miyala mu ndulu ndi kapamba ndizofanana. Ndi zotupa mu chiwindi ndi bile ducts, mota ntchito ya ndulu amachepetsa, zomwe zimakwiyitsa bile ndi kukhuthala. Amadziunjikira cholesterol, mchere wamchere ndi bilirubin, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga miyala yosapindulitsa.

Momwe mungadziwire ndikusiyanitsa ma pathologies?

Matenda a kapamba ndi chikhodzodzo muzochitika zawo zamankhwala ndizofanana. Ndi kapamba, monga ndi kutupa mu GP, ikhoza kupweteka mu hypochondrium yoyenera. Ululu umakula kwambiri pambuyo pophwanya zakudya ndikudya mafuta, zonunkhira, zakudya yokazinga, mowa, ngakhale pang'ono.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupsinjika kungayambitsenso kusamvana komanso kupweteka mu hypochondria ndi radiation kumkono, phewa, kutsika kumbuyo, ndi kapamba, amamangidwa.

Mawonekedwe a Dyspeptic amawonekera:

Pali Symbomatology ya asthenic syndrome:

• kufooka koopsa
• kutopa
• maloto oyipa
• kusowa kwa chakudya.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwamatenda oyamba kwambiri m'matumbo ndi chithokomiro cha prostate chifukwa chofanana ndi chithunzi cha chipatala, chomwe chimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi gawo lililonse la chakudya cham'mimba chomwe chili ndi mbiri inayake. Zomwe zimapezeka ndi kapamba:

• matenda am'mimba otupa - gryish yokhazikika yokhala ndi fungo la fetid ndi zotsalira za chakudya chosagwiritsidwa ntchito (chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa matendawa),
• kusanza mobwerezabwereza, komwe sikubweretsa mpumulo,
• kupweteka kosiyanasiyana.

Pathology ya biliary thirakiti, kuphatikiza pa zomwe zalembedwazo, imawonetsedwa ndi matenda oopsa am'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ndulu ya bile. Zikuwoneka:

• kusowa kwa khungu ndi mucous nembanemba
• Khungu
• kuchuluka kwa ndulu, ndipo pambuyo pake hypersplenism syndrome (kuchepa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia),
• ascites ovuta kwambiri popanda chithandizo.

Kuwonetsera kwa kachipatala kufotokozera ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa sikokwanira. Wodwala amafunika kumuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane, kuti ayang'ane ntchito ya ndulu ndi kapamba. Kupatula njira za volumetric, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe gulu limagwirira ntchito maphunziro:

• Ultrasound
• MRI
• CT
• splenoportography - radiology yamatumbo a portal system mosiyana,
• Dopplerography ya ziwiya za chiwindi.

Njirazi zimapangitsa kudziwa malo omwe ali parenchyma ndi malire a kapamba, makhoma, kupezeka kwa calculi, polyps, ndi mawonekedwe ena mu kapamba.

Kafukufuku wa Laborator akuphatikiza zizindikiritso zingapo zomwe zikufunika kufufuzidwa kuti mumvetse bwino matenda:

• kuyezetsa magazi kwakukulu,
• shuga m'magazi
• diastasis ya mkodzo ndi magazi,
• bilirubin (mwachidule, mwachindunji, mwachindunji),
• mapuloteni onse ndi zigawo zake,
• cholesterol, zamchere phosphatase,
• coagulogram.

Dokotala payekhapayekha amalembera mayeso ena mosaganizira madandaulo, mbiri ya zamankhwala, cholinga chake komanso kuopsa kwa momwe wodwalayo adatembenukira. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka, mankhwala amalembedwa kapena funso la njira zina zamankhwala likusankhidwa.

Kodi ziwalo zimakhudza bwanji mzake?

Popeza ziwalo zam'mimba zimalumikizana bwino, mafupipafupi a zilizonse sangathe kudzipatula pawokha. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa cholelithiasis - cholelithiasis, yomwe pakukula kwake zaka zaposachedwa sikuti imakhala yopanda matenda a mtima.

Mukamaletsa mwala womwe umakhala wamba ndi mwala, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwachikondwerero ndi bile kumadziunjikira osati m'ma ducts wamba, komanso m'ming'alu yaying'ono ya pancreatic. Kupsinjika mwa iwo kumakula kwambiri pamene chiwindi ndi kapamba zimapitiliza kugwira ntchito ndikupanga madzi a pancreatic ndi bile.

Zing'onozing'ono komanso zosalimba pancreatic zimapanga kupukutika, zomwe zili mkati zimalowetsa ziwalo. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo am'mimba ndi zombo zapafupi zowonongeka.

Pankhani ya kuvutika (kupindika kwa ma ducts), ma enzyme adamulowetsa, njira yodziyimira pakhungu imayamba mu parenchyma - pancreatitis imayamba, yomwe imatha kupanikizika chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa pancreatic necrosis. Nthawi yomweyo, makoma a kapamba amatsitsidwa, amatsogolera ku cholecystitis, kusakhazikika kwa bile, hypersplenism, ndi ascites.

Chifukwa chake, ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, ngakhale osazipeza ndipo, zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono, simungathe kudzilimbitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Lumikizanani ndi katswiri nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ziwalo zizigwira ntchito bwanji ngati imodzi mwa izo idapangidwanso?

Chikhodzodzo ndi chiwalo chothandiza, chifukwa chake, ndimapangidwe opanga matenda kapena njira yotupa (phlegmonous kapena gangrenous cholecystitis), yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi pancreatitis, cholecystectomy imasonyezedwa. Kupanda kutero, zimayambitsa kukula kwa pancreatic necrosis - moyo womwe umabweretsa chiopsezo chotsatira.

Kuchita opaleshoniyo kumachitika kale, kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi kapamba. Ntchito za kapamba zimatengedwa ndi duodenum: bile yopangidwa ndi chiwindi imalowa lumen. Izi zimachitika pafupipafupi, monga bile limapangidwa, osati panthawi yakudya.

Chifukwa chake, mucosa wa duodenal umakhudzidwa, microflora amakhumudwa m'matumbo akuluakulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa chifuwa (kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba), ndipo kapamba amatha.

Mukachotsa kapamba kapena gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa, mankhwala amathandizira kuti alandire mankhwala: wodwalayo amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe alipo ndi michere ya shuga kapena ma enzymes omwe alipo.

Mlingo watsimikiza ndi endocrinologist kapena gastroenterologist aliyense payekha. Kuvomerezeka kwa mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali (miyezi, zaka, nthawi zina - moyo wanga wonse).

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, munthu ayenera kutsatira zakudya zosavuta: tebulo No. 9 la matenda ashuga, tebulo No. 5 la kapamba.

Kuti mupewe zovuta zoyipa komanso kudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuteteza thanzi lanu, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndikuonana ndi dokotala panthawi.

Zizindikiro zamatenda a ndulu ndi kapamba

Zizindikiro za gallbladder ndi matenda kapamba ndizofanana. Komanso, nthawi zambiri matenda a ziwalozi amakhala limodzi, akumathandizirana ndi kupatsirana wina ndi mnzake.

Mwambiri, matenda ophatikizika komanso matenda a chiwalo chilichonse payokhapayokha ndi njira zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.

Pakuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro za biliary, muyenera kufunsa katswiri posachedwa, chifukwa ndi iye yekha omwe angadziwe zamomwe zimakhalira ndi kufotokozera momwe zimakhalira.

Maonekedwe apadera a ziwalo

Ngakhale chikhodzodzo cha ndulu ndi kapamba zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mimba, zimatha kukhudzana kwambiri.

Zikondazo zimatulutsa madzi a kapamba, okhala ndi michere yambiri (ma insulin ndi glucagon), amene amapangidwa m'magazi. Ndi kukula kwa njira yotupa m'matimuwa, kutuluka kwa ma enzymes ophatikizika kumasokonezeka.

Kuchulukitsa kwawo kumalowa mu ndulu ya ndulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa zomwe zimachitika mu chiwalochi (cholecystitis).

Mapangidwe a cyst

The chotupa mu kapamba kumawoneka ngati kapisozi wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kupanga koteroko kumatha kuwoneka paliponse mu gland ndipo, monga lamulo, ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa kapamba.

Poyamba, sadziwonetsa, koma akamakula, amayamba kulipira mphamvu ziwalo zapafupi. Njirayi imakwiyitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kupweteka pamimba, kutaya chimbudzi, kuwonda.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndikuchita opareshoni.

Miyala mu kapamba samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo amachitika m'mutu. Chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe awo parenchyma ndikumva kupweteka pamimba, mpaka kumbuyo. Matenda a ululu amatha kukhala ndi vuto lodana ndi kuwonjezereka mutatha kudya. Ngati mwala utalowa mumkono wa ndulu, zizindikiritso za jaundice wovuta zimadziwika.

Mwambiri, ngati mukufanizira zizindikiro zazikulu zamatenda a kapamba ndi ndulu, mutha kuwona zambiri zofanana. Zizindikiro za pathologies zimatha kudwala wodwala nthawi yomweyo. Katswiri yekha ndiamene angakhazikitse chithunzi chenicheni chachipatala atapanga mayeso oyenera. Kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto.

Kodi ndulu ndi kapamba ndizofanana kapena ayi?

Ngakhale ziwalozi ndizophatikiza pa dongosolo logaya chakudya, pali mgwirizano wapakati pawo. Nthawi zambiri, njira za m'magazi mu chiwalo chimodzi zimatsogolera ku kuwoneka kwa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a gallstone nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kukula kwa kapamba - kutupa kwa minofu ya kapamba.

Pankhaniyi, pakufunika kudziwa komwe gallbladder ndi kapamba amapezeka, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe ma pathologies omwe angalepheretsedwe.

Chiphunzitso cha "njira wamba"

Kuti timvetsetse zomwe zimagwirizanitsa miyala mu ndulu ndi kapamba, komanso calculi mu kapamba, nkoyenera kupita mwakuzama mu thunthu la ziwalozi.

Pancreatitis ndi mapangidwe amiyala mu kapamba amakhoza chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ndulu za bile

Mu 70% ya dziko lapansi, zonyansa za kapamba ndi ndulu zimalumikizidwa ngakhale zisanalowe mu duodenum 12, ndikupanga njira imodzi. Duwa lake limatha kuyambitsa mwala womwe wachotsa ndulu. Pankhaniyi, kupanga bile, amylase, lipase, insulin ndi ma enzymes ena m'mitsempha sikutha. Amadziunjikira mumsewu wamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphukira kwa mabatani ang'onoang'ono, zombo ndi pancreatic parenchyma. Cholinga chakuwonongeka kwa michere, zinthu izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zikugwirabe ntchito. Koma tsopano "akupukusa" kale osati zomwe zili m'matumbo, koma zothandizira palokha, zimayambitsa necrosis ya zimakhala zake.

Zizindikiro za Matenda

Zokhudzana ndi kapamba, kapamba ndi cholelithiasis ali ndi mawonetseredwe ena azachipatala, omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kupweteka kwambiri pamimba chapakati, kuyambira mphindi 10 mpaka maola angapo,
• nseru
• mtundu wowala wa ndowe.

Kutalikirana pakati pa kuzunzidwa kumeneku kumayamba masiku angapo mpaka zaka zingapo. Koma matendawa akamakula komanso kuchuluka kwa miyala kukulira, kumachepa.

Ngati pali kufalikira kwa malowo ndi miyala, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amayamba, omwe akuwoneka ndi chikasu cha zimagwira mucous, ziphuphu m'maso, kenako pakhungu.

Kutseka kwa duct kungayambitse kutuluka kwake ndikuthothoka kwamadzimadzi kwa bile ndi kapamba wamadzi. Potere, wodwalayo amatha kupulumutsa kokha nthawi yoyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Kusintha kwa calculi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pali mankhwala omwe amakonzekera (chenodeoxycholic ndi ursodeoxycholic acid), omwe atatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, amaphwanya miyala ndikuwachotsa m'matumbo. Koma njirayi imachitika kwa zaka 1.5-2 pokhapokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi ili ndi contraindication, yomwe imaphatikizapo:

• matenda a kutupa kwa chiwindi kapena kapamba,
• matenda a impso ndi kwamikodzo dongosolo,
• kuchuluka kwa zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda am'mimba,
• mimba
• pafupipafupi kutsegula m'mimba.

Therapy ndikofunikira pakakhala miyala imodzi yaying'ono m'mimba mwake, kuphatikiza, ntchito za contractile zokhudzidwa ndizosungidwa ziyenera kusungidwa ndi 50%.

Pamodzi ndi "sol sol", odwala amalembedwa:

Kulumikizana kwa ndulu ndi kapamba

Ngakhale chikhodzodzo ndi chikhodzodzo ndi mawonekedwe osiyana mu matumbo am'mimba, pali mgwirizano wapakati pawo. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a chiwalo chimodzi amatsogolera ku ziwonetsero za matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a ndulu nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kapamba.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa momwe ziwalo zimakhalira, momwe zimakhudzirana, komanso momwe mungapewere zovuta za ziwalozi.

Malo ndi Kuyankhulana

Ziwalo izi zimapezeka pafupi. Komabe, ichi sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti duct ya bile, palimodzi ndi duct yayikulu ya kapamba, yolumikizidwa m'mbali mwa duodenum.

Mitsempha ya njere ya njirayo ikulowa m'matumbo imalowa mkatikati mwa pancreatic, pomwe imalumikizana ndi duct, ndikualumikizana, imatseguka khoma la duodenum.

Palinso mitundu yotsogola yomwe ma ducts samalumikizana. Amatseguka, koma imodzi yokha pafupi ndi inzake - mabowo awiri omwe ali pambali ya Vater.

Ntchito yolumikizana

“Kapamba” kapenanso “ntchito” kuti athandizire anthu wamba. Kupatula apo, zikondamoyo zimatha kuonedwa kuti ndi chothandiza kwambiri chimbudzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, palinso tiziwalo tina timene timakhudzidwa ndi chimbudzi: m'makulidwe amimba, matumbo ang'ono ndi akulu, komanso malovu. Ma enzyme omwe amapangidwa amafunikira kuwonongeka kwa: mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta, omwe amabwera ndi chakudya.

Njira yogawika ndi kugaya chimangochitika mu duodenum. Kupatula apo, amalandira michere ya pancreatic motsatira main duct. Koma zinthu zambiri zimalowa m'matumbo osagwira ntchito.

Enzymes imayamba kugwira ntchito mu duodenum, ndipo zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi bile. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani makhoma a m'matumbo sagonjetsedwa? Chifukwa ili ndi chitetezo chowonjezera ku zotsatira zoyipa za chinsinsi cha kapamba ndi bile.

Chifukwa chake, mu duodenum yekha ndi pomwe milomo ya ziwalo ziwiri izitseguka, ndipo mkati mwake muyenera kugaya chakudya.

Ubale pakati pa matupi awiriwa ndiwopanda malire komanso pafupi kwambiri, omwe cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito imodzi ikhale imodzi.

Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kunena kuti zamatenda a chiwalo chimodzi zimakhudza gawo la chiwalo china. Chifukwa chake, cholelithiasis ingayambitse matenda a kapamba.

Zizindikiro zakuzindikira

Pofuna kupatula matenda ngati neoplasms, mayeso otsatirawa akuyenera kuchitika:

• Ultrasound
• CT kapena MRI
• Kulemba kwa ziwindi zamchiwindi,
• splenoportography - x-ray ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusiyana mu zombo za portal.

Njirazi zimapangitsa kuti athe kuyesa magwiridwe amtundu wa ziwalo, kudziwa kukhalapo kwa inclusions: miyala, ma polyp, mapangidwe ena.

Ma diagnostic Laborator amakhalanso ndi zigawo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire "kuzindikira":

• bilirubin yathunthu (tizigawo - mwachindunji / mwachindunji),
• cholesterol
• mkodzo diastasis,
• magazi amylase
• Zizindikiro zamagazi ambiri,
• zamchere phosphatase
• shuga wamagazi
• mapuloteni onse (alpha, beta, chidutswa cha gamma cha ma globulins),
• Zizindikiro za coagulogram.

Popeza madandaulo, mbiri yakale yakuchipatala, kuchuluka kwa mayeso amthupi ndi kuopsa kwa vutolo, dokotala amasankha maphunziro osiyanasiyana. Ndipo pokhapokha pazotsatira zomwe zalandiridwa ndizotheka kuti mankhwala aliwonse athe kufotokozedwa kapena lingaliro lingachitike panjira zina zamankhwala.

Chikhodzodzo ndi chiwalo chomwe chimagwira ntchito yothandizira, chifukwa chake, pamaso pa calculi, komanso kukula kwa matenda am'mimba (zotupa kapena zotupa za m'mimba), kuphatikiza ndi kapamba, ndizoyenera kuchita cholecystectomy.

Kupanda kutero, maonekedwe a bile mu kapamba angayambitse matenda a chamba - mawonekedwe owopsa omwe amatha kupha.

Chifukwa chake, kuyamba koyambirira kwa opaleshoni kumatsimikizira zoopsa zochepa za pancreatic necrosis. Pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, duodenum imapeza ntchito zamatumbo - pomwe bile yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi imalowa matumbo nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo njirayi imakhala yokhazikika komanso yosadalira chakudya.

Chifukwa chake, duodenal mucosa imakhala ndi vuto mphindi iliyonse, zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa microflora m'matumbo. Vutoli limawonetsedwa ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, komanso lingathandizire kukulitsa kapamba.

Ngati kapamba kapena gawo lomwe lakhudzidwalo likuchotsedwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amamuika mankhwala othandizira: ma enzymes ndi mankhwala ochepetsa insulin. Mlingo uyenera kusankhidwa kokha ndi endocrinologist kapena gastroenterologist, chifukwa vuto lililonse ndilopadera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo mwinanso moyo wonse. Koma, kupatula izi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya okhwima: ndi kuchepa kwa insulin - chakudya No. 9, ndi kusowa kwa enzymatic - chakudya No. 5.

Koma pofuna kudzipatula kuti musamwe mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso ku zovuta zina, munthu ayenera kutsatira zakudya, kuteteza thanzi lake, ndi kusiya zosokoneza bongo. Ndipo khalani ndi chizolowezi chowonana ndi dokotala pafupipafupi.

Mavuto

Kulephera kulikonse mu ntchito ya chiwalo chimodzi kungachititse kuti matenda atsopano apangidwe. Chifukwa chake, pancreatitis yovuta pachaka imatha kubweretsa zovuta izi:

• magazi amkati chifukwa cha zilonda zam'mimba kapena duodenum,
• mtima thrombosis,
• kupumirana kowuma, kulephera kupuma,
• chibayo
• kulephera kwa chiwindi
• matenda a mtima
• matenda a impso
• zogwira ntchito psychoses
• tachycardia
• kuchuluka kwa purulent mu peritoneum,
• magazi poyizoni
• peritonitis.

Kupatuka kwa ndulu kumayendetsedwa ndi:

• maphunziro apamwamba
• Kukongoletsa makoma a chiwalo,
• kutuluka kwamadzi yotupa mu peritoneum,
• peritonitis
• sepsis
• pachimake kutupa kwa kapamba.

Matenda a ziwalo ziwiri amatha kubweretsa khansa, kufooka kwa ziwalo zoyandikana, kuwonongeka kwa makhoma a ziwalo pamalo omwe ali ndi chilema kuchokera kubisalira kwa ndulu. Pambuyo pake, izi zimabweretsa necrosis (kufa kwa minofu), komwe kumasokoneza mayankho amthupi mthupi lonse.

Chikhodzodzo cha ndulu, kapamba: malo, ntchito, matenda

Timadutsa momwe thupi laumunthu limabwereranso kusukulu pamaphunziro a dzina lomweli. Koma ochepa a ife timakumbukira momwe mawonekedwe oyenera a thupi, ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi lathu.

Inde, nthawi zambiri, ndi okhawo omwe ophunzira nawo omwe amapita kukalembetsa ku yunivesite yachipatala amakumbukira magawo onse ophunzirira pandime iyi. pokhapokha titakumana ndi mavuto azaumoyo, timayamba kukumbukira kapena kuyang'ana m'mayikidwe a malo komwe zimapwetekera.

Chifukwa chake, sichikhala kwina kukumbukira malo a kapamba, ndulu ya ndulu, zomwe timangolingalira zovuta mavuto atadwala.