Momwe mungadziwire shuga popanda mayeso kunyumba

Matenda a shuga - zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la endocrine. Kulephera kumachitika chifukwa chosowa insulini, timadzi tomwe timatulutsidwa ndi kapamba.

Matendawa ndiofala kwambiri komanso owopsa, chifukwa zizindikiro zake sizimawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, matendawa amapezeka pafupipafupi pamlingo wopita patsogolo, zovuta zikayamba kale.

Koma ungadziwe bwanji ngati pali matenda ashuga kunyumba? Ngati sizotheka kukaonana ndi dokotala ndikukayezetsa, muyenera kuphunzira zomwe zingachitike matendawa. Komanso, ngakhale ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, ali ofanana kwambiri.

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani ndipo umatheka chifukwa chiyani?

Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga kunyumba, muyenera kudziwa kaye zambiri za matendawa. Pali mitundu iwiri yamatendawa, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chofala - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Poyamba, matenda amapezeka ndi kusowa kwa insulin mu 10-15% ya milandu. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, chithandizo cha insulin chimachitika nthawi zonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, timadzi timene timapangidwa mu kuchuluka, koma maselo amakhala osazindikira. Pankhaniyi, insulin chithandizo imayikidwa pokhapokha ngati mawonekedwe apamwamba a matenda.

Pali "matenda abwinobwino", koma ndizovuta kudziwa. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga amathandizidwanso, momwe chiopsezo chodwala matenda a hyperglycemia amachulukitsidwa kwambiri.

Ngati pali zoopsa, makamaka mwa ana, zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo ndibwino kumayesedwa kwathunthu kuchipatala. Kuchepa kwa matendawa kumawonjezeka motere:

1. onenepa kwambiri
2. hyperglycemia pa mimba,
3. chibadwa
4. kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi
5. matenda oopsa
6. uchidakwa
7. matenda a kapamba ndi zonyansa mu endocrine system,
8. kupsinjika ndi kukhumudwa,
9. kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
10. moyo wosachita bwino.

Koma mudziwa bwanji kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga ndi zizindikiro za matendawa? M'malo mwake, kunyumba, ndizotheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda amtundu uliwonse, koma pokhapokha atatsagana ndi chithunzi chotchulidwa kuchipatala.

Mphamvu yowonetsera imakhudzidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa insulin, kukana kwa maselo kwa mahomoni, kupezeka kwa matenda a pathologies, komanso zaka za wodwalayo.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga ndi zizindikiro?

Mwa munthu wathanzi, atatha kudya, shuga m'magazi amawonjezeka, koma patatha maola awiri, msambo wa glycemia umakhazikika. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga, kuphatikizidwa kwa glucose kumachepa kapena kukwera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zimachitika zingapo. Izi zimaphatikizapo ludzu (polydipsia), pamene munthu amamwa mpaka malita 9 amadzi patsiku, ndikuwonjezera kukodza komwe sikuima ngakhale usiku.

Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amakhala ndi njala yosatha, ndipo khungu lake limakhala louma komanso lotuwa. Kufooka kwa minofu ndi kukokana, kufooka kopanda pake, kusakwiya komanso kusachita mphwayi kumawonekeranso.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda a shuga, kuona kumatha kusokonezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala kugaya chakudya, kuwonetsedwa ndi mseru komanso kusanza. Ngakhale munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, dzanzi la miyendo ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu kumaliseche, m'mimba, miyendo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuzindikira matendawo mwakuwonetsa monga:

• Kuchulukana kwa tsitsi
• matenda apakhungu
• kutumphuka kwa denga lokwera kwambiri, lomwe limatuluka chifukwa cha kukoka pafupipafupi,
• mawonekedwe a xanthomas pa thupi,
• Kutha kwa tsitsi m'mphepete.

Mu makanda, matendawa amatha kuwoneka ngati kuchepa kwa phindu lochulukirapo, matenda opatsirana komanso chotupa. Mkodzo ukalowa mu diaper, nkhope zawo zimasamba.

Matenda a shuga kwa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa amatha kukhala ndi matendawa monga kusowa kudya, kutopa kwambiri, kugona, mavuto ndi mavuto a dysbiosis. Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikiritso cha matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia mwa ana ndimomwe kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Kudziwa matenda ashuga mu achinyamata ndi kosavuta kwambiri kuposa kwa ana. Pazaka izi, matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi chilakolako chambiri, kukodza pafupipafupi, kuchepa thupi, kuwonetsa thupi ndi ludzu.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga uli ndi zomwe umasiyana nawo komanso zomwe ali nazo. Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matendawa, ambiri mwa zizindikiro za matendawo amawonekera, koma amatha kusiyana mu mphamvu yakuwonekera. Chizindikiro cha fomu yodalira insulin ndi kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kukomoka, komwe kumayambitsa kukomoka.

Komanso, ndi matenda amtundu 1 m'miyezi 3-4, munthu amatha kutaya mpaka 15 kg. Komanso, njira yochepetsera thupi imayendera limodzi ndi chidwi, kufooka ndi khungu. Kuperewera kwa mankhwalawa kumadzetsa matenda a anorexia, ndipo pambuyo pake ketoacidosis imayamba, yokhala ndi kupuma kwa zipatso.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi, ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya. Matendawa amatapezeka mpaka zaka 30, ndipo amatha kutsagana ndi munthu kubadwa.

Ndipo pakukalamba, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, mwa ine adawonetsedwa ndi kamwa yowuma, ludzu komanso kukodzanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa insulin wopanda matenda umayendera limodzi ndi kuyabwa kwamtundu. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oterewa amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha kukana kwa maselo kupita ku insulin.

Komabe, poyamba matendawa samadziwonetsera, motero munthu amayendera dokotala pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zina zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Zotsatira zake zimawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonongeka kwa mtima komanso kulimba kwa minofu.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhudza ziwonetsero ndi mawonekedwe a miyendo. Chifukwa chake, odwala ambiri amapita kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni, opaleshoni, ndipo pokhapokha kupita kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

T1DM ndi nthenda ya autoimmune momwe maselo oyera ammagazi (T-lymphocyte) amaonedwa ngati achilendo kwa maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba ndikuwawononga. Pakadali pano, thupi limafunikira insulini mwachangu kuti maselo azitha kuyamwa glucose. Ngati mulibe insulin yokwanira, ndiye ma mamolekyulu a glucose sangathe kulowa mkati mwa cell ndipo, chifukwa chake, amadzaza m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala othandiza kwambiri: thupi limazindikira kuchepa kwa insulin kokha ngati 75-80% ya maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kupanga insulin atawonongeka kale. Pambuyo pokhapokha izi zitachitika, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zimapezeka: kumazunza ludzu pafupipafupi, kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kutopa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuyankha funso la momwe mungadziwire matenda amtundu wa 1 kusinthasintha kwakukali kwamlingo wamagazi m'magazi: kuchokera kutsika kupita kumtunda komanso mosiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mu ana! Mu nthawi ya matendawa, kusintha kosinthika kwadzidzidzi ndikotheka, mpaka kukomoka.

Chizindikiro chofananira cha matenda amtundu woyamba ndicho kuchepa thupi msanga. M'miyezi yoyambirira, imatha kufika ma kilogalamu 10-15. Mwachilengedwe, kuchepa thupi kwambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kusayenda bwino, kufooka kwambiri, kugona. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchiyambiyambi ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto lalikulu, amadya kwambiri. Izi ndi zizindikiro zokuthandizani kudziwa matenda ashuga osayesa. Matendawa akamakula, wodwalayo amayamba kuchepa thupi komanso kugwira ntchito.

Ndi DM 1, khungu silimangokhala louma: ma capillaries pamaso amakulitsidwa, kutulutsa kowala kumawoneka pamasaya, chibwano ndi pamphumi.

Pambuyo pake, anorexia, yomwe imayambitsa ketoacidosis, ikhoza kuyamba. Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis ndi mseru, kusanza, kupuma koipa. Popeza thupi silitha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kuti lipange mphamvu ndi kuperewera kwa insulin, amakakamizidwa kuyang'ana magwero ena mphamvu. Ndipo, monga lamulo, amawapeza m'masungidwe amafuta, omwe amawola mpaka mulingo wa matupi a ketone. Kutupa kwachulukidwe kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa acidity ya magazi ndi ketoacidosis. Chizindikiro chake ndi mpweya wowuma, woipa (chikuwoneka ngati chikukununkhira ngati msomali wa kupukutira msomali, womwe uli ndi acetone). Komabe, mkodzo sutha kununkhiranso mwamphamvu.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa achinyamata (5-10% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1), koma anthu opitilira 40 amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo amapatsidwa mankhwala oyenera, omwe cholinga chake ndi kutsitsa shuga.

Type 2 shuga

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, maselo amthupi amakhala osaganizira insulin. Poyamba, thupi limatha kulipirira kuchepa uku popanga insulini yambiri. Komabe, patapita nthawi, kupanga insulini mu kapamba kumachepa - ndipo nthawi ina sikokwanira.

Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, zizindikirazo ndizosakhudzika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale oopsa. Zaka zisanu kapena ngakhale khumi zimadutsa asanapezeke matenda anu.

Kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, monga matenda amtundu 1, kupezeka kwa chibadwa ndikofunikira, koma kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso moyo wongokhala.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi anthu opitilira zaka 40. Nthawi zambiri, kutchulidwa kwa matendawa kulibe. Kuzindikira kumachitika nthawi zambiri mwangozi mukatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zidandaulo monga kudana ndi kukodza pafupipafupi komanso ludzu nthawi zambiri kulibe. Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimakhala ndi nkhawa ndikakhala kuyabwa pakhungu ndi ziwalo. Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka kawirikawiri muofesi ya dermatologist.

Poganizira chithunzi chomaliza chamatenda, matendawa amatha kuchedwa kwakanthawi kwa zaka zingapo, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa zisonyezo. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yodziwitsa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2, madokotala nthawi zambiri amawona mitundu yonse ya zovuta, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chachikulu choti wodwalayo apite kuchipatala.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumatha kuonekanso mu ofesi ya dokotala wa opaleshoni (kukambirana za phazi la matenda ashuga). Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatchulidwa kwa opaleshoni chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (retinopathy). Popeza kuti ali ndi hyperglycemia, odwala matenda a mtima amaphunzira pambuyo pa vuto la mtima.

Zovuta pakuzindikira matenda ashuga koyambira ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamtsogolo zamatendawa. Chifukwa chake, munthu aliyense amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake ndipo, pakukayikira koyamba, afunsane ndi katswiri!

Pofuna kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi, mayeso angapo a labotale amachitidwa:

1. Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone,
2. Kuyesa kwa gluluose
3. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, insulin ndi C-peptide m'magazi,
4. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi

Chiyeso chopanda kanthu m'mimba sikokwanira kuti mupange kuzindikira koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zamtundu wa glucose maola 2 mutatha kudya.

Nthawi zina (nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa matendawa) mwa odwala kumakhala kuphwanya kwa mayamwidwe basi, ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umatha kukhala malire. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi limagwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zake zamkati ndipo likuyang'anirani lokha.

Mukadutsa kuyesedwa kwa magazi, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kuonedwa:

1. Chakudya chomaliza chikuyenera kuchitika osachepera maola 10 musanatengere magazi,
2. Simungamwe mankhwala omwe angasinthe zotsatira za mayeso,
3. Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini C,
4. Musanatenge mayeso, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe ndi thupi sikuyenera kuchuluka.

Ngati palibe matenda, ndiye kuti shuga akusala ayenera kukhala m'magulu 3.3 - 3.5 mmol / L.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso?

Ngati mukuzindikira zizindikiro zilizonse zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa mayeso onse ofunikira. Inde, kuzindikira koyambirira kwamatendawa kumapewetsa zovuta zazikulu mtsogolo.

Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yolondola yoyeza shuga mumagazi anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mita. Chidacho chimakhala ndi timiyeso tachiyeso ndi chida chapadera choboola chala.

Musanapendeketse nyumba, ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja ndikupukuta pakhungu ndi zakumwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, chifukwa dothi pazala lingakhudze magwiridwewo.

Kusala shuga wambiri kumatha kuyambira 70 mpaka 130 mg / dl. Koma mutatha kudya, zizindikirozo zimakwera mpaka 180 mg / dl.

Njira inanso yopangira kunyumba matenda a shuga ndi kudzera mumizeremizere yoyeserera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mkodzo. Komabe, akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matendawa pokhapokha ngati ndende ya shuga ikwera kwambiri. Ngati mulingowo ndi wochepera pa 180 mg / dl, ndiye kuti zotsatira zoyesedwa zimatha kupereka mayankho abodza, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesedwa kwa labotale.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta za AC1, ndizothekanso kuzindikira zosokoneza mu kagayidwe kazachilengedwe komanso ntchito ya kapamba kunyumba. Zomerazi zimakuthandizani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin A1C, amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa miyezi itatu. Zinthu za hemoglobin zabwinobwino zimakhala mpaka 6%.

Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso za matenda a shuga, omwe, atachita zoyeserera kunyumba, adadzipezanso kuti ali ndi hyperglycemic (pamwambapa 130 mg / dl), muyenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu.

Nthawi inanso, vuto la insulin limatha, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatha ndi imfa.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji kuti musadwale matenda ashuga?

Popewa kuyambika kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kusintha kwathunthu moyo. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe thupi lanu lilili ndikudya moyenera. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudya zakudya zosachepera 5 pa tsiku muzigawo zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusiya mafuta ambiri, chakudya chambiri, zakudya zotsekemera ndi zakumwa zochokera mu kaboni.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuvutitsidwa kwa fodya ndi mowa kumaletsedwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'ana shuga wamagazi, kupewa nkhawa komanso musaiwale za zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

Koma ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga 1, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera pa kutsatira malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambawa, insulin chithandizo ndiyofunikira. Pankhaniyi, mlingo ndi mtundu wa insulin ziyenera kusankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala wopita. Koma ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino kwamthupi komanso mkhalidwe wabwinobwino, avareji ya insulini ndi 0,5-1 PIERES pa 1 kg yolemera.

Kuti mulipirire shuga, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Ubwino wakuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndikuti panthawi yolimbitsa thupi minofu yam'magazi, oxidation yambiri ya glucose imachitika. Chifukwa chake, shuga akamawotchedwa m'minyewa, kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumachepa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, mankhwala a insulini amachitika pokhapokha ngati ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Koma ndi matenda amtunduwu, chithandizo chamankhwala chimawonjezeredwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kupewa zovuta zomwe sizingachitike sikungakhale kopanda pake, koma pankhaniyi, chithandizo chimasankhidwa payekhapayekha. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akufotokozerani momwe mungadziwire matenda anu a shuga.