Type 2 shuga mellitus - Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo (zakudya, malonda ndi mankhwala)

Kuyambira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, shuga imakhala ndi chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha matendawa, momwe kusintha kwa zamankhwala kumakhudza pafupifupi ziwalo zonse. Mu shuga mellitus, kusinthana kwa gawo lofunikira kwambiri lama cell a thupi - shuga (kapena shuga) limavutika.

Munthu amalandila izi kuchokera ku chakudya. Kenako magaziwo amawapereka kwa maselo. Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi ubongo, chiwindi, minofu ya adipose, ndi minofu. Kulowa m'maselo, glucose amafunika insulini - mahomoni.

Kupatula pa lamuloli ndi ma neurons a muubongo. Mwa iwo, shuga amalowa popanda kutenga nawo gawo la mahomoni kudzera munjira zapadera zoyendera.

Malinga ndi ICD-10, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi wa gulu la 4 - matenda a endocrine system ndi matenda a metabolic. Matendawa amakhala ndi nambala ya E11.

Matenda a 2 a shuga - Ndi chiyani?

Maselo apadera a pancreatic (endocrine beta cell) amatulutsa insulin. Mtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu 1, pali kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin, i.e. silipangidwe konse.

Mtundu wachiwiri umadziwika ndi kusowa kwina kwa mahomoni awa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, maselo a beta amatha kutulutsa insulini yokhazikika (ngakhale yowonjezereka), koma ndiye kuti malo ake othandizira amachepa.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya "kupukuta" shuga m'chipinda sichikuchitika kwathunthu. Shuga owonjezera amakhalabe m'magazi. Ndipo popeza thupi silikupereka chilichonse "chowonjezera" mu kagayidwe, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayamba "kupanga" mapuloteni ", monga zipolopolo zamkati zamitsempha yamagazi ndi minyewa yamitsempha, yomwe imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwawo molakwika.

"Shuga" (kapena mwasayansi - glycation) ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zovuta.

Pa mtima wa matenda a shuga a 2 amalephera kumva kwa insulin. Ngakhale ndi kutalika kwake komwe kumawonedwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, hyperglycemia imawonedwa. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika mu ma cell receptors. Nthawi zambiri mkhalidwewu umawonedwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri kapena zoperewera.

Popita nthawi, pamakhala kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kapamba, komwe sikungapangitse mahomoni kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amapitilira instype yowononga insulin, i.e. ndi mapiritsi, ndizosatheka kale kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Milandu imeneyi, kuyika insulin nthawi zonse ngati mankhwala kumafunika.

Zomwe zimachitika

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda okhala ndi zovuta za pathogenesis (kachipangidwe kamene kamapangidwe kamene kamayambitsa matenda). Chomwe chimapangitsa "insulin kuchepa" kwa insulin, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, sichikhala mu mahomoni enieniwo, koma chifukwa chakuvuta kwa insulin. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.

Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa insulin, koma ma cell omwe amapezeka ndi glucose samayankha kapena kuchita mosaganizira komanso mosakwanira.

Kunenepa kwambiri mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga kumayambitsa mavuto pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin sikokwanira "kusewera" maselo onse amafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ma adipocytes (ma cell amafuta) amadzipangira tokha zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

China chomwe chawonjezera shuga mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ndikusowa kwa kupanga kwa insulin mukangodya. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga, komwe kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi.

M'tsogolomu, hyperglycemia imawonedwa ngakhale popanda kugwirizana ndi chakudya. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pantchito yogwira ntchito yama cell a beta. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumatsika kwambiri mpaka atasowa kwathunthu akafuna insulin.

Chithandizo chamakono chikuwonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

• zaka zopitilira 40
• kunenepa
• kudya kwambiri ndi chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta, makamaka zochokera ku nyama,
• matenda ashuga mwa achibale, pomwepo mwayi wodwala ndi 40%. Komabe, matenda a shuga si matenda a jini. Imakhala ndi chibadwa chokha, chomwe chimadziwika pokhapokha pazinthu zina zakunja, mwachitsanzo, zowonjezera zamafuta m'zakudya,
• zolimbitsa thupi, kupindika kwa minofu kumathandizira kutuluka kwa glucose kulowa mu cell ndikusokonekera kwake kosagwirizana ndi insulin,
• mimba Amayi amatha kudwala matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kubereka atha kukhala okha kapena matenda osachiritsika.
• kupsinjika m'maganizo. Vutoli limayendera limodzi ndi kupangika kwa mahomoni opikisana ndi mahomoni (adrenaline, norepinephrine, corticosteroids), omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Pakadali pano pa chitukuko cha mankhwala, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga suwoneka ngati matenda obadwa nawo, koma ngati "matenda amoyo". Ngakhale atakhala ndi makolo athu, mavuto azachuma awa samabwera ngati munthu:

• kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta okoma ndi zina zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta,
• Amayang'anira kulemera kwake, kupewa kunenepa kwambiri,
• amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse,
• sichimaphatikizapo kudya kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Zizindikiro za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi osazindikira. Maonekedwe awo, monga lamulo, sakudziwika, chifukwa munthu samakumana ndi mavuto ambiri azaumoyo.

Komabe, powadziwa, mutha kufunsa dokotala munthawi yake ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi chothandizira kulipira bwino shuga komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Zowonetsa zazikuluzikulu za matenda awa ndi:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo komwe kumapangitsa munthu kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi ngakhale usiku.
2. Kufunitsitsa kumwa madzi ambiri nthawi zonse.
3. Pakamwa pakamwa.
4. Zotsatira za kuyabwa kwa mucous nembanemba (nyini, urethra).
5. Kuchulukitsa kwa chakudya komwe kumayenderana ndi kuphatikizika kwa leptin.

Kutha kwamankhwala ovulala, bala la furunculosis (mafinya pakhungu), matenda am'mimba, kusabala sikuwonekera komanso ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Matendawa amathanso kuonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba pokhapokha ngati atengedwa kupita kuchipatala chifukwa cha vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko. Izi zikuwonetsa kukulitsa zovuta zovuta.

Zizindikiro zakale zimawonekera pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwa glucose pamtunda wa impso (10 mmol / L), i.e. pamlingo uwu, shuga amawonekera mkodzo. Miyezo yambiri ya glucose, koma magazi ochepera 10 mmol / l, monga lamulo, samamveka ndi munthu.

Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwachinsinsi kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi chofala kwambiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti protein glycation imayamba nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa glucose kuposa momwe amapangira. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kumapewe zovuta zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuyika kwa mapuloteni a glycated khoma la mtima.

Shuga isanayambe komanso itatha chakudya

Kuyeza kwa shuga mumagazi, chithunzi

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi musanadye chakudya ndi kofunikira. Zizindikiro izi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa maola 2 mutatha kudya, motero.

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatirazi kumatengera mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zikuwerengedwa komanso nthawi yakudya:

1. Kusala - 5.5 mmol / L kapena kuchepera m'magazi kuchokera chala (magazi athunthu).
2. Pamimba yopanda kanthu - 6.1 mmol / L kapena kuchepera kwa plillma kapena venous plasma (zinthu zimapezeka mu labotale mwa kupopera mtsempha kapena kuperewera kwa chala).
3. Pambuyo pa maola 2 mutatha kudya (muyeso iliyonse) - 7.8 mmol / L kapena kuchepera, osakwezeka.

Type 2 shuga

Chithandizo chamakono cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za pathological process. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala odziimira pawokha a hypoglycemic, komanso kuphatikiza. Kusankha koyenera kwambiri kumatsimikiziridwa payekha ndi endocrinologist.

Chithandizo cha matenda a matenda a shuga 2:

1. Biguanides (yogwira mankhwala metformin, kukonzekera: Siofor, Glucofage). Amachepetsa kukana kwa insulini, kupanga shuga ndi chiwindi, kuonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga ochulukirapo m'mimba, komanso amachepetsa thupi, kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Posachedwa, malo amodzi abwino a mankhwalawa awululidwa - amatha kuchepetsa kuchepa komwe kumawonekera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga asanakwane. Izi zimawonetsedwa osati odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso mwa anthu athanzi.

2. Thiosolidinediones (glitazones - pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) - bwino kuchepetsa insulin, kuchepetsa kupanga shuga ndi chiwindi, kuonjezera mayamwidwe ndi maselo, kusintha lipid mbiri (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides ndi mafuta acids).

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali mgululi amasankhidwa ndi cholesterol yamagazi yokwezeka.

3. Zochokera ku sulfonylureas (glibenclamide (Maninyl), glimepiride (Amaryl), glyclazide (Dibeton), glycidone (Glurenorm) .Tanthauza kuti zomwe zimapangitsa kuphatikizika kwa insulin ndi kapamba.

Ndizabwino kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la Biguanide, omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa insulini.

4. Ma glinid (nateglinide, repaglinide) kapena olamulira prandial - wowonjezera mwachidule komanso mwachangu ochita kukhazikitsidwa ndikubwezeretsa katulutsidwe ka insulin mukangotha ​​kudya, chotsani kuphwanya gawo loyambirira la chinsinsi ichi cha mahomoni.

Gwiritsani ntchito ngati pali mtundu wa hyperglycemia wa postprandial.

5. Zowonjezera (Exenatide: Bayeta). Ili ndi gulu latsopano la odwala matenda ashuga. Zimawonjezera mphamvu ya ma impretins - mahomoni am'mimba omwe amakhudza chinsinsi cha insulin, kupondereza mphamvu yowonjezera shuga ya glucagon (mahomoni amapangidwa m'chiwindi).

Zowonjezera zopindulitsa zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa chakudya kudzera m'matumbo, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose komanso kuchepa thupi.

6. Inhibitor ya DPP-IV (sitagliptin). Zochita za mankhwalawa ndizofanana ndi zapita. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maretretins, omwe amakwera. Izi zimathandiza pa hyperglycemia.

7. Alpha glucosidase zoletsa (woyimilira yekhayo ndi acarbose), omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono m'mimba. Amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose osakhudza kutulutsa insulin.

Kugwiritsa ntchito acarbose ndi cholinga choteteza kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi 37% (idatha ya Stopp NIDDM).

8. Mankhwala osakanikirana Muli piritsi limodzi kapena kapisozi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamagulu osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo metformin glibenclamide (Glibomet, Glukovans), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale osavuta komanso ovomerezeka kwa wodwala.

9. Insulin. Ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kwa mahomoni, omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali, jakisoni wothandizidwa ndi insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito (njira yowononga insulin). Kuchiza ndi timadzi timeneti kumayamba ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala oikidwa ndi insulin ya nthawi yayitali (yapakatikati). M'tsogolomu, kusintha kwathunthu kwa chithandizo chamankhwala cha horoni ndikotheka.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga

Mfundo za zakudya za matenda a shuga a 2, chithunzi

Pokhala matenda a moyo, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amathandizidwa ndi zakudya, makamaka poyambira. Kuchepetsa thupi kumatha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa insulin ndikuchotsa kuchepa kwa insulin chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.

Chofunikira chakudya cha shuga ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa shuga kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kukwera kwambiri kwa glycemia mukangodya. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamafuta onse othamangitsidwa zimasiyidwa m'zakudya (zimakhala ndi kakomedwe kake).

Kukonzanso kwa thupi ndi mphamvu zosungira kuyenera kuchitika chifukwa cha kupangika kwa zovuta zam'mimba, mamolekyulu ataliatali omwe sangatengeredwe m'magazi mwachangu ndikufunika kuti pakhale chimbudzi chambiri.

Ndikofunikira mu chakudya kuti muchepetse kudya zamafuta ndi mafuta aliwonse. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a nyama samayikidwa pambali ndipo zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa mafuta osasankhidwa mu kuchuluka kochepa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga: mungadye chiyani ndipo zomwe simungathe (tebulo)?

Mitundu yonse yamasamba (makamaka masamba amdima) yatsopano komanso yophika

Nyama yamafuta ochepa (nkhuku, ng'ombe, nkhuku, kalulu)

Zamkaka 0-1% mafuta

Njere yonse, mkate wa chinangwa (pang'ono)

Zipatso zonse, zipatso (kupatula nthochi ndi mphesa) pang'ono

Mitundu yonse ya mbewu monga chimanga, zipatso, pasitala (idyani moperewera)

Kuphika: mbale zatsopano, zophika, zotentha komanso zowotcha

Katemera Wamkaka Wapakatikati 1-3%

Mafuta (amakonda osakonzedwa)

Kumakoma (xylitol, sorbitol)

Chilichonse chomwe chimakoma kukoma ndi shuga

Zopikulitsa

Mafuta onenepa (nkhumba, mwanawankhosa)

Zinthu zamkaka zomwe zili ndi mafuta oposa 3.5%

Yokhazikika ndi mafuta pamwamba 5%

Zakumwa zotsekemera ndi shuga

Mphesa, nthochi (mafuta ochepa)

Yofotokozedwa pagome "Traic Light Mfundo", idalowa m'malo ovuta kwambiri kwa moyo wamba, chakudya chodziwika bwino No. 9. Komabe, pochizaent mankhwalawa a mtundu 2 wa shuga, chakudya "tebulo No. 9" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokangalika. Mfundo zachakudya ichi ndizofanana ndi magetsi amsewu.

Chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuyenda kungachepetse shuga m'magazi, kupereka chithandizo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mlingo wa mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Mavuto

Mavuto apambuyo pake chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa mapuloteni. Zowonongeka zowonongeka zamayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ndi microvasculature. Mavuto apambuyo pake ndi:

• matenda ashuga polyneuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa mathero a mitsempha),
• matenda ashuga angiopathy (atherosulinotic mtima matenda),
• diabetesic retinopathy (matenda ammbuyo),
• matenda ashuga nephropathy (mawonekedwe a impso)
• odwala matenda ashuga phazi.

Mavuto owopsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikomokere. Zimakhazikika pakusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa metabolites (glucose, matupi a ketone). Vuto lovuta kwambiri pachimake ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia ndi mtundu wofanana wa chikomokere).

Odwala okalamba, kukula kwa chikomokere kwa hyperosmolar ndikotheka, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ma electrolyte panthawi ya kusowa kwamadzi.

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi osowa mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri - ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amachokera pakusatha kwa minofu kupukusa shuga. Insulin ndi mahomoni, "imafuna" kuti glucose amasowa m'magazi ndikuyiyikidwa mu cell, koma imakhala yopanda mphamvu - zimakhala zake sizimvera. Zotsatira zake zimakhala matenda osachiritsika otchedwa hyperglycemia.

• Hyperglycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 amakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira, koma misewu iwiri imatsogolera. Pa vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, insulin yocheperako imapangidwa m'matumbo, ndipo palibe amene "angayankhe" kuti minofu ichotse shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kawirikawiri kuperewera kwa insulin ndi insulin.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, monga momwe zikuwonekera kale, pali "zowongolera" zambiri - pali insulini yambiri, koma imagogoda pazitseko zotsekedwa. Malinga ndi ICD 10, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umalembedwa ngati E 11, ndipo matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amaikidwa mu E 10.

Zakudya zochizira matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

kulondola! zakudya ndiye njira yofunika kuchira

Zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga kuposa mankhwala.

Zakudya za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga siziyenera kukhala zapamwamba. Pafupifupi 60% ayenera kukhala mu zakudya zamafuta, kotala mu mafuta, ndi ena onse mu mapuloteni.

Nthawi yomweyo, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie ziyenera kutsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimawerengedwa potengera kutalika, kulemera, zaka komanso moyo malinga ndi njira zapadera. Uku ndiko kudya kopanda mphamvu. Pa avareji, zimakhala pafupifupi 1800 kcal patsiku.

Zakudya ziyenera kukhala pafupipafupi, koma zophatikizika - kasanu patsiku. CHIKWANGWANI ndi ulusi (chinangwa, zipatso, masamba) ziyenera kupezekapo. Ndikofunika kuthira mafuta osakanikirana mosavuta ndi zotsekemera zapadera, ndipo theka la mafuta omwe amapezeka azikhala a masamba.

• Anthu ambiri amafunsa: kodi mungadye chiyani komanso zomwe sizingakhale ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Chifukwa cha ichi pali tebulo lapadera lazakudya 9.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kumvetsetsa index ya glycemic ndikofunikira. Ndiye amene amalankhula za zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zili "zabwino" komanso zomwe "zoipa." "Zoyipa" ndizomwe zimagwera mashuga ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia. Inde, choyambirira, ndi glucose yomwe, yomwe imakhala ndi index ya 100, ndiye kuti, mtengo wokwanira. Maguluwa anali motere:

1. Mbatata zosenda, mbatata za jekete, chokoleti, ma jellies, mousses okoma, mbatata yokazinga, ma muffins, popcorn, mavwende okoma ndi mavwende. Izi ziyenera kuletsedwa,
2. Zakudya zomanga thupi monga mpunga oyera ndi mkate wa rye zimakhala ndi kalozera wapakati pa glycemic.
3. M nthochi, mphesa, malalanje, maapulo, yoghurt, ndi nyemba zimakhala ndi index yotsika.

Mwachidziwikire, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic ziyenera kukondedwa.

Za malonda - zomwe ndizotheka komanso zomwe sizingatheke ndi matenda a shuga a 2

Zoletsedwa: Zakudya zamzitini (nyama ndi nsomba), nyama zosuta ndi zinthu zotsiriza (masoseji, masoseji). Mafuta onenepa - nkhumba, tsekwe, abakha. Simungathe kudya ndi shuga 2 mtundu wamafuta, opaka mchere komanso osuta. Zoletsedwa: Zoyola ndi ma pickles, tchizi zamchere. Tsoka ilo, mwina simungakhale ndi mayonesi kapena msuzi wina wotentha.

Zinthu zokomera mkaka (ma curds, tchizi cha curd) ndizoletsedwa. Simungadye semolina ndi pasitala onse. Sizoletsedwa kudya zotsekemera zilizonse. Zipatso zokoma kwambiri (nkhuyu, madeti, zoumba, nthochi, mavwende, mavwende) ndizoletsedwa. Simungamwe mowa wotsekemera.

Zololedwa ndi zofunika: yophika ndi yophika yamafuta am'nyanja ndi nyama: kalulu, nyama yamwana wang'ombe, ng'ombe, nkhuku. Za nsomba, ma cod ndi othandiza. Mitundu yamafuta monga halibut ndi bwino kupewedwa. Zakudya zam'nyanja zonse ndizathanzi: nkhanu, shrimp, mwala, mussels, scallops.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mumatha kudya azungu, monga mwachizolowezi cha protein. Mwololedwa mitundu yamafuta ochepa mkaka ndi mkaka, kefir. Masamba ayenera kukhala otsika glycemic index: dzungu, biringanya, kabichi, tomato, nkhaka.

Zipatso zopanda tanthauzo zimatha kudyedwa zonse, koma mwa mitundu yazipatso, chifukwa msuzi wongofinya kumene ndi "kuwaza" kwa glucose ku thupi. Tiyenera kuwononga ntchito ndikugaya chipatso, osalandira “kufinya”.

Mwa mbewu monga chimanga, barele, balere, ngale zabwino. Tiyi, madzi, mchere wam'madzi, ndi khofi wofooka wokhala ndi mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa ochepa amaloledwa.

Dzira la dzira ndilocheperako, osaposa nthawi 1 pa sabata, mkate sayenera kudya zosaposa 300 magalamu patsiku, koma osati zoyera. Beets ndi mbatata ndizochepa, kaloti - osaposa nthawi imodzi m'masiku awiri.

Mankhwala mankhwalawa matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 ndichosiyanasiyana. Apa ndi Biguanides (metformin), ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa katulutsidwe wa insulin (Maninil, Glibenclamide), ndi ena ambiri.

• Zochitika zimawonetsa kuti kungosamutsa ndalama munkhani yotchuka kwa anthu opanda maphunziro a zamankhwala sikungakhale kopanda ntchito, komanso kungavulaze. Ndipo madotolo amagwiritsa ntchito mabuku apadera ndi amtundu wawo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukambirana za zomwe zikuchitika pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Poyamba, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umathandizidwa ndi zakudya, kusintha kwa moyo. Zikachitika kuti shuga m'magazi sichepe, ndiye kuti acarbose amawonjezeredwa kwa wodwala. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa mayamwidwe am'matumbo m'matumbo.

Mukunenepa kwambiri, ma anorectics, kapena chilakolako chofuna kudya, atha kulembedwa. Ngati cholinga sichikwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti kukonzekera kwa metformin kapena sulfonylurea kumayikidwa. Pankhani yolephera kulandira chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi magulu onse a mankhwala, mankhwala a insulin amasonyezedwa.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matenda a shuga achulukitse njira ya matenda onse: matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, kulephera kwa mtima. Koma kuti musinthe pang'ono momwe wodwalayo alili, nenani, pokhudzana ndi matenda a mtima, muyenera choyamba kulipira matenda a shuga, ndiko kuti, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa glucose kukhala manambala ovomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pokha pamenepa ndi pomwe tingathe kunena zithandizo zovomerezeka zamatenda ena. Kupanda kutero, kukhumudwitsidwa kudzakhala kopanda malire, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga

Kutsitsimuka kwa matendawa kuli m'masulo ake, makamaka m'magawo oyamba a chitukuko. Nthawi zambiri munthu samadziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda - thanzi silipereka kukhalapo kwa matenda, ndipo zolephera zazing'ono zimafotokozedwa ndi kutopa kapena chifukwa china chofala. Chifukwa chake, moyo umapitilira kuyenda monga momwe zimakhalira, tsiku ndi tsiku zimakulirakulira mkhalidwe wamaumoyo.

Ngakhale kuthekera kwa matendawa kusadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, pali mwayibe kuwerengera matenda amtundu wa 2. Zizindikiro zina zimati:

• kuyabwa, kukanda, manjenje,
• kutopa, kufooka,
• Kuchiritsa mabala kwakanthawi.
• chimfine
• chophimba pamaso
• onenepa kwambiri
• potency wovulala, watsitsa libido,
• zotupa pakhungu
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi.

Zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Amatha kuwonetsa chiyambi cha chitukuko cha matenda a shuga kapena matenda ena, chifukwa chithunzi chachipatala chofananachi chimawonedwa m'matenda ambiri. Chifukwa chake, sizimapereka zifukwa zodziwikiratu. Mlanduwo umatembenukira mosiyanasiyana, ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga:

• Udzu wopanda chifukwa. Ngati magazi abwinobwino achulukira, thupi limayesetsa mwamphamvu kuchotsa, motero pamafunika madzi ambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro chovuta kwambiri cha matenda ashuga.
• Kukoka pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza usiku. Ndizotsatira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. Impso zimachotsa shuga, ndikuchotsa ndi mkodzo.
• Chikhumbo chankhanza. Maselo samadyetsedwa chifukwa samapanga michere chifukwa cha kusowa kwambiri kwa insulin. Chifukwa chake, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga wapamwamba sangathetse njala yake. Zinthu zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi chakudya sizikhala zokhutitsa thupi.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda zakudya - loto la azimayi ambiri. Koma musasangalale musanakwane. Ndi matenda ashuga, chakudya sichingakhale chokwanira. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chake kuchepa thupi chifukwa chakudya kwambiri.
• Khalidweli. Ngati pali mbiri ya kholo limodzi la matenda ashuga 2, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa umafika 80%. Potere, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kofunikira.

Njira zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

Mankhwala samadziwa milandu yotaya kwathunthu kwa matenda. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 chimatanthawuza kusunga zinthu zofunika kwambiri mthupi, ngati nkotheka, kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino wodwalayo. Ndiye kuti, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndikuti tilepheretse kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwecho ndikuletsa kupitiliza kwa matendawa.

Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana kwambiri - kuyambira zachikhalidwe mpaka zosowa:

• mankhwala
• chakudya
• maluso a wolemba
• ntchito zolimbitsa thupi
• Katemera
• mankhwala azikhalidwe (onani. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 amtundu wowerengeka),
• yoga
• homeopathy
• ndi ena ambiri.

Maganizo pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, motero, njira zake zamankhwala ndizambiri. Otsatira a njira zosiyanasiyana amatsogolera mikangano yosatha yomwe siyomwe imabweretsa zotsatira zonse. Komabe, mwamtheradi chilichonse chimatsimikizira kufunikira kwa kadyedwe koyenera. Kudya kwa matenda ashuga a 2 ndikofunikira. Zimakhudza mwachindunji mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, ziribe kanthu kuti ndi njira yanji yomwe imasankhidwa ngati chithandizo chachikulu, limodzi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale dongosolo lathanzi.

Type 2 shuga - ndi chiyani

Zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini ndipo ngati chiwonetsero cha matenda amtundu 1, kuchepa kwake kotheratu kumachitika (sikumapangidwa konse). Matenda a mtundu wa 2 akamakula, vuto la kusagwirizana kwa mahomoni limapangidwa. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kuchuluka kapena kukhala kwabwinobwino, kenako ndikuchepetsa. Kuthamanga kwa maselo mpaka shuga kumachepa, mayamwidwe samachitika mokwanira chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kumakhalabe m'madzi a m'magazi.

Glucose owonjezera samatulutsidwa m'thupi ndi mapuloteni (minyewa yamanjenje, kulocha kwamkati ziwiya) crystallize, yomwe imachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwawo. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa glycation; imakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ena a shuga. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mu minofu kukhudzika kwa insulin okhala ndi majini, kunenepa.

Ndiye pali pang'onopang'ono magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Pakadali pano, subtype yokhala ndi insulini imayamba, momwe zingatheke kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose pokhapokha kubaya insulini ndi syringe ngati mankhwala. Pali zinthu zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda:

1. Makhalidwe ongokhala.
2. Mtundu wonenepa kwambiri.
3. Zovuta zambiri.
4. Mitundu yambiri yamafuta oyengedwa muzakudya (zophika, chokoleti, maswiti, ma waffle), zakudya zochepa zam'mera (chimanga, masamba, zipatso).
5. Mitundu.
6. Matenda obadwa nawo (kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 mwa achibale).

Matenda A shuga

Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zoperekera chithandizo kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa zakudya. Chakudya chimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizimagwirizana ndi njala, muyenera kusiya kudya ufa, zotsekemera ndi kudya masamba ambiri, zipatso, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ofunikira. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa pa zakudya, zakudya:

• pamaso pa kunenepa kwambiri, ziyenera kukhala zofanana.
• patsiku liyenera kukhala 6 chakudya,
• kuchepetsa mowa
• chepetsa kukhuta mafuta,
• patsiku, zopatsa mphamvu zonse za kalori siziyenera kupitirira 1800 kcal,
• kuchepetsa mchere,
• Idyani zakudya zochulukirapo zopezeka ndi mavitamini.

Zoyenera kudya

Ngati mukuyenera kuthana ndi shuga m'magazi, muyenera kukumbukira zomwe mungadye ndi shuga. Muyenera kulimbana ndi matendawa moyo wanu wonse, pachifukwa ichi, zakudya za matenda amitundu iwiri zimakhala zakudya zanu zazikulu. Zakudya zonse ndizabwino, zophika, zopaka kapena kudya zatsopano. Uwu ndi mndandanda wazakudya zomwe muyenera kuphatikiza pagome lanu la tsiku ndi tsiku:

• nyama ya nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, ng'ombe (mitundu yonse yamafuta ochepa),
• zipatso, ma supimmons, kiwi ndi zipatso zina (sungangokhala nthochi, mphesa) pang'ono,
• zopangidwa mkaka zomwe zili ndi 0-1%,
• nsomba zamafuta ochepa
• mitundu yonse ya mbewu monga chimanga, msuzi
• tchizi chamafuta ochepa
• chimanga, buledi wonse
• ndiwo zamasamba zilizonse zatsopano, masamba amdima amdontho ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Zomwe simuyenera kudya

Mukamapanga zakudya pamankhwala, muyenera kudalira mndandanda wazomwe simutha kudya ndi shuga. Ngati mndandanda mulibe zomwe mukufuna, ndiye kuti zitha kudyedwa pang'ono. Malinga ndi malamulowo, chakudyacho chizikhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena zinthu zomwe zimakweza chiwindi, impso, kapamba. Pazosankha za matenda a shuga a 2, simungathe kuphatikiza:

• zokazinga, zokometsera, mchere, zonunkhira,
• pasitala wofewa, mpunga, semolina,
• mafuta, msuzi wamphamvu,
• zonona mafuta, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi wowonjezera, tchizi, zotsekemera zabwino,
• magawo okoma ndi zakudya zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zambiri zam'mimba zosavuta kugaya,
• batala, margarine, mayonesi, nyama, mafuta ophika,
• masoseji, soseji, nsomba zosuta, masoseji, nsomba zamitundu mitundu, nkhuku ndi nyama.

Zithandizo za anthu

Munthu akakumana ndi matenda, amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zilizonse zopezekera pochiritsa. Type 2 shuga mellitus - chakudya ndi chithandizo chitha kuchitidwa molumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe apanyumba. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala musanatenge, chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala mikangano ndi zakudya kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala oterewa amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

1. Chinsinsi 1. Kuti mupeze decoction wa aspen bark, muyenera supuni imodzi ya supu zamatabwa. Onjezerani 500 ml yamadzi ndi chithupsa. Lolani kuti mankhwalawa apweteke kwa maola awiri. Tsatirani zakudya zamitundu yachiwiri ya shuga, imwani katatu patsiku musanadye.
2. Chinsinsi 2. Pophika muyenera 1 tbsp. l sinamoni, yomwe muyenera kuthira kapu yamadzi otentha. Muyenera kulowetsa osakaniza kwa theka la ola, kenako ikani supuni ziwiri za uchi. Ikani malonda mufiriji mpaka m'mawa. Imwani theka m'mawa, chachiwiri - musanagone.
3. Pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa zakudya za matenda amishuga a 2, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni, kukonza kagayidwe. St. John wa wort tincture akuthandiza, tengani 3 tbsp. l zitsamba, kutsanulira ½ lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, lolani kuti lipange kwa maola awiri. Tengani theka limodzi la kapu musanadye katatu pa tsiku.

Kupambana Kwa Matenda A shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umalimbikitsa wodwala kuti azisunga zoletsa zina pamoyo wawo wonse. Kuchita molimbika malangizo omwe adalandira kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa boma lathanzi. Ndipo ndicho cholinga chachikulu chamankhwala.

Kupambana kwa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kumadalira zochita za wodwalayo. Zakudya zoyenera ndi chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a shuga 2 zimayikidwa ndi endocrinologist. Dokotala amatenga kuopsa kwa matendawa, kupezeka kwa ma concomitant pathologies, momwe wodwalayo alili ndi zina zina. Zochitika zina zimakula motsatira moyo wa wodwala matenda ashuga. Kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, kulandira mankhwala ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumabweretsa njira yabwino ya matendawa. Zophwanya mobwerezabwereza komanso kulephera kutsatira njira zoyenera zochiritsidwira zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimayambitsa zovuta, zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.