Zoyambitsa Khansa Yapancreatic

Khansa yamtunduwu ndiyosowa, chifukwa cha 4% ya onse omwe amapezeka ndi khansa. Tsoka ilo, carcinoma - oncology ya kapamba - ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhumudwitsa cha machiritso, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa radiotherapy komanso opaleshoni. Kusintha kwa njira zachipatala kukupitirirabe.

Zoyambitsa Khansa Yapancreatic

Pancreatic neoplasm muoposa theka la milandu imawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50, makamaka mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Chiwerengero cha odwala chotere chakhala chikukula m'zaka zaposachedwa, chomwe chikugwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa zakudya. Gawo lirilonse la chiwalo (thupi, kapena mutu, kapena mchira) limatha kuyatsidwa chotupa, ndipo limakhala ndi kachidindo ka matenda ake malinga ndi gulu la ICD. Khansa yam'mutu imakhala ndi 70% yamavuto onse, chotupa chofala kwambiri ndi adenocarcinoma, wochokera glandular epithelium ya glandular.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic sizinakhazikitsidwe, koma zomwe zikukhudza zomwe zimachitika zimadziwika:

• Matenda a chiwalo chokhacho (pancreatitis, cyst, polyps, adenoma),
• Matenda a Crohn
• matenda a chiwindi
• zilonda zam'mimba
• matenda ashuga
• uchidakwa, kusuta,
• cholowa
• kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi
• magwiridwe antchito oyipa (gwiritsani ntchito ndi mankhwala),
• khansa ya ziwalo zina
• kunenepa.

Mwa zina mwazakudya zomwe sizinapangidwe bwino zimapezeka mosiyana. Chiwopsezo cha matendawa chimawonjezeka ndi mafuta komanso nyama zopezeka pachakudya, kumwa kwambiri soseji, nyama zosuta. Odwala angapo a khansa omwe ali ndi kafukufuku wasayansi amakhala ndi zakudya zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zochepa za lycopene ndi selenium, antioxidants omwe amapezeka mu phwetekere, mtedza, phala.

Zizindikiro za Cancer Pancreatic

Maselo okhala ndi vuto la khungu la mu DNA mosakhazikika, ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira motsutsana ndi maziko amachitidwe oteteza, amayamba kugawana mwachangu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku oncology. Zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic nthawi zambiri sizimawoneka pafupi mpaka gawo 4 la matenda. Chotupa chimadziwika ngati matenda asymptomatic omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira koyambirira. Chithunzi chake cha chipatala chimasiyana pakati pa odwala osiyanasiyana, akusintha kuchokera kumalo ena ake a ziwalo.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic kumayambiriro koyambirira nthawi zambiri imafanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena okhala ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu cha pancreatic:

• kupweteka kwam'mimba, kutulutsa,
• kumverera koyaka m'mimba
• kutsegula m'mimba, kupezeka kwa mafuta mu chopondapo,
• nseru, ludzu
• mkodzo wakuda
• Kuchepa kwa thupi ndi njala,
• ulesi, malungo.

Matenda a Cancer a Pancreatic

Kuti mutsimikizire wodwalayo, muyenera kudziwa kuti pali khansa yapakansa yofunika. Kuchita mayeso angapo a magazi ndi mkodzo, kuyesa kwa chiwindi kungangotanthauza kukulira kwa neoplasms yoyipa. Momwe mungayang'anire kapamba wa khansa? Kuzindikira kwenikweni kungatsimikizidwe ndi mayeso angapo:

1. Ultrasound yam'mimba
2. compression tomography,
3. MRI (imagonance imaging),
4. ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography),
5. positron emission tomography,
6. endoscopic retrograde cholangiography,
7. laparoscopy (biopsy).

Kuzindikira bwino chotupa kumalola njira zapamwamba kwambiri zoyeserera. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za oncology ndi stenosis ya kukoka kwa ziwalo, koma nthawi zina ndi chifuwa chachikulu, kupatsirana kwakovuta. Dokotala amapanga lipoti lomaliza la zamankhwala pokhapokha atamuwonetsa biopsy, histological.

Magawo a khansa yapakansa

Kupita patsogolo kwa tumor kumaikidwa m'magulu anayi. Magawo onsewa a khansa amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumuka. Zadziwika kuti:

• Pa gawo la zero la khansa ya kapamba, ma neoplasm sazindikira, palibe zizindikiro.
• Chotupa mu gawo la 1 sichidutsa 2 cm kudutsa. Mitundu yonse ya ntchito ndiyololedwa.
• Pa gawo lachiwiri, neoplasm imapangidwa pathupi la gland, mchira wake kapena mutu popanda metastases ku ziwalo zoyandikana. Gawo limaphatikizira wailesi / chemotherapy ndi chithandizo cha opaleshoni, distal kapena lathunthu lathunthu.

Pa gawo la 3, mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi imakhudzidwa. Chotupa chimachepetsedwa kwakanthawi chifukwa chemotherapy. Kuphatikiza chithandizo, kupondereza kuyang'ana ndikuletsa metastases mu kapamba, kumatenga moyo wa chaka chimodzi. Pa gawo lotsiriza, kukula kwa maselo sikulamuliranso. Neoplasms imaphimba chiwindi, mafupa ndi mapapu. Ascites amakula - mawonekedwe a peritoneum a khansa. Kutalikirana kwa metastases kuchokera kumalo ophunzitsira kumayendetsa mankhwalawa, komwe kumachepetsa ululu. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'gawo 4 sichinapitenso zaka 5.

Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Pancreatic

Chotupa cha chiwalochi amachitiridwa opaleshoni. Wodwala akamamuthandizira mwachangu, zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zabwino. Odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa chovomerezeka nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa. Khansa yamapapo singachiritsike; mapangidwe ake ali ndi vuto. Odwala 15% okha ndi omwe amangogwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe ma metastases osagwirizana ndi ena amawonedwa.

M'mitundu y khansa yoyambirira, pancreatoduodenal resection imachitika, pomwe chiwalocho (mokwanira kapena pang'ono) ndi duodenum chimachotsedwa, ndikutsatiridwa kubwezeretsanso kwakonzanso kwa bile ducts. Chithandizo cha khansa ya pancreatic chimaphatikizapo njira zina zokulitsa moyo, kuchedwa kufa kwa wodwala - iyi ndi wailesi ndi chemotherapy, yomwe imachepetsa mapangidwe. Kuti muchepetse kuwonekera kwa matendawa, kuchepetsa ululu, ma painkiller amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pancreatic Cancer Zakudya

Zakudya zopangidwa mwadongosolo la khansa ya pancreatic ndi imodzi mwazinthu zothandizira kuchira. Chakudya chimayenera kuwiritsa, kuwiritsa kapena kuwotcha ndi mchere wocheperako, wopanda zonunkhira. Zakudya zoukidwa, zakudya zokazinga ziyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu. Khofi wofooka amalimbikitsidwa yaying'ono, tiyi amayamba kupanga tiyi pang'ono. Amaletsa mowa, zakumwa ndi gasi, makeke ndi zinthu zophika mkate. Nsomba zamafuta sizikulimbikitsidwa.

Matenda a Khansa ya Pancreatic

Ndi angati omwe akukhala ndi khansa ya pancreatic? 3% yokha ya odwala amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu atatsimikiziridwa komaliza. Ngati chotupa chowopsa chikapezeka, chidziwitso cha khansa ya kapamba sichabwino, osapitilira chaka chimodzi chamoyo. Kukula kwachisoni kumafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa khansa m'magawo omaliza (70% ya matenda) ndi okalamba, chifukwa chake kuchotsa chotupacho sikungatheke ndipo ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matendawa.

Kupewa kwa Khansa ya Pancreatic

Njira zopewera matenda oyipa zimapezeka kwa aliyense. Udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakupewera khansa ya kapamba imayendetsedwa ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi popanda kusefukira, ndikuletsa zakudya zamafuta onunkhira komanso kutsatira njira yodyera. Kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (fodya, uchidakwa). Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi mayeso a zamankhwala, pezani mayeso, chiritsani matenda a kapamba munthawi yake.

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi

Kuchepa kwa khansa ya pancreatic kumawonjezereka ndimamwa zakudya zochuluka za nyama zokhala ndi mafuta a nyama. Ndi mafuta azinyama omwe ali ndi vuto linalake lamphamvu, chifukwa amachititsa gland kugwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso.

Pambuyo podya zakudya zamafuta, anthu amakonda kumva kupweteka m'matumbo. Zakudya zaukali, zamchere kwambiri kapena zonunkhira, komanso zinthu zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito paukadaulo, zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa; zoyambitsa izi ndizizindikiro ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndikuwunikira.

Kusintha kwatsoka m'maselo a gland kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• chakudya chofulumira
• chakudya zamzitini
• mowa
• zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi
• maswiti.

Zogulitsazi zimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a atypical apangidwe, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala zotupa zoyipa ndi khansa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mothandizidwa ndi mowa pali kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zachinsinsi za kapamba!

Ma mahomoni opangidwa amakhalabe mkati mwa chiwalo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu zochitika za metabolism zomwe zimachitika mu epithelium. Nthawi zambiri, chifuwa chachikulu chimayamba kumwa mowa, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti matendawa ndiwotsimikizika, ndipo gawo lotsatira la khansa yake ndi khansa.

Zakudya zabwino, kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya kapamba. Udindo wofunikira kwambiri umaseweredwa ndi zakudya. Ngati mumakonda kudya kwambiri komanso kudya chakudya chambiri nthawi imodzi, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochulukitsa, pomwe zakudya zopanda pake zimayambitsa kulumikizana kwakukulu.

Zothandiza zimakhudza ntchito ya pancreatic, lycopene ndi selenium ndizophatikiza zomwe zimapezeka mumasamba ofiira komanso achikasu

Kwa osuta omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chachitali, chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya pancreatic ndichapamwamba kwambiri. Utsi wosuta fodya umakhala ndi ma carcinogen ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a atypical apangidwe m'thupi la munthu.

Ma polcyclic onunkhira a hydrocarbons (PAHs) ndi owopsa kwambiri m'matumbo. Amatha kuyambitsa zotupa mu thupi lonse. Kusuta kumayambitsanso kupindika kwa mapindikidwe a bile. Izi zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chiwalo ndipo zimatha kudzetsa matenda, kenako khansa. Zambiri pazomwe kusuta kumayambitsa pancreatitis, mutha kuwerengera patsamba lathu.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mwa anthu omwe amasuta, khansa ya kapamba imapezeka pafupifupi katatu kuposa momwe amasuta. Koma izi zimachitikanso, ndipo mukakana kusuta kwa zaka zingapo, zinthu sizingasinthe.

Zomwe zikuyambitsa pano zili pompopompo, ndipo ngati simukuthawa kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, ndiye kuti khansa imapitilira kusuta.

Kudziletsa

Pafupifupi 10% ya khansa ya kapamba, anthu ena am'banja lawo adadwalanso chimodzimodzi. Ngati wachibale (abale anu, makolo) akadakhala ndi matenda otere, ndiye kuti chiwopsezocho chimakulanso.

Izi pakukula kwa neoplasms yoyipa ya gland imalumikizidwa ndi majini angapo. Koma pakadali pano silinapeze malo enieni mu ma chain awo omwe amachititsa izi.

Matenda a shuga

Chiwopsezo cha zotupa zoyipa chimachulukitsidwa kwambiri pamaso pa matenda a shuga. Zifukwa zake zakhala zikudziwika kale - kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambitsa hyperglycemia (kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi), zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a thupi lonse.

Monga lamulo, pakati pa matenda awa ali ndi kulumikizana kwa mbali ziwiri. Popeza kupanga insulini kumachitika mu kapamba, kukomoka kwa ziwalo kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga.

Zoyambitsa zina za oncology

Matenda a kapamba amayamba chifukwa cha kupopera kwa mikwingwirima, komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wosinthika wa maselo a cell. Ngati matendawa sanalandire chithandizo chanthawi yake kapena samaphunzira kuchiritsa, mavuto amayamba posachedwa, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala akuphwanya.

Popeza pancreatitis imatsogolera ku stenosis yolimba ya zikondamoyo, chinsinsi chopangidwa ndi chiwalochi chimayamba kuyima. Zophatikizira zama carcinogenic zimatha kupezeka mumadzimadzi, nthawi yayitali yomwe pa epithelium ya chiwalo imatha kupangitsa kuti maselo owopsa apangidwe.

Ngozi yayikulu pokhudzana ndi kusinthika kukhala chotupa cha khansa ndi pancreatic adenoma. Poyamba, ili ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, koma nthawi zina zilonda zake zimatha kuchitika (kusintha kwa mawonekedwe oyipa).

Pali mtundu wapakati wa chotupa, chomwe, malinga ndi asayansi ena, chimapangitsa khansa yochepa kwambiri. Ngati adenoma ya gland imachotsedwa mwachangu ndi opaleshoni, chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa sichimadziwikanso.

Cirrhosis ya chiwindi imatha kubweretsanso zotupa zoyipa za kapamba. Pankhaniyi, kusintha kwa ma pathological kumachitika mu minyewa ya chiwindi ndi zinthu zakupha zimapangidwa zomwe zimalowa mu kapamba kudzera mu ndulu ya bile.

Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zifukwa apa ndikuti pali kusayenda koyenda komanso kunenepa kwambiri, zimatha kubweretsanso mapangidwe a zotupa za khansa. Kuyesedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha thupi kumawonetsa kuti asintha kapangidwe ka kapamba, omwe nthawi zina angayambitse khansa.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuzindikiridwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino, omwe amakhala akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokhazikika ndikuwongolera njira yoyenera, akuwonetsa kuti kapamba wawo ali m'malo okhazikika ndipo alibe zisonyezo zakukula kwa matenda.

Kuzindikira kwa zotupa zoyipa za kapamba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la matendawa, zaka za wodwalayo komanso kupezeka kwa matenda oyamba.

Mphamvu ya zaka komanso dziko

Chiwopsezo cha khansa ya pancreatic imawonjezeka ndi zaka. Nthawi zambiri, kuzindikira koteroko kumachitika kwa anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 45. Pafupifupi 90% ya odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa za glandular ali ndi zaka zopitirira makumi asanu ndi zisanu. Koma ubwana sukhala cholepheretsa kukula kwa khansa pamaso pa zinthu zomwe zingachitike.

Ponena za mayiko omwe ali ndi odwala, khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu nthumwi za anthu akuda kuposa ku Asiya ndi azungu.

Matenda a oncological a kapamba amatha kuchitika pogwira ntchito yamafuta owopsa, ndikulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi zinthu zapoizoni. Amapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, pokonza mafuta kapena phula wamalaala.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zowopsa sizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic. Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi zovuta zonse, koma sangatenge khansa. Nthawi yomweyo, matendawa amathanso kukhudza anthu ena, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa ya kapamba

Gawo loyamba la matendawa limatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba ndizosawoneka bwino komanso zopanda tanthauzo, kotero munthu sangathe kuwayankha ndipo osakayikira za matendawa.

Khansa ya kapamba imatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono, kwa zaka zingapo, zizindikilo zatsatanetsatane zisanayambike, zimatsimikizira ndendende iyi. Pazifukwa izi, kuwunika kwa matenda onse kwa wodwala ndi kwa dokotala ndikovuta.

Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi khansa ya pancreatic, koma nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndizodziwika bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa njira zina. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi jaundice. Zimachitika pamene bile duct yatsekedwa ndipo bile ikalowa m'magazi.

Odwala ndi jaundice, mkodzo ndi wakuda, pali chopondapo dongo, khungu limadetsedwa, maso amasanduka achikasu. Chifukwa cha bilirubin yayitali, khungu lotuwa limatha kuoneka.

Nthawi zambiri, jaundice imachitika chifukwa cha matenda a gallstone, koma nthawi zina maonekedwe ake amathanso kuyambitsa khansa yapakhosi. Jaundice wophatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a gallstones nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ululu wambiri. Khansa yapakansa imadziwika ndi "jaundice wopanda chowawa."

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugaya chakudya, ndipo Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• nseru
• kudzimbidwa
• kusadya bwino
• kuwonda
• kutsegula m'mimba

Zizindikirozi zimayamba chifukwa cha kupangika kwa chotupa m'mimba m'mimba kapena kulowetsedwa ndi mitsempha. Ngati m'matumbo atatsekedwa ndi chotupa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amakhala ndi mseru komanso kupweteka, atatha kudya.

Chizindikiro chokhala ndi khansa ya pancreatic ndiko kudzikundikira kwamadzi ambiri kumimba. Vutoli limatchedwa ascites. Zifukwa zazikulu ziwiri zimathandizira kuti izi zitheke:

1. Pali kufalikira kwa kukhetsa magazi kuchokera m'matumbo kupita kuchiwindi ndi kufalikira kwamatendawa. Zotsatira zake, madzi amatuluka kumimba.
2. Kufalikira kwa chotupa cham'chiberekero cham'mimba.

Madzimadzi amatha kudziunjikira pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri komanso amatha kupuma, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta. Nthawi zina, njirayi imatha kuwongoleredwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala (okodzetsa amakhazikika). Nthawi zina odwala amafuna paracentesis (drainage drainage).

Mwachidule za khansa ya kapamba

• Khansa ya kapamba, kapamba wa kapamba, kapena khansa ya kapamba ndi mayina a matendawa, omwe takambirana m'nkhaniyi.
  
• Khansa imachitika pamene, pazifukwa zilizonse, maselo amayamba kugawanika mosayenera komanso mosayenera.
  
• Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa kapamba, khunyu yopweteka imatha kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa isanadziwonetse yokha.
  
• Matendawa amachititsa mseru, amachititsa kuti munthu asamade nkhawa, amete thupi komanso azioneka ngati ofooka.
  
• Pancreatic carcinoma imatha kuchiritsidwa pokhapokha itadziwika koyambirira ndipo isanayambike kufalikira kwa ziwalo zina.
  
• Pabanki ya nkhumba ya mankhwala pali zithandizo zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa.

Kufotokozera Matenda

Khansa ya pancreatic imayambitsa 5% ya imfa zonse kuchokera ku zotupa zopweteka padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri khansa yamtunduwu imatchedwa "chete," chifukwa imadzinenera kuti ndiwofupikitsa wazizindikiro, kuphatikiza apo ilinso yosadziwika. Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri mwa odwala amapezeka pang'onopang'ono.

Pancreatic carcinoma nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu achikulire kuposa zaka 50. Panthawi yodziwika bwino, odwala ambiri ali ndi zaka 65 mpaka 80. Chiwopsezo cha matenda mwa abambo chimakulirapo pang'ono kuposa azimayi.

Zikondamoyozo zimakhala mkati mwa patsekeke pamimba. Amazunguliridwa ndi m'mimba, matumbo ndi ziwalo zina. Kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi sikisi, ndipo mawonekedwewo amafanana ndi peyala yayitali yokutidwa - mbali inayo ndi yotalikirapo ndi ina yopapatiza. Zikondamoyo zimagawika m'magawo atatu: gawo lalikulu limatchedwa mutu, lopendekera - mchira ndi gawo lapakati - thupi. Pakati pa chiwalo ichi chimadutsa pancreatic duct.

Pancreas ndi gland yomwe imagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: imabisa madzi a kapamba ndikupanga mahomoni ena, omwe amodzi ndi insulin. Madzi amakhala ndi mapuloteni otchedwa ma enzymes omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya. Pakufunika, kapamba amabisa ma enzymes awa mu duct system. Ductor chachikulu cha pancreatic imayenda mu duct ya chiwindi ndi ndulu, yomwe imanyamula bile (madzimadzi omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya). Zonsezi zimapanga njira imodzi yomwe imatseguka mu duodenum - gawo loyambirira la matumbo ochepa.

Ma hormone a pancreatic amathandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kusunga mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, insulin imakhudzidwa ndikuwongolera glucose wamagazi (gwero lamphamvu). Zikondazo zimatulutsa timadzi timeneti ndi timene timati thupi likafuna. Amalowa m'magazi ndikuyenda m'makona onse a thupi lathu.

Khansa imachitika maselo pazifukwa zina atayamba kugawanika mosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Amatha kulowa mkati mwa zimakhala zowononga ndikuziwononga. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a khansa amatha kudzipatula ku chotupa (choyambirira) chotupa ndikulowa m'magazi kapena m'mitsempha yamagazi. Mwanjira imeneyi, khansa imafalikira, ndipo zotupa zatsopano zimapanga mbali zina za thupi zomwe zimatchedwa metastases.

Kapamba akhoza kukhala malo obadwira ena a khansa. Ma neoplasms ambiri a oncological amayamba kukhazikika m'mizere yomwe imanyamula madzi a pancreatic. Koma mawonekedwe osowa kwambiri a khansa ya kapamba amatha kuoneka m'maselo omwe amapangidwa ndi insulin ndi mahomoni ena. Maselo oterowo amatchedwa islet kapena zisumbu za Langerhans, ndipo khansa yomwe imawavutitsa imatchedwa islet cell. Khansa ikayamba, chotupacho chitha kulowa ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi ndi kapamba. Uwu ndi m'mimba ndi matumbo aang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo omwe asiya chotupa chachikulu amatha kutumizidwa ku ziwalo za m'mimba kapena ziwalo zina: chiwindi kapena mapapu. Zochitika zotere zakukula kwa matendawa ndizotheka ngati chotupa chafika kukula kwakukulu.

Zimayambitsa komanso zowopsa

Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa kapamba, kupweteka kwa chinyezi cha thupilo kumatha kukula asanayambe kuwonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale zizindikilozo zitadziulula, zitha kukhala zofatsa kwambiri kotero kuti sizingachitike. Pazifukwa izi, khansa ya pancreatic ndi yovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira kumayambiriro. Nthawi zambiri, podzafika podziwika za chotupacho, zimadziwika kuti zatha kufalikira m'maso mwake.

Malo ndi kukula kwa chotupacho chimayambitsa zizindikirazo. Ngati neoplasm ili m'mutu wa kapamba, imatchinga ndulu yayikulu ndipo simalola bile kuti ilowe m'matumbo. Pa izi, khungu ndi oyera azungu amasintha chikaso, ndipo mkodzo umada. Zofananazo zimadziwika kuti jaundice.

Khansa, yomwe imachokera m'thupi kapena mchira wa kapamba, nthawi zambiri siziwonetsa chilichonse mpaka chotupacho chikukula ndikukula. Kenako pamakhala zowawa pamimba, yomwe nthawi zina imabweza. Zowawa zimawonjezeka mukatha kudya ndikukhala pamalo opingasa. Ngati mukutsamira, ululu umachepera.

Pancreatic carcinoma imatha kuyambitsa nseru, kuchepa kwa chilimbikitso ndi kunenepa, ndi kufooka.

Ngati kapamba amakhudzidwa ndi khansa ya m'mimba, imatulutsa ndipo imapanga insulin yambiri komanso mahomoni ena. Kenako munthuyo amatha kufooka kapena chizungulire, kuzizira, kukokana kwa minofu kapena kutsekula m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zonse pamwambazi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa khansa. Koma nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe awo zimatha kukhala zovuta zina zovuta. Ngati sizidutsa, wodwalayo ayenera kupita kuchipatala. Pokhapokha pamayeso apadera omwe amachitika ndi madotolo apadera ndi omwe angakhazikitse matenda oyenera.

Zizindikiro

Pofuna kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, dotolo adzafunsa wodwalayo mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri yakale yakuchipatala ndikuwunika, komanso kupereka magazi, mkodzo ndi ndowe.

Dokotala atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zotsatirazi:

• X-ray yam'mimba yapamwamba yam'mimba (njira iyi nthawi zina imatchedwa kulandiridwa kwa "barium porridge"). Mndandanda wa x-ray wamagetsi wam'mimba amatengedwa pambuyo pomwe wodwala wameza kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi a barium sulfate. Izi zimawunikira mizere ya ziwalo pansi pa x-ray.
  
• Scut tomography (CT) Scan. Mothandizidwa ndi zida zapakompyuta za x-ray, zithunzi za ziwalo zamkati zimapezeka. Wodwalayo wagona pa tebulo la CT, lomwe limayenda modutsa dzenje lozungulira, pomwe kuyikapo kumatenga zithunzi. Asanafufuze, wodwalayo angafunsidwe kuti amwe njira yapadera, chifukwa cha momwe mgayanowo amawonera bwino.
  
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Njirayi imachokera pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi kompyuta. Chipangizo cha MRI ndi chachikulu kwambiri, mkati mwa maginito mumakhala msewu wapadera womwe wodwalayo amayikidwa. Chipangizochi chimayeza mayankho a thupi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe kompyuta imatembenuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti apange chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha ziwalo zamkati.
  
• Ultrasound echography Njira yodziwikirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amtundu wapamwamba kwambiri omwe munthu samatola. Chomverera chaching'ono chimawatsogolera kumalo amkati mwa wodwala. Samawamverera, koma echo amawonekera kuchokera ku ziwalo, pamaziko omwe amalandila chithunzi chotchedwa echograph. Zilonda zowoneka ndi minofu yathanzi ndizosiyana ndi zotupa zam'mimba zopweteka. Phunziro lotere ndilodalirika mukamayang'ana anthu a thupi loonda. Zilonda za wonenepa kwambiri zimatha kusintha zolakwika.
  
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) ndi kafukufuku wamayiko omwe amapezeka ndi bile duct ndi ma pancreatic ducts ogwiritsa ntchito x-ray. Katswiri wa zamankhwala amatsitsa chubu chotalikirapo (endoscope) kudzera mmero ndi m'mimba. Kenako, kusiyanitsa sing'anga kumalowetsedwera ndikutsukidwa ndipo ma x-ray amatengedwa. Izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, motsogozedwa ndi sedative.
  
• Percutaneous translateuminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Singano yopyapyala imayilowetsedwa m'chiwindi kudzera pakaboola pakhungu kumbali yakumanja kwa m'mimba. Utoto umalowetsedwa m'miyendo ya chiwindi, pambuyo pake mumatha kuwona pa ma x-ray pomwe mabulogu amapezeka.
  
• Angiography: wothandizira mosiyanitsa amaphatikizidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti iwoneke mu x-ray.
  
• Kufufuza mwa njira imodzi (kutenga kachidutswa ka minofu) kamene kamakayikitsa kapena kutulutsa matumba (pa ERCP) kudzapereka chidziwitso cholondola.
  
• Kuyesa kwa mtundu wina wamagazi, monga chotupa, mwina ndi dokotala.

Mukapanga matenda, zotsatirapo za maphunziro onsewa zimawerengedwa. Zomwe adapeza zidathandizidwa kumvetsetsa kukula kwa matendawa, mwanjira ina, zimayendetsa.

Pali magawo atatu a khansa ya kapamba:

• Gawo lomwe m'deralo momwe matendawa amakhudzira kapamba yekha. Monga lamulo, pankhaniyi, khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchita opareshoni.
  
• Khansa yapam'mudzimo yomwe yapita patsogolo pa kapamba kuti ipatsire ziwalo zapafupi.
  
• Metastatic carcinoma imadziwika chifukwa chakuti kudzera m'magazi amafikira ziwalo kutali ndi kapamba, mwachitsanzo, mapapu.

Kukonzekera kuyendera kwa dokotala

Ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa akufuna aphunzire momwe angathere pokhudzana ndi matenda awo, kuphatikizapo njira zomwe akutsatira pano, kuti atenge nawo mbali popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi chithandizo chawo. Munthu akadziwitsidwa ndi matenda ake oyamba ndi khansa, kudandaula, kukana, komanso mantha zidzakhala zachilengedwe kutengera izi. Mulu wa malingaliro omwe akukumana nawo ungawalepheretse kuganizira mafunso onse omwe amafunsa adotolo. Chifukwa chake kukhala kofunikira kupanga mndandanda. Odwala ena amafunanso kuti akhale ndi wachibale wawo kapena bwenzi lawo pakulankhula kwa dokotala yemwe angatenge nawo gawo pazokambirana, kulemba zolemba ndikungomvera.

Odwala sayenera kufunsa mafunso awo onse kapena kukumbukira mayankho onse nthawi imodzi. Adzakhala ndi mwayi wofunsa adotolo kuti afotokoze china chake kapena kupereka zina zowonjezera. Nayi mafunso angapo omwe odwala angafune kuyankha asanayambe maphunziro:

• Kodi ndimazindikira chiyani?
  
• Kodi matendawo ali pa gawo liti?
  
• Kodi chisankho chamankhwala ndi chani? Zomwe aliyense waiwo akuimira? Ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito njira yanji yochizira? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
  
• Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha njira iliyonse?
  
• Kodi ndili ndi mwayi wotani kuti zitheke?

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchiritsa ku khansa ya kapamba chifukwa chofunafuna chithandizo kuchipatala. Sizotheka kuchiritsa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapamwamba kwanuko kapena mawonetseredwe a metastasis. Komabe, ngakhale matendawa atapita patali, chithandizo chitha kusintha moyo wa wodwalayo popereka chiwongolero cha zomwe zikuwoneka ndi khansa. Ovutika ndi khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri amagwera m'manja mwa akatswiri a gulu la akatswiri omwe amapanga maopaleshoni, a chemotherapists, a oncologists, radiologists ndi endocrinologists. Kusankha chithandizo kumatengera mtundu wa khansa, siteji komanso thanzi la wodwalayo. Zachidziwikire, mawu omaliza posankha njira yochiritsira amasiira wodwalayo.

Khansa yomwe yatsekedwa mkati mwa kapamba kapena kufalikira pang'ono imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni. Monga lamulo, imachitika mu tandem ndi chemo- ndi radiotherapy. Ena a oncologists amakonda kuchita mankhwalawa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu asana opaleshoni, pomwe ena atatero. M'malo ena, wodwala amakhala ndi radiation panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Opaleshoni yamachiritso ndi opaleshoni yayikulu, chifukwa chake dokotala wakuchita opareshoni ndi amene angachite. Pogwira ntchito ya Whipple, mutu wa kapamba, duodenum, gawo lam'mimba, bile duct ndi ma lymph node amachokera. Khansa ya thupi kapena mchira wa kapamba imayenera kupanikizika kwathunthu (kuchotsedwa kwa kapamba konse, duodenum, chikhodzodzo, bile duct, ndulu ndi zamitsempha. Tsoka ilo, pakuchita opaleshoni, madokotala a opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amawona kuti khansayo yapita patsogolo kwambiri kuposa momwe zimawonekera pazithunzi, ndikuletsa njira yopangira opaleshoni. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndipite pansi pa mpeni wa dokotala wa opaleshoni, ncholinga chogwira ntchito mwamphamvu, ngati kapamba onse sangachotsedwe.

Munthu aliyense amafunikira nthawi yanji kuti achire. Akachira pambuyo poyesedwa kovuta chonchi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amayang'anitsitsa zakudya za wodwalayo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akulemera. Poyamba, odwala amangodyetsedwa chakudya chamadzimadzi. Amapatsidwanso ma donels omwe amapatsa thupi zakudya zowonjezera. Kenako chakudya cholimba chimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri atachitidwa opaleshoni, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi ma pancreatic enzymes kumachepa. Motere, zovuta ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya komanso kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndizotheka. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni zakudya zoyenera ndikukupatsirani mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikirozi, monga ma enzymes kapena mahomoni (makamaka insulin).

Mutha kudziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi khansa kuchokera ku gawo lolingana ndi nkhaniyi.

Ngati sizotheka kuchotsa chotupacho kwathunthu, kuchitidwa opaleshoni yocheperako kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikirazo, pomwe matumbo kapena ndulu ya bile imatsekeka. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yodutsa kapena yoluma imachitidwa.

Ngati tizingolankhula za khansa yapamwamba kwanuko, ndiye kuti kuchitidwa opaleshoni sikuchiritsa. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kuti tiletse zofooka zokha, komanso ndi njira yokhayo (yopangira). Pakadali pano, njira zazikulu zakuchiritsira zimakhala radiation ndi chemotherapy, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kapena molumikizana. Kafukufuku angapo adawonetsa kuti izi zimathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa zizindikilo ndikuwongolera moyo wabwino.

Ndipo tsopano chifukwa cha khansa ya metastatic. Cancreatic carcinoma ikangofika mbali zakutali za thupi, ndizosatheka kuyichotsa. Cholinga cha kafukufuku yemwe akupitiliza anali kupeza njira zakusinthira moyo wathunthu wa odwala omwe matenda awo afika posachedwa. Kuwongolera kumatha kuchepetsa ululu, komanso mitundu ina ya chemotherapy, monga momwe zimakhalira, kusintha chilimbikitso komanso kumathandizanso wodwalayo ku zowawa. Tsoka ilo, mankhwalawa samakulitsa chiyembekezo cha moyo. Koma, ngakhale izi zidachitika, mkhalidwe wa odwala omwe adachitanso zithandizo zina zamankhwala ndizabwino kuposa omwe sanawapatse.

Radiation therapy (yotchedwanso radiotherapy) ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu omwe amawononga ma cell a khansa ndikuletsa kukula ndi magawidwe. Monga opaleshoni, chithandizo cha mankhwala a radiation chili pano. Zimangokhudza maselo owopsa okha omwe ali m'chipatala. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo, ndipo zida zofananira ndi X-ray zimatsogolera mtengo wozungulira kudera lomwe linasankhidwa ndi oncologist-radiologist. Madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito radiotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kuti achepetse kukula kwa chotupacho, potero amathandizira kuthetsa kwake, kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti awononge maselo owopsa omwe angatsalire m'derali. Zowonjezera sizimatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatenga mphindi zingapo, koma ziyenera kuwululidwa tsiku lililonse kapena kanayi kasanu pa sabata. Kutengera ndi zomwe zikuthandizidwa, maphunzirowa amachitika kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

Zotsatira zoyipa za radiation zimatengera mlingo komanso chithandizo pamankhwala. Pambuyo magawo a radiation, odwala amatopa kwambiri, makamaka pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa chithandizo.

M'dera lodetsedwa ndi khungu, kuyabwa ndi redness zitha kuwoneka. Wodwalayo adzafunsidwa kuti asasambe ndikuwaza malowa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo, komanso kuti asagwiritse ntchito mafuta ena aliwonse popanda mafuta ambiri popanda kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa izi zimangokulitsa vutoli. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa radiotherapy, mawonetseredwe a khungu awa adzadutsa. Chingwe chotsala chamkuwa chokha cha khungu lakakwiya chomwe chingakumbutse wodwalayo chithandizo chomwe akukumana nacho. Kuchepetsa tsitsi ndikothekanso (kokha pamalo opangira chithandizo).

Kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba kungayambitse nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kupweteka mukameza. Kuthana ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa awa, omwe, monga lamulo, amathera kumapeto kwa chithandizo, mankhwala amalembedwa.

Chemotherapy ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa amalembedwa payekhapayekha kapenanso kuphatikiza pochiza poizoni, asanachitidwe opaleshoni kumayambiriro kapena kuti athetse zizindikiro za matendawa ngati chotupa sichitha. Dokotala atha kukulemberani mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo.

Njira yakuchiritsirayi imachitika nthawi zambiri m'magulu: nthawi yochizira imasinthidwa ndi kuchira, ndiye njira yotsatira ya chithandizo ndikukonzanso, etc. Mankhwala ambiri a anticancer amalowetsedwa mu mtsempha (BB), ndipo ena amatengedwa pakamwa. Chemotherapy ndi chithandizo mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa omwe amalowa m'magazi amapatsidwa thupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amalandila chithandizo chamtunduwu kuchipatala kapena ku ofesi ya dokotala. Komabe, kukhala kuchipatala kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhala kofunikira chifukwa cha thanzi komanso mtundu wamankhwala omwe amwe.

Zotsatira zoyipa za chemotherapy zimadalira mankhwala omwe wodwala amatenga ndi zomwe akumwa. Amawoneka mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense. Musanayambe maphunziro anu ndi mankhwala, dokotala adzakuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za zinthu zosafunikirazi zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera. Kuchuluka kwa ma chemotherapeutic othandizira kumakhudza maselo onse a thupi. Chifukwa chake, maselo athanzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa, amakhala m'mphepete mwa mafupa, mawonekedwe amatsitsi ndi mucous membrane ya dongosolo logaya chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lililonse la chemotherapy isanachitike, ndikofunikira kukayezetsa magazi, omwe amawona kuchuluka kwa maselo amwazi, maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma cell. Ngati mulingo wamtundu uliwonse wam'magazi umagwa kwambiri, mavuto akulu amatha. Ambiri, koma osati mavoti onse, mankhwalawa amatsogolera pakutha kwa tsitsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zilonda zamlomo, nseru, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba zimatha kuonekera sabata yoyamba. Wodwalayo ayenera kuchenjezedwa za zochitika zoyipa zomwe zingachitike panjira ya chithandizo.

Kupumula

Ululu ndimakonda kucheza ndi odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya pancreatic, makamaka ngati chotupa chakula kupitirira malire ake ndikuyika zovuta pamapeto a mitsempha ndi ziwalo zina. Komabe, imatha kuwongoleredwa. Odwala ayenera kulangizidwa za zowawa kwa adotolo, ndiye kuti adzatha kulandira njira zothandizira.

Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera kupweteka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha pancreatic carcinoma. Nthawi zambiri, adotolo amakupangira mankhwala, nthawi zina pamakhala kufunikira kwa ophatikizira mankhwala onunkhiritsa. Mukazitenga, kugona ndi kuwonongeka zitha kuwoneka. Kupumula ndi mankhwala ofewetsa nkhawa kumawathandiza. Nthawi zina, sikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olemetsa, ndipo adotolo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yamankhwala yomwe imakhudza mitsempha yam'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kumva kupweteka, dotolo amaba jekisoni m'dera pafupi ndi mitsempha ina. Njirayi imachitika pakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito kapena mothandizidwa ndi singano yayitali, yomwe imayilowetsedwa pakhungu kupita pamimba. Osowa kwambiri, chifukwa cha uchidakwa, mavuto aliwonse amabwera ndipo, monga lamulo, njirayi imapereka zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.

Nthawi zina, dokotalayo amadula mitsempha yam'mimba kuti athetse ululu. Kuphatikiza pa izi, chithandizo chothandizira poizoniyu chimathandiza kuchotsa ululu wamapazi, womwe umachepetsa kukula kwa chotupacho.

Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa catheter yomwe imaperekedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti muchite izi, pangani jakisoni wofanana ndi cholembera chowirikiza: chubu la pulasitiki laling'ono limayikidwa pamalo pafupi ndi chingwe cholimba, komwe mankhwalawa amalowa pang'onopang'ono tsiku lonse pogwiritsa ntchito syringe pampu yanu.

Ziyeso zamankhwala

Madotolo amayesa mayeso azachipatala kuti ayese kuyesa ndi zoyipa zamankhwala ena atsopano. Odwala ambiri a khansa amatenga nawo mbali. M'mayeso ena, odwala onse amalandira chithandizo chatsopano, mothandizidwa ndi ena, gulu limodzi la odwala limathandizidwa molingana ndi njira yatsopanoyo ndi enanso malinga ndi muyezo, ndiye njira ziwiri izi zochiritsira zimafaniziridwa.

Ophunzira pamaphunzirowa amapatsidwa mwayi woyamba wogwiritsira ntchito mwayi pazotsatira zabwino zomwe zidachitika pamayeso apitawa. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala oterewa amathandizira kwambiri pa sayansi yamankhwala. Ponena za maphunziro azachipatala a khansa ya kapamba, madokotala pano akuphunzira njira zingapo zowonetsera poizoniyu: kuwongolera ma radiation ku carcinoma pakuchita opareshoni kapena kukhomera zinthu zamagetsi m'mimba. Nkhani ina yofufuzira ndi mitundu ya chemotherapy (mankhwala atsopano ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala), mankhwala achilengedwe, ndi mitundu yatsopano yazithandizo zosiyanasiyana. Mayesowa adakhazikitsanso cholinga chofufuzira njira zochepetsera zovuta zoyambira ndikuthandizira wodwalayo moyo wathunthu. Ngati munthu akufuna kutenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera, ayenera kukambirana ndi dotolo.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa zimapatsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu ndi mapuloteni, zimalepheretsa kuchepa thupi komanso zimapatsa mphamvu. Kudya bwino, munthu amamva bwino komanso amakhala wamphamvu. Komabe, odwala khansa sangadye mwanjira imeneyi nthawi zonse komanso amayamba kulakalaka. Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala, monga mseru, kusanza, kapena zilonda zamlomo, zimangovomereza izi. Nthawi zambiri kukoma kwa chakudya kumasintha. Komanso, odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndikuwoneka kuti alibe nkhawa kapena kutopa samva ngati akufuna kudya.

Khansa yapakansa ndi chithandizo chake chimatha kusokoneza kupanga kwa michere ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, odwala amakhala ndi vuto ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya ndi shuga m'magazi. Zingakhale zofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe amafunika ma enzyme osowa ndi mahomoni omwe kapamba wabwino amatha kupanga. Kwa wodwala aliyense, mlingo wa mankhwalawa umaperekedwa. Dokotala amayang'anira wodwalayo mosamala, asinthe mlingo kapena asinthe zakudya. Kukonzekera mosamala ndi kuwongolera kumachita mbali yofunika. Amaletsa mavuto azakudya zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa, kufooka komanso kusowa mphamvu.

Madokotala, anamwino, ndi akatswiri azaumoyo angakulangizeni zamomwe mungadye moyenera mukamamwa mankhwala a khansa.

Tsatirani kuyang'aniridwa kwa achipatala

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupimidwa pafupipafupi mukamaliza chithandizo chanu cha khansa ya kapamba. Dotolo amayang'anitsitsa thanzi la wodwalayo kuti, pakubwera matenda kapena kupita patsogolo, athe kuchira. Kuti izi zitheke, katswiri amachititsa kuti ayesedwe thupi, kupereka magazi, mkodzo ndi ndowe, fluorography ndi compact tomography.

Malangizo oti mupite kwa dokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe amalipira mahomoni apanchipo kapena kusowa kwa timadzi tam'mimba. Wodwala akamva ululu uliwonse kapena wasintha kapena wasintha, ayenera kudziwitsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Thandizo laubongo

Moyo, wolemedwa ndi matenda oopsa, suvuta. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa komanso omwe amawasamalira amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri komanso ziyeso. Ndikosavuta kuthana nawo ngati muli ndi chithandizo komanso chidziwitso chofunikira. Odwala khansa amadera nkhawa mayeso, chithandizo, zipatala. Madokotala, anamwino ndi akatswiri ena omwe akhudzidwa ndi mankhwalawa amatha kuyankhula ndi izi ndi odwala komanso mabanja awo. Komanso, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, alangizi ndi othandizira auzimu amatha kupereka thandizo kwa anthu omwe akufuna kutsanulira miyoyo yawo kapena kukambirana chilichonse chomwe chakhala chopweteka.

Funso la tsogolo lawo ndi chiyani likuzunza odwala khansa ndi mabanja awo. Kuyesera kupeza yankho kwa iwo, nthawi zina amapezeka kuti amawerengera. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ziwerengero zimapereka zizindikiro zowerengera komanso zimaganizira kuchuluka kwa odwala. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito izi polemba zomwe zidzachitike chifukwa cha wodwala payekha. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe odwala awiri ofanana, ndipo njira zamankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zimasiyana. Dokotala yemwe amathandizirana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kuwona moyenera zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo ndikuwonetsa.

Anzanu ndi achibale atha kukupatsani chithandizo chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi khansa, ngati iwonso, amathandiza odwala ambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu othandizira, pomwe amagawana zomwe akumana nazo polimbana ndi khansa komanso zotsatila zamankhwala. Koma nthawi yomweyo, musaiwale kuti wodwala aliyense ndi payekha. Mankhwala othandizira khansa ndi othandizira omwe adagwiritsa ntchito munthu m'modzi sangakhale oyenera kwa wina, ngakhale atakhala ndi khansa yofanana. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kukaonana ndi dokotala musanatsatire malangizo a anzanu komanso abale anu.

Kupewa

Osasuta, khalani ndi moyo wathanzi ndipo idyani pomwe - njira zabwino zodzitetezera. Ngati munthu akuganiza kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya pancreatic, ayenera kugawana madokotala nkhawa zake. Amatha kunena njira zochepetsera chiopsezo ndi ndandanda yoyenera yowunikira (mayeso pafupipafupi).

Pang'ono pang'ono za matendawa

Khansa ya pancreatic ndi chotupa chowopsa chomwe chimayamba kuchokera ku ziwalo zakumaso za chiwalo kapena kuchokera ku epithelium ya ducts yake.

Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kumachitika kumutu, kumachepera thupi ndi mchira. Mitundu isanu ya khansa ya pancreatic imasiyanitsidwa kutengera mtundu wa minofu yam'mimba: adenocarcinoma, cell yovuta, cell ya acinar ndi khansa ya undifferentiated, komanso cystadenocarcinoma. Ma metastases amapezeka mumitsempha yam'mimba, ndimtsempha wamagazi umalowetsedwa mu chiwindi, impso ndi mapapu, komanso mafupa, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri pamtunda wa peritoneum.

Chizindikiro cha khansa sichikudziwika ndipo sichimalola kukayikira matenda ena. Ndi kumera kwa khansa ya kapamba ya bile duct, jaundice yovuta ingayambitse, kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa ndulu. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amatha kusokonezedwa ndi zowawa m'dera la epigastric, kutsika kumbuyo. Ndipo musaiwale za zomwe zimadziwika ngati kulephera kudya komanso kuchepa thupi, kufooka, kupweteka mutu, kutentha thupi. Ultrasound ndi computed tomography zimathandizira pakuzindikira.

Zifukwa zachitukuko

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic ndikuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka molekyulu ya DNA ya maselo a ziwalo. Zitatha izi, kusintha kwina kumachitika mmenemo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu lizichita mwanjira ya moyo: limakula msanga ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika.

Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa maselo atsopano kumapangidwa, komwe kumakhala gawo pakati pa zigawo za gland yokhazikika, ngati kuti akukankha padera, kapena minofu ikukula mbali zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo oterewa amatha kufalikira thupi lonse ndi magazi kapena ma lymph, zomwe zimayambitsa ziwalo zina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kotereku mu DNA sizikudziwika kwenikweni. Kafukufuku wambiri adachitika pomwe zinthu zomwe zidachotsedwa pakuchita opareshoni zidaphunzira. Zotsatira zake, kusintha kwina komwe kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri kunawululidwa, ndipo zina kuyimiriridwa ndi zochepa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ena mwa iwo amabwera mwangozi, kudzera mu zolakwitsa zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zonse, komanso ena pazotsatira zomwe zimakhudza matupi athu. Chiwerengero cha masinthidwe chikaposa gawo lovomerezeka, khungu limabadwanso.

Zowopsa

Chiwopsezo cha khansa ya pancreatic imathandizira kuti akuwonjezera mwayi wodwala. Ndiye kuti, kusapezeka kwawo sikulonjeza kuti sipakhala mavuto ndi kapamba. Izi ndi monga kusuta fodya, matenda ashuga, kusowa kwa majini, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusagwira ntchito, kadyedwe komanso matenda amthupi.

Palibe kafukufuku wambiri wazokhudza kusuta, koma umboni wina ulipo pazotsatira za nikotini ndi zinthu zina. Nicotine amadziwika kuti akulepheretsa kupanga ma bicarbonates ndi maselo a ma pancreatic ducts. Chifukwa cha izi, pH yopanda zofunikira zamthupi imadziwikiridwa mwa iwo, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukula kwa chotupa. Kuphatikiza apo, pa omwe amasuta, ma autopsy nthawi zambiri amawulula kusintha kwa hyperplastic mu ducts, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti khansa ipangidwe. Pali umboni kuti kusuta fodya pafupipafupi kasanu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Kunenepa kwambiri, pamene kuchuluka kwa thupi kokwanira kupitirira 30 kg / m2, kumawonjezeranso khansa ya kapamba. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zosafunikira zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira: anthu okangalika amadwala kawiri kawiri. Katunduyu akhoza kuphatikiza zopatsa thanzi. Kuwonekera kwa zakudya zamafuta m'zakudyazo kumakhala ndi vuto, mwina chifukwa choti chitsulo chimayendetsa mafuta. Koma zipatso ndi masamba ambiri ndizothandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, pali umboni kuti odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya pancreatic ali ndi mfundo zotsika kwambiri monga lycopene ndi selenium.

Aliyense amadziwa mbali yayikulu ya kubadwa mwatsopano pakubweretsa matenda ambiri. Khansa yapakansa ndi chimodzimodzi. Pafupifupi 10% ya anthu odwala matendawa ali ndi abale awo omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo. Chifukwa chake, ndikukula kwa khansa ndiwothekera kwambiri kungayembekezeredwe kwa mbadwa zawo. Ngakhale zonsezi, jini yomwe imayambitsa khansa sichinapezekepo.

Aliyense amadziwa matenda ngati matenda a shuga. Pali anthu ambiri omwe akuvutika ndi izi, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira. Palibe njira zotsutsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsa khansa ya shuga ndi khansa ya pancreatic, koma pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zomwe zachitika pa nkhaniyi zikuwonjezereka.

Kuyandikira kwa ziwalo monga chikhodzodzo, ndulu ya bile ndi zikondamoyo zimakhudza khansa. Amakhulupirira kuti pali kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa miyala ya cholesterol mu dongosolo la bile ndi kukula kwa matenda oopsa a kapamba.

Kuphatikiza pa mfundo pamwambapa, zinthu zomwe zikuwopseza zimaphatikizapo jenda, zaka komanso mtundu. Amuna amadwala pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupipafupi khansa imachuluka ndi zaka, zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti chotupa champhamvu cha pancreatic chimakula nthawi zambiri ku America ku America.

Matenda opatsirana

Zikafika paziwopsezo, timvetsetsa kuti izi, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa khansa, koma sizingatheke kuyankhula molimba mtima za momwe amawalimbikitsa. Mwanjira yosiyana kofunikira muyenera kulumikizana ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe angayambitse mawonekedwe a chotupa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kapamba wambiri, cysts, ndi pancreatic adenoma.

Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawononga maselo a ziwalo zimayambitsa kukula kwa kapamba. Mwa iwo, pali kuphwanya dongosolo la biliary, uchidakwa, komanso thanzi. Kuchita kwawo mosalekeza kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana, kenako wodwala. Poterepa, ma cell a kapamba sangathenso kuchoka mu misa yawo yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kusintha pakokha. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale zolakwika mu magawano awo ndipo pambuyo pake zimatsogolera pakupanga khansa. Kulumikizana kwamatendawa kumatsimikizidwanso ndi zovuta za kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ina yamatenda achisamba, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri kuwonongeka.

Kukhalapo kwa cysts mu chiwalochi ndikofunikira pakukula kwa khansa ya kapamba. Samakhala wonenepa nthawi zonse, koma pamakhala zochitika zina pamene gawo la epithelial lochepetsa cyst limayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa cystadenocarcinoma. Ndiye chifukwa chake, pamaso pa mawonekedwe awa, ndikofunikira kuti athandizike pochita opaleshoni kuti awachotse. Adenoma ali ndi tanthauzo lofanananso ndi khansa ya kapamba.

Chifukwa chake, zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilonda zam'mimba zimaganiziridwa pamwambapa. Munthu aliyense ayenera kuwakumbukira ndikumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zambiri zimatengera matenda omwe adzapeze mtsogolo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kuiona kuti ndi udindo wathu kuwunika momwe thanzi limayendera ndikusamala njira zomwe aliyense wa ife amakhala.