Zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo komanso kuzindikira matenda a shuga

Popeza kuchuluka kwambiri shuga mellitus (shuga) M'mayiko ena, kufufuza kwake kogwira ntchito kumachitika ndikuwunika kwa anthu onse. Njira imeneyi imafuna ndalama zambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso kufunsa anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi matendawa kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa magulu oopsa. Zotsirizazo zimagawika m'magulu a chiopsezo chotheratu komanso chowopsa.

Kuthekera kwakukulu kopezeka ndi matenda a shuga m'gulu lathunthu langozi. Mulinso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo, lomwe ndi:

1) mapasa ofanana omwe mnzake amadwala matenda a shuga. Concordance wa mapasa a monozygotic ndi lembani matenda ashuga 2SD-2) amapitilira 70%, kufikira, malinga ndi olemba ena, 90-100% pa moyo wonse, komanso lembani matenda ashuga 1SD-1) - sichidutsa 50%,
2) ana omwe ali ndi makolo onse akudwala matenda a shuga. Chiwopsezo chotenga CD-1 m'gululi ndi 20% pazaka 20 zoyambirira za moyo ndipo pafupifupi 50% moyo wonse. Mu DM-2, kuwunika kowopsa ndikwapamwamba. Mwayi wopanga CD-1 m'zaka 20 zoyambirira za moyo wa mwana wobadwa kwa makolo athanzi ndi 0.3% yokha,
3) ana omwe m'modzi mwa makolo amadwala matenda a shuga, ndipo achibale akudwala mzere wa enawo,
4) ana omwe m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena abale, mlongo,
5) Amayi omwe abereka mwana wakufa yemwe ziphuphu zakumapazi zimapezeka.

Popanga kukhazikitsidwa kwa cholowa, gawo lofunikira limachitika ndi chilengedwe. Mu matenda a shuga mellitus-2, kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuchuluka 1 kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa matendawa a shuga 2 kumawerengeka poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera, komanso kuchuluka kwachiwiri - kunenepa kwambiri - maulendo 5, ndi digiri 3 - 8-10 nthawi.

Gulu lotchedwa "wachibale" lomwe lili pachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi:

1) kunenepa kwambiri,
2) atherosulinosis,
3) matenda a mtima,
4) matenda oopsa
5) chifuwa chachikulu,
6) matenda endocrine limodzi ndi hyperproduction wa ma contrainsulin mahomoni (Itsenko-Cushing's matenda ndi matenda, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, kuperekera poizoni woopsa, etc.),
7) matenda a shuga a impso, komanso nkhope:
8) Kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids nthawi yayitali,
9) Wokalamba ndi wopanda zaka,
10) azimayi omwe abereka mwana wolemera thupi kapena wofanana ndi 4000 g,
11) azimayi omwe ali ndi mbiri yoletsa - gestosis ya theka loyambirira la kubereka, kubereka, etc.,
12) Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20 tsopano.

Anthu omwe ali ndi zoopsa zomwe zili pamwambapa amapita kukayezetsa kuchipatala kuti adziwe kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kamene kamakhala magawo awiri. Cholinga cha gawo loyamba ndikukhazikitsa njira zowoneka bwino za matenda ashuga. Kuti tichite izi, timawerenga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kudya glycemia kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'mawa tisanadye kadzutsa mutatha kudya osachepera maola 8) kapena masana. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L (59-99 mg%), kusinthasintha kwa glycemic masana kumatsika kwambiri kuposa "limpso" la glucose, lomwe ndi 8.9-10.0 mmol / l (160-180 mg%), pomwe shuga kulibe mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kungachitike ngati pakuchitika mayeso ena otsatirawa:

1) glucose othamanga wamagazi> 6.1 mmol / L (110 mg%),
2) kupezeka mwangozi kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary> 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg%) (phunziroli limachitika nthawi iliyonse masana, mosasamala nthawi yayitali chakudya).

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo masana nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga (polyuria, polydipsia, ndi zina). Pamaso pazizindikirozi, ndikokwanira kuzindikira kuwonjezeka kwa glycemia> 6.1 mmol / L (110 mg%) pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena> 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) nthawi iliyonse kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Kupimidwa kowonjezera pamilandu imeneyi sikofunikira. Palibe mawonekedwe a chipatala, kuwunika kwa matenda ashupi kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa pakukonzanso kwa glycemia m'masiku otsatirawa.

Kuwona kwa kupezeka kwa glucosuria kuzindikiritsa matenda a shuga ndikochepa, popeza shuga mkodzo umatha kupezeka osati kuphwanya kagayidwe kake kokha, ndiko kuti, shuga, komanso m'malo ena - matenda a impso, kutenga pakati, kudya maswiti ambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti cholumikizira impso cha glucose, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumayamba kupezeka mumkodzo, kumasiyana kwambiri (Table 1). Pankhani imeneyi, glucosuria monga chizindikiro chosiyanitsa matenda a shuga sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, kudziwika kwa hyperglycemia yodziwikiratu kumapereka chifukwa chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathetsa matendawa.

Pambuyo kupatula kwa chiwonetsero cha shuga chowonekera, gawo lachiwiri la mayeso limachitika - mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose pakamwa (PGTT) pofuna kudziwa kuwonongeka kwa shuga. PGTT ikuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko azakudya wamba. Pamimba yopanda kanthu pambuyo pausiku kusala kudya kwa maola 10 mpaka 14, nkhaniyi imamwa yankho lakukonzekera glucose: - 75 g ya shuga imasungunuka mu kapu yamadzi (kutsimikizira kwa katswiri wa WHO, 1980). Ma sampuli am'magazi amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha maola awiri. Gawo 2 likufotokozera mwachidule njira zoyesera HRTT.

Malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri a WHO (1999), zotsatira za kuyesa kwapakamwa kwa glucosekuyesedwa motere:

1) kulolerana kwabwino kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a capillary 2 patadutsa glucose wa 7.8 mmol / L (140 mg%), koma pansipa 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) akuwonetsa kulolerana kwa shuga.
3) zomwe zili ndi magazi m'magazi a capillary 2 patatha shuga pambuyo> 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) zimawonetsa kuyipidwa kwa matenda ashuga, omwe akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro aposachedwa,
4) gulu latsopano la zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya limazindikirika - kuthamanga kwa glycemia, kuphatikizapo omwe amasala kudya kwa gluillose kuyambira 5.6 mmol / L (100 mg%) mpaka 6.0 mmol / L (110 mg%) ndi glycemia wabwinobwino Maola 2 mutatsitsa ndi shuga (6.1 mmol / L (110 mg%) kapena> 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) - panthawi yophunzirayi nthawi iliyonse masana, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe mudadya kale, kapena> 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) - mu kafukufuku wa glycemia 2 patatha maola 75 okweza shuga. matenda CD akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili zikuluzikulu mu shuga kusala magazi ndiponso zotsatira za m'kamwa shuga kulolerana mayeso. Last bwino, makamaka milandu chikaiko, pamene mlingo wa kudya shuga magazi> 5.5 mmol / l (100 mg%), koma

Type 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, owonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya koyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia chifukwa cha kukana kwa insulini komanso kukayika kwa chinsinsi cha β-cell, komanso lipid metabolism ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.

SD-1 ndi nthenda yokhazikika ya autoimmune yomwe imatsogolera ku chiwonongeko cha kapamba wopanga ma pancreatic β-cell ya islet, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin. Nthawi zina, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a shuga - 1 amakhala ndi zolemba zowonongeka za autoimmune ku β-cell (idiopathicabetes-1).

Zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda a shuga

Titha kusiyanitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a 2, omwe ndi oopsa kwa anthu.

Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga chimayenderana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimakhala chambiri ngati munthu amalemera kwambiri kuposa 30 kg pa m2. Potere, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ngati apulo.
Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa mwina ndizowonjezereka. Kwa abambo, kukula kwamtunduwu sikuyenera kupitirira 102 cm, ndipo kwa akazi - 88 cm. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo, muyenera kusamalira kulemera kwanu komanso kuchepetsa kwake.
Zakudya zopanda pake zimayambitsanso zovuta za metabolic, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudya masamba osachepera 180 g tsiku lililonse.Masamba okhala ndi masamba obiriwira monga sipinachi kapena kabichi ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Mukamamwa zakumwa zoopsa, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha. Izi ndichifukwa choti zakumwa zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti maselo asakhutire ndi insulini. Zotsatira zake, shuga yamwazi ya munthu imakwera. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa madzi nthawi zonse monga momwe mungathere popanda mpweya kapena zotsekemera.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi sichinthu choyamba chokhumudwitsa, koma zizindikiro zotere zimawonedwa nthawi zonse mu shuga. Ndi chiwopsezo choposa 140/90 mm RT. Art. Mtima sutha kupopa magazi, zomwe zimasokoneza magazi.

Potere, kupewa matenda ashuga kumakhala kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a 2 zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda monga ma rubella, chikuku, matenda a chiwindi, komanso chimfine. Matenda oterewa ndi mtundu wamapangidwe omwe amayambitsa kuyambika kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kukhala ndi moyo wosayenera kumathandizanso wodwala kukhala wathanzi. Chifukwa chosagona mokwanira, thupi limatha ndipo thupi lamagetsi lambiri limayamba kupangidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, maselo amakhala insulin, ndipo munthu amayamba kulemera.
Komanso, anthu ogona pang'ono nthawi zonse amakhala ndi njala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma ghrelin a mahomoni, omwe amachititsa chidwi cha chidwi. Popewa zovuta, nthawi yogona usiku iyenera kukhala maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu.
Kuphatikiza zomwe zitha kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 zimaphatikizaponso kugona. Kuti mupewe kukula kwa matendawa, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, shuga amayamba kutuluka kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'matumbo a minofu, pomwe imakhala ngati mphamvu. Komanso, maphunziro akuthupi ndi masewera amathandizira kuti thupi lizikhala lolemera komanso kuti munthu asamalire.
Kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi zokumana nazo pafupipafupi komanso kupsinjika kwamalingaliro kumabweretsa kuti kuchuluka kowonjezereka kwa mahomoni opsinjika kumayamba kupanga. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo amthupi amayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi insulin, ndipo shuga ya wodwalayo imakwera kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, mkhalidwe wopsinjika umakula chifukwa cha kupsinjika, munthu amayamba kudya kwambiri osagona mokwanira. Pakukhumudwa, munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa, kukwiya, kusiya chidwi ndi moyo, zotere zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi 60 peresenti.

M'madera ovutika maganizo, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala osasangalala, samayesetsa kuchita masewera komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuopsa kwa zovuta zotere ndikuti kupsinjika kumayambitsa kusintha kwa mahomoni komwe kumapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhawa pakapita nthawi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita yoga, kusinkhasinkha komanso kudzipatula nthawi yambiri.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amakhudza makamaka azimayi azaka zopitilira 45. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa 40 zimatha kufotokozedwa ngati kuchepa kwa metabolic, kuchepa kwa minofu ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi. Pachifukwa ichi, m'gulu ili la zaka, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya moyenera, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndikuwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala.

Mitundu ndi mafuko ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Makamaka, matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wambiri kukhudza anthu aku America, Asia, kuposa azungu.

Ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kukopa zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nokha kulemera kwanu, kudya moyenera, kugona mokwanira ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga: Kupewa Matenda

Matenda ngati mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga samayamba popanda chifukwa. Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuthandizira zovuta. Ngati mumawadziwa, zimathandiza kuzindikira ndikupewa zotsatira zoyipa za thupi pakanthawi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimatha kukhala zopanda malire komanso zopanda malire. Mtheradi mulinso zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kubadwa kwa makolo. Kupangitsa matendawa, muyenera kukhala munthawi zina. Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Zomwe zimathandizira pakupanga shuga ndizomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, komanso mawonekedwe a matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika, chifuwa chachikulu, kugunda kwa mtima, kugunda kwa matendawa, kusokoneza shuga kungasokoneze zomwe zimachitika wodwalayo. Amayi oyembekezera komanso okalamba nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chokhala pakati pa odwala.

Titha kusiyanitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a 2, omwe ndi oopsa kwa anthu.

Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga chimayenderana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimakhala chambiri ngati munthu amalemera kwambiri kuposa 30 kg pa m2. Potere, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ngati apulo.
Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa mwina ndizowonjezereka. Mwa amuna, kukula kwamtunduwu sikuyenera kupitirira 102 cm, ndipo mwa akazi - 88 cm. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo, muyenera kusamalira kulemera kwanu komanso kuchepetsa kwake.
Zakudya zopanda pake zimayambitsanso zovuta za metabolic, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudya masamba osachepera 180 g tsiku lililonse.Masamba okhala ndi masamba obiriwira monga sipinachi kapena kabichi ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Mukamamwa zakumwa zoopsa, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha. Izi ndichifukwa choti zakumwa zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti maselo asakhutire ndi insulini. Zotsatira zake, shuga yamwazi ya munthu imakwera. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa madzi nthawi zonse monga momwe mungathere popanda mpweya kapena zotsekemera.

Potere, kupewa matenda ashuga kumakhala kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Kukhala ndi moyo wolakwika kumakhudzanso wodwala. Chifukwa chosagona mokwanira, thupi limatha ndipo thupi lamagetsi lambiri limayamba kupangidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, maselo amakhala insulin, ndipo munthu amayamba kulemera.
Komanso, anthu ogona pang'ono nthawi zonse amakhala ndi njala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma ghrelin a mahomoni, omwe amachititsa chidwi cha chidwi. Popewa zovuta, nthawi yogona usiku iyenera kukhala maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu.
Kuphatikiza zomwe zitha kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 zimaphatikizaponso kugona. Kuti mupewe kukula kwa matendawa, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, shuga amayamba kutuluka kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'matumbo a minofu, pomwe imakhala ngati mphamvu. Komanso, maphunziro akuthupi ndi masewera amathandizira kuti thupi lizikhala lolemera komanso kuti munthu asamalire.
Kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi zokumana nazo pafupipafupi komanso kupsinjika kwamalingaliro kumabweretsa kuti kuchuluka kowonjezereka kwa mahomoni opsinjika kumayamba kupanga. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo amthupi amayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi insulin, ndipo shuga ya wodwalayo imakwera kwambiri.

Mitundu ndi mafuko ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Makamaka, matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wambiri kukhudza anthu aku America, Asia, kuposa azungu.

Ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kukopa zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nokha kulemera kwanu, kudya moyenera, kugona mokwanira ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga komanso zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo chake

Mu shuga mellitus, kapamba sangathe kubisa insulini yofunikira kapena kutulutsa insulini yofunikira. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani? Tsoka ilo, palibe yankho lenileni la mafunso awa. Pali ma hypothes osiyanasiyana padera omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana odalirika; zimachitika zingapo zomwe zingachitike. Pali lingaliro kuti matendawa ndiwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri amati shuga imayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za majini. Chinthu chimodzi chokhazikitsidwa mokhazikika: matenda a shuga sangatenge kachilombo ngati atenga kachilombo kapena chifuwa chachikulu.

Ndizotheka kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 (osadalira insulini) ndizakuti kupanga kwa insulin kumatsitsidwa kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kufa kwa maselo a beta motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zingapo (mwachitsanzo, njira ya autoimmune). Ngati matenda ashuga otere nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu osakwana zaka 40, payenera kukhala chifukwa chake.

Mu shuga mellitus wamtundu wachiwiri, womwe umapezeka nthawi zinayi kuposa matenda amtundu woyamba, maselo a beta poyamba amapanga insulini yokhazikika komanso yochulukirapo. Komabe, ntchito yake imachepetsedwa (nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa minofu ya adipose, zolandilira zomwe zimakhala ndi chidwi ndi insulini). M'tsogolomu, kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a insulin kumatha kuchitika. Monga lamulo, anthu okulirapo kuposa 50 amadwala.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti matenda ashuga angayambike.

Mu malo oyamba akuyenera kuwonetsa zamtsogolo (kapena majini). Pafupifupi akatswiri onse amavomereza. kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a shuga - m'modzi mwa makolo anu, m'bale kapena mlongo. Komabe, magawo osiyanasiyana amapereka manambala osiyanasiyana omwe amawona kuthekera kwa matendawa. Pali kuonedwa kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga umabadwa ndi mwayi wokhala ndi 3-7% kuchokera ku mbali ya amayi komanso kuthekera kwa 10% kuchokera kwa abambo. Ngati makolo onse akudwala, ngozi ya matendawa imawonjezeka kangapo mpaka 70%. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amabadwa ndi 80% yotheka kumbali ya amayi ndi abambo, ndipo ngati makolo onse akudwala matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, kuthekera kwa kuwonekera kwake kwa ana kumayandikira 100%.

Malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, palibe kusiyana kwenikweni pakukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi a 2. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati abambo anu kapena amayi anu amadwala ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti inunso kuti mukudwala ndi pafupifupi 30%. Ngati makolo onse anali kudwala, ndiye kuti mwina matenda anuwo ndi pafupifupi 60%. kubalalitsa kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuti zodalirika zonse pankhaniyi zilibe. Koma chachikulu ndichodziwikiratu: cholowa chamabadwa chimakhalapo, ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa m'mikhalidwe yambiri, mwachitsanzo, muukwati ndi kulera. Ngati chibadwidwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti ana amafunika kukonzekera chifukwa nawonso amadwala. Tikuyenera kufotokozeredwa kuti ndi gulu la "chiopsezo", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zina zonse zomwe zikukhudza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga siziyenera kusintha moyo wawo.

Choyambilira chachiwiri chomwe chikuyambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, izi sizingasinthidwe ngati munthu, akudziwa za ngozi yonseyo, amalimbana kwambiri ndi kunenepa ndikupambana ndewu.

Chifukwa chachitatu ndi matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta. Awa ndi matenda a pancreatic - kapamba, khansa ya kapamba, matenda am'minyewa ya endocrine. Zomwe zimapangitsa pamilandu iyi ndi kuvulala.

Chifukwa chachinayi ndimatenda osiyanasiyana amtundu (rubella, chikuku, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo chimfine). Matendawa amatenga gawo lomwe limayambitsa matendawa. Mwachionekere, kwa anthu ambiri, chimfine sichikhala chiyambi cha matenda ashuga. Koma ngati uyu ndi munthu wonenepa kwambiri wokhala ndi chibadwa cholakwika, ndiye kuti chimfine chimamuopseza. Munthu yemwe m'mabanja mwake munalibe odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudwala chimfine ndi matenda ena opatsirana - ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi wocheperako kuposa wa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake kuphatikiza pazinthu zoopsa kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matendawa kangapo.

Mu malo achisanu azitchedwa kupsinjika kwamanjenje ngati chinthu chodziwikiratu. Makamaka ndikofunikira kupewetsa kuchuluka kwa mantha ndi malingaliro kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa champhamvu komanso omwe ali onenepa kwambiri.

M'malo achisanu ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambira zaka. Pamene munthu wamkuluyo ali, ndiye chifukwa choopera kudwala matenda ashuga. Amakhulupirira kuti pakukula kwa zaka khumi zilizonse, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga umawirikiza. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amakhala osungirako osungirako okalamba amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi malipoti ena, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi ukalamba sichimatha kukhala chinthu chomaliza. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati kholo lanu limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwina matendawa ndi 30% azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 55, ndipo atatha zaka 60, 10% yokha.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza (mwachidziwikire, kuyang'ana pa dzina la matendawa) kuti chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga chakudya ndichakuti matenda ashuga amakhudzidwa ndi dzino lokoma, lomwe limayika supuni zisanu za tiyi ndikumwa tiyi ndi maswiti ndi makeke. Pali chowonadi china pamenepa, pokhapokha ngati munthu amene ali ndi zizolowezi zotere amadya kwambiri.

Ndipo chakuti kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga kwatsimikiziridwa kuti ndikulondola.

Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula, ndipo matenda a shuga amayambitsidwa ndi matenda achitukuko, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo, zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri m'zakudya, "zotukuka". Chifukwa chake, kwambiri, matenda ashuga ali ndi zifukwa zingapo, nthawi iliyonse akhoza kukhala amodzi mwa iwo. Nthawi zina, zovuta zina za m'magulu amthupi zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, nthawi zina shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapamba omwe amachitika atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena chifukwa chomwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amatha kuonongeka ndi ma virus m'maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Poyankha, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimapanga ma antibodies omwe amatchedwa anti-antibodies. Ngakhale zifukwa zomwe zimafotokozedweratu sizokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ziwerengero zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa: 20% iliyonse yakulemera kwambiri imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumathandizanso kuti shuga azithamanga. Nthawi yomweyo, zikuwonekeratu kuti si onse omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, ngakhale ali ndi vuto lalikulu, akudwala matenda a shuga.

Zambiri sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Amadziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuti insulin kukana (ndiye kuti, momwe ma cell samayankhira insulin yamagazi) zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zolandilira zomwe zili pafoni. Zinthu zolandirana ndi malo omwe ali pamwamba pa khoma la cell omwe amayankha kuti insulini ikuzungulira m'magazi, motero shuga ndi ma amino acid amatha kulowa mu cell.

Ma insulin receptors amachita ngati mtundu wa "maloko", ndipo insulin ikhoza kufaniziridwa ndi kiyi yomwe imatsegula maloko ndikulola glucose kulowa mu cell. Iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, pazifukwa zina, amakhala ndi insulin receptor kapena samagwira mokwanira.

Komabe, munthu safunikira kuganiza kuti ngati asayansi sangathe kufotokoza zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe apeza pazakuwonjezereka kwa magulu ashuga m'magulu osiyanasiyana aanthu ndizopanda phindu. Osatengera izi, magulu omwe adadziwika amatilola kuti tiziwatsogolera anthu masiku ano, kuti tiwachenjeze osasamala komanso osaganizira ena. Osati okhawo omwe makolo awo akudwala matenda a shuga ayenera kusamalira. Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga amatha kubadwa komanso kutengedwa. Kuphatikizidwa kwazinthu zingapo zowonjezera kumapangitsa mwayi wa matenda ashuga: kwa wodwala onenepa kwambiri, yemwe nthawi zambiri akudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi - fuluwenza, ndi zina, izi ndizofanana ndendende ndi anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa chowonjezera. Chifukwa chake anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kukhala atcheru. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipira mkhalidwe wanu kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amapezeka munthawi imeneyi. Vutoli limasokonekera chifukwa chakuti panthawiyi vuto lanu lingakhale lolakwika chifukwa cha kachilomboka. Kuzindikira koyenera kumatha kuchitika potsatira kusanthula kwa shuga wamagazi.

Zowopsa. Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga?

Takudziwitsa za "zomwe zimayambitsa" zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.

Pali kuonedwa kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga umangobadwa ndi mayi wa 3-7% kuchokera kwa amayi ndipo mwina 10% kuchokera kwa bambo. Ngati makolo onse akudwala, ngozi ya matendawa imawonjezeka kangapo mpaka 70%. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amabadwa ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi 80% pa mayi ndi mbali ya abambo, ndipo ngati makolo onse ali ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi insulin, chiwonetsero chake cha ana chimafikira 100%, koma, monga lamulo, pakukula. Inde, pankhaniyi, madokotala amasiyana peresenti yokha, mwinanso agwirizana: chibadwidwe ndichomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro opanga matenda ashuga, ndizowopsa kwambiri ngati index yam'mimba yoposa 30 kg / m2 ndipo kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe a thupi amatenga mawonekedwe a apulo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuzungulira kwa chiuno. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ndikuzungulira m'chiuno kwa amuna opitilira 102 masentimita, kwa amayi oposa masentimita 88. Zapezeka kuti m'chiuno cha aspen sikuti ndi fash komanso njira yotsimikizika yokuzitetezera ku matenda ashuga. Mwamwayi, izi sizingasinthidwe ngati munthu, akudziwa zoopsa zonse, amenya kunenepa kwambiri (ndipo apambana ndewu).

Pancreatitis, khansa ya kapamba, matenda am'minyewa ya endocrine - zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa pancreatic zimathandizira kukula kwa matenda a shuga. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri kuwonongeka kwa thupi kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pancreatic.

Rubella, chikuku, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena angapo, kuphatikizapo chimfine, amachulukitsa matenda a shuga. Matendawa amatenga gawo la zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, ngati kuti zikuyambitsa matendawa. Mwachionekere, kwa anthu ambiri, chimfine sichikhala chiyambi cha matenda ashuga. Koma ngati uyu ndi munthu wonenepa kwambiri wokhala ndi chibadwa chofooka, ndiye kuti kachilombo kosavuta kamamuopseza. Munthu yemwe m'mabanja mwake munalibe odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudwala chimfine komanso matenda ena opatsirana, ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi wocheperako kuposa wa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake kuphatikiza pazinthu zoopsa kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matendawa kangapo.

Matenda a shuga omwe amatchulidwa mumtunduwu sangachitike ngati chimodzi mwatsatanetsatane sichikuyambitsa: kuvutikira kwamanjenje, moyo wongokhala, kudya zopanda thanzi, kulephera kupuma mpweya wabwino komanso kukhala ndi nthawi yachilengedwe, kusuta. Mavuto onse “am'mizinda” amenewa amangokulitsa ngozi. Onjezerani kuonjezeraku kuchuluka kwa moyo (kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kulembedwa mwa anthu opitilira 65), ndipo timapeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kupewa matenda a shuga ndikuchotsa kwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matendawa. Munthawi yonseyi, kupewa matenda a shuga 1 kulibe. Matenda a 2 a shuga amatha kupewedwa mwa odwala 6 mwa 10 omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuli kwakuti pali zidziwitso zapadera za katemera, mothandizidwa ndi zotheka kuti munthu wathanzi labwino azindikire kuthekera kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga kumayambiriro koyambira, palibe njira zomwe zingalepheretse chitukuko chake. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingachedwetse kukula kwa njirayi. (1)

Njira yoyamba yolepheretsa matenda a shuga 1 ndikuchotsa zoopsa pamatenda amtunduwu, monga:

kupewa matenda oyamba ndi ma virus (rubella, mumps, virus wa herpes simplex, virus virus),
kukhalapo kwa kuyamwitsa kuyambira pakubadwa kwa mwana mpaka zaka 1-1,5,
kuphunzitsa ana malingaliro olondola a zopsinjika,
kusiyanasiyana pakugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi mitundu ingapo ya zowonjezera, zakudya zamzitini - zopatsa thanzi (zachilengedwe).

Monga lamulo, munthu samadziwa kuti ndiwonyamula mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 kapena ayi, chifukwa chake, njira zoyambirira za kupewa ndizofunikira kwa anthu onse. Kwa iwo omwe ali pachibale ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 1, kutsatira izi pamwambapa ndikofunikira.

Tsoka ilo, matenda a shuga a 2 sangathe kuchiritsidwa, koma angathe kupewedwa. Ndipo kupewa matenda ashuga kuyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu.

Kupewera koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kuyenera kuzikidwa pangozi. Ali ndi zaka (> zaka 45) ndi matenda a shuga m'mabanja.Pankhaniyi, anthu azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi kupitilira ayenera kupemphedwa pafupipafupi (kamodzi pa zaka zitatu) kupimidwa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri atatha kudya (mbiri ya glycemic).

Kutsatira lamuloli kukuthandizani kuzindikira kukula kwa matendawa m'masiku oyambilira komanso kuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake polipira matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Nthawi zambiri, popewa matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga, malo oyamba amaperekedwa ku dongosolo lolondola la zakudya, ngakhale izi sizowona. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti madzi azikhala wathanzi mthupi.

Choyamba, kapamba, kuwonjezera pa insulini, amafunika kupanga madzi amchere a bicarbonate kuti achepetse asidi achilengedwe. Ngati kuchepa kwa madzi kumachitika, patsogolo kumaperekedwa pakupanga bicarbonate, motero, kupanga kwa insulin kumachepetsedwa kwakanthawi. Koma kukhalapo kwa shuga wambiri woyeretsedwa bwino mu zakudya ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Kachiwiri, njira ya kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo imangofunika osati insulin, komanso kukhalapo kwa madzi. Maselo, monga thupi lonse, ali 75 peresenti madzi. Gawo lamadzi awa pachakudya chambiri lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bicarbonate, gawo lomwe limayamwa michere. Zotsatira zake, njira yopangira insulini ndikuyang'anitsitsa kwa thupi lake imavutikanso.

Pali lamulo losavuta: kumwa magalasi awiri a masika omwe amakhalabe madzi m'mawa komanso chakudya chisanachitike. Izi ndizofunikira zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zotchuka zotsatirazi sizingaganizidwe ngati zakumwa zomwe zimabwezeretsa madzi:

Njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yodzitetezera ndikuyang'anira kuwongolera kunenepa komanso kuchepetsedwa kwake! Kuti izi zitheke, anthu onse omwe thupi lawo limatsitsa (BMI) lopitilira zizindikiro zovomerezeka ayenera kuganiziranso zomwe amadya, komanso kuwongolera zoyesayesa zawo zambiri zolimbana ndi moyo wosachita masewera olimbitsa thupi wogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira izi zikangomwedwa, ndiye kuti akuchedwa kwambiri kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga kapena ali kale ndi mavuto ena ndi shuga wamagazi, muyenera kuphatikiza muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku:

Mitundu
Tomato
Walnut
Tsabola
Switzerlande
Nyemba
Zipatso za citrus.

Malamulo oyambirira azakudya zolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri:

Gawani nthawi yokwanira pachakudya chilichonse komanso kutafuna chakudya chokwanira.
Osadumpha chakudya. Tsiku muyenera kudya osachepera 3-5 pa tsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, kudya zipatso ndi kapu ya madzi kapena kefir kumaganiziridwa.
Osamva njala.
Kupita ku malo ogulitsira, idyani, ndipo lembani mndandanda wazogula zofunika.
Osatembenuza zakudya kukhala mphotho ndi chilimbikitso, musadye kuti musinthe.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutsatire lamulo - chakudya chotsiriza pasanathe maola 3 musanagone.
Chowonjezera chazogulitsa chikuyenera kukhala chosiyanasiyana, komanso magawo ang'ono. Moyenera, muyenera kudya theka la magawo oyambawo.
Osamadya ngati mulibe njala.

Udindo waukulu polimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndikuchita masewera. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumapangitsa kuti ukhale ndi mapaundi owonjezera. Kulimbana ndi zoletsa pazokha sizowona, ndipo sizothandiza kwenikweni, makamaka zikafika nthawi yomwe kunenepa kwambiri kuli kale ndi malo.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi ndi njira yotsimikizika yopewa matenda aliwonse. Chifukwa chodziwikiratu chokhudza chibwenzichi ndi katundu wokwera kwambiri wa cardio. Koma palinso zifukwa zina.

Maselo amafuta amachepetsa voliyumu mwachilengedwe komanso pamlingo woyenera, ndipo maselo am'misempha amasamalidwa bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, shuga sayenda m'magazi, ngakhale atakhala owonjezera.

Ndikofunikira osachepera mphindi 10-20 pa tsiku kuchita nawo masewera aliwonse. Sichiyenera kukhala chogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi komanso chotopetsa. Kwa ambiri, ndizovuta kupirira theka la ola la katundu, ndipo ena sangapeze theka la ola. Potere, mutha kugawa zolimbitsa thupi zanu m'magawo atatu a mphindi khumi patsiku.

Palibenso chifukwa chogulira aphunzitsi kapena matikiti a nyengo. Mukungoyenera kusintha pang'ono zomwe mumachita tsiku ndi tsiku. Njira zabwino zosungitsira thupi lanu ndi ma toni ndi:

Kuyenda masitepe m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito eleti.
Kuyenda paki ndi abwenzi m'malo mochita usiku.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ana m'malo mwa kompyuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe pagulu mmalo mongopita paulendo wamawa.

Kuchita koteroko ndi njira yabwino yopewera matenda onse, osati matenda ashuga okha. Pewani kucheza ndi anthu osalimbikitsa. Ngati izi sizingalephereke, dzipangeni ndipo khalani odekha. Maphunziro azolimbitsa thupi kapena maphunziro apaulendo ndi kukambirana ndi akatswiri amatha kuthandizira pa izi.

Upangiri weniweni kuchokera kudera lomwelo - palibe ndudu. Amangopanga chinyengo chotsimikizika, koma kwenikweni sizili choncho. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo am'mitsempha ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumavutikabe, ndipo chikonga chimalowa m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake zotsatirapo.

Kupsinjika kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Muziwongolera. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya koyamwa. Nthenda iliyonse yamtima imawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga (pamakhala kunenepa kwambiri kapena achibale ambiri akudwala nthendayi), pofuna kupewa matenda ashuga, ndikofunika kulingalira njira yosinthira kuzakudya zamasamba, muyenera kumangokhala pamenepo nthawi zonse.

Kulandira chithandizo kungabweretse mavuto. Mankhwala amphamvu amatha kukhala ndi mahomoni. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yokhudza ziwalo, ndipo kapamba "wamenyedwa" imodzi yoyambirira. Kudzikundikira kwa ma virus komanso matenda mthupi kumapangitsa kuti zochita za autoimmune.

Smolyansky B.L., Livonia VT. Matenda a shuga ndi shuga. Moscow-St. Petersburg. Kusindikiza Nyumba Neva Publishing House, OLMA-Press, 2003, masamba 157, kufalitsa makope 10,000.
Tsarenko, S.V. Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga / S.V. Tsarenko, E.S. Tsisaruk. - M.: Mankhwala, Shiko, 2008 .-- 226 p.
Tkachuk V. A. Kuyamba kwa maselo endocrinology: monograph. , Nyumba Yofalitsa Nyumba ya MSU - M., 2015. - 256 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwazaka 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.