Ma pancreatic mahomoni ndi gawo lawo pakupanga kagayidwe

Zikondwerero - chiwalo chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 15-25, kutalika kwa masentimita 3-9 ndi mainchesi 2-3, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi m'mimba (momwe adatchulira dzina). Unyinji wa kapamba ndi magalamu pafupifupi 70-80. Iron amatenga gawo lalikulu pamagayidwe ndi kagayidwe kazinthu. Kasitomala ndiye chachiwiri chachikulu pamatumbo (pambuyo pa chiwindi).

Mwa anthu, kapamba amalemera kuchokera 80 mpaka 90 magalamu. Zikondazo zimachita mbali yayikulu mu kagayidwe kazakudya ndi njira yogaya chakudya, zimagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu - exocrine ndi intrasecretory.

Kapamba amatenga gawo lofunikira mu kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kagayidwe kazakudya, amagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu - exocrine ndi intrasecretory.

Ntchito ya exocrine ndiyo kubisala kwa madzi a pancreatic mu duodenum omwe amakhala ndi ma enzymes (trypsin, lipase, maltase, lactase, amylase, ndi zina zotere), potero amalowerera zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono pokonza chimbudzi. Ntchito ya intra-secretory ndikupanga mahomoni (insulin, glucagon ndi lipocoin).

Insulin ndi glucagon ali mwa iwo okonda kutsutsana, amawongolera shuga wabwinobwino wamwazi, amatenga kagayidwe kazakudya.

Lipocoin amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a phospholipids mu chiwindi, zomwe zimakhudza kukhathamiritsa kwa oxidation kwamafuta acids. Ndi kuchepa kwake, kuchepa kwamafuta kwa chiwindi ndikotheka. Zolemba zake zabwinobwino zimalepheretsa kuwonekera kwamafuta kulowa m'chiwindi ndi kapamba palokha.

Zikondazo zimatulutsa madzi akhansa a pancreatic mu duodenum, omwe, kuwonjezera pa gawo lamadzimadzi, pali zinthu za mucous komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma enzyme. Enzymes zimapangidwa koyamba mu mawonekedwe osagwira ntchito ndipo zimayikidwa mu duodenum mothandizidwa ndi bile, enterokinase, machitidwe awo cholinga chake ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu akuluakulu.

Kapangidwe kamayendetsa gland palokha, komwe kamayamba kulowa mu duodenum. Nthawi zambiri, ma pancreatic ndi bile ducts wamba amapanga gawo lochulukirapo ndipo lotseguka pamphuno yayikulu ya duodenum.

Kufunika kwa kapamba wamoyo

Pancreas (Pancreas) ndi gawo lapadera lamkati lopangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha - kumtunda komanso kutsikira. Mkati mwa chitsulocho mumakhala lobo, ndipo kunja kuli ngati gulu lalikulu. Monga dzinalo likunenedzera, Pancreas ili kudera lamanzere la epigastric, pansi kuchokera pamimba (pamene thupi la munthu ligona pansi). Cancreas ndi gawo limodzi la magayidwe am'mimba ndi endocrine, chifukwa nthawi imodzimodzi imagwira ntchito za exocrine (exocrine) ndi endocrine (intracecretory).

Ntchito yakunja (yowonjezera) imazindikira gawo lachiberekero, lomwe limakhala 98% ya kuchuluka kwake. Madzi a pancreatic omwe amapangidwa pano ali ndi ma enzyme opukusa. Kuyimilira mu lumen ya duodenum, chinsinsi cha pancreatic chimaphatikizidwa ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya, kuwononga mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Zonsezi zikuchokera komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi a pancreatic amatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa mbale zomwe timadya. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mkate kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsidwa kwapadera m'matumbo, zopangidwa ndi nyama zimapangitsa secretion mwachangu, ndipo mkaka - wocheperako. Mukasala kudya, kuchuluka ndi michere ya pancreatic madzi ndizosagwira.

Gawo la endocrine la chiwalo limayimiridwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans - zochuluka za maselo apadera pakati pa lobules omwe amagawidwa mthupi lonse la chisa, koma makamaka mu gawo la caudal. Amapanga zinthu zofunikira kwachilengedwe zomwe zimatulutsidwa mwachindunji m'magazi ndikupatsidwa ziwalo zomwe zikulunjidwa. Mahomoni a pancreatic ndi ofunika kwambiri mu metabolism ya carbohydrate.

Mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba

Homoni wamkulu wa kapamba amatchedwa insulin. Ichi ndi polypeptide yophatikiza 51 amino acid, kaphatikizidwe kamene kamayang'anira maselo a beta a pancreatic islets (insulae pancreaticae). Mwa iwo, potenga nawo michere ya proteinase, timadzi timene timapangidwa timene timapangidwa kuchokera kwaomwe amamuyambitsa, proinsulin, yemwe ntchito yake ndi 5% ya insulin yokha.

Insulin imakhala ndi kulemera mozungulira pafupifupi 6000 Da ndipo imakhala ndi maunyolo angapo a polypeptide omwe amalumikizidwa ndi milatho ya disulfide. Machitidwe a thupi la insulin m'magazi a anthu amachokera 3 mpaka 25 mkU / ml, mwa amayi apakati msambo wawo umafika pa 5-27 mkU / ml, ndipo mwa ana ndi 3-20 mkU / ml.

Kuphatikiza pa insulin, gawo la pancreas limatulutsa:

• glucagon,
• c ndi peptide,
• pancreatic polypeptide,
• gastrin
• amylin

Ntchito za mahomoni apancreatic mthupi

Udindo wa insulin

Kufunika kwakukulu kwa insulin ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuyambitsa njira zogwiritsira ntchito (mayamwidwe) a glucose ndi mayamwidwe ake ndi minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose. Zimachitika motere.

Zakudya zomanga thupi za amylase zomata zopaka mkamwa zimagwera kale mashuga osavuta - maltose ndi glucose, pambuyo pake umalowa m'magazi mosavuta. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, shuga amasandulika kukhala glycogen - polysaccharide, yomwe muyeso wake umayikidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu. Chifukwa chake, motsogozedwa ndi insulin, shuga amamezedwa ndi minofu.

Limagwirira ntchito ya insulin amadziwika angapo mbali imodzi. Choyamba, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa shuga m'magazi a chiwindi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi maselo a thupi lathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha cell chiwonjezeke. Mofanananso ndi izi, insulin imaletsa kusokonekera kwa glucagon, mahomoni a kapamba omwe ali ndi vuto lina la insulin.

Udindo wa glucagon

Ma polypeptide amodzi amodzi omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a alpha am'mapazi a Langerhans ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu pafupifupi 3,500 Da. Mtundu wa glucagon - enteroglucagon wopangidwa ndi matumbo mucosa, umasiyana pang'ono ndi kapamba pazomwe zimachitika.

Glucagon imawonjezera shuga m'magazi ndikulimbikitsa kapangidwe kake ndi chiwindi. Amalimbikitsanso kusweka kwa lipids mu minofu ya adipose. Chifukwa chake, insulin ndi glucagon zimagwira ntchito zosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala bwino. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu izi, mahomoni a pituitary, chithokomiro, matenda a parathyroid ndi gren adrenal - adrenaline, cortisol ndi somatostatin (kukula kwa mahomoni) akuphatikizidwa posunga shuga wambiri.

Pancreatic polypeptide ndi ntchito zake

C-peptide sitha kutchedwa mahomoni odzaza ndi kapamba, chifukwa ndi kachigawo ka molekyulu ya proinsulin, yomwe, itapatukana nayo, imazungulira momasuka m'magazi, kukhala mtundu wofanana ndi insulin. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito pozindikira matenda ashuga ndi matenda ena a kapamba ndi chiwindi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mulingo wa C-peptide kwalembedwa ndi insulinomas. Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikirochi chimakulolani kuti musinthe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, ndikumafotokozera zomwe zili mu insulin. Komanso, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumathandizira kuwunika mkhalidwe wa mwana wosabadwayo mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kodi ma pancreatic hormone amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Amadziwika kuti insulini imayamba kupangidwa pamsika wamagazi a 5.5 mmol / L, ndipo glycemia ikafika 3,3 mmol / L, kupanga kwake kuyimitsidwa. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa glucose wamagazi, kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka, ndipo akatsika, m'malo mwake, shuga wamkulu amatulutsidwa.

Mahomoni ena ndi endocrine pancreatic dysfunction

Ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba, komanso ntchito ya exocrine m'njira zambiri imakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya

Gawo la maselo a pancreatic amatulutsa mahomoni enieni okhudzidwa mu kayendetsedwe ka chimbudzi.

Pancreatic gland mobisa:

1. Ghrelin ndi timadzi tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi njala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azisangalala.
2. Pancreatic polypeptide - chinthu chomwe physiology yake ya kukopa imalepheretsa katulutsidwe wa kapamba ndikulimbikitsanso kupanga madzi a m'mimba.
3. Bombesin - wothandizira pakudzala chakudya, komanso amathandizira kubisalira kwa pepsin ndi m'mimba.
4. Lipocaine ndi mahomoni omwe tanthauzo lake limakhala kukhudzana kwamafuta omwe adalipo.

Chifukwa chake, zikondamoyo zikagwirira ntchito wamba komanso zimagwira ntchito zake zonse, chiopsezo chokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga amachepetsa. Ngati nthawi zonse zimawonekera pakukhudzidwa kwa zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kukhudzidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta, kuphwanya malamulo kumatha kuchitika komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukanika kwa endocrine komanso endocrine.

Pancreatitis ndi kutukusira kwa minofu ya kapamba yomwe imakhudza ziwalo zake zonse, chifukwa chake mavuto amayamba kuchitika pambiri.

Pang'onopang'ono, matenda a endocrine gawo la pancreatic gland akhoza kugawidwa mu:

Matenda ofala kwambiri obadwa nawo amatengedwa kuti ndi matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi insulin. Vutoli ndikusowa kwa maselo a beta m'masukulu a Langerhans, kapena kuphwanya ntchito yawo yachinsinsi. Ana oterowo amakakamizidwa moyo wawo wonse katatu pa tsiku kuti adadzibaya insulin mosadukiza, komanso muyeso wa shuga ndi glucometer.

Wopezeka ma pathologies amatuluka chifukwa cha pancreatic kuwonongeka - zowawa zake, kukhudzana ndi poizoni. Kuphwanya kotereku kumatha kuchitika ngati njira yokhazikika ya matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin ndikuphwanya pang'ono insulin. Wodwala wotere ndikokwanira kutsatira zakudya. Kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kupangidwanso ndi chitukuko cha pancreatic necrosis, vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwachangu.

Endocrinology yonse ikuyang'ana njira zothanirana ndi zovuta za pancreatic, komanso njira zodzitetezera kuti ziwonongeke.

Chithandizo cha pancreatic matenda

Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga. Njira yokhayo yochizira matendawa ndi kudzera mu insulin. M'mbuyomu, zidachokera ku nyama, tsopano amatulutsa insulin kapena kupanga zopangidwa.

Vutoli limabwera m'mitundu iwiri - yochepa komanso yayitali. Kuchita zinthu mwachangu insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kanayi pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15 musanadye chakudya, ndi chinthu champhamvu chomwe chimathandiza kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Mitundu yayitali ya insulin imalowetsedwa kawiri patsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo, mawonekedwe awa amalepheretsa kusinthasintha kwa glucose wamagazi kumbuyo kwa kupsinjika, kulimbitsa thupi komanso momwe akumvera.

Pali mapampu a insulin omwe amasoka khungu; zida izi zimapangidwira dongosolo linalake lotulutsa insulin. Chowonadi chogwiritsira ntchito kwawo ndikusowa kwa kufunika kwa jakisoni wokhazikika, pakati pa minus ndi kukwera mtengo komanso kusasamala kwa odwala omwe asiya kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kudalira moyo wawo pampu.

Otsamira a shuga osadalira insulin. Ntchito yayikulu pakuchiza matendawa ndi kukonza njira ya moyo - izi ndi zakudya, kuchepa thupi, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndi miseru yambiri ya glucose, mankhwala otsitsa glucose, monga glibenclamide, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati. Zotsatira zachilengedwe za mankhwala a gululi ndikuwonetsa kubisalira kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta a zisumbu za Langerhans, popeza mu mtundu uwu wa shuga ntchito ya pancreatic gland imasungidwa, ngakhale imachepetsedwa.

M'malo mwa shuga mumagwiritsidwa ntchito - fructose, sorbitol. Izi zimathandiza odwala kuti asadzikane okha maswiti komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso thanzi lawo.

Mikhalidwe yowopseza moyo

Ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba, monga tafotokozera kale, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ubongo.

Mphamvu ya thupi zimadalira momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa kuthana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, kapamba amakhudza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwamphamvu m'maselo am'maselo.

Chifukwa chake, ngati ntchito yake yophwanyidwa, zochitika zowopsa m'moyo zingachitike, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

1. Hypoglycemic coma ndi malo ovuta kwambiri kuchitira ubongo; amachitika ndi insulin yambiri, kapena ngati wodwalayo sanadye pambuyo pobayira jakisoni. Kuwonetsedwa mwachangu ndi kufooka, kuchulukitsa thukuta lakuzindikira. Choyamba thandizo kupatsa munthu kena kena lokoma kapena kumwa tiyi wokoma. Ngati vutoli likukulira kwambiri mpaka munthu atha kuzindikira, njira ya shuga imayendetsedwa kudzera mu jekeseni kapena dontho,
2. Ketoacidotic chikomokere - chifukwa chake ndi insulin yokwanira, ubongo umakhudzidwa ndi kusweka kwa zinthu za glucose. Mutha kukayikira ngati munthu akudwala, asanza, pali fungo lakuthwa la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Mutha kuthandiza munthu popereka insulin,
3. Hyperosmolar coma ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi. Pazifukwa zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa madzi osmotic kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimatsogolera kuti madzi amayenda mkati mwa maselo. Madzi owonjezera a intracellular ndi edema. Cerebral edema, kumene, imatha kuthandizidwa ndikupereka mankhwala othandizira, nthawi zina ngakhale popanda zotsalira kwa wodwalayo. Koma nthawi zambiri, ngakhale munthu atakhala kuti ali ndi moyo amatha kupulumutsidwa, amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la mitsempha.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tikayikire zovuta zam'kati mu nthawi ya odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la pancreatic endocrine. Kudya maswiti munthawi kungapulumutse moyo wa munthu.

Zambiri pancreatic ntchito zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.