Glaucoma ya matenda ashuga ndi vuto lowopsa lomwe limatsogolera khungu

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa chifukwa choti kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse kusokonezeka, maso ndi osiyana. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala zapadziko lonse lapansi, odwala matenda a shuga amadwala glaucoma kangapo kuposa anthu omwe alibe matendawa.

Zombo zosalimba za retina chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso kusowa kwa zakudya zamafuta okhala ndi oxygen zimachita ntchito zawo zonyansa, ndipo ngati simungayankhe pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti munthuyo adzaonekanso kwamuyaya.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti musataye nthawi? Kodi akuyenera kuthandizidwa bwanji? Ndi njira ziti zoletsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito? Tiyeni tiyese kuyankha mafunso awa munkhaniyi.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Mpaka zovuta zamawonedwe owonekera ziyambike, ambiri sazindikira kukula kwa njira zamatumbo chifukwa cha kupweteka, chifukwa chake amabwera kwa dokotala mochedwa kwambiri.

Matendawa atakula kale, amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mawonekedwe azithunzi zamitundu mitundu kuzungulira zinthu,
• chophimba pamaso
• mikangano yopanda pake,
• kumverera kwa mchenga m'maso
• Photophobia
• mutu
• kupweteka m'makonzedwe apamwamba ndi akachisi.

Matenda a Glaucoma

Kuti muwone molondola zazidziwitso za glaucoma ndi mtundu wake, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso angapo pogwiritsa ntchito zida kapena zida zina. Katswiri wazachipatala nthawi zonse amakhala atalemba mbiri yakale yakuchipatala ndipo kudzera mu kafukufuku, adziwitse zoopsa zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lanu m'tsogolo.

Pakutha kwa dokotala aliyense muofesiyo pali tebulo la Sivtsev, ichi ndi chithunzi chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwika bwino. Koma, monga mukudziwa kale, masomphenya samangokhala m'mizere yoyambirira ya glaucoma.

Chifukwa chake, zidziwitso zomwe zidapezedwa kudzera munjirayi zimalembedwa m'mbiri ya achipatala monga "ulamuliro". Kuti muzindikire matendawa, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa deta pogwiritsa ntchito tonometry, gonioscopy ndi njira zina.

Kuti muchite izi, yeserani kuthandiza:

Zoyipa

Amakulolani kuti mudziwe malire a masomphenya. Mwanjira ina, adokotala amalandira chidziwitso cha kutembenuka mtima kwa munthu. Njirayi imatengera wodwala zomwe akumva zomwe angathe kuwona.

Chifukwa chake, amatchedwanso "kuyesa kwa psychophysical." Magawo otsatirawa ndi mawonekedwe a masomphenya a 1 diso: 60 ° - mmwamba, 60 ° - mwamkamwa, 75 ° - pansi ndi 100 ° - temporor.

Mfundo za mankhwalawa glaucoma

Mosiyana ndi mphaka, njira zochizira zochiritsira zamitsempha, modekha kapena pang'ono, zitha kulepheretsa kupitirira kwa glaucoma.

Adrenoblockers apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala: Timolol kapena Betaxolol.

Pilocarpine, Latanoprost ndi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina.

Izi zili ndi mitundu ya malonda: Okamed, Arutimol, Okumol, Glimol, Oftan-Timolol, Fotil, Timolol-Akos, pafupifupi mitundu 30.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Timolol, odwala amatha kukumana ndi zovuta (kuchuluka kwachulukidwe, kuwotcha pang'ono kapena kuyabwa m'maso).

Nthawi zina zochitika za mwatsatanetsatane zimawonekeranso: kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mtima (barricardia), chizungulire, kupsinjika mu bronchi, kusokoneza njira yopumira, komanso kufooka komanso kufupika kwa mpweya.

Kuchepetsa kupanikizika ndi barricardia kumatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira calcium omwe amatengedwa mkati. Amayamba chifukwa chosakanikirana kwa matenda oopsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse kwaokha mosiyanasiyana kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana molumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa omwe shuga yotsika imatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala a glaucoma mu shuga

Njira iyi ya chithandizo ikhoza kuchitika m'njira zitatu:

1. Chithandizo chapadera chomwe chimathandiza kukonza njira zonse zamagazi m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi maso,
2. Chithandizo cha antihypertensive cholinga chake ndicho kuteteza mtundu wa kukanikirana kwamitsempha,
3. Njira zochizira ndi mankhwala zomwe zimakonza njira zonse za metabolism mthupi la wodwalayo komanso zimakhala zanthaka ndikuletsa kapena kuyimitsa njira zina zotsogola zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu lizioneka bwino, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ndi khungu.

Ngati chithandizo chovuta chikuchitika, chomwe chimaphatikizapo mfundo zonse, ndiye kuti kuchitidwa opaleshoni ndikuchotsa glaucoma sikofunikira.

Mankhwala opaleshoni ya glaucoma mu shuga

Masiku ano, akatswiri a maso amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zothandizira opaleshoni pa glaucoma:

• Sclerectomy yozama yosalowetsa m'mimba imabwezeretsa magazi mkati mwa diso. Uwu ndi njira yapadera, yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe diso singayang'anitsidwe kudzera mu kuboola thupi, ndikokwanira kuti muchepetse tinthu timene timayang'ana m'maso.
• Kulowetsedwa kwa lens. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti glaucoma imayendera limodzi ndi ma cataralog (ndikuyendetsa ma lens) ndipo ndikofunikira kuthana ndi mavuto awiri: chotsani ma catarices ndikuyimitsa glaucoma, komanso kukakamiza kutsitsa kwa intraocular. Nthawi ya opaleshoniyo, njira idapangidwa m'thupi la diso kuti madziwo azitha kutuluka bwino ndipo nthawi yomweyo magalasiwo adawakumba.
• GNSE - sclethingomy yozama yosalowa. Kuchita uku kumakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa madzi mkati mwa maso. Mbali ina ya opaleshoni imeneyi ndi njira yapadera. Silola kuti pakhale dzenje mu khoma la chipinda chamaso chamaso kuti chithandizire kutuluka kwamadzi kuchokera pamenepo. Kuchepetsa kokha kwa gawo lachigawo cha zimagwira zomwe zimakhudzidwa kumachitika, pomwe gawo lokha palokha limakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kupenyerera. Ntchitoyo imathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi kupakidwa kwa ma collagen drainage, zomwe zingasokoneze njira za kusokonekera kwa njira yotuluka.

Opaleshoni ya Laser

Mankhwala a laser amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati glaucoma adapezeka koyambirira. Koma amakwanitsa kuthana ndi glaucoma, yomwe idafika digiri yachitatu.

Opereshoni imachitika popanda kupweteka, pafupifupi siyimaphatikizapo microtraumas ya thupi la maso, ndipo imayikidwa ngakhale pamene wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mbiri ya mtima, impso, ndi chiwindi.

Trabeculoplasty

Amawonetsedwa kwa glaucoma yosasamala yosakhazikika (yoyamba komanso yachiwiri). Ngati pamtambo pali mitambo, izi zitha kusokoneza opareshoni. Zimakupatsani mwayi wokhudzana ndi IOP ndikuchepetsa ndi 20 - 30% kuchokera koyambira mpaka opereshoni.

Komabe, pakapita nthawi, mphamvu ya njirayi imatsika pang'ono. Akabwerezedwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoyipa pang'ono.

Trabeculectomy

Imachitidwa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Ichi ndi ntchito yovuta pambuyo pake chifukwa zovuta zambiri zimatha: kutseguka kotseguka, kuwonekera kwapamwamba, choroid effusion (kuchotsedwa kwa choroid), hemorrhage yolakwika, kayendedwe kolakwika ka kayendetsedwe ka madzi, matenda oopsa, chotupa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, kuchuluka kwa maso, ndi zina zambiri.

Zamadzimadzi kapena tubular shunts

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti muchepetse kukakamizidwa ngati mitundu ina ya mankhwala yaperekedwa. Pita osathandiza. Tiyeneranso kuyambitsa mankhwala ochititsa chidwi, kenako pokhazikitsa chida cham'madzi.

Chopu cholowetsedwa sichikuyenera kukhudza iris, mandala kapena ziphuphu. Chubu nthawi zina imakhazikika mu sclera ndi ma nylon sutures.

Njirayi siyotetezedwa, chifukwa ndizotheka: hypotension, maculopathy, choroid choreid, zotupa za suprachoroid, kutuluka kwamagetsi kosayenera, hyphema, kuchuluka kowonjezera.

Zosalankhula, kulumikizana ndi ma cyclophotocoagulation

Gwiritsani ntchito kukonza kwa laser kapena kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mandala apadera.

Pambuyo pa njirayi, kutupa kumakhalabe, komwe kumachepetsedwa ndi madontho a atropine, komanso glucocorticoids.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono zochizira glaucoma.

Kupweteka pafupipafupi m'maso, komwe kumapweteka kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito analgesics yosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsira ntchito compressation yozizira (ayezi) kuti muchepetse kupweteka kosasangalatsa.

Mavuto a shuga

Ngati zovuta zam'maso zimachitika kwa odwala matenda ashuga, madokotala amadziletsa kuti adziwe kuti ndi njira iti yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito matenda a shuga. Kupatula apo, muyenera choyamba kukhazikitsa matenda.

Betaxolol (madontho a Betoptiki) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira pakhungu. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, kupsinjika mkati mwa maso kumachepetsa ola limodzi mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Zomwe zimachitika pafupifupi tsiku limodzi.

Mankhwalawa betaxolol, kukula kwa zoyipa zimachitika:

1. kuchuluka kwachulukidwe,
2. kusapeza bwino
3. zomwe zimachitika mderalo,
4. chitukuko cha kukhumudwa neurosis,
5. mawonekedwe a kusowa tulo.

Ndizotheka kuchepetsa kupsinjika mkati mwa maso mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi latanoprost - "Xalatan". Zimathandizira kutuluka kwa chinyezi. Amayikidwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa magazi.

Koma potengera momwe agwiritsidwira ntchito, zizindikiro zoterezi zimachitika:

• pigment of the iris kusintha
• Khungu la m'maso limada
• edema yamankhwala ikukula,
• kuwoneka kwamaso
• conjunctival hyperemia imayamba.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi Timolol (Oftan, Timolol, Arutimol) ndi otchuka. Amatsitsa kwambiri kukakamira kwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka. Izi dontho la matenda ashuga kuyamba kuchita mkati 20 mphindi pambuyo ntchito.

Koma kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 2. Koma mankhwalawa amayambitsa zovuta zambiri, chifukwa chake ndizoletsedwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanda mankhwala.

Poyerekeza ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala

1. conjunctivitis
2. mphuno
3. kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
4. kutupa kwa ziwalo za epithelial za cornea,
5. Hyperemia ya conjunctiva ndi khungu la eyel.

Madontho a Ganfort adapangidwa kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa intraocular. Amaphatikizapo timolol ndi bimatoprost. Koma, monga mankhwala ena ochizira glaucoma, ali ndi mavuto:

• conjunctival hyperemia,
• mutu
• rhinitis
• keratitis wapamwamba,
• kutupa kwa eyel
• mucosa wouma
• hirsutism.

Ngati pali zisonyezo, Pilocarpine Prolong ikhoza kutumizidwa. Ichi ndi chida chothandizira kuchepetsa kupanikizika mkati mwa maso, chimalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa cha thrombosis ya retina ndi chotengera chapakati, kusintha kwa atrophic mu mitsempha ya optic.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati zovuta zomwe zikuwoneka ngati:

1. Kutulutsa kwamphuno kuchokera pamphuno,
2. kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
3. redjunctival redness,
4. mutu wosakhalitsa
5. kutsika kwa mtima.

Ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto amaso ndi shuga omwe akupita patsogolo ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndi dokotala. Dokotala wamaso akuyenera kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

Ngati mavuto amachitika, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Diso limatsika kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Tipitiliza kusanthula mitundu ndi madontho amiyeso osiyanasiyana amaso omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Pamaso pa malo ogulitsa mankhwala pamakhala chiwerengero chokwanira cha mankhwala omwe amasiyana makamaka pamtengo.

Kuganizira za zonse kulibe tanthauzo lenileni, chifukwa chake tiunikira otchuka kwambiri ndi fanizo lawo:

• Quinax imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi ng'ala.Zimawonjezera kuwonekera kwa mandala ndi njira yotsatsira mapuloteni osakanikirana. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa ma enzymes a proteinolytic omwe amapezeka m'chipinda chamkati chamaso. Imakhazikitsidwa katatu pa tsiku mumadontho awiri. Mankhwala ofanana ndi Vita-Yorudol, Taufon, Vitafakol,
• Chithandizo cha masomphenya ndichabwino kwa mankhwalawa Visomitin. Imayesa nthenda zamatumbo ambiri, kuphatikizapo zamatsamba ndi glaucoma. Pokhala chida chatsopano, chimachotsa msanga kutupa, redness limasinthasintha kapangidwe ka filimu ya misozi. Simalimbana ndi zokhazo zokha, komanso zimathetsa mavuto omwe amayambitsa matenda amaso. Lemberani 1-2 akutsikira, osapitirira katatu patsiku. Artelak, Deflisez, Hilo-Chest yekha ndi amene angafanane ndi zomwe amachita,
• Emoxipin amalimbitsa kwambiri ziwiya za m'maso, amachepetsa kupezeka kwawo. Machitidwe ake ndi oteteza retina, amatulutsa magazi m'misempha. Imathandizira mankhwala a cataract. Madontho 1-2 amakhazikitsidwa m'diso lililonse katatu patsiku. Izi dontho la matenda a shuga ndizofala kwambiri.
• Katachrome ndicholinga chofuna kuthana ndi zotupa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda amkati. Zimalimbikitsa kutseguka kwa kagayidwe kazinthu m'maselo a mandala, zimapangitsa kuti minofu ibadwenso. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikofanana ndi chida cham'mbuyomu,
• Timolol ilinso ndi dzina loti Arutimol. Mankhwala amachepetsa kupsinjika mkati mwa diso pochepetsa mapangidwe amadzi a ocular. Mawaya amaso ndi abwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi glaucoma.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuthandizika kwa zinthu zamaso amaso pamagalasi amaso ndikotheka, komwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa m'maso. Izi zimangogwira magalasi ofewa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito magalasi olimba, achotseni pamene mukuika maliro. Kukhazikika m'mphindi 20 zokha.

Ngati muli ndi matenda amodzi a matenda a shuga a 2, yesetsani kuti musachite mantha. Tsatirani kutsimikiza komwe kwa ophthalmologist ndi dokotala wanu.

Kuthandizira moyenera ndi maso a munthu amene ali ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga kumatheka kokha ndi njira yolumikizirana. Mkhalidwe wowonjezera waumoyo wanu umatengera izi. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamawonedwe kumachitika muzochitika zapamwamba, zomwe zimatsogolera pakudzipatsa nokha mankhwala ndi kusasamala.

Malangizo a matenda ashuga kwa madontho amaso

Ngati matenda amaso omwe akuwoneka kumbuyo kwa matenda a shuga ayambitsidwa, ndiye chithandizo chamankhwala chokhacho chithandiza. Kugwiritsa ntchito madontho amaso pankhaniyi sikungathandize.

Pokhapokha pakuwongolera glycemia poyambira gawo, kusintha kwakukulu kungapewe.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo awa:

1. Kukhalapo. Ndiyenera kukhala ndi zizolowezi zatsopano. Madontho akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, osapeza mipata ndipo nthawi yonseyi: kwenikweni, osapitilira sabata ziwiri, koma odwala ena ayenera kuwaika m'manda nthawi yayitali.
2. Kugwirizana ndi boma. Chilichonse chofunikira apa. Ngati mumangothira madontho, koma simukudya bwino ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga kawiri patsiku, komanso njira zina zodzitetezera, ngakhale mankhwala okwera mtengo sangakuthandizeni. Pokhapokha kutsatira malangizo onse a endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist, mutha kuwachotsa, kuchedwetsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa kusintha kwa maso kwachiwiri.
3. Kukacheza pafupipafupi kwa adotolo. Zipangizo zamakono zodziwitsa anthu zimakupatsani mwayi wosintha pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zamankhwala zisinthire mwachangu kapena kupereka yatsopano. Osaphonya kuchezera kwa endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist.

Pomaliza, tazindikira kuti pankhani yodwala matenda a shuga, ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito monotherapy yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za matenda amodzi, koma kuphatikiza chithandizo, kotero kugwa kwamaso sikokwanira.

Zithandizo za anthu

Udzu wa Purslane ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobwezeretsanso masomphenyawo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake oyera powonjezera ku saladi kapena kupanga ma tinctures ndi decoctions. Mafuta a azitona amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kuti ayikemo ndi maso.

Chapakatikati, lilac ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha masomphenya mu shuga ya mtundu uliwonse. Atakongoletsa maluwa ake, swabthoni ya thonje imayikidwa m'maso kwa mphindi 5.

Pakulowetsa m'maso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuni zamatabwa. Izi kulowetsaku kuletsa kusefukira kwa mandala. Ngati kuli kotheka kupeza ma rose a rose ofiira, ndiye kuti muthandizire masomphenya, mutha kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati tiyi. Mutha kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zochizira matenda amtundu uliwonse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tincture wa mbatata. Tincture amatengedwa pa vodka, komwe amakhala masiku 7, 25 ml, omwe amafanana ndi supuni itatha kudya. Nthawi yovomerezeka ndi avareji ya mwezi umodzi.

Maluwa a Rosehip amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse komanso kungokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. The kulowetsedwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchapa. Ntchito inanso ndi mafuta opaka m'maso kwa mphindi 20 asanagone.

Mint sikukoma kokha, komanso therere labwino la masomphenya. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera msuziwo ndikuphika m'maso. Mutha kupanga mafuta a peppermint. Chithandizo cha masomphenya a shuga amtundu uliwonse zimatengera kulandiridwa kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba ndi mbewu.

Izi zikuphatikiza tincture wa ginseng, kuphika mpesa waku China wa magnolia ndi mseru. Onsewa amasintha maonekedwe. Ginseng amatithandizanso kuona kuti kuwala kumayambira. Kupititsa patsogolo maonedwe, zotchingira khungu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mutha kutenga masamba azitsamba ngati maziko. Chovala chakhungu ichi chimasungidwa m'maso ndi mphindi 15 m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kuchokera m'mabuku akale, njira yopangira khofi wa mwanawankhosa idapezeka, yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti imwe kwa miyezi itatu. M'mawa amalangizidwa kuti azidya. Ng'ombe zimathandizanso kupenya, koma osagwira ntchito.

Monga kupewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa decoction of red clover. Ubwino wake ndikuti mutha kumwa popanda choletsa. Ndi matenda amtundu wa matenda amtundu uliwonse, kuwonongeka kowonekera chifukwa cha zovuta zovuta ndikotheka. Mwanjira iyi, dzira lowiritsa lingathandize.

Mapuloteni opanda yolk amayenera kuyikiridwa m'maso, komabe, musakhudze diso palokha. Ginger ndi barberry samangowongolera mawonekedwe, komanso ali ndi mphamvu ya tonic, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga. Ginger amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawa, ndi barberry katatu patsiku.

Mphamvu zopindulitsa za buliberries zimadziwika kwa aliyense, chifukwa musayiwale za izi. Chachikulu ndichakuti muzidya popanda mawonekedwe ake osanenanso shuga, omwe samadyedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse. Chithandizo chotere sichothandiza, komanso chosangalatsa.

Masamba a Bay, omwe amapezeka m'mabanja onse, amatithandizanso kuwona. Kukutira masamba anayi pakapu imodzi ya madzi otentha, msuzi umagawidwa pawiri. Kuchiza kwamaso ndi wowerengeka azitsamba ndikothandiza kwambiri, koma kumakhala ndi malire chifukwa cha tsankho la zinthu zina.

Choyipa chake cha mankhwala achilengedwe ndikuti sichitha kupereka zotsatira zabwino, komanso magawo apamwamba, pamene zizindikiro zonse zimawonekera, zimatha kuyimitsa kupitiriranso kwa matendawa.

Masewera a Glaucoma

Ndi glaucoma, ndikofunikira kuti musangomwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe, komanso kutsatira malangizo oyambira okonzanso. Chifukwa chake, magawo angapo olimbitsa thupi amakhala othandiza kuti musunge masomphenya.

Gulu loyamba la masewera olimbitsa thupi limapangidwa kuti lizitha kuwona.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi 1. Ndikofunikira kusuntha kozungulira ndi ana, monga kuwunika dziko lozungulira. Muyenera kutenga kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi imodzi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nambala 2.Ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono kusuntha ndikusintha nthawi yomweyo, kukonzekera kubwerera m'mbuyo. Muyenera kusinthanitsa ndi diso limodzi kapena limzake kwa mphindi ziwiri.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi 3. Njirayi imakhala ndikuyang'ana masomphenyawo pamutu umodzi kwa masekondi khumi ndi anayi, kenako kuphatikizidwa kwakumaso kwa masekondi kwa masekondi angapo. Masewera olimbitsa thupi amabwerezedwanso katatu.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi 4. Mukufunika kulumikiza masomphenya. Pa izi, mikono imakulitsidwa patsogolo panu ndipo muyenera kusunthira kuti musunthe zala zanu. Maso amafunikira kutsatira zala zanu popanda kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zina kwa masekondi 40 kapena mphindi imodzi.

Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, timalimbikitsidwa kupuma moyenerera kuti musinthe, ndipo mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pumani pang'ono. Gawo lachiwiri la masewera olimbitsa thupi limakhala lopuma.

Luso lililonse limachitidwa maulendo 10, kupatula kupuma kwapakati 30. Kuti muzilimbitsa, muyenera kutisisita mbali yakumaso, kuphatikiza nsagwada, kupanga majwi ndi kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana.

Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kupanga mutu wozungulira, woyamba kumanzere kenako kumanzere. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kusuntha mapewa anu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachotsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Yang'anirani kumapeto kwa mphuno, osanunkha kanthu, tsekani maso anu ndikupumula kwa masekondi 10-15, kenako tsegulani maso anu. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kutali momwe mungathere, kuyesa kuwona pakati pa mphumi.

Pamalo awa, maso amakhala okhazikika kwa masekondi 10-15, pambuyo pake amatseka ndikugwa. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndi maso onse awiri koyamba kumanzere phewa lakumanzere, ndikupumula kwa masekondi angapo kumapewa. Mutu uzikhala wowongoka.

Pazochita zotsatirazi, muyenera kutenga pensulo, kuyimika m'manja ndi dzanja lotambasuka. Kenako, muyenera kuyang'ana pensulo yotalikirapo ndikuyibweretsa pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa mphuno osayang'ana kutali momwe mungathere. Bwerezaninso phwandoyo.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji chitukuko?

Popewa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a matenda a shuga, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta koma othandiza:

• Pitilizani kukhala ndi shuga wabwino.
• Pewani mavuto.
• Pewani zochitika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala mwamphamvu (osamba mowa kapena suna, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi).

Koma njira yayikulu yodzitetezera ndikuyendera pafupipafupi kwa ophthalmologist ndi endocrinologist.

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumalola kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndikuthandizira kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe.

Kodi glaucoma wamaso ndi chiyani

Ichi ndi matenda amaso, omwe amachititsa kuti aziona ngati kuchuluka kwa maso. Ndi glaucoma, mitsempha yonse ya maso ndi ziwiya zamaso zimakhudzidwa. Zotsatira zake, kusintha kwa pathological kumachitika pa optic nerve disc ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe owoneka.

Popita nthawi, ma retina amapindika pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe kumachepa.

Mu shuga wosawerengeka, shuga amawonongeka kwambiri m'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti makoma amitsempha yamagazi azikhala ovomerezeka, komanso kuchuluka kwa lipids m'magazi kumangowonjezera ndondomekoyi, chifukwa makoma awo ndi ochepa chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma atherosselotic.

Hyperglycemia yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali, imakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga khungu ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu lonse.

Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wopatsika kwambiri matendawa kuposa anthu opanda matenda a shuga.

Mwazi umakhala wovuta kwambiri kuti udutse mu chotengera chopunduka chotere chomwe chimakhudza kuthamanga kwa intraocular (IOP).

Kuchulukitsa kwamaso kumawonjezera katundu pazinthu zonse za maso. Kuchokera pamavuto oterewa, zombozo zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. M'malo momwe zingathekere, amakula kwambiri, ndipo pomwe chotengera chake chimadutsa atherosclerosis, chimangokhala chochepa, monga momwe chataya, sichitha mphamvu. Makoma ake sangathe kupirira kupsinjika ndi kuphulika.Zotsatira zake, kukha mwazi kumachitika, ndipo chotengera chiwonongekocho chidzachira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nkupanga watsopano m'malo mwake.

Chilichonse chingakhale bwino, koma chotengera chatsopanochi sichabwino. Imalandidwa zofunikira zingapo zoyambira chombo chakale. Samatha kupereka zofunikira zonse zamaso, zomwe zimadalira iye. Zotsatira zake, njira yopanga zombo zazatsopano zambirimbiri zizipitirirabe, chifukwa zotsatira zoyenera sizinachitike komanso kusowa kwa chotayika chotayika, komwe ndi chilonda chovuta, sichinalipiridwe. Ndiye chifukwa chake, njira yopanga zombo zatsopano siyima payokha!

Zidzabweretsa chiyani?

Matani osowa michere chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chotengera choyenda amayamba kufa ndi njala, ndipo izi zimangathandizitsa kukula kwa mtima. Koma makamaka zombo zopanda ntchito - zimakhala ndi malo ambiri. Amayamba kuthamangitsa minofu yamaso yapafupi.

Gawo la neoplasm pang'onopang'ono limakula ndikukula ndikukula kwamaso. Njirayi imalepheretsa kutuluka kwachilengedwe kwa madzi amkati (chinyezi), omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a epithelial ndipo amakhudza kwambiri IOP.

Ngati kutuluka kwamadzi kumatsekeka, ndiye kuti izi zimakhudza kusintha kwa mbali ya chipinda chamaso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamaone bwino komanso yachiwiri ya glaucoma - - yamitsempha.

Neovascular glaucoma ndi owopsa chifukwa ngati simuyamba chithandizo chake chokwanira komanso chanthawi, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono munthuyu adzakhala wakhungu kwathunthu!

Vuto lonse ndikuti zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za glaucoma zimawonekera pokhapokha matendawa atapita patsogolo, pomwe zithunzi zaumoyo zimayamba kutsika mofulumira. Pamagawo oyamba okukula, munthu samakumana ndi zosasangalatsa zilizonse, chifukwa chake, palibe amene angaganize zopita kwa dokotala. Pakadali pano, dokotala wamaso amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maso ndi kuwunika kwamunthu, kuti awone mawonekedwe owopsa ndikuyamba kuwongolera matenda a glaucoma munthawi yake.

Zowopsa

• cholowa cholakwika (m'mbiri ya mabanja pamakhala zochitika zotayika chifukwa cha glaucoma kapena mtundu wa glaucoma wopezeka mwa mayeso amtundu)
• kuthamanga kwa maso (> 21 mm Hg - 5%,> 24 - 10%,> 27 - 50%,> 39 - 90%)
• zaka (zochepera zaka 40 - sizachilendo pakati pa anthu athanzi, kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 - 1%, kuyambira 60 mpaka 80 - 2%, wamkulu kuposa 80 - 4%)
• migraine
• hypotension
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• myopia
• kunenepa
• matenda ashuga
• kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
• atherosulinosis

Glaucoma chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Popeza Zizindikiro za matendawa zilibe magawo oyambilira, ndizotheka kuzindikira kusintha kwa matenda mu nthawi pokhapokha kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist.

Chifukwa cha njira zingapo zodziwira, dokotala amatha kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zimachitika m'magawo osiyanasiyana amaso ndikuzindikira kukakamiza kwa intraocular.

Kutalika kwa kupanikizika kwa maso ndi magawo 10 mpaka 23 mm Hg. Art.

Kuchulukanso kwa gawo lino kumawopseza zotsatira zoyipa: Kulephera kwa magazi, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a retina.

Mankhwala

Glaucoma poyamba anali ngati matenda opangira opaleshoni ndipo sanamvere kwambiri chithandizo chake chamankhwala. Koma popita nthawi, lingaliro la matendawa linasintha ndipo njira yocheperako yothetsera vutoli idapezeka. Zinapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa angapo omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa maso kuli ngati kuchita bwino ngati kuchitidwa opareshoni.

Ngati matendawa adapezeka pa nthawi yake ndipo matendawa sanayambike, ndiye kuti mutha kudutsa ndi adrenergic blockers, mwachitsanzo, ndi mankhwala monga: Latanoprost, Timopol, Betaxolol ndi ena mwa mankhwalawa.

Komabe, izi sizipereka mwayi kwa odwala kupereka mankhwala aliwonse popanda kupangana ndi katswiri, chifukwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga amachititsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimangokulitsa chithandizo cha matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga okha.

Popanda kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, sizingathandize kuchiritsa glaucoma!

Ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga kagayidwe kamunthu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi!

Odwala amakhalanso akutsikira kwamaso pakadutsa masabata anayi mpaka 6, kenako ndikuwunika thanzi lawo. Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kuyika m'maso, osakhudza enawo. Mwa kuyang'ana momwe mankhwalawo sanagwere, munthu akhoza kuwunika kuyenera kwa madontho omwe adayikidwa.

Madontho oterewa amatha kulepheretsa kubisala kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.

Mndandanda wa madontho ndi mankhwala ochizira glaucoma

Kupewa

Kupewa glaucoma ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kutsatira zakudya zapadera kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndikupewa kudumpha kwakukulu.

Matenda a shuga okhazikika okha amatha kuchepetsa zovuta zingapo zomwe zimakulitsa moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Koma ndikofunikanso kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzicheza ndi ophthalmologist kuti muwone fundus, mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, iris.

Nthawi zambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala mungapeze zolemba zawo:

Poyamba, glaucoma siowopsa, chifukwa imatha kuthandizidwa mosavuta.

Kusamalira wodwala matenda ashuga, osati kuwongolera kokha glycemic kumawonjezeranso, komanso kupita kwakanthawi kwa dokotala yemwe angazindikire kusintha kwakanthawi komanso kusintha njira yayikulu yolandirira chithandizo kuti asakulitse chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.

Musaiwale kuti chiwalo chilichonse chomwe chatopa chifukwa cha matendawa chimafuna kuchira kwathunthu. Mavitamini a shuga ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana azitsamba, zopatsa thanzi monga Dialek zidzakuthandizani ndi izi.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.

Makhalidwe a matenda

Ndi retinopathy wodwala matenda ashuga, maukonde a ziwiya zatsopano amakula m'maso amaso. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa "iris rubeosis." Chifukwa cha izi, njira yayikulu yotuluka kuchokera kumaso imatsekeka.

Madokotala amatcha mtunduwu wa glaucoma sekondale, chifukwa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sitima zatsopano.

Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga, omwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa khungu lathunthu.

• Kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha ya optic.
• Kupanikizika kwapakati pa intraocular.
• Ululu m'maso.
• Kukha magazi.
• Kumveka kowoneka bwino.

Ngati, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala am'deralo, kupanikizika mkati mwa diso sikubwerera kwachizolowezi, pakufunika opaleshoni. Ntchito yoperekera opaleshoni ndikusintha kukakamiza kwa intraocular popanga njira ina yopangira chinyontho.

Kuyang'anira kuyeserera kwa intraocular kungalepheretse kudwala kwa matenda komanso mawonekedwe a glaucoma.

Choyamba, adrenergic blockers ndi omwe amapatsidwa. Awa ndi timolol, betaxolol, pilocarpine, latanoprost ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri, madontho a 025% kapena 0,5% a timolol amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika wamankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana ogulitsa. Izi ndi zakol, glimol, arutimol ndi ena.

Kugwiritsa ntchito timolol kungapangitse kuti pakhale kusintha kwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga lacrimation, kumverera koyaka ndi kuyabwa m'maso. Zotsatira zoyipa zazikulu ndizotheka:

• Kutsitsa zimachitika ochepa.
• Kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kufooka ndi chizungulire.
• Kupuma pang'ono.
• Kulephera chifukwa cha kupuma chifukwa cha kuphipha kwa bronchial spasm.

Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsutsana ndi kashiamu pothandizira matenda oopsa.

Mankhwala

Chithandizo cha mankhwala a glaucoma mu matenda ashuga imakhudza mbali zitatu:

• Chithandizo chapadera - imathandizira kusintha kwa magazi kumitsekedwe ya mkati ya ocular ndi ujasiri wa optic.
• Chithandizo cha antihypertensiveCholinga chake ndikutanthauza kusintha kukakamiza mkati mwa diso.
• Matenda a metabolism m'maso amaso. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya masomphenya imabwezeretseka pang'onopang'ono.

Nthawi zina, glaucoma mu matenda a shuga amakhala limodzi ndi matenda ena - matenda a pakhungu. Uku ndi kuthambalala kwa mandala amaso, omwe tafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane apa. Ndi matenda awa, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikuwonetsedwa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa cataract, anti-glaucomatous kulowererapo, kukhazikika kwa mandala a intraocular.

Njira yotetezeka kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha laser.

Kuchita bwino pochiza matenda a glaucoma m'matenda a shuga kumatengera makamaka pamene matendawa apezeka ndipo mankhwalawa ayamba. Pachifukwachi, ndikofunikira kuti munthu aliyense azikapita kuchipatala chaka chilichonse patatha zaka 40.

Kufufuza pafupipafupi kwaubwino ndiye njira yofunika yosungira mtsogolo.

Mukabwezeretsa zowoneka ntchito mu odwala matenda ashuga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala othandizira opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

GNSE - sclerectomy yosagwira

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mulingo wa intraocular fluid umasinthika mkati mwa diso. Kuchitapo kanthu kumatengera luso lapadera. Ndi chithandizo chake, palibe chifukwa chodutsa kuchokera potuluka chinyezi kuchokera kumkono wa chipinda chamkati chamaso.

Pakupanga opaleshoni, dokotala wa opaleshoni amatha gawo limodzi la nembanemba yomwe yakhudzidwa, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukana kwachilengedwe chinyezi. Panthawi imeneyi, ma collagen drains amatha kuikidwira, ntchito yawo ndikupewa kusintha kwa njira yotulutsa madzi.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, glaucoma mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi chitukuko cha matenda amkati. Mwanjira imeneyi, dokotala wochita opaleshoniyo nthawi yomweyo amachotsa matenda amkati ndikuchita opaleshoni yothandizira glaucoma.

Ntchito ya dotolo pamenepa ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga mkati mwa diso. Kuti izi zitheke, njira ina imapangidwira momwe chinyezi cha intraocular chimayendera. Ndala yapadera ya intraoculatory imayikidwanso.

Chithandizo cha laser cha glaucoma mwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri, makamaka poyambira matendawa. Nthawi zina, laser imathandizira ndi gawo lachitatu.

Kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumatanthauza adokotala atapima mayeso. Opaleshoni ya laser siyowopsa komanso yopweteka.

Amalembera odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda ena achilendo, mwachitsanzo, a mtima dongosolo, musculoskeletal system ndi ena.

Opaleshoni yamtunduwu ndiye otetezeka kwambiri ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera ntchito.

Momwe mungazindikirire

Kukhazikika kwa glaucoma pamaziko a shuga kumatchedwa matenda achiwiri, monga zovuta zina zilizonse. Muyenera kuyamba kuchiza matenda ashuga osadikirira zotsatira zake. Wodwala akakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala mwachangu:

• Ululu mu chiwalo cha masomphenyawo siwokhazikika, koma nthawi ndi nthawi.
• Zozungulira mozungulira pamaso pa maso zomwe zimachitika mukayang'ana maso anu pazowala zowala. Wodwala, amadzaza mitundu yonse ya utawaleza.
• Zowawa ndizowopsa mkachisi kapena occiput.
• Chizungulire

Kuzindikira matenda kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kupatula apo, ndi kutaya nthawi, mutha kuiwaliratu. Vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga ndi glaucoma wodwala, amene amayamba kukula.

Ndemanga ndi ndemanga

Mutha kubwezeretsa kuwona ndi kuchiritsa glaucoma popanda mankhwala kapena chithandizo china. Tsoka ilo, mankhwala amakono nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi zovuta za matendawa, koma kwenikweni, muyenera kuyang'ana chomwe chimayambitsa. Ochiritsa amatha kuchiritsa kwathunthu, kuchiritsa diso kuchokera ku glaucoma popanda zotsatira ndi ntchito. Ndi njira iyi ya mankhwalawa, mphamvu yake imachitika pa mphamvu zonse pazinthu zowonongeka paokha komanso pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Moni okondedwa! Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti matenda akulu kwambiri ndi ovuta kapena amasemphana ndi kumbuyo kwa linalo. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za matenda monga glaucoma a mtundu 2 wa shuga, momwe matendawa amafananirana komanso momwe tingafikire molondola pankhani ya zamankhwala.

Mkulu shuga ndi maso

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amathandizidwa ndi akatswiri monga endocrinologists. Chinsinsi chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kuwonjezeka kosaletseka kwa glucose wa plasma.

Matendawa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, yomwe imasiyana pakati pawo mwa kupanga mapangidwe a hyperglucoseemia. Amakhulupirira pamsonkhano kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi wa ana, ndipo wachiwiri kwa akuluakulu, popeza, monga lamulo, sizimachitika konse mwa ana.

Lero tikulunjika pa mtundu wachiwiri. Kuwonongeka kwazinthu zam'mimba kumayambira poti maselo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga amasiya kuyankha insulin. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kulowa mkati mwa cell ndikuyamba kuyambiranso.

Sizosadabwitsa, koma kufa ndi maselo owononga shuga, omwe amaphatikiza: mafuta, minofu, ndipo koposa zonse, amanjenje, amatsogolera ku gluconeogeneis - kaphatikizidwe kena ka glucose m'misempha ya chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wake umakwezeka koposa. Chozungulira mozungulira chimatsekeka.

Zombo zazing'onoting'ono ndizomwe zimayambira kuukira, makamaka impso ndi gawo la masomphenya. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa mtima wamitsempha, womwe umatchedwa neovascularization. Kupatula, mawonekedwe onse ammaso akuvutika: ziphuphu zakumaso, iris, mandala a crystalline, kuseka kwamphamvu, retina ndi mitsempha ya maso.

Glaucoma imayamba kutsutsana ndi maziko a matenda okhudzana ndi kuphwanya kwa madzi ndi nthabwala zake. Kuchulukitsa kwamadzimadzi kumachitika chifukwa cha neovascularization.

Zimayambitsanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zipinda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa thupi la ciliary, lomwe ndi mtima wambiri.

Pamapeto pake, chifukwa cha izi, njira ya Shlemmov imatsekedwa: choyamba, kutulutsa kumachepetsedwa, kenako ndikuzimitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu shuga, mandala amadzaza ndi shuga ochulukirapo, amakhala otupa ndikuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chipinda chamkati.

Kuwonongeka kwa mandala ndi ziphuphu kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamisempha m'maso, kuyesa kulipirira kubisala ndi kuwonekera kwa chithunzicho. Zimathandizanso kukulitsa matenda ochulukitsa ocular.

Dropsy diso chithandizo

Nthawi zambiri, odwala oterowo amakonda kulandira chithandizo mosamala.Lingaliro la kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni limapangidwa pakuchepa kwa maonedwe osalamulira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa komanso kupita patsogolo kwa matenda a zam'mimba komanso kukula kwa zovuta zam'mimba, komanso ndikukula kwa matenda oopsa.

Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chithandizo cha mankhwala ndikukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwongolera chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Izi zimatheka pokhazikitsa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe angapangitse insulin kukonzekera mwachidule komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Chofunikira pa mankhwalawa amtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi kupatsa thanzi komanso kuwonda, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya mu zakudya.

Chithandizo cha Conservative

Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku madontho amaso kuchokera pagulu la beta-blockers, gawo lalikulu lomwe ndilo kuchepetsa kuphatikizira kwa chinyezi ndi thupi la ciliary.

Mankhwala akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi Betaxolol ndi Timolol.

Kukonzekera kwa masabata angapo, kuwunikira bwino kwa kukhazikitsa diso limodzi, woweruza winayo za kukonzaku. Ngati palibe kusintha komwe kwachitika mkati mwa masabata awiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amaloledwa.

Mankhwala osakanikirana omwe ali ndi mphamvu yophatikiza ndiothandizanso, omwe amaphatikiza ndi beta-blocker ndi gulu lazachipatala lomwe lingapangitse kutuluka. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo: Fotil, Cosopt ndi ena. Mfundo zopereka mankhwala ndizofanana ndi njira yomwe tafotokozazi.

Komanso, popewa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, ngakhale popanda zovuta m'maso, ndibwino kuti mupite kukonzekera kwa vitamini ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi physiotherapy ndi kutikita minofu.

Mankhwala othandizira

Kuopsa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala a mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndikuphwanya kwa malo osungirako anthu komanso kuwongolera, komwe kumakulitsa kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi ya postoperative ndikuwonjezera zovuta ndi kubwereranso.

• Mankhwala a laser pochotsa trabeculae owonjezera komanso thupi lopatsa chidwi. Ntchito zimatchedwa trabeculoectomy ndi trabeculoplasty. Amachitidwa pansi pa opaleshoni yam'deralo, atachitidwa opareshoni, nthawi yobwezeretsa si zoposa masiku atatu. Madontho a beta-blockers amaikidwa kwa mwezi kapena kupitirira moyang'aniridwa ndi ophthalmologist ndi ma intraocular pressure. Kuyang'anira kumachitika kwa mwezi umodzi. Kenako kumabwerezedwanso mayeso obwereza kawiri pachaka.
• Press-Press - kukhazikitsidwa kochokera kwa shunt. Ndi chubu chopangidwa ndi polymer, chomwe ndi madzi ndikuchotsa chinyezi chambiri m'zipinda, ndikupanga njira ina yotuluka.
• Photocoagulation nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalumikiza. Imachitika ndi laser ndipo imakhala mu "cauterizing" zombo zokulira. Izi sizingochepetsa dera lokhalamo thupi lokhalamo ndi kukulitsa chipindacho, komanso kuchepetsa mpweya.

Chifukwa chake, abwenzi okondedwa! Maonekedwe a glaucoma kumbuyo kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 sichinthu chachilendo, ndipo wodwalayo ndi dotolo ayenera kukhala atcheru ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali kusintha komwe kumayambitsa matenda oopsa. Kafukufuku wamankhwala wovwala wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kuchitika popanda kupanikizidwa m'zipinda za m'maso.

Ndikulimbikitsanso kuti ndikuwonera kanema wamomwe mungachiritsire matenda a glaucoma omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:

Kupewera kwakukulu kwa matenda amaso ndi endocrine pathology, kuwonjezera pa kuyesedwa ndi diso osachepera 2 pachaka, chimodzimodzi shuga, kudziwikanso kwa moyo, kuphatikiza kuwongolera zakudya komanso kunenepa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti odwala oterowo amamwe mavitamini owonjezera a maso m'maphunziro ndikugwiritsa ntchito madontho a vitamini amaso ndi katundu wa nthawi yayitali. Khalani athanzi! Tikuwona posachedwa!

Kusintha kwatsoka kwamkati mwa thupi kumakhala chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri cha matenda ashuga. Glaucoma yokhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 amawoneka pafupipafupi kuposa anthu opanda shuga. Mu gawo loyambirira la chitukuko, matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa, ndipo glaucoma wapamwamba nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kulumala kapena khungu lathunthu.

Etiology ndi pathogenesis a shuga

Glaucoma ndimatenda a maso osachiritsika chifukwa chotengera mphamvu ya khola kapena pafupipafupi.

Kagayidwe kawirikawiri mthupi limasinthasintha mamvekedwe amaso ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi azitha kutulutsa magazi - gwero lalikulu la zakudya m'zinthu za maso. Kutuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu, chifukwa chake, kuperewera kwakasokonekera, kukakamiza kwa mitsempha kumasintha. Ngati kupanikizika kumakhala kwakukulu, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri glaucoma imayamba, nthawi yomweyo mitsempha ya optic imasinthika. Mu matenda a shuga, khungu lotseguka ndi neovascular glaucoma nthawi zambiri limawonedwa.

Makani otseguka

A wamba mawonekedwe a matendawa ndi open-angle glaucoma, yomwe imadziwika ndi kutsekeka pang'onopang'ono kwa njira zotulutsira madziwo chifukwa chotsatira kumachitika kupangika kwamphamvu kwa madzi a ocular. Matendawa amapezeka m'mitundu yonse ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu opanda matenda a shuga, koma malinga ndi ziwerengero, pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga, matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha shuga wambiri wam'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongekera zotengera zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri zomwe zimabaya retina. Vasoconstriction imasokoneza kayendedwe kabwinobwino ka madzi mkati mwa maso ndikupangitsa kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa maso.

Zam'kati

Glaucoma yamtunduwu imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi matenda ashuga. Zikuwoneka pamene mitsempha yamagazi yamphongo imayamba kukula pa iris, kutseka kwamadzi. Zotsatira zake, maso samalandira zakudya zofunikira, kufalikira kwa madzi amkati kusokonezeka, kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa kumawuka ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha kumayambira. Njira zosasinthirazi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimatsogolera khungu. Matenda a diabetes a glaucoma amapezeka 32% ya milandu.

Chithandizo cha glaucoma wa maso mu shuga

Zomwe zimatsogolera pakuletsa, kukhazikika komanso kuchiritsa ziwalo zonse za mashuga m'magazi ndi njira yothandiza yochotsa matenda a kaboni, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi madzi.

Timolol adapangidwira kuti abwezeretse zakudya za mitsempha yodwala komanso retina.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi glaucoma angachite bwino ngati matendawa ali mwana. Zikatero, madontho amaso amayesedwa kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa zipinda zamkati ndi kubwezeretsanso thanzi la mitsempha ya retina ndi kuwala, mwachitsanzo, Timolol, Betaxolol, etc. Koma mwatsoka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo sikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, nthawi zina kumachitika kotero kuti kupanikizika kumatha, koma mitsempha ya optic siyabwezeretsedwa. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo china, champhamvu kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - opareshoni kapena laser.

Opaleshoni

Sclerectomy yozama yosalowa mkati ndi opareshoni yomwe imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso mopanda kuwopsa. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti kupindika kwamaso sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndiye kuti matendawa ndi ochepa. Koma, poganizira za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pamatenda opatsirana omwe amachitika pakanthawi koyamba komanso chifukwa cha zotupa, odwala ena amapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaletsa kutupa, mankhwala othandizira kupewa chitetezo chachiwiri, othandizira khoma la mtima, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mavitamini panthawi yakukonzanso. Ngati khungu lidayambika limodzi ndi glaucoma, ndiye kuti ndolo ya intraocular imayikiridwa.

Chithandizo cha laser

Kuwonekera kwa laser ndi njira yamakono komanso yothandiza kwa glaucoma mu matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati pali matenda ofanana ndi matenda amtima kapena matenda ena a shuga.Mfundo yoyendetsera ndikuti mtanda wa laser umalowa mkatikati mwa diso, ubwezeretse machitidwe amkati ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi akusunthika. Ngati matendawa sanayambitsidwe, ndiye kuti masomphenyawo amabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu. Opaleshoniyo ndiosavuta kuchita, imadutsa mwachangu ndipo imachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chithandizo cha laser, khungu lamaso silimayikidwa kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Zomwe zimayambitsa glaucoma mwa odwala matenda ashuga

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi glaucoma ndichokwera kwambiri kasanu. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwonongeka kwa retina kumachitika, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndikusintha kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha.

Zikatero, khoma la chotengera limasintha, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumachepa. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukakamiza kwa intraocular, kukulitsa kwa kusintha kwa ma pathological mu iris komanso magawo a fundus.

Zolemba za glaucoma mu shuga

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khoma lamankhwala motsogozedwa ndi mpweya wambiri, mpweya womwe umatchedwa woteteza umagwira. Chifukwa cha izi, zombo zatsopano zimayamba kupanga. Komabe, mosiyana ndi omwe adatsogola, zombo zomwe zangopangidwazo sizikhala ndi khoma lolimba mokwanira, chifukwa chake zimapweteketsa, m'malo mopindulitsa. Zombo zoterezi zimatha kukula mpaka kulowa m'maso ndikusokoneza kutuluka kwazinthu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala mwamphamvu.

Poyang'aniridwa ndi kutuluka kwa madzi a intraocular fluid, ngalande, yomwe ili mu chipinda chamaso cha diso, imatseka. Zotsatira zake, yachiwiri ya neovascular glaucoma imayamba. Tsoka ilo, popanda chithandizo chokwanira, mtundu uwu wa glaucoma umatsogolera ku khungu lonse lathunthu ndi losasintha.

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi gawo la matendawa komanso kubwezera kwa odwala matenda a shuga (kukhalabe glycemia wabwinobwino). Matendawa akapezeka, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa ngati atero ndiye kuti zachitika.

Mfundo zochizira glaucoma mu shuga

Zochizira glaucoma, njira zingapo zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kulabadira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa, chifukwa mu izi zotsatira za glaucoma ndizabwino kwambiri. Mwa mankhwalawa, beta-blockers nthawi zambiri amalembedwa, omwe amaphatikizapo Betaxolol, Timolol, komanso Latanoprost. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kusankhidwa ndi adokotala okha, chifukwa mankhwalawa onse amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Kupewa kwa Matenda a shuga

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kupita ku ophthalmologist ndikuwunikiridwa kawiri pachaka. Izi zingakuthandizeninso kuti muone zizindikiro za matenda ena ammaso munthawi yake (matenda ashuga retinopathy, cataract). Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumatengera kuzindikira kwake kwamatendawo. Nthawi zina chithandizo sichofunikira konse, ndipo ndikokwanira kuti shuga yamagazi ikhale yokhazikika. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira zamasewera, kusintha zakudya, ntchito ndi kupuma. Ngati zonsezi zikuchitika, ndiye kuti posachedwa chitukuko cha glaucoma sichikuwopsezeni.

Glaucoma mu odwala matenda ashuga

Mitsempha ya optic ikhoza kufaniziridwa ndi chingwe chamagetsi chomwe chimakhala ndi mawaya ambiri. Glaucoma amawononga mawaya amodzi (mitsempha ya m'mimba) ndipo mawanga akuda amawoneka pansi pamaso.

Choyamba, kupenyerera kwapadera kumakhala kovuta - tikuwona bwino lomwe likulu la chithunzicho, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumachita khungu. Chifukwa chake, gawo la mawonekedwe limachepa, koma izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali sitikuwona kusintha.

Glaucoma sapereka zizindikiro zina, chifukwa chake siziwoneka popanda kufufuza ndi akatswiri a maso. Zizindikiro zowonekera zowonjezereka zimawonekera pokhapokha matendawa atayamba kale, kuchuluka kwa mafayilo owonongeka awonjezeka.Kenako tikuwona pakatikati pa chithunzichi, kuti tiwone ena onse, tiyenera kutembenuzira mitu yathu.

Zizindikiro zikupsa komanso ululu m'maso amaso. Pochiritsira, madontho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse kupanikizika.

Glaucoma ndi matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu lizipezeka mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri ndimatendawa omwe amayambitsa kusintha kwamaso, komwe kumayambitsa kuphedwa kwa mitsempha ya maso. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, odwala matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi glaucoma ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa 5 mwa anthu athanzi.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda ashuga amakhudza kwambiri zomwe zimachitika mthupi lonse. Zotengera zimasokonekera, magazi amawasokoneza ziwalo. Utoto wa diso, womwe umakhala ndi kusakanikirana kwa ziwiya zazing'ono, umakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Matendawa ali bwanji?

Mavuto am'mitsempha yamagalasi m'maso akuwonjezereka chifukwa chakuti kupangika kwatsopano kwa capillaries m'malo mwa owonongekawo kumayamba (iris rubeosis). Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, zombo zazing'ono sizikhala ndi ntchito yokwanira ndipo sizitha kuthana ndi ntchito zawo. Chifukwa chake:

• Mitsempha ya optic simalandira zakudya zoyenera.
• Kutuluka kwa intraocular fluid kumalephera.
• Mlingo wa IOP ukukula.

Zonsezi zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha. Glaucoma yachiwiri yamkati imayamba. Fundus imavutika, mitsempha yam'mimba, iris. Pathological komanso, monga lamulo, kusintha kosasinthika kumachitika komwe kumayambitsa khungu. Chovuta ndichakuti glaucoma mu matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi maphunziro othamanga. Ngati masitepe sanatengedwenso munthawi, zitha kukhala zosatheka kuti asiye kuwonongera.

Chizindikiro cha kusintha kotero sichimasiyana ndi njira yokhazikika yamatendawa: kupweteka kwa mutu kumawonekera, zowoneka zosiyanasiyana zimayamba, ndipo kuwona kumachepa. Izi zimachitika kale pa magawo 2-3, pomwe njira yowonongera idapita patali.

Maluso omwe adokotala amasankha amakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yophatikiza. Ndizosatheka kuchotsa glaucoma, kusiya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osasinthika. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kumalola:

• shuga wamagazi
• chepetsani kupanikizika kwamatumbo,
• bwezeretsani zakudya zamagetsi a m'maso,
• khazikitsani kagayidwe kachakudya mu diso.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi mankhwala apadera, ndizotheka kubwezeretsa pang'ono pang'ono ntchito zomwe zidawonongeka. Koma munthu sayenera kuyembekeza kubwezeretsa masomphenya kwathunthu. Ngati matendawa apezeka munthawi yake komanso njira zoyenera zachitidwa, mutha kutero popanda opaleshoni.

Ngati maso a glaucoma mu shuga atadutsa kwambiri kapena chithandizo chamankhwala sichikuyenda bwino, yambani kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni. Zitha kuchitika munjira zingapo:

• Therapy Laser Malapoti amapangidwa kuti athetse madzi ochuluka.
• Sclerectomy yakuya ndi kupatulira kwa membrane wamaso, komwe kumathandiza kulipirira kusiyana kwa kupanikizika.
• Kulowetsa ngalande zokumba.

The ophthalmologist amasankha njira ya opaleshoni yozikidwa pamayeso ndi mawonekedwe azachipatala. Njira yotetezeka komanso yachangu kwambiri ndi mankhwala a laser, omwe sapweteka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapereka zotsatira. Komabe, nthawi zina, vutoli limakhalapo kwakanthawi ndipo patapita kanthawi kupanikizika kwazinthu kumawuka.

Osamagona pansi pa mpeni?

Wodwala akayamba kudwala glaucoma chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, sizitanthauza kuti opareshoniyo iyenera kuchitidwa. Izi zitha kupewedwa ngati tsatirani malamulo osavuta:

1. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayendera kamodzi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zikuthandizira kuzindikira glaucoma ndi ma epular pathologies omwe ali mu magawo oyamba ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
2. ndikofunikira kuchita chovuta cha matenda omwe amayambira ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kupatula apo, ndikuphwanya kumene kumene kumabweretsa zotsatira zina zowopsa.
3. zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonjezera m'maso ziyenera kupatula.Pewani zizolowezi zoipa, musadzitopetse ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi komanso nthawi yomweyo kusewera masewera.

Zolemba za matendawa

Wodwala matenda ashuga atayamba kukhala retinopathy, nthawi zina makina amtundu wongoyamba kumene amapanga kukula mu iris. Matendawa amatchedwa "iris rubeosis." Zotsatira zake, njira yayikulu yakutuluka kwamadzi mkati mwa diso limatseka - ngodya ya chipinda chamkati chokhala ndi dongosolo lapadera lokonzera madzi lomwe limakhalamo.

Ngati intraocular kukakamiza sikusintha pakukhazikitsa mankhwala m'maso, kuchitapo kanthu kwa opaleshoni kuyenera. Cholinga cha opareshoni ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa kukakamira kwa mapangidwe mwa kupanga njira yatsopano yotulutsa madzi am'kati mwa intraocular.

Zambiri pazamankhwala

Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa m'matumbo, chithandizo chamadyekedwe ochepetsa matenda oopsa chingalepheretse chitukuko cha khungu. Monga mankhwala, adrenoblockers amagwiritsidwa ntchito - betaxolol ndi timolol.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa timolol, zimachitika modekha (kuyabwa ndi kuyaka m'maso, lacrimation). Zochita zamachitidwe zimathandizanso: kuchepetsa kufinya (bradycardia), kutsitsa magazi, bronchospasm, kupuma movutikira, chizungulire, kufupika, kufooka, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuchepetsa kupanikizika ndi bradycardia kumatheka chifukwa chotengedwa pakamwa chifukwa chosakanikirana kwa ziwonetsero zama cellic calcium antagonists kapena adrenergic blockers.

Zamankhwala zamatenda a iris rubeosis

Ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono amadziwika m'mphepete mwa ana, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mitolo kapena mafupa ofiira, omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwika ndi mayeso osakwanira (popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu).

Neovascularization ya anterior chipinda chopanda popanda kukhudzana ndi mwana dera limatha kukula ndi kupindika kwa chapakati retine mtsempha, chifukwa chake, pamwayi wowopsa wa zovuta, gonioscopy iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Chithandizo chake:

1. Panretinal Photocoagulation, yochitidwa koyambirira, ndi njira yokhayo yosinthira chitukuko cha ziwiya zatsopano ndikupanga kuletsa kukula kwa mitsempha ya neovascular glaucoma.
2. Opaleshoni yammbuyo. Ngati rubeosis imayamba kapena imapitirira pambuyo pake kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kufinya kwam'mimba, kuchitapo kanthu mobwerezabwereza ndikofunikira, ndipo ndi zotsatira zake zabwino, rubeosis imatha kubwereranso. Zowonjezera za panretinal laser zimathandizanso.

Second angle-kutsekeka glaucoma

Amayamba pamene mbali yaku chipinda chatsekedwa chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa minofu ya fibrovascular, kusokonezeka komanso kutuluka kwa mizu ya iris kupita ku trabeculae. Kona imatseka mozungulira mozungulira ngati zipper.

Zochitika zamankhwala

• Kuwonongeka kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe acuity.
• Jekeseni wosasunthika komanso ululu.
• Kupanikizika kwapakati pa intraocular ndi edne corneal.
• Kuyimitsidwa kwa magazi mu chinyezi, thukuta la mapuloteni ochokera ku ziwiya zatsopano.
• Amalengeza rubeosis ya iris ndikusintha kwa mwana, nthawi zina amasintha chifukwa cha kupindika kwa membrane wa fibrovascular.
• Gonioscopy imawulula kutsekeka kotsekera pakona ndi kuthekera kosawoneka bwino kwamapangidwe ake kuseri kwa mzere wa Schwalbe.

Chithandizo

Cholinga ndikuchotsa ululu, chifukwa zomwe zimachitika m'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri sizowona bwino.

1. Chithandizo: Mankhwala a antihypertensive am'deralo komanso azinthu zina kupatulapo mankhwala anga. Atropine ndi ma steroid amalembedwa kuti athetse kutupa ndikukhazikika panjira ngakhale ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa mapangidwe a intraocular.
2. Kubwezeretsanso kwina. Argon laser coagulation imachitika. M'maso ndi opaque optical media, zotsatira zimachitika ndi transscleral diode laser kapena cryocoagulation ya retina.
3. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizigwira ntchito yowoneka pamaso pa kayendedwe ka mkono ndi pamwambapa. Pali njira ziwiri: trabeculectomy ogwiritsa ntchito mitomycin C kapena opaleshoni yamadzi.Ndi zotsatira zabwino za opaleshoniyo, kupanikizika kwa intraocular kumalipidwa, koma kutha kwa kuzindikira kopitilira muyeso ndikukula kwa subatrophy ya apulo ndizotheka, chifukwa chake cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa ululu.
4. Transscleral diodlaseria cyclodestruction imatha kugwira bwino ntchito kuti IOP ikhale yolimba komanso kuti ikhale yolimba, makamaka pophatikiza mankhwala.
5. Retrobulbaria imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa ululu, koma nthawi zina imatha kubweretsa ptosis yosalekeza.
6. Enanthation imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati mitundu ina ya chithandizo ilipo.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu

• Main congestive angle-kutsekeka glaucoma. Graucoma wamitsempha nthawi zina amatha kuyamba ndi ululu wamadzidzidzi, kusokonekera ndi kutupa kwa ziphuphu. Gonioscopy ndiyotheka atachotsedwa kwa ma corneal edema mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala am'deralo antihypertensive ndi / kapena glycerol. Pankhaniyi, makina akutsogolo kwa kamera sangasinthidwe.
• Kutupa pambuyo pa vitrectomy mu shuga kumatha kuyenda limodzi ndi kusayenda bwino kwamitsempha ya iris komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwapakati pa intraocular, komwe kungakhale kolakwika kwa neovascular glaucoma. Kuzindikira komaliza kumachitika pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi steroid mankhwala.

Diso limatsika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

Kuyambira kalekale asayansi akhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa matenda amaso komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa wodwala. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira zoyipa za hyperglycemia pamitsempha yama thupi imagwira ntchito machitidwe onse.

Zombo zowonongeka zimawonongeka mwachangu, ndipo mitsempha yatsopano yomwe imapangidwa imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma. Chifukwa cha izi, kudzikundikira kwamadzi ochulukirapo kumachitika m'thupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo m'diso. Zotsatira zake, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe owoneka kumachitika, komanso kuyambitsa mawonekedwe a mandala.

Matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatirazi za kuwala kwa maso:

• Cataract, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kufalikira kwa mandala, yomwe ndi mandala ofunikira kwambiri pakhungu la diso. Ndi matenda a shuga, kukulitsa kwamatumbo kumatheka ngakhale paubwana, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwamatenda motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia.
• Glaucoma imachitika pamene kutuluka kwakanthawi kwamadzi kwamatumbo kumasokonekera. Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, chinyezi chamadzi chimadziunjikira m'zipinda zamaso, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amkati. Kachiwiri, mphamvu zamanjenje ndi zam'mimba zimawonongeka. Ndi glaucoma, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe amawonedwe kumachitika, arelia amatha kupanga mozungulira malo owunikira, ndipo pali kuthekera kopanda tanthauzo. Zotsatira zamatendawa, khungu limachitika nthawi zambiri.
• Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi mtima wam'mimba womwe umalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma la ziwiya zazing'ono m'maso. Vutoli ndi microangiopathy. Ndi macroangiopathy, ziwiya zaubongo ndi mtima zimakhudzidwa.

Chithandizo cha matenda ammaso omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga

Ngati kunali kotheka kuzindikira matendawa kumayambiriro kwa mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi mwa kuwongolera momveka bwino glycemia.

Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a maso. Kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa kwathunthu chaka chilichonse, kudya moyenera, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Poletsa kukula kwa kusintha kwachiwiri kwa matenda ashuga, simungathe kuchiza kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madontho amaso. Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene ayenera kukupatsani mankhwala, ndipo kutsatira malangizo onsewa kumatengera wodwala.

Kupita patsogolo kwa glaucoma yoyambira yotseguka m'mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga: vuto la comorbidity

Laucoma ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa khungu padziko lapansi, ndipo odwala osachepera 7 miliyoni ali ndi khungu m'maso onse chifukwa cha glaucoma optic neuropathy.Kukakamizidwa kwa intraocular pressure (IOP) kumawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la glaucoma.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali umboni wokulirapo kuti zonse mwatsatanetsatane komanso zam'mimba zimagwira nawo mbali patathogenesis yamatenda. Zinthu zomwe zimakhazikika zimaphatikizapo matenda oopsa oopsa, matenda ashuga mellitus (DM), matenda a mtima (CHD), ndi zina za mtima zomwe zimasintha - kusintha kwa magazi ndi magazi ocular.

Matenda otseguka m'maso a glaucoma (POAG) ndi matenda ashuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda a comorbid, ophatikizidwa ndi njira wamba ya pathogenetic. B.E. Klein et al. Zopitilira zaka 20 zapitazo, adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda a mtundu wa POAG ndikwapamwamba kwambiri mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga - 5.9–13%.

Pakadali pano, zatsimikiziridwa kuti kusintha kwa majini (makamaka, kusintha kwa mtundu wa melatonin receptor gene, MTNR1B) kuneneratu za chiopsezo cha POAG ngakhale asanapeze mtundu wa matenda ashuga 6, 7. kupezeka kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kuwerengere chandamale cha IOP. Komabe, funso la kupita patsogolo kwa POAG kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, malinga ndi malingaliro omwe amayendetsedwa ndi odwala oterewa, samamvetseka bwino.

Zotsatira

Tidawunika odwala 178 omwe ali ndi zaka za 47 mpaka 92 zaka (kumatanthauza zaka 73.7 ± zaka 1.94), mwaiwo amuna 57 (32%), azimayi 121 (68%). Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyankhulana kwapazachipatala ndikuwunika zolembedwa zamankhwala, zoyesedwazo zidagawika m'magulu awiri:

• Gulu loyamba (lalikulu) lidaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi POAG kuphatikiza ndi matenda a shuga a 2, anthu 103 (omwe 24 awo anali amuna, 23%, amayi 79, 77%),
• gulu lachiwiri (lolamulira) lidaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi POAG popanda matenda a shuga, anthu 75 (amuna 33 (amuna 44, 44%, akazi a 42, 56%). Mu gulu lolamulira, amuna anapambana (p = 0.004). Maguluwa sanasiyane mu zaka komanso nthawi ya POAG kuyambira pa nthawi yomwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vutoli komanso kulembetsa nawo pakaphunziro pano.

Pakadali pano, sitinapeze kusiyana pamlingo wa IOP komanso kuwonekera kwakuthupi pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi POAG yokhazikika ndi POAG kuphatikiza ndi matenda a shuga a 2 (Table 1). Komabe, pomwe matenda a POAG anakhazikitsidwa komanso panthawi yomwe phunziroli likuchitika, gawo I la nthendayi limapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali pagulupo kuposa odwala omwe ali m'gulu lalikulu. Gawo lachiwiri la POAG patatha pafupifupi zaka 5 kuchokera pa nthawi yomwe amapita kukalembetsa kukawonekera nthawi zambiri limawonedwa mwa anthu a gulu lalikulu (Gawo 2).

Kuphatikiza apo, tidasanthula zamphamvu za siteji I POAG m'magulu a anthu omwe adayeza. Odwala a magulu akulu ndi owongolera omwe ali ndi gawo I pokhazikitsa kupezeka kwa matenda a POAG sanasiyane pamsinkhu, kugonana komanso kutalika kwa matendawa (Gome 3).

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi POAG yokhazikika adadwala gawo loyamba la zaka 5-6, pomwe theka la odwala omwe ali m'gulu lalikulu anali ndi kupita kwa POAG ndikusintha kwa gawo lachiwiri (tebulo 4).

Kuti tidziwe zomwe zikukhudza kupita patsogolo kwa POAG mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2, tinasanthula pafupipafupi momwe zimakhalira ndi ma comorbid pathology komanso kuchuluka kwake ndi mitundu ya chithandizo cha POAG m'magulu oyesedwa.

Pafupifupi odwala onse omwe adawunikiridwa anali ndi mtima wodwala matenda am'mimba; kusiyana pakukhazikika kwa mitundu yamatenda amtundu pakati pa magulu akulu ndi owongolera komanso pakati pa magulu a anthu omwe ali ndi gawo I POAG (pokhazikitsa matenda) sanapezeke (Table 5).

Odwala ambiri omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi phunziroli adalandira beta-blockers ngati antihypertensive Therapy, komabe, adalembedwa kwa odwala omwe alibe matenda ashuga pafupipafupi, pomwe gulu lalikulu limayang'ana kwambiri pochiza ma prostaglandins (makamaka, a Santen a Taflotan), gulu ili la mankhwalawa silikukhudza kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo mutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Taflotan® (Santen, Japan) ndi analogue yoyamba ya prostaglandin-F2cy yomwe ilibe zoteteza. Zimaphatikiza kuphatikiza kwakukulu (kutsitsa IOP mpaka 35% ndi regimen ya dosing ya 1 r / tsiku) yokhala ndi mbiri yayikulu yotetezeka.

Molekyulu yake imakhala ndi othandizana kwambiri ndi ma FP receptors komanso kuyanjana kwambiri, omwe samangopereka mphamvu yotanthauzira, komanso amachepetsa kuopsa kwa zovuta zakumalo.Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tafluprost ndi 3,3 nthawi yotsika kuposa latanoprost, nthawi 2.7 kutsika kuposa travoprost, pomwe mphamvu ya mankhwala sikuchepa.

Zoletsa za carbonic anhydrase ndi mankhwala a M-anticholinergic m'magulu omwe amapatsidwa mankhwala nthawi zambiri (Table 6).

Odwala ambiri pagulu lalikulu amathandizidwa ndi laser ya glaucoma. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya antihypertensive antiglaucoma mu anamnesis, palibe kusiyana pakati pamagulu omwe adapezeka (Table 7).

Zokambirana

Mukawunika zotsatira za phunziroli, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti odwala onse omwe ali m'gulu lalikulu, pakukhazikitsa matenda a POAG, adawonedwa kale ndi endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist wokhudza mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga, popeza nthawi yomaliza inali zaka 10,5 + 7.0, zomwe ndi zochulukirapo kuposa anamnesis glaucoma m'gululi.

Kupitilira apo, tidawona kuchuluka kwambiri kwa momwe glaucoma imagwirira ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la shuga, omwe amatsimikizira zomwe olemba ena adalemba. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kumeneku sikufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa IOP mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, monga momwe alemba kale a Dielemans I. et al., Osatengera zaka za odwala, kapena ndi concomitant zamtima matenda (omwe ali comorbid ndi mtundu 2 matenda ashuga), popeza maguluwo anali ofanana malinga ndi zizindikiro.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 adapangidwira mankhwala osankha - ma prostaglandins (makamaka, Taflotan ochokera ku Santen), ndipo ambiri amalandila “mwamphamvu” makamaka chifukwa cha laser.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri, a POAG samapezeka kawirikawiri koyambira kuposa kwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga. M'tsogolomu, ngakhale atakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa chandamale cha IOP, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa chithandizo cha pathogenetic (mankhwala, laser, opaleshoni) mwa odwala omwe ali ndi comorbid endocrine pathology, mitengo yapamwamba ya kupita patsogolo kwa POAG imawonedwa poyerekeza ndi anthu opanda mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Si chinsinsi kuti shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe ali ndi ma concomitant pathologies ambiri, omwe amabwera chifukwa chakutha kwa ntchito zake zoyambirira ndi kapamba. Ma cell a ma islets a Langerhans sangathe kupanga kuchuluka moyenera kwa insulin, motero, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a munthu ndikusintha kosalekeza, pamakhala chizolowezi chowonjezera glycemia.

Potengera momwe matendawa alili, mavuto amakula, mavuto amitsempha yamagazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ma intraocular, omwe amachititsa matenda oopsa a ziwalo zamasomphenya. Chimodzi mwa matenda amenewa ndi glaucoma. Madokotala amati odwala matenda ashuga, glaucoma imachitika kangapo ka 5 kuposa odwala omwe alibe zovuta za metabolic.

Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga yemwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia kwa nthawi yayitali atawonongeka, amayamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa retina, komwe kumakhala kuchuluka kwamitsempha yaying'ono ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Ngati zotengera ndi mathero amanjenje zimakhudzidwa ndi glucose miniti iliyonse, makoma ake amakhala ochepa thupi pakapita kanthawi, potero zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukakamizidwa kwa maselo, kusintha kwa zam'magazi mu fundus, ndi iris. Zinthu zikamakulirakulira, matenda a glaucoma amakula, pomwe retina anawonongedwa kwathunthu.

Zolemba za Glaucoma mu shuga

Chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa glucose ochulukirapo, makoma amitsempha yamagazi amawonongeka, thupi poyankha mwachangu limapanga kukula, kukulitsa kwamitsempha yatsopano yamagazi. Mwachiwonekere, palibe cholakwika ndi njirayi, zombo zakale zowonongeka, zatsopano zimabwera m'malo mwake.

Komabe, izi zimangowoneka choncho poyamba. Vuto ndiloti ma neoplasms awa samakhala ndi mikhalidwe yofunikira pamoyo komanso thanzi lamaso, amadzetsa kuvulaza kwakukulu chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwawo.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa neoplasm, imakula ndikukula kwamaso, kutsekereza kutuluka kwachilengedwe kwamadzimadzi am'kati, kuponderezana m'maso kukuchulukirachulukira. Madzimadzi atalephera kutuluka, dongosolo lamakina amadzitsekeka, ngodyayo imatseka, yomwe imapangitsa kukhumudwa kowoneka bwino, kukhazikika kwa kotchedwa glaucoma yachiwiri - neovascular. Matenda ngati amenewo, ngati simumalandira chithandizo chokwanira, ndi njira yolunjika yakhungu.

Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe mungachotse glaucoma ndi glaucoma yachiwiri ndi:

1. mankhwala a shuga
2. kukhala ndi shuga m'magazi munthawi yochepa.

Mukangoyamba kulimbana ndi matenda a zam'tsogolo, mumakhala mwayi woti muchiritse, kuteteza masomphenya. Therapy iyenera kuyamba pomwe atatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa, apo ayi kuthekera kwa atrophy of the visual function of eyes and blindness kungakhale pafupifupi zana limodzi.

Kuchiza matenda

Pofuna kuthana ndi glaucoma ndi matenda ashuga, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Pofuna kupewa matenda, matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• Prophylactic. Popewa matendawa komanso m'magawo oyambilira kuti mukhale ndi kamvekedwe ka mankhwala.
• Mankhwala. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotsatirazi zamankhwala:
  • Zapadera. Amasintha magazi ndikuyenda bwino m'mitsempha yamitsempha.
  • Zachika. Matenda a IOP.
• Laser Kuchotsa matendawa ndikuchepetsa IOP ndi opaleshoni ya laser. Chipangizocho chimapanga timabowo ting'onoting'ono m'maso kuti tichotse madziwo.
• Opaleshoni Sclerectomy yozama yosalowetsa imakupatsani mwayi wotsitsa IOP popanda kutsegula maso. Pambuyo pake, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala othana ndi kutupa komanso olimbitsa, mavitamini.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa laser

Chithandizo chamtunduwu chimaphatikizapo kuthandizira odwala kuchipatala. Koma njirayi simatenga nthawi yambiri. Pafupifupi patsiku lomwelo, wodwalayo adzatha kubwerera pamachitidwe awo achizolowezi. Kubwezeretsa kuchokera ku opaleshoni ya laser sikukutenganso nthawi yambiri. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa matendawo ndi momwe angachitire opareshoni, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:

Trabeculoplasty imapereka mwachangu koma osati nthawi yayitali.

• Trabeculoplasty. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyera glaucoma. Ndi chithandizo chake, IOP imatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 30%. Komabe, zotsatira pambuyo pa njirayi ndizochepa.
• Trabeculectomy. Opaleshoni ndiyovuta kuigwira ndipo imachitidwa pansi pa opaleshoni yam'nyumba. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, zovuta zingapo ndizotheka: hypotension, IOP ikulumpha, conjunctivitis, kuphwanya madzimadzi kutuluka.
• Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. Chithandizo chodziwika bwino komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kutupa pambuyo pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kumathetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi madontho ndi ma compress ozizira.

Zakudya zamankhwala othandizira

Kuti achotse glaucoma mu shuga, komanso pofuna kupewa, madokotala apanga zakudya zapadera. Zakudya za matendawa zimaphatikizaponso malamulo otsatirawa:

Mankhwala odzipatsa nokha, ngakhale ngati zoyamba zizachitika, ndizoletsedwa. Kupatula apo, mankhwala aliwonse amakhala ndi zotsatirapo, ndipo ndi matenda a shuga ndizosatheka kuneneratu zomwe zidzachitike.

Chithandizo cha glaucoma cha matenda a shuga chimangoperekedwa ndi katswiri, ndipo chithandizo chokha chimachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi iye. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe ali pansipa:

• Photophobia
• masomphenya osalala
• ozungulira poyang'ana kuwala kowala,
• kumverera kwa mchenga m'maso.

Ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazizindikirozi zikuwoneka pafupipafupi, pitani kuchipatala.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a glaucoma mu shuga amakhala ndi zolinga zingapo.

• kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka minofu ya diso,
• kukhazikika kwa kukhathamiritsa kwa intraocular,
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mtima.

Ngati matenda atangoyamba kumene, madontho amathandizira kutulutsa kwakanthawi kwamaso Timolol, Latanoprost ndi Betaxolol. Mankhwalawa ndi beta-blockers. Brimonidine, Aproclonidine (α-agonists), mankhwala a hypersmolar (Osmitrol, Glycerin), kaboni anhydrase inhibitors (Glauktabs, Diamox).

Zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimaphatikizapo kufunikira kwa nthawi yayitali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komanso kugwiranso ntchito kwake kochepa.

Wodwala amatha kusintha mawonekedwe, koma zowonongeka zamitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, glaucoma nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.

Kuthandizira opaleshoni

Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya glaucoma mu matenda osokoneza bongo kumathandizira kubwezeretsa mwachangu kukhetsa kwina kwamadzi amadzimadzi.

Sinthani mawonekedwe a kuthamanga kwamaso kumathandiza:

1. Sclerectomy yozama kwambiri. Opaleshoniyo amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa, popeza kutseguka kwa diso kumachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuthekera kwa kulowetsedwa ndi matenda ndikotsika kwambiri. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa NSAIDs ndi corticosteroids mu nthawi ya postoperative, komanso maantibayotiki amphamvu, chifukwa chomwe amakonda kutupa ndi matenda.
2. Chithandizo cha laser. Njira yamakono yochizira matenda a diabetesic glaucoma, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi zovuta zina limodzi kapena ali ndi mavuto amtima. Mothandizidwa ndi mtanda wa laser, dongosolo la kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa IOP kubwezeretsedwa, ndipo kufalikira kofananira kumatsimikizika.

Chithandizo chikuchitika mu nthawi yakunja, opaleshoni imathandiza msanga ndipo ndi yosavuta kulolera. Diso lamaso silivulala panthawi ya chithandizo cha laser.