Berlition - mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa matenda a osteochondrosis

Mapiritsi okhala ndi mafilimu ozungulira, biconvex, wotumbulika chikasu, wokhala ndi chopendekera mbali imodzi, mawonekedwe opingika: mawonekedwe osanjikiza amitundu yadziko.

Ma Shell: Utoto wa Opadry OY-S-22898 wachikasu - 12 mg (hypromellose - 6.597 mg, titanium dioxide (E171) - 3.9134 mg, sodium lauryl sulfate - 0,7096 mg, parafini wamadzimadzi - 0,676 mg, utoto wa dzuwa wa quinoline (E104) -0.075 mg, utoto wa masana dzuwa chikasu (E110) - 0,029 mg, parafini yamadzimadzi - 3 mg).

Ma PC 10 - matuza (3) - mapaketi a makatoni.
Ma PC 10 - matuza (6) - mapaketi a makatoni.
Ma PC 10 - matuza (10) - mapaketi a makatoni.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Thioctic (α-lipoic) acid, mankhwala am'mbuyomu antioxidant (amamanga ma radicals aulere), amapangidwa m'thupi mkati mwa oxidative decarboxylation a α-keto acid. Monga coenzyme ya mitochondrial multenzyme complexes, imatenga nawo oxidative carboxylation ya pyruvic acid ndi α-keto acid.

Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera zomwe glycogen imachita m'chiwindi, komanso kuthana ndi insulin. Mwa chikhalidwe cha zochita zamapangidwe amtundu, zimakhala pafupi ndi mavitamini a B. Amatenga nawo gawo la lipid ndi carbohydrate metabolism, imalimbikitsa kagayidwe ka cholesterol, ndikuwongolera ntchito ya chiwindi.

Ali ndi hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic effect.

Pharmacokinetics

Zogulitsa ndi kugawa

Pambuyo pakukonzekera kwamlomo, thioctic (α-lipoic) acid imathiridwa mwachangu komanso kwathunthu kuchokera kumimba. Kudya zakudya zambiri kumachepetsa. Nthawi yoti mufikire C_max - 40-60 Mphindi Bioavailability ndi 30%.

V_d - pafupifupi 450 ml / kg.

Kutetemera ndi chimbudzi

Ili ndi mphamvu ya "gawo loyamba" kudzera m'chiwindi. Kapangidwe ka metabolites kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa mbali ndi oxidation.

Thioctic acid ndi ma metabolites ake amamuchira mkodzo (80-90%). T_1/2 - 20-50 mphindi Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min.

Malangizo apadera

Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa iyenera kutetezedwa kuti isayerekezedwe ndi kuwala, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za aluminium. Njira yothetsera kutetezedwa ndikuwala ikhoza kusungidwa kwa pafupifupi maola 6. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka poyambira chithandizo. Nthawi zina, m`pofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin kapena mankhwala a pakamwa hypoglycemic kuti mupewe kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Odwala omwe amamwa mankhwala a Berlition 300 ayenera kupewa kumwa mowa.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

In vitro, thioctic (α-lipoic) acid imalumikizana ndi ma ionic irones (mwachitsanzo, cisplatin). Chifukwa chake, ndi munthawi yomweyo makonzedwe, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chisplatin ndikotheka.

Pambuyo potenga Berlition 300 m'mawa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachitsulo, magnesium, ndi mkaka (chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium) mukatha kudya nkhomaliro kapena madzulo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi kwa ethanol ndi metabolites ake kungachepetse achire ntchito ya thioctic (α-lipoic) acid.

Ndi munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition 300 kumawonjezera hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin ndi mkamwa hypoglycemic wothandizira.

Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa

Alpha-lipoic acid ngati gawo logwira ntchito limaperekedwa mu mankhwala a Berlition, opangidwa ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala Chemie (Germany).

Mankhwala ndi a gulu la hepatoprotectors, othandizira pochiza ndi kukonza chiwindi.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa:

1. Pokhazikika pokonzekera yankho la jakisoni - ma ampoules 12 mg, okhala ndi alpha-lipoic acid okhala ndi 300 mg (UNITS). Atakwezedwa ma ampoules a 5.10.15 mu bokosi la makatoni.
2. Pokhazikika pokonzekera njira yothetsera jakisoni, pali ma ampoules a 24 mg omwe ali ndi zomwe ali ndi mankhwala ambiri a alpha lipoic acid a 600 mg (UNITS). Atayikidwa ma ampoules 5 kapena 10 mu katoni.
3. M'mapiritsi otsekemera a gelatin pamakonzedwe am'kamwa - 300 mg ya alpha-lipoic acid. Atakulungidwa mu mawonekedwe a ma contour ma kirediti ndi katoni.

Zojambula zofananira:

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mankhwala amatchulidwa ngati adjunctive mankhwala kuti imathandizire mphamvu interellular kagayidwe, kusintha trophic minofu, kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya ndi lipid bwino mu thupi.

Berlition (alpha lipoic acid) chikuwonetsedwa pa:

1. kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'mitsempha yama coronary,
2. kuchepa magazi
3. hypotension
4. ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi biliary thirakiti,
5. kuledzera kwadzaoneni komanso kosapweteka kwa magwero osiyanasiyana (poyizoni ndi mchere wazitsulo, ziphe, mowa),
6. polyneuropathies a malekezero apamwamba ndi otsika (otupa, oopsa, osagwirizana, ozunza, odwala matenda ashuga, odziyimira pawokha),
7. zosokoneza organic mu ma cell a bongo ndi msana,
8. endocrine pathologies yogwirizana ndi zovuta za metabolic.

Contraindication

Mankhwala Berlition ali contraindication ake.

Mosamala, poyang'aniridwa ndi glycemic, mankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala a lipoic acid amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse la matenda ashuga.

Berlition sinafotokozeredwe zochizira ana machitidwe, azimayi pa nthawi yobereka, mkaka wa m`mawere.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi alpha-lipoic acid ndi oletsedwa ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusagwirizana la fructose, kuperewera kwa lactose, galactosemia.

Zida zoyipa

Berlition iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati adokotala akuwalimbikitsa kapena kuwayika.

Berlition nthawi zambiri imalekeredwa. ndi odwala. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kukhala zochepa, zowopsa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze mavuto a mankhwala zochokera alpha lipoic acid:

• dyspepsia: nseru ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kupweteka kwa epigastrium,
• anasintha kukoma
• kupweteka kwa mutu, chizungulire, kumva kuwawa m'mutu, kusokonekera, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe a ntchentche zing'onozing'ono, kusangalatsa kwa zinthu,
• mawonetseredwe okhudzika, kugwedezeka kwamalire,
• matenda a mtima mu mawonekedwe a khungu hyperemia, kumva kuperewera, tachycardia,
• matupi awo saonetsa vv mu mawonekedwe a totupa, kuyabwa pakhungu ndi urticaria.

Mlingo ndi bongo

Njira ya chithandizo imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

Mlingo ndi njira yothandizira makonzedwe a Berlition amasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Nthawi zambiri, Berlition amatumizidwa pakamwa muyezo wa mayunitsi 600 kamodzi pochizira polynyropathies kamodzi chakudya cham'mawa.

Kwa matenda oopsa, monga mankhwala a adjunct, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala Berlition kumasonyezedwa: jekeseni wa makapisozi.

Yankho la Berlition limayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (300 kapena 600) kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri m'mawa.

Mawonekedwe a mankhwala a jakisoni ndi chinthu cholumikizira, chomwe makonzedwe ake asanakhazikitsidwe ndi mchere wambiri pafupifupi 250 ml (vial).

Yankho la Berlition limayendetsedwa kudzera mu kukhuthala kwa mkati (30-45 mphindi). Pa njira yovomerezeka ya jakisoni wotsekemera, vial ya mankhwala osungunuka imatsekedwa ndi pepala lakuda kapena foil.

Pambuyo pamankhwala ochepetsa, adotolo amakupatsani mankhwala ena alpha-lipoic acid (mkamwa, makapisozi).

Zingwe za Berlition 300 U zitha kutumikiridwa intramuscularly kwa masabata a 2-4. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amathandizira mu 2 ml ya saline yamoyo.

Njira ya teraria yolembedwa ndi Berlition nthawi zambiri imatha miyezi iwiri. Malinga ndi umboniwo, maphunziro achiwiri a mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi alpha-lipoic acid amawayikidwa pambuyo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi alpha lipoic acid amatha kufotokozedwa mwa kukwiya kwa mucous membrane am'mimba, matumbo. Zizindikiro za bongo: kupweteka kwam'mimba ndi kusanza komanso kutsegula m'mimba.

Kuphatikizana kwa mankhwala a osteochondrosis

Ndi njira ya mankhwala ndi Berlition, kupweteka ndi kuwotcha komwe kumayandikira kwa vertebra kumachepa

Mu gawo la matenda a osteochondrosis, ndi kukula kwa kuphipha kwamitsempha yamaitsempha yamagazi, kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi malo osungika m'deralo, mankhwala omwe amatha kuchepetsa mitsempha ya magazi ndikufalitsa matenda a minofu trophism ndikofunikira.

Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe ali ndi vasodilating, kuphatikiza pa Trental, Eufillin ndi Actovegin, Berlition imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pakati pa kusintha kwakapangidwe kakang'ono ka mankhwala a vasodilator, Berlition imathandizira kuchira.

Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito yokonza mitsempha yowonongeka ndi njira yokhazikika, yolimbitsa thupi imakhudzidwa.

Chithandizo cha Berlition chitha kuchepetsa kwambiri zotere monga kumverera koyaka m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi msana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi

Makapisozi a mankhwala amatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pa mlingo umodzi, tsiku lililonse Berlition amatengedwa.

Hafu ya ola atatenga kapisozi, wodwalayo amatha kudya chakudya.

Ndi osteochondrosis, mlingo wa tsiku lililonse wa mayunitsi 600 umaperekedwa.

Mu matenda owopsa a chiwindi, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawa, komanso kulowa kwa intravenous kapena intramuscular.

Kugwiritsa kwa ma ampoules 300 ndi 600

Odwala omwe ali pachimake cha matendawa amapatsidwa 300-600 IU ya lipoic acid (imodzi kapena ma ampoules awiri a Berlition).

Kuphatikiza pa kulowetsedwa kwamitsempha, ma jakisoni a mu mnofu wa Berlition amatha kuperekedwa pochiza matenda a osteochondrosis.

Pofuna kupatula zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikukula kwa anaphylactic reaction, njira zoperekera mankhwala ziyenera kuchitika kokha kuchipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala.

Kuyenderana ndi mowa

Berlition sigwirizana ndi mowa komanso mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mowa. Ma alabohid ndi ma metabolites awo amalepheretsa zochitika ndi zochizira za alpha-lipoic acid.

Analogs a mankhwala mapiritsi

Lipoic acid. Wopanga: Uralbiopharm, OJSC (Russia). Piritsi imodzi yokutidwa ili ndi 12 ndi 25 mg ya alpha lipoic acid. Zimatanthauzira ku metabolic ndi detoxification othandizira.

Tiolepta. Wopanga: CJSC Canonfarm Production (Russia). Amapezeka mumiyeso iwiri: 300 ndi 600 IU yayikulu yogwira alpha-lipoic acid.

Mapiritsi achikasu achikasu m'matumba a blister a 10 kapena 15.

Oktolipen. Wopanga Pharmstandard-UfaVITA (Russia). Amapezeka mumiyeso iwiri: Magulu 300 ndi 600 a alpha lipoic acid. Amasankhidwa ngati hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic ndi neuroprotective wothandizira.

Zithunzi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo:

Espa lipon. Wopanga: Zovuta zamankhwala Esparma, Germany. Mapiritsi, (200 ndi 600 PIECES a alpha lipoic acid) atanyamula m'bokosi la zidutswa 30. Malinga ndi malangizo, mankhwalawa akuwonetsedwa ma neuropathies, matenda a chiwindi ndi kuledzera.

Tiogamma. Wopanga: Zovuta zamankhwala Verwag Pharma (Germany). Piritsi limodzi muli mitundu ya 600 PIECES ya alpha lipoic acid.

Thioctacid. Wopanga: Zovuta zamankhwala Meda Pharma, Germany. Mapiritsi, omangidwa m'mabotolo a 30 ma PC, mu muyeso wa mayunitsi mazana asanu ndi awiri, omwe ali ndi alpha-lipoic acid.

Analogs a Berlition 300

1. Lipothioxone
2. Oktolipen 300,
3. Tiolepta
4. Thiolipone.

Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics okhala ndi zotsatirapo, Mlingo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndizofanana ndi Berlition 300 IU.

The fanizo la mankhwala, osati pafupi zikuchokera, koma malinga ndi limagwirira ntchito pa thupi (mmodzi pharmacological gulu lapansi) ndi:

1. Bifiform
2. Orfadin,
3. Gastricumel (mankhwala akunyumba).

Berlition kapena Thioctacid - ndibwino?

Kwa Thioctacid ndi Berlition ubale ndi wofanana. Mankhwala onse awiriwa amapangidwa muzovuta zamankhwala ku Germany okhala ndi mbiri yabwino. Kutsimikizira kuti ndi ndani ali bwino ndikungoyesera kokha, pamene onse agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwalawa.

Ksenia, wazaka 29:Pambuyo pa kutenga Tiogamma, chizungulire ndi kufooka kwakukulu kunawonekera pamapiritsi. Sindinkafuna kudya ngakhale pang'ono, chakudyacho chinkawoneka wopanda vuto lililonse. Maphunzirowa atatha, zonse zidachira, koma sizinasinthe. Mwina pambuyo pa maphunziro oyamba kodi izi ndizabwinobwino? Mwinanso, kuti mumvetsetse momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, muyenera kumalandira chithandizo kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Palibe choti mulankhule.

Karina, wazaka 34:Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zapitazo, adamuchitira Berlition. Ndapatsidwa mankhwala kuchipatala. Pambuyo pa dontho, mutu wanga umapindika, panali kufooka kwamphamvu. Pambuyo,, pamene Berlition adalembedwa kuti apitirize chithandizo m'mapiritsi, kunalibe zosasangalatsa zotere.

Michael, wazaka 36:Sindikudziwa, Berlition adandithandiza, kapena kukonzekera zonse pamodzi, koma chiwindi chidachepa chifukwa cha matenda a Botkin, ndipo ndikumva bwino.

Ivan, wazaka 27:Adotolo atandipatsa chithandizo chamankhwala a Berlition, kupweteka kwa minyewa yanga mu gawo la thoracic kunasiya kundivutitsa pafupipafupi. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, ndinali ndi malingaliro osasangalatsa a goosebumps, dzanzi ndikunjenjemera.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala Chofunikira chachikulu pa mankhwalawa ndi antioxidant wachilengedwe womwe umaphatikiza ma free radicals. Acid imapangidwa ndi thupi chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za oksidijeni idi-keto acid.

Tcherani khutu! Ndemanga za madotolo zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu pochepetsa shuga ya magazi, kuwonjezera chiwindi cha glycogen komanso kuthana ndi insulin.

Mwa mphamvu zawo zamitundu mitundu, mapiritsi a Berlition 300 ndi 600 ali pafupi ndi mavitamini a B.

1. Tengani gawo la matenda a metabolism ndi lipid metabolism.
2. Sinthani chiwindi ntchito, yambitsani cholesterol metabolism.
3. Ali ndi hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidemic effect.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition 300 ndi 600 mu kulowetsedwa kwa jakisoni wambiri wamitsempha kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Pharmacokinetics Mapiritsi 300 ndi 600, kapena, zinthu zake, amatha "kudutsa" pachiwindi. Thioctic acid ndi zigawo zake pafupifupi kwathunthu (80-90%) zotulutsidwa ndi impso.

Yankho la jakisoni Berlition. Nthawi yofika ndende kwambiri mthupi ndi mtsempha wama mtsempha ndi 10-11 mphindi. Dera lomwe lili pansi pa curve yamankhwala (nthawi yokhazikika) ndi 5 μg h / ml. Kuzindikira kwakukulu ndi 25-38 mcg / ml.

Mapiritsi a Berlition a pakamwa pakamwa amasungunuka msanga ndipo amatengeka kwambiri m'matumbo. Mukamamwa ndi chakudya, adsorption imachepetsa. Pizere kwambiri ya mankhwalawa imatheka pambuyo pa mphindi 40-60. Bioavailability ndi 30%.

Hafu ya moyo ndi mphindi 20-50. Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min.

Zina mwa mankhwalawa

Ndemanga za madotolo ndi odwala za Berlition ndizabwino kwambiri, koma, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Panthawi ya chithandizo, odwala sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwama shuga a plasma. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo.Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kuti muchepetse mlingo wa insulin kapena mankhwala a hypoglycemic omwe amatengedwa ndi odwala mkati. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimapewedwa.

Berlition 300 kapena 600 jakisoni njira ayenera kutetezedwa UV UV. Izi zimachitika ndikakulunga botolo mu aluminiyamu zojambulazo. Njira yothetsera izi ikhoza kusungidwa kwa maola 7.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Nthawi zambiri, sizichitika, koma kawirikawiri, pambuyo pakugwa kwa yankho, kukhudzika, zotupa zazing'ono zimatuluka pakhungu la mucous ndi khungu, zotupa za hemorrhagic, thrombocytosis ndizotheka. Ndi makonzedwe achangu kwambiri, pamakhala mwayi woti munthu azitha kupanikizika komanso kuti azipuma movutikira.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa odwala ndi madokotala akuti zizindikiro zonsezi zimapita popanda kuchitapo kanthu.

Pali zotulukapo zakomweko zomwe zimawoneka m'gawo la jakisoni. Izi zitha kukhala urticaria kapena mawonekedwe ena amtunduwu, mpaka kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic. Kukula kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kungayambike chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa shuga, sikutsutsidwa.

Mapiritsi a Berlition nthawi zambiri amaloledwa popanda mavuto. Koma nthawi zina zovuta zotsatirazi ndizotheka:

• kulephera kupuma
• kutentha kwa mtima
• nseru
• kusanza
• hypoglycemia pa nthawi yapakati,
• urticaria.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

In vitro Berlition imakumana ndi zinthu zachitsulo za ionic. Mwachitsanzo, chisplatin chitha kuganiziridwanso. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi chisplatin kumachepetsa zotsatira zake.

Koma zotsatira za mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic ndi insulin, Berlition 300 kapena 600, m'malo mwake, zimakulirakulira. Ethanol, yemwe amapezeka mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa, amachepetsa kuchiritsa kwa mankhwalawa (werengani ndemanga).

The yogwira thunthu la Berlition, atakhudzidwa ndi shuga, mitundu pafupifupi insoluble mankhwala. Zotsatira zake kuti yankho la thioctic acid silingaphatikizidwe ndi kulowetsedwa kwa dextrose, Ringer, ndi njira zina zoterezi.

Ngati Berlition 300, mapiritsi a 600 adatengedwa m'mawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkaka, magnesium ndi kukonzekera kwachitsulo pokhapokha masana kapena madzulo. Pokhudzana ndi zinthu zamkaka, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Zoyipidwa zomwe zilipo

• Nthawi ya pakati komanso yoyamwitsa. Ngakhale zovuta za mankhwalawa sizitsimikiziridwa, chifukwa palibe kuwunika ndi maphunziro a dongosolo lotere.
• Kuzindikira kwakukulu pazigawo za Berlition.
• Mankhwalawa sanalembedwera ana (palibe ndemanga pa chitetezo ndi kugwira ntchito).

Kusunga, tchuthi, kunyamula

Mankhwalawa ndi a mndandanda B. Uyenera kusungidwa pamtunda wolephera kupitirira 25 ° C, m'malo osavomerezeka ndi ana.

Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito imatengera mtundu wa kumasulidwa:

• yankho la jakisoni - zaka 3,
• mapiritsi - 2 years.

Berlition amatulutsidwa pokhapokha atachokera kuchipatala. Njira yothetsera jakisoni imapezeka mu ampoules amdima a 25 mg / ml. Makatoni ama katoni (matrakiti) ali ndi ma ampoules 5. Nawa malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Mapiritsi a Berlition adakutidwa ndikuwakhomeka zidutswa 10 m'matumba opangidwa ndi opaque PVC zakuthupi kapena zojambulazo za aluminium. Makatoni okhala ndi matuza atatu ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition 300: njira ndi mlingo

Njira yothetsera kukonzedwa imayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono (kwa mphindi zosachepera 30) m'mitsempha ya 300-600 mg (1-2 ampoules) pakapita milungu iwiri. Kenako, wodwalayo amamuika piritsi la mankhwalawo ndipo mapiritsi 1-2 patsiku amalembedwa.

Kutalika kwa njira yonse ya chithandizo ndi kufunika kobwereza kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha imakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo isanayambe ntchito. Pazomwezi, zomwe zili mumapulogalamu a 1-2 amakanizidwa mu 250 ml ya 0,9% sodium kolorayidi. Thioctic acid imazindikira kuwala, choncho yankho lokonzekera liyenera kutetezedwa, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito foil ya aluminium. Pamalo amdima, makina osungunuka amatha kusungidwa osaposa maola 6.

Mapiritsi 300 a Berlition ayenera kumwedwa pakumwa kamodzi pa tsiku kwa mphindi 30 asanadye, kuwameza yonse ndikumwa madzi ambiri.

Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa 600 mg (mapiritsi 2).

Dokotala amawona kutalika kwa mankhwalawa komanso kufunika kochita mobwerezabwereza payekhapayekha. Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Berlition 300 nthawi zambiri amaloledwa. Osowa kwambiri (

Berlition 300 ndi 600: malongosoledwe, malingaliro okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito, contraindication

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa thioctic acid munjira ya mchere wa ethylenediamine kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa zovuta zoyipa.

Ndi pa / pakukhazikitsa thioctic acid C_max mu madzi am'madzi pambuyo pa mphindi 30 pafupifupi 20 μg / ml, AUC - pafupifupi 5 μg / h / ml. Ili ndi mphamvu ya "gawo loyamba" kudzera m'chiwindi. Kapangidwe ka metabolites kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa mbali ndi oxidation. V_d - pafupifupi 450 ml / kg. Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min / kg. Amakumba impso (80-90%), makamaka mwa ma metabolites. T_1/2 - pafupifupi mphindi 25

Tsatirani njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa Mtundu wachikasu, wowonekera.

Othandizira: ethylenediamine - 0,155 mg, madzi d / i - mpaka 24 mg.

24 ml - ma ampoules a galasi lakuda ndi voliyumu ya 25 ml (5) yokhala ndi zilembo zoyera zosonyeza mzere wopuma ndi mikwingwirima itatu (yobiriwira-chikasu-chobiriwira) - mapallet apulasitiki (1) - mapaketi a makatoni.

Mankhwala adapangira kulowetsedwa.

Kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa, mankhwala a Berlition 600 amaikidwa mu mtsempha wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa 600 mg (1 ampoule).

Musanagwiritse ntchito, zomwe zili 1 ampoule (24 ml) zimapukusidwa mu 250 ml ya sodium chloride ya 0.9% ndi jekeseni wamkati, pang'onopang'ono, kwa mphindi zosachepera 30. Chifukwa cha photosensitivity yogwira ntchito, njira yothetsera imakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo isanagwiritse ntchito. Njira yothetserayo iyenera kutetezedwa kuti isayerekezedwe ndi kuwala, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za aluminium.

Njira ya mankhwala ndi Berlition 600 ndi masabata 2-4. Monga chithandizo chotsatira cha kukonza, thioctic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa pakumwa tsiku lililonse la 300-600 mg. Kutalika kwa maphunziro ndi kufunika kobwereza kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala.

Zizindikiro kusanza, kusanza, kupweteka mutu.

Woopsa milandu: psychomotor mukubwadamuka kapena kusazindikira bwino, kukomoka kwakukulu, kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa acid-base, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia (mpaka kukula kwa chikomokere), mafupa amkati a minofu necrosis, DIC, hemolysis, kuponderezedwa kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chithandizo: Ngati mukukayikira kuledzera ndi thioctic acid (mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa zopitilira 80 mg za thioctic acid pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi), kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu zikhalidwe malinga ndi mfundo zomwe zimatengedwa ngati mwakachitika mwangozi mwadzidzidzi akulimbikitsidwa. Mankhwalawa ndi chizindikiro. Chithandizo cha kukomoka kwakukulu, lactic acidosis ndi zotsatira zina zowopsa za kuledzera ziyenera kuchitika molingana ndi mfundo zamakono zamankhwala osamala. Palibe mankhwala enieni. Hemodialysis, hemoperfusion kapena njira zosefera mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito thioctic acid sizothandiza.

Chifukwa chakuti thioctic acid imatha kupanga ma chelate zovuta ndi zitsulo, makonzedwe omwewo munthawi yomweyo ndikukonzekera zachitsulo ayenera kupewedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo mankhwala a Berlition 600 omwe ali ndi cisplatin kumachepetsa mphamvu yotsirizira.

Thioctic acid imapangika mosiyanasiyana sungunuka m'magulu a shuga. Mankhwala Berlition 600 sagwirizana ndi glucose, fructose ndi dextrose solution, yankho la Ringer, komanso ndi mayankho omwe amachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi magulu a SH.

The mankhwala Berlition 600 kumatheka hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin ndi hypoglycemic wothandizila pakamwa makonzedwe ntchito munthawi yomweyo.

Ethanol amachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya achire acid.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Berlition 600 amaperekedwa pansipa kutsika: zambiri (≥1 / 100, ndemanga zina 4 za madokotala

Berlition - mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa matenda a osteochondrosis

Alpha lipoic acid, vitamini N, ali ndi zofanana ndi mavitamini a B. Alpha lipoic acid amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino zachilengedwe. Imatha kuteteza makoma amitsempha yamagazi pazovuta za ma free radicals. Berlition ndi amodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi alpha lipoic acid, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu osteochondrosis. Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji, akuwonetsa bwanji, akuphwanya, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chitha kusintha?

Berlition amatanthauza mankhwala omwe njira yake yoyamba ndi alpha lipoic acid.

Mu pharmacology ndi mankhwala, panganoli limadziwikanso kuti lipoic kapena thioctic acid.

Alfa-lipoic acid mu kapangidwe kake kazinthu monga mankhwala ndi katundu ali ofanana ndi mavitamini, amasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndi mafuta.

Zotsatira zazikulu za alpha lipoic acid:

1. amathandizira pakufunika kwa michere mthupi,
2. imathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya,
3. amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe ndi mphamvu ya mavitamini ndi antioxidants,
4. imayambitsa ndikuchotsa zopitilira muyeso:
5. Kuteteza majini a ma molekyulu a DNA,
6. zopindulitsa mu njira za trophic, kukonza kagayidwe kazinthu kazambiri,
7. sinthana ntchito ya mitsempha yamitsempha,
8. imakonza chakudya, mafuta bwino.

Alpha lipoic acid, yemwenso amatchedwa oxidant wachilengedwe, chofunikira pama cell onse a thupi. Koma ubongo, mitsempha ndi maselo a chiwindi mu alpha lipoic acid makamaka chofunikira, ndikuvutika ndi kusowa kwa asidi awa.

Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo a alpha-lipoic acid ndi osiyanasiyana:

• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha,
• matenda ashuga a m'mimba ndi angiopathy,
• glaucoma
• matenda a chiwindi
• Chithandizo cha zotsatira za poyizoni wa mankhwala,
• monga mankhwala othandizira matenda a HIV, matenda ashuga.

Akamamwa pakamwa, wothandizila ndi alpha lipoic acid amadzipinda m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Alpha-lipoic acid ngati gawo logwira ntchito limaperekedwa mu mankhwala a Berlition, opangidwa ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala Chemie (Germany).

Mankhwala ndi a gulu la hepatoprotectors, othandizira pochiza ndi kukonza chiwindi.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa:

1. Pokhazikika pokonzekera yankho la jakisoni - ma ampoules 12 mg, okhala ndi alpha-lipoic acid okhala ndi 300 mg (UNITS). Atakwezedwa ma ampoules a 5.10.15 mu bokosi la makatoni.
2. Pokhazikika pokonzekera njira yothetsera jakisoni, pali ma ampoules a 24 mg omwe ali ndi zomwe ali ndi mankhwala ambiri a alpha lipoic acid a 600 mg (UNITS). Atayikidwa ma ampoules 5 kapena 10 mu katoni.
3. M'mapiritsi otsekemera a gelatin pamakonzedwe am'kamwa - 300 mg ya alpha-lipoic acid. Atakulungidwa mu mawonekedwe a ma contour ma kirediti ndi katoni.

Zojambula zofananira:

Mankhwala amatchulidwa ngati adjunctive mankhwala kuti imathandizire mphamvu interellular kagayidwe, kusintha trophic minofu, kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya ndi lipid bwino mu thupi.

Berlition (alpha lipoic acid) chikuwonetsedwa pa:

1. kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'mitsempha yama coronary,
2. kuchepa magazi
3. hypotension
4. ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi biliary thirakiti,
5. kuledzera kwadzaoneni komanso kosapweteka kwa magwero osiyanasiyana (poyizoni ndi mchere wazitsulo, ziphe, mowa),
6. polyneuropathies a malekezero apamwamba ndi otsika (otupa, oopsa, osagwirizana, ozunza, odwala matenda ashuga, odziyimira pawokha),
7. zosokoneza organic mu ma cell a bongo ndi msana,
8. endocrine pathologies yogwirizana ndi zovuta za metabolic.

Mankhwala Berlition ali contraindication ake.

Mosamala, poyang'aniridwa ndi glycemic, mankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala a lipoic acid amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse la matenda ashuga.

Berlition sinafotokozeredwe zochizira ana machitidwe, azimayi pa nthawi yobereka, mkaka wa m`mawere.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi alpha-lipoic acid ndi oletsedwa ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusagwirizana la fructose, kuperewera kwa lactose, galactosemia.

Berlition iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati adokotala akuwalimbikitsa kapena kuwayika.

Berlition nthawi zambiri imalekeredwa. ndi odwala. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kukhala zochepa, zowopsa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze mavuto a mankhwala zochokera alpha lipoic acid:

• dyspepsia: nseru ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kupweteka kwa epigastrium,
• anasintha kukoma
• kupweteka kwa mutu, chizungulire, kumva kuwawa m'mutu, kusokonekera, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe a ntchentche zing'onozing'ono, kusangalatsa kwa zinthu,
• mawonetseredwe okhudzika, kugwedezeka kwamalire,
• matenda a mtima mu mawonekedwe a khungu hyperemia, kumva kuperewera, tachycardia,
• matupi awo saonetsa vv mu mawonekedwe a totupa, kuyabwa pakhungu ndi urticaria.

Njira ya chithandizo imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

Mlingo ndi njira yothandizira makonzedwe a Berlition amasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Nthawi zambiri, Berlition amatumizidwa pakamwa muyezo wa mayunitsi 600 kamodzi pochizira polynyropathies kamodzi chakudya cham'mawa.

Kwa matenda oopsa, monga mankhwala a adjunct, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala Berlition kumasonyezedwa: jekeseni wa makapisozi.

Yankho la Berlition limayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (300 kapena 600) kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri m'mawa.

Mawonekedwe a mankhwala a jakisoni ndi chinthu cholumikizira, chomwe makonzedwe ake asanakhazikitsidwe ndi mchere wambiri pafupifupi 250 ml (vial).

Yankho la Berlition limayendetsedwa kudzera mu kukhuthala kwa mkati (30-45 mphindi). Pa njira yovomerezeka ya jakisoni wotsekemera, vial ya mankhwala osungunuka imatsekedwa ndi pepala lakuda kapena foil.

Pambuyo pamankhwala ochepetsa, adotolo amakupatsani mankhwala ena alpha-lipoic acid (mkamwa, makapisozi).

Zingwe za Berlition 300 U zitha kutumikiridwa intramuscularly kwa masabata a 2-4. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amathandizira mu 2 ml ya saline yamoyo.

Njira ya teraria yolembedwa ndi Berlition nthawi zambiri imatha miyezi iwiri. Malinga ndi umboniwo, maphunziro achiwiri a mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi alpha-lipoic acid amawayikidwa pambuyo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi alpha lipoic acid amatha kufotokozedwa mwa kukwiya kwa mucous membrane am'mimba, matumbo. Zizindikiro za bongo: kupweteka kwam'mimba ndi kusanza komanso kutsegula m'mimba.

Ndi njira ya mankhwala ndi Berlition, kupweteka ndi kuwotcha komwe kumayandikira kwa vertebra kumachepa

Mu gawo la matenda a osteochondrosis, ndi kukula kwa kuphipha kwamitsempha yamaitsempha yamagazi, kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi malo osungika m'deralo, mankhwala omwe amatha kuchepetsa mitsempha ya magazi ndikufalitsa matenda a minofu trophism ndikofunikira.

Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe ali ndi vasodilating, kuphatikiza pa Trental, Eufillin ndi Actovegin, Berlition imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pakati pa kusintha kwakapangidwe kakang'ono ka mankhwala a vasodilator, Berlition imathandizira kuchira.

Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito yokonza mitsempha yowonongeka ndi njira yokhazikika, yolimbitsa thupi imakhudzidwa.

Chithandizo cha Berlition chitha kuchepetsa kwambiri zotere monga kumverera koyaka m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi msana.

Ndi neurologist wokhayo yemwe amapereka chithandizo ndi Berlition kwa osteochondrosis. Mlingo, njira ya chithandizo ndi njira yochizira mankhwalawa adzafotokozedwera gawo la osteochondrosis (pachimake kapena chovuta), kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malamulo a boma.

Makapisozi a mankhwala amatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pa mlingo umodzi, tsiku lililonse Berlition amatengedwa.

Hafu ya ola atatenga kapisozi, wodwalayo amatha kudya chakudya.

Ndi osteochondrosis, mlingo wa tsiku lililonse wa mayunitsi 600 umaperekedwa.

Mu matenda owopsa a chiwindi, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawa, komanso kulowa kwa intravenous kapena intramuscular.

Odwala omwe ali pachimake cha matendawa amapatsidwa 300-600 IU ya lipoic acid (imodzi kapena ma ampoules awiri a Berlition).

Kuphatikiza pa kulowetsedwa kwamitsempha, ma jakisoni a mu mnofu wa Berlition amatha kuperekedwa pochiza matenda a osteochondrosis.

Pofuna kupatula zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikukula kwa anaphylactic reaction, njira zoperekera mankhwala ziyenera kuchitika kokha kuchipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala.

Pofuna kupatula mavuto obwera chifukwa chamankhwala omwe mumalandira ndi Berlition, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo, osapereka mankhwala nokha, osapitilira muyeso womwe umalimbikitsa.

Mankhwala ozikidwa ndi alpha lipoic acid ndi oletsedwa kuti azichitira amayi panthawi yoyembekezera.

Berlition sigwirizana ndi mowa komanso mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mowa. Ma alabohid ndi ma metabolites awo amalepheretsa zochitika ndi zochizira za alpha-lipoic acid.

Mapiritsi okhala ndi mafilimu ozungulira, biconvex, wotumbulika chikasu, wokhala ndi chopendekera mbali imodzi, mawonekedwe opingika: mawonekedwe osanjikiza amitundu yadziko.

Omwe amathandizira: lactose monohydrate - 60 mg, croscarmellose sodium - 24 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide - 18 mg, microcrystalline cellulose - 165 mg, povidone (K-30) - 21 mg, magnesium stearate - 12 mg.

Ma Shell: Utoto wa Opadry OY-S-22898 wachikasu - 12 mg (hypromellose - 6.597 mg, titanium dioxide (E171) - 3.9134 mg, sodium lauryl sulfate - 0,7096 mg, parafini wamadzimadzi - 0,676 mg, utoto wa dzuwa wa quinoline (E104) -0.075 mg, utoto wa masana dzuwa chikasu (E110) - 0,029 mg, parafini yamadzimadzi - 3 mg).

Ma PC 10 - matuza (3) - mapaketi a makatoni.
Ma PC 10 - matuza (6) - mapaketi a makatoni.
Ma PC 10 - matuza (10) - mapaketi a makatoni.

Thioctic (α-lipoic) acid, mankhwala am'mbuyomu antioxidant (amamanga ma radicals aulere), amapangidwa m'thupi mkati mwa oxidative decarboxylation a α-keto acid. Monga coenzyme ya mitochondrial multenzyme complexes, imatenga nawo oxidative carboxylation ya pyruvic acid ndi α-keto acid.

Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera zomwe glycogen imachita m'chiwindi, komanso kuthana ndi insulin. Mwa chikhalidwe cha zochita zamapangidwe amtundu, zimakhala pafupi ndi mavitamini a B. Amatenga nawo gawo la lipid ndi carbohydrate metabolism, imalimbikitsa kagayidwe ka cholesterol, ndikuwongolera ntchito ya chiwindi.

Ali ndi hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic effect.

Zogulitsa ndi kugawa

Pambuyo pakukonzekera kwamlomo, thioctic (α-lipoic) acid imathiridwa mwachangu komanso kwathunthu kuchokera kumimba. Kudya zakudya zambiri kumachepetsa. Nthawi yoti mufikire C_max - 40-60 Mphindi Bioavailability ndi 30%.

V_d - pafupifupi 450 ml / kg.

Kutetemera ndi chimbudzi

Imakhala ndi "gawo loyamba" kudzera m'chiwindi. Kapangidwe ka metabolites kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa mbali ndi oxidation.

Thioctic acid ndi ma metabolites ake amamuchira mkodzo (80-90%). T_1/2 - 20-50 mphindi Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min.

- zaka za ana (kuthekera ndi chitetezo sizinakhazikitsidwe),

- mimba - palibe chokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa),

- kuyamwitsa (palibe chokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa),

- Hypersensitivity ku zigawo za mankhwala.

Mkati, 600 mg (mapiritsi 2) amatchulidwa 1 nthawi / tsiku. Mapiritsi amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pafupifupi mphindi 30 asanadye koyamba, osafuna kutafuna komanso kumwa madzi ambiri. Kutalika kwa maphunzirowa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Kuchokera m'mimba: kuthekera (pambuyo pakamwa pakamwa) – dyspepsia, kuphatikiza nseru, kusanza, kutentha kwa mtima.

Kuchokera kumbali ya kagayidwe: hypoglycemia (chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa glucose).

Zotsatira zoyipa: Nthawi zina - urticaria.

Chithandizo: Zizindikiro. Palibe mankhwala enieni.

In vitro, thioctic (α-lipoic) acid imalumikizana ndi ma ionic irones (mwachitsanzo, cisplatin). Chifukwa chake, ndi munthawi yomweyo makonzedwe, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chisplatin ndikotheka.

Pambuyo potenga Berlition 300 m'mawa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachitsulo, magnesium, ndi mkaka (chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium) mukatha kudya nkhomaliro kapena madzulo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi kwa ethanol ndi metabolites ake kungachepetse achire ntchito ya thioctic (α-lipoic) acid.

Ndi munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition 300 kumathandizira hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin ndi pakamwa hypoglycemic wothandizira.

Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa iyenera kutetezedwa kuti isayerekezedwe ndi kuwala, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za aluminium. Njira yothetsera kutetezedwa ndikuwala ikhoza kusungidwa kwa pafupifupi maola 6. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka poyambira chithandizo. Nthawi zina, m`pofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin kapena mankhwala a pakamwa hypoglycemic kuti mupewe kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Odwala omwe amatenga Berlition 300 ayenera kupewa kumwa mowa.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Mndandanda B. Mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa kuti ana asawatenthe pa kutentha kosaposa 25 ° C. Moyo wa alumali ndi zaka 2.

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">," Zolemba_to_web ":" Lero ndidatenga mankhwala m'matumba ndipo ndidakhumudwa kwambiri. Zimawononga pafupifupi $ 30 (Berlition 600 mg), ndipo tsopano iyenera kutayidwa: ili ndi zowonjezera-utoto E123 (Amaranth), zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri (carcinogen, zatsimikizira kuti zitha kuwonjezera zotupa za khansa, zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwina ndi kukula kwa mabala mtima wa fetal mwa amayi apakati) ndikuletsedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia ndi Ukraine (funso ndikuti, kodi amagulitsa bwanji pamafakitore?). Yang'anani pa zotsatira zosaka pa E123 yowonjezera - mupeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. "," Parent_reply ": null," made_at ":," href ":" / ndemanga / permalink / 16836/1026 / ">," wosuta ": null >>> ">

1. 
   Gardner David, Schobeck Dolores Basic ndi Clinical Endocrinology. Buku lachiwiri, Beanom - M., 2011 .-- 696 c.
2. 
   Chithandizo cha endocrine matenda. M'mavoliyumu awiri. Gawo 2, Meridians - M., 2015 .-- 752 p.
3. 
   Gurvich, M.M. Zakudya za matenda a shuga mellitus / M.M. Gurvich. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 915 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka patsamba lino kuti athetse zovuta koma osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.