Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russian Federation komanso padziko lapansi

Mu lipoti lake loyamba la matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi, WHO ikugogomezera kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso kuthekera kosintha zomwe zikuchitika. Njira zandale zapangidwa kale kuti achitepo kanthu pothana ndi matendawa, ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations Political Declaration on Noncommunicable Diseases ndi WHO Global Plan of Action for NCDs. Mu lipotilo, WHO idawonetsa kufunika kwa kukulitsa kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga.

Senegal imagwira ntchito yomwe imayika foni pa ntchito zothandiza anthu

Novembala 27, 2017 - Tekinoloje ya chidziwitso ndi kuyankhulana (ICT), makamaka foni yamakono, ikusintha zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndikupeza chidziwitso chaumoyo. Mafoni am'manja amathandizira kupewa matenda a shuga popatsa olembetsa malangizo osavuta othandizira kapena kupewa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kadyedwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zizindikiro zamavuto, monga kuvulala mwendo. Kuyambira 2013, WHO yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU) kuthandiza mayiko ngati Senegal kuyambitsa ntchito yawo ya mDiabetes pa mafoni.

Tsiku Lathanzi Lapadziko Lonse Lapansi la 2016: kumenya matenda a shuga!

Epulo 7, 2016 - Chaka chino, mutu wa World Health Day, womwe umachitika chaka chilichonse pa Epulo 7, ndi "Matenda a shuga!" Mliri wa matenda a shuga ukukula kwambiri m'maiko ambiri, makamaka akuchulukirachulukira kumayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso apakati. Koma gawo lalikulu la shuga limatha kupewedwa. WHO ikuyitanitsa aliyense kuti athetse kukwera kwa matenda ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athane ndi matenda ashuga!

Tsiku la Matenda Atsamba Padziko Lonse

Cholinga cha Tsiku la odwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi ndikuti chithandizire padziko lonse lapansi kudziwa za matenda ashuga: kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi komanso momwe zingapeweretsedwe ambiri.
Lokhazikitsidwa ndi International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ndi WHO, tsikuli limakondwerera pa Novembara 14, tsiku lobadwa la Frederick Bunting, yemwe pamodzi ndi Charles Best adagwira nawo mbali popeza insulin mu 1922.

Vuto lapadziko lonse

Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi mu 1980 anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 108. Mu 2014, zizindikiro zidakwera anthu 422 miliyoni. Mwa nzika zakale, 4,7% ya anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi pano adadwalanso ndi matendawa. Mu 2016, chiwerengerochi chakwera mpaka 8.5%. Monga mukuwonera, ziwonetsero zikuchuluka kuwirikiza pazaka.

Malinga ndi WHO, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amafa ndi matendawa komanso zovuta zake chaka chilichonse. Mu 2012, anthu opitilira 3 miliyoni adamwalira. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amwalira chimalembedwa m'maiko omwe anthu amakhala ndi ndalama zochepa komanso moyo wotsika. Pafupifupi 80% ya womwalirayo amakhala ku Africa ndi Middle East. Malinga ndi 2017, masekondi 8 aliwonse padziko lapansi, munthu m'modzi amafa ndi matendawa.

Chithunzi pansipa chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi. Apa mutha kuwona komwe maiko omwe anthu ambiri adakhudzidwa ndi izi mu 2010. Komanso zam'tsogolo zamtsogolo zimaperekedwa.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga pofika chaka cha 2030 kudzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa odwala mothandizana ndi 2010. Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri kuti anthu afe.

Type 1 ndi 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin ya mahomoni m'thupi, yomwe imayambitsa shuga wambiri.

Zowonongeka.
Udzu wokhazikika.
Kukodza pafupipafupi.
Kumva ludzu lomwe silitha ngakhale mutadya.
Kuchuluka kwa mikono ndi miyendo.
Kutopa popanda chifukwa.
Kuchiritsa kwakanthawi kwamkhungu, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda. Mitundu yayikulu ndi yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Ndi mtundu woyamba, insulin yokwanira siyipangidwa m'thupi. Kachiwiri, insulin imapangidwa, koma imatchinga ndi mahomoni amtundu wa adipose. Matenda a shuga 1 amtunduwu siwofala ngati wachiwiri. Pansipa pali chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino kuti ndi odwala angati omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe amapitilira mtundu umodzi.

M'mbuyomu, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwa akulu okha. Masiku ano, zimakhudzanso ana.

Zizindikiro zaku Russia

Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 17% ya anthu onse mdzikolo. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa momwe kuchuluka kwa odwala kudakwera kuyambira nthawi ya 2011 mpaka 2015. Kwa zaka zisanu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala matendawa chawonjezeka ndi 5,6% ena.

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa zamankhwala, anthu opitilira 200,000 amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga ku Russian Federation chaka chilichonse. Ambiri aiwo sanalandire thandizo loyenerera. Izi zidabweretsa kuti matendawa adadzetsa zovuta zingapo, mpaka ku oncology, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke.

Anthu omwe amadwala matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala olumala kwa zaka zotsala kapena amwalira. Sizingatheke kuneneratu pasadakhale zomwe zikuyembekezera wodwalayo. Aggraover ndi zovuta ndizoyimira zaka zokha. Amatha kuchitika ali ndi zaka 25, 45 kapena 75. Kuthekera m'mibadwo yonse ndi chimodzimodzi. Pakapita nthawi, matendawa amayamba.

Zizindikiro ku Ukraine

Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga ku Ukraine ndioposa odwala 1 miliyoni. Chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Kwa nthawi kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2015 adachulukanso ndi 20%. Chaka chilichonse, odwala 19,000 amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1. Mu 2016, anthu opitilira 200,000 adalembetsa akufuna insulin.

Chiwerengero cha ana omwe akudwala matendawa chikukula mwachangu pakati pa ana azaka zonse. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zapitazi, achulukanso mwina kawiri. Lero, matenda a shuga ali m'malo 4 ku Ukraine pafupipafupi kuti adziwe momwe nzika ziliri ndi zaka 18. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulumala kwa ana aku Ukraine. Makamaka anyamata ndi atsikana ambiri odwala azaka zosakwana 6 amalembetsa.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amakhala ambiri pakati pa achinyamata. Matenda a Type 2 siachilendo. Koma, komabe, akupita patsogolo. Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri kwa ubwana. M'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa matendawa ndi kosiyana.

Dera	Maperesenti a odwala
Kiev	13,69
Kharkov	13,69
Rivne	6,85
Volyn	6,67

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ku Kiev ndi Kharkov dera. Pafupifupi, mitengo ndiwokwera kwambiri kumadera komwe makampani amapangidwa. Ku Ukraine, kuwunika kwamitundu yonse yamatenda sikunayambike bwino kwambiri, ziwerengero zamilandu sizowonetsa momwe ziliri. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa madotolo, pofika chaka cha 2025 ku Ukraine padzakhala ana odwala pafupifupi 10,000 kuchokera ku ziwonetserozo.

Chiwerengero cha Belarusi

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, ku Belarus, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, kukuwonjezereka kwa odwala odwala matenda ashuga. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo ku Minsk, kudwala kumeneku kunapangidwa ndi anthu 18,000. Masiku ano, anthu 51,000 adalembetsa kale likulu. Kudera la Brest kuli odwala opitilira 40. Komanso, m'miyezi isanu ndi inayi yapitayi ya 2016, odwala pafupifupi 3,000 adalembetsa. Izi zimangokhala pakati pa anthu akuluakulu.

Pazonse, nzika za Belarus zomwe zikuvutika ndi matendawa mu 2016 zidalembetsedwa m'magulu pafupifupi 300 anthu. Ziwerengero za odwala matenda a shuga mdziko lapansi zikukula chaka chilichonse. Ili ndiye vuto kwa anthu onse, lomwe lakhala mliri. Pakadali pano, madokotala sanapeze njira yothanirana ndi matenda awa.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga

Ku France, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga ndi pafupifupi 2.7 miliyoni, mwa iwo 90% ndi odwala matenda a shuga 2. Pafupifupi anthu 300 000-500 000 (10-15%) mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga saganiza ngakhale pang'ono za matendawa. Komanso, kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumachitika mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10, chomwe ndichofunikira kuti T2DM iyambe. Mavuto a SS amadziwika kawiri ndi 2.4 mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Amazindikira zakukula kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amathandizira kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo chamoyo wodwalayo pofika zaka 8 kwa anthu azaka 55-64 komanso zaka 4 kwa magulu achikulire.

Pafupifupi 65-80% ya milandu, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi mtima matenda, makamaka myocardial infarction (MI), stroke. Pambuyo pa kusinthika kwa myocardial, zochitika zamtima nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kuthekera kwa kupulumuka kwa zaka 9 pambuyo polowera pulasitiki m'matumbo ndi 68% kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 83,5% kwa anthu wamba, chifukwa cha stenosis yachiwiri komanso kukwiya kwa atheromatosis, odwala matendawa amakumana ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa myocardial infarction. Kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'madipatimenti amtima kumakulirakulira nthawi zonse ndipo amapanga oposa 33% mwa odwala onse. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira pangozi yopanga matenda a SS.

Mavuto a matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe langokulanso pazaka zambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mdziko lonse lapansi anthu 371 miliyoni ali ndi matendawa, omwe ndi 7 peresenti ya anthu onse padziko lapansi.

M'malo omwe mayiko omwe apezeka ndi matenda ndi:

India - 50,8 miliyoni
China - 43.2 miliyoni
US - miliyoni 26.8
Russia - 9.6 miliyoni
Brazil - 7.6 miliyoni
Germany - 7.6 miliyoni
Pakistan - 7.1 miliyoni
Japan - 7.1 miliyoni
Indonesia - 7 miliyoni
Mexico - 6.8 miliyoni

Chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu opezeka ku US adapezeka, pomwe 20 peresenti ya nzika zili ndi matenda a shuga. Ku Russia, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 6 peresenti.

Ngakhale kuti mdziko lathu mulingo wa matendawa siwokwera kwambiri ngati ku United States, asayansi akunena kuti okhala ku Russia ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mliri.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka nthawi zambiri odwala osakwanitsa zaka 30, pomwe azimayi amatenga matenda. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umayamba mwa anthu opitirira zaka 40 ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

M'dziko lathu, matenda a shuga a 2 ndi ochepa kwambiri, masiku ano amapezeka mwa anthu azaka 12 mpaka 16.

Ziwerengero zodabwitsa zimaperekedwa ndi ziwerengero kwa anthu omwe sanapasidwe mayeso. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya okhala padziko lapansi sakaikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mwina atapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Monga momwe mukudziwira, matendawa amatha kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka, osayambitsa chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ambiri osatukuka kwambiri matendawa sapezeka nthawi zonse.

Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, zowononga zomwe zimakhudza mtima, chiwindi, impso ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, zomwe zimatsogolera kulumala.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti ku Africa kuno kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kumatengedwa kuti ndi kotsika, apa pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa omwe sanayesedwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kuwerenga komanso kusazindikira matendawa pakati pa onse okhala m'boma.

Kulemba ziwerengero zaimfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga sikophweka. Izi ndichifukwa choti machitidwe mdziko lonse, zolemba zachipatala sizimawonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa odwala. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, chithunzi chonse cha imfa chifukwa cha matendawa chimatha kupangidwa.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mitengo yonse yaimfa yomwe ikupezeka siziwonetsetsa, chifukwa imangopangidwa ndi zomwe zikupezeka. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa odwala azaka 50 ndipo anthu ocheperako amamwalira zaka 60 zisanachitike.

Chifukwa cha matendawa, matendawa amakhala ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi. Imfa ya matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa chopanga zovuta komanso kusowa kwa chithandizo choyenera.

Mwambiri, ziwopsezo za kufa ndizokwera kwambiri m'maiko omwe boma silisamala ndalama zolipirira matendawa. Pazifukwa zoonekeratu, ndalama zambiri komanso zotsogola zatsika zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwalira chifukwa cha matenda.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Mwa anthu okalamba, khungu limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy.
A complication a impso ntchito kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenthedwe aimpso. Choyambitsa matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.
Pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti miyendo ithe.
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, lomwe limayambitsa kudula miyendo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuduladula kwina konse kwazonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumachitika mphindi iliyonse. Chaka chilichonse, kudula 1 miliyoni kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi madotolo, ngati matendawa adapezeka kuti apezeka pakapita nthawi, anthu opitilira 80 peresenti ya kukomoka kwa miyendo amatha kupewedwa.

eya, ziwerengero zikungowopsa. ndipo osati cholocha choyipa chokha, koma kudziwononga wekha kwakudya koyipa ndikoyenera kuimbidwa mlandu. ndipo ena amakhalanso ndi ana awo.

Kuti muthane ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa maselo a metabolic. Chifukwa chiyani pali insulin yokwanira mthupi lokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, koma "saona" glucose, ndiye kuti, palibe lamulo laubongo loti muthyole.

Zomwe tawona zikuwonetsa kuti ndi mankhwala monga bioiodine, "timayang'ana" maupanga mu hypothalamus ya ubongo ndikubwezeretsa njira za metabolic m'miyezi iwiri. Madokotala okondedwa! Ndikukufunsani kuti mutchere khutu ku izi ndikuthandizadi anthu kuti abwezeretse thanzi lawo lomwe latayika. Pali yankho, limangofunika kupezeka mu chisokonezo cholamulidwa ndi mankhwala)) Thanzi kwa onse!

Masana abwino. Ndipo inunso mukutenga? Mlongo wanga ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ali ndi insulin. Ndipo sitikuwona kuwunikiranso mtsogolo. Kodi sitimamvetsetsa chiyani, jekeseni moyo wanga wonse? Chonde thandizirani ngati pali njira iliyonse yopulumutsira izi.

Werengani buku la "Chakudya ndi ubongo", zonse zalembedwa pamenepo. Komabe, monga njira, "Wheat Kilogalamu" ndi kupitiliza kwake, "Whet Belly. Thanzi lathunthu. "

Matenda a shuga atha kukhala ndi mwayi waukulu mwa anthu otsatirawa:

Amayi omwe ali ndi cholowa chamtsogolo cha matenda ashuga 2 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadya mbatata zambiri. Ali ndi chiwopsezo chodwala 15% kuposa omwe samagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati izi ndizovala za ku France, ndiye kuti zoopsa zimawonjezeka ndi 25%.

Kukula kwa mapuloteni amanyama pazakudya kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga oposa 2.

Kilogalamu iliyonse yowonjezera kulemera kwamthupi imawonjezera ngoziyo ndi 5%

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumayambitsa zovuta. Monga ziwerengero zimawonetsa, matenda ashuga amatsogolera ku 50% ya odwala chifukwa chotukuka kwa mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, gangrene, kulephera kwa impso.

Matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) ali ndi vuto la "hyperglycemia" Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga sichikudziwika. Matendawa amatha kuwonekera pamaso pa zilema zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a maselo kapena kusokoneza insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimaphatikizanso zotupa zopweteka za kapamba, kuchepa kwa ziwalo zina za endocrine (pituitary, gren adrenal, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro), zotsatira za poizoni kapena matenda.

Chifukwa chakuwonetsa kwakanthawi kovuta kwamankhwala am'mimba, mtima, ubongo kapena zotumphukira zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kayendetsedwe kabwino ka glycemic, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda enieni a mtima.

Nkhani zakulimbikitsa ufulu wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'dera la Chui adakambidwa pathebulo lozungulira pa Epulo 12 mumzinda wa Kant.

Malinga ndi atolankhani a Unduna wa Zaumoyo, pa Epulo 13, pakukambirana kwa tebulo ndi chitukuko cha mgwirizano wolumikizana pakukonza bwino kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga.

M'nkhani yake yokhudza kukula kwa matenda ashuga, Purezidenti wa A shuga a Kyrgyzstan Svetlana Mamutova adati anthu opitilira theka la anthu odwala matenda a shuga sadziwa za matenda awo. Ku Kyrgyzstan, kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2011, oposa 32,000 adalembetsedwa.

Malinga ndi endocrinologists a m'mizinda ya Tokmok ndi Kant, lero kupeza thandizo la mankhwala ndi mankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndikovuta, ndipo pakufunika mapiritsi ambiri.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, maselo a pancreatic amawonongeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amatenga minofu yawo omwe amakhala osawadziwa ndikuwawononga.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 85% ya odwala amadwala mtundu wachiwiri. Mwa awa, 15% okha ndiye onenepa. Ena onse onenepa kwambiri. Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amapezeka pamene insulin imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, maselo alibe nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito glucose onse ndipo mulingo wake umakwera. Kwenikweni, matendawa amawonekera akula. Oposa 20% ya anthu opitilira 65 akudwala matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga a Autoimmune ndi ofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chathupi cha munthu. Matendawa amawonedwa mwa akulu.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati (gestational) nthawi zambiri amapezeka mkati mwa nthawi. Komabe, matendawa samakhudza amayi onse oyembekezera. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo m'banjamo amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, matenda a autoimmune, komanso zolakwika zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Ngati mayi asanakhale ndi pakati amakhala ndi moyo wopatsa pang'ono komanso zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti ali pachiwopsezo. Ndi bulimia, muthanso kudwala matenda ashuga.

M'badwo umafunikanso. Amayi azaka zopitilira 30 ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, zizindikiro sizimawoneka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matendawa amasokoneza mwana wosabadwayo. Thanzi la mwana limakhala pachiwopsezo. Pali mwayi wakufa kwa fetal mu utero kapena mkati mwa sabata kuchokera pakubadwa. Zotsatira za mwanayo:

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga mtsogolo.
Kusintha.
Jaundice

Mayeso a matenda a shuga ayenera kuchitidwa kuyambira 16 mpaka 18 milungu. Gawo lachiwiri limachitika pakadutsa masabata 24-26. Mafuta ophatikiza magazi ndi owopsa osati kwa mayi okha, komanso kwa mwana. Ngati matenda abwinobwino apezeka, dokotala amasankha chithandizo chokhazikika cha mayi wamtsogolo. Pambuyo pobala, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kukhazikika paokha.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa ndi kukonza thanzi la minofu ndi mafupa

Zambiri za Zenslim Arthro

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1:

Chikuku, rubella, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chiwindi.
Kuperewera kwa kuyamwitsa.
Kudyetsa mwana koyambirira mkaka wa ng'ombe (kumakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga maselo a beta).

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2:

M'badwo. Kuthekera kotenga matendawa kumachitika zaka 40. M'madera ena a USA ndi Europe, matenda amtundu wa 2 amawonedwa kwambiri mwa achinyamata.
Kunenepa kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe.

Kodi matenda ashuga amatengera kwa makolo athu? Inde Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amayambitsidwa ndi cholowa chokha. Pomwe yachiwiriyo imapezeka m'moyo. Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti ngati makolo ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala mwana wokhudzidwa ndi 60-100%.

Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa popanda zovuta zovuta.

Kuyambika kwa Matenda A shuga: World Epidemiology and Statistics

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa ochedwa hyperglycemia. Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwe ake sichinaphunziridwe bwino komanso kufotokozedwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri azachipatala amawonetsa zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuwonetsa matendawa.

Izi zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwamtundu, matenda apachikondwerero, chiwonetsero chambiri cha mahomoni ena a chithokomiro, kapena kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zapoizoni kapena zopatsirana.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira.

Mwachitsanzo, ku France kokha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu, pomwe pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi odwala matenda a shuga a 2.

Dziwani kuti anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu alipo osadziwa matenda awo. Kusowa kwa zizindikiro zowoneka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndi vuto lalikulu komanso ngozi ya matenda.

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumapezeka mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amakhala ndi zoopsa komanso chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi matenda amtima kumangokulira mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Poganizira ziwerengero za anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga, titha kudziwa kuti milandu yoposa makumi asanu peresenti (kuchuluka kwathunthu kumasiyana kuchokera 65 mpaka 80) ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko.

Malo oyamba mumalo achisoni ngati awa ndi China (pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni)
Ku India, odwala odwala ndi 65 miliyoni
USA - anthu miliyoni miliyoni miliyoni
Brazil - pafupifupi 12 miliyoni
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 11 miliyoni
Mexico ndi Indonesia - 8.5 miliyoni chilichonse
Germany ndi Egypt - anthu 7.5 miliyoni
Japan - 7.0 miliyoni

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya pathological, kuphatikizapo 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu lazachipatala komanso chikhalidwe lomwe likukula kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa cha kufala, matendawa amatengedwa ngati mliri wosapatsirana.

Palinso chizolowezi chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya kapamba.

Mpaka pano, malinga ndi WHO, matendawa amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 246 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi kuneneratu, kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha pafupifupi kuwirikiza.

Kufunika kwa chidziwitso pamavuto kumatheka chifukwa chakuti matendawa amayambitsa kulumala msanga komanso kufa chifukwa cha kusintha kosasintha komwe kumawonekera m'thupi. Kodi kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kukuwonjezeka motani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia.

Pakadali pano, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichikudziwika. Itha kuwoneka ngati zolakwika zilizonse zimapezeka zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a cellular cell.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kupezeka kwa matendawa zimatheka chifukwa cha: zilonda zazikulu komanso zowopsa zamankhwala am'mimba, matenda oopsa a chithokomiro cha endocrine (pituitary, adrenal gland, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro), zotsatira za poizoni ndi matenda.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owonekera a mtima, mtima, ubongo kapena zotumphukira zochokera kumbuyo kwa ulamuliro wapamwamba wa hypoglycemic, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda enieni a mtima.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda a mtima

Mwachitsanzo, ku France, kunenepa kumachitika mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ukhale. Matendawa amakwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zina, zomwe zimangokulitsa vutolo.

Ziwerengero Zamatenda Padziko Lonse:

zaka. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi asayansi akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa nthawi 3.3 kwa odwala azaka za 29- 38, maulendo 4.3 wazaka 41-48, nthawi 2.3 kwa 50 Achinyamata wazaka -58 ndi nthawi 2.7 wazaka 60-70 wazaka,
jenda Chifukwa cha kuthupi, amayi amadwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kuposa abambo. Mtundu woyamba wa matendawa umapezeka mwa anthu ochepera zaka 30. Kwambiri, ndi azimayi omwe amavutika nawo pafupipafupi. Koma mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, amadwala anthu azaka zopitilira 44,
kuchuluka kwa zochitika. Ngati tilingalira za ziwerengero zam'mayiko athu, titha kunena kuti kuyambira chaka cha 2000 ndi kumatha mu 2009, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza. Monga lamulo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtundu wachiwiri wodwala womwe umadwala. Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi 90% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto lachiwiri lolumikizidwa ndi ntchito yopanda pancreatic.

Koma kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumayambira ku 0,04 mpaka 0,24%. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa amayi onse apakati mokhudzana ndi ndondomeko zamayiko, zomwe cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kubereka, ndikuyambitsa kuwunika koyambirira kwa matenda apadera a shuga.

Mwa zina zazikulu zomwe zikupangitsa kuti matenda ovutikawa ayambike, munthu atha kunenepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 81% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri. Koma kulemera cholowa mu 20%.

Ngati tilingalira za ziwonetsero za kuonekera kwa matendawa kwa ana ndi achinyamata, titha kupeza ziwopsezo: nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza ana kuyambira azaka 9 mpaka 15.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga, malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa, kukukula chaka chilichonse.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa ochedwa hyperglycemia. Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwe ake sichinaphunziridwe bwino komanso kufotokozedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri azachipatala amawonetsa zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuwonetsa matendawa.

Izi zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwamtundu, matenda apachikondwerero, chiwonetsero chambiri cha mahomoni ena a chithokomiro, kapena kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zapoizoni kapena zopatsirana.

Matenda a shuga mdziko lapansi kwa nthawi yayitali ankawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zoyambitsa matenda a mtima. Mukukula kwake, zovuta zingapo zakumbuyo, zamtima, kapena ubongo zimachitika.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Mwachitsanzo, ku France kokha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu, pomwe pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi odwala matenda a shuga a 2.

Malo oyamba mumalo achisoni amenewa ndi China (pafupifupi anthu miliyoni miliyoni)
Ku India, odwala odwala ndi 65 miliyoniꓼ
US - miliyoni 24,4 miliyoni
Brazil - pafupifupi 12 miliyoniꓼ
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 11 miliyoniꓼ
Mexico ndi Indonesia - miliyoni 8.5 uliwonse
Germany ndi Egypt - anthu 7.5 miliyoni
Japan - 7.0 miliyoni

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizakuti pasanakhalepo zochitika za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a ana 2. Masiku ano, akatswiri azachipatala amazindikira izi paubwana.

Chaka chatha, World Health Organisation idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga padziko lapansi:

pofika 1980, chiwerengero cha odwala padziko lonse lapansi chinali pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni ndi anthuꓼ
pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2014, kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pakati pa anthu akuluakulu, izi zimachitika kawiri kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wadziko akuwonetsa kuti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2030, matenda ashuga adzayambitsa kupha munthu m'modzi pa asanu ndi awiri padziko lapansi.

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: diabetik.guru

Monga kuchuluka kwa zochitika, ziwonetsero za Russia ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwambiri, mulingo unayandikira pafupi ndi mliri wa miliri. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi akatswiri asayansi, kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi kukwera kawiri mpaka katatu.

Mdziko muno, muli odwala matenda ashuga oposa 280,000 omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Anthuwa amadalira kasamalidwe ka insulin tsiku ndi tsiku, pakati pawo ana 16,000 ndi achinyamata 8.5,000.

Ponena za matendawa, ku Russia anthu opitilira 6 miliyoni sazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Pafupifupi 30% yazachuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matendawa kuchokera ku bajeti, koma pafupifupi 90% yaiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zovuta, osati matenda omwe.

Ngakhale chiwopsezo chakwera, m'dziko lathu mowa kwambiri ndi insulin ndipo magawo 39 aliwonse okhala ku Russia. Ngati ndikufanizira ndi mayiko ena, ndiye kuti ku Poland izi ndi 125, Germany - 200, Sweden - 257.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya pathological, kuphatikizapo 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula pang'onopang'ono.

Mankhwala amafunanso ndalama kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pali mankhwala anzeru amakono aku Europe, koma samangokhala chete. Kuti.

Ku Russia, matenda a shuga ayamba kukhala mliri, chifukwa dzikolo ndi "atsogoleri" ambiri. Olemba magwero akuti pali mamiliyoni a odwala matenda ashuga. Pafupifupi anthu omwe sadziwa za kukhalapo ndi matenda.

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga

Momwe mungadziwire ngati munthu ali ndi matenda? Ndikofunikira kuti mupambane mayeso. Izi zimachitika bwino m'mawa, maola 8 mutatha kudya. Masiku awiri mayeso asanakwane, simungathe kumwa mowa. Mutha kumwa madzi amchere okha. Kupsinjika ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizofunikanso kupewa. Magazi a shuga (amuna / akazi):

Kuyambira chala - kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.
Kuchokera mtsempha - kuchokera 3.7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l.

Kodi ndi kuti ndipo mungapeze kuti chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga? Mutha kulumikizana ndi azachipatala pagulu kapena pawekha. Ku Russia, maukonde a ma laboratories achipatala a Callitro amadziwika kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri. Apa mutha kuyesa mayeso a matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Pafupifupi 10-15% ya bajeti yothandizira zaumoyo m'maiko otukuka amapita kokasamalira matenda a shuga. Pofika chaka cha 2025, ndalama zomwe pachaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsira komanso kupewa matenda ashuga zifika $ 300 biliyoni. Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti ku Russia chiwonetserochi ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 300 miliyoni. Pafupifupi 80% yazinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimayenderana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Odwala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komanso khalani mukuyang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist. Nthawi zina ndimatenda a 2, shuga amatha kuchepetsedwa popanda mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, ndi zakudya. Kwa wodwala, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zimawerengedwa.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga kumathandiza kuchepetsa shuga. Zida zolimbitsa thupi zimapangidwa ndi dokotala.Ngati wodwalayo sakuyenda bwino ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti chithandizo chimapitilizabe ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin mu shuga:

Thiazolidinediones (Pioglar ndi Diaglitazone).
Biguanides (Metformin).

Mankhwala obwera mwatsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Njira zina zochiritsira ndi njira zina zamankhwala, mankhwala azitsamba, wowerengeka azitsamba.

Zakudya zoyenera

Zakudya zoyenera m'magazi a shuga zimathandizira kuti kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi. Chifukwa cha zakudya, mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala. Chakudya chimayenera kudyedwa nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Ndi zaka, muyenera kuwunika kwambiri zakudya.

saphika wopanda yisiti,
zipatso (osati zotsekemera) ndi zipatso,
tiyi ndi khofi wopanda mphamvu (wopanda shuga),
zopangidwa ndi soya
chimanga
masamba.

Masamba Olimbikitsidwa a shuga:

Tsabola wofiyira.
Biringanya (kuloledwa kudya kangapo pa sabata).
Zukini (zochepa ndizovomerezeka).
Dzungu (litha kudyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono).

Mu shuga, amatsutsana kuti agwiritse ntchito:

masoseji, masoseji,
batala
masamba kapena mchere.

Mu shuga, zakudya zotsatirazi ndizoletsedwa:

Skim mkaka.
Yofesedwa mkaka.
Viyikani ngati wopanda mafuta, wokoma kapena zipatso.

Phytotherapy

Mankhwala azitsamba amaphatikizapo kuchiza ndi zitsamba ndi mankhwala. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala. Chithandizo chotere chitha kuchitikira kunyumba. Komabe, muyenera kufunsa dotolo, popeza mbewu zamankhwala zimakhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo.

Mwachitsanzo, ginseng, nyambo, eleutherococcus ndi muzu wagolide zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa ayenera kuthandizidwa mosamala. Zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azitsamba zitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:

Zitsamba zomwe zimatulutsa diuretic. Pambuyo pake, shuga owonjezera amachotsedwa m'magazi. Izi zikuphatikiza - mahatchi, birch, lingonberry.
Kuchiritsa maselo a beta. Izi zimaphatikizapo - burdock, mtedza, mabuliberi.
Muli ndi zinc - chimphokoso cha chimanga, malo okwezeka a mbalame. A decoction mwa mbewuzi amachititsa kuti thupi lisamatenge matenda.
Zitsamba zokhala ndi insulin - dandelion, elecampane wamtali, Yerusalemu artichoke.
Muli chromium, yomwe imathandizira shuga ochepa. Zomera zotere zimaphatikizapo ginger wodula bwino mankhwala.

Katundu wochepetsera shuga amakhala ndi dandelion. Kukolora nyemba kumathandizanso kuti shuga azikhala wamphamvu. Konzani kulowetsedwa ndikuyitenga katatu patsiku. Dongosolo loterolo limasinthasintha zochita za thupi.

Cinnamon ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga. Mbewu za ginger zomwe zili ndi shuga zimayenda bwino, zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti odwala amamva kufooka.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena ngati thupi silingagwiritse ntchito bwino insulin yomwe imapanga.

Insulin ndi timadzi timene timayendetsa shuga3 wamagazi. Hyperglycemia, kapena shuga wokwezeka wamwazi, ndizotsatira zofala za matenda osagwirizana a shuga, omwe patapita nthawi amawononga kwambiri masisitimu ambiri amthupi, makamaka mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi3.

Mu 2014, chiwopsezo cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga chinali 8.5% mwa akulu wazaka 18 ndi akulu. Mu 2012, pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni amwalira chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndipo 2.2 miliyoni adayamba chifukwa cha shuga wambiri wamwazi.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga (omwe kale ankadziwika kuti ndi insulin-wodalira, mwana kapena mwana), womwe umadziwika ndi kupanga insulin yokwanira, kutsata insulin tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira3. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu sizidziwika, chifukwa chake sizitha kupewedwa pakali pano.

Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizira kukodza kwambiri (polyuria), ludzu (polydipsia), njala yosalekeza, kuchepa thupi, kusintha masomphenya, ndi kutopa. Zizindikirozi zitha kuwoneka mwadzidzidzi.

Type 2 shuga

Matenda a 2 a shuga (omwe kale amatchedwa osagwirizana ndi insulin kapena achikulire) amakula chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin ndi thupi3. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda a shuga 23, omwe amayamba chifukwa chokhala onenepa kwambiri komanso osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi mkhalidwe wa kapangidwe ka matenda am'dziko lapansi umatsimikizira chiyani?

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Mwachitsanzo, ku France kokha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu, pomwe pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi odwala matenda a shuga a 2.

Dziwani kuti anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu alipo osadziwa matenda awo. Kusowa kwa zizindikiro zowoneka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndi vuto lalikulu komanso ngozi ya matenda.

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumapezeka mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amakhala ndi zoopsa komanso chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi matenda amtima kumangokulira mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zatulutsa mayiko otsatirawa omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe apezeka:

Malo oyamba mumalo achisoni amenewa ndi China (pafupifupi anthu miliyoni miliyoni)
Ku India, odwala odwala ndi 65 miliyoniꓼ
US - miliyoni 24,4 miliyoni
Brazil - pafupifupi 12 miliyoniꓼ
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 11 miliyoniꓼ
Mexico ndi Indonesia - miliyoni 8.5 uliwonse
Germany ndi Egypt - anthu 7.5 miliyoni
Japan - 7.0 miliyoni

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya pathological, kuphatikizapo 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula pang'onopang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizakuti pasanakhalepo zochitika za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a ana 2. Masiku ano, akatswiri azachipatala amazindikira izi paubwana.

Chaka chatha, World Health Organisation idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga padziko lapansi:

pofika 1980, chiwerengero cha odwala padziko lonse lapansi chinali pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni ndi anthuꓼ
pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2014, kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pakati pa anthu akuluakulu, izi zimachitika kawiri kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wadziko akuwonetsa kuti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2030, matenda ashuga adzayambitsa kupha munthu m'modzi pa asanu ndi awiri padziko lapansi.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amakhala ngati njira yodziyimira payekha. Anthu azaka zambiri amatha kudwala - pambuyo zaka makumi anayi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga isanatengedwe ngati njira ya anthu opuma pantchito. Popita nthawi kwa zaka zambiri, milandu yambiri yawonekera pamene matendawa amayamba osati ali aang'ono, komanso kwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Kuphatikiza apo, chidziwitso cha mtundu uwu wa matenda ndi chakuti anthu opitilira 80 peresenti omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi gawo lotchulira kunenepa (makamaka m'chiuno ndi pamimba). Kulemera kwambiri kumangowonjezera chiopsezo chotengera matenda opatsirana.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizakuti pasanakhalepo zochitika za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a ana 2. Masiku ano, akatswiri azachipatala amazindikira izi paubwana.

pofika 1980, panali anthu pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi
pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, chiwerengero chawo chidakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pomwe pakati pa akuluakulu, izi zimayamba kucitika kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga ku Russia akuchulukirachulukira. Masiku ano, Russian Federation ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa izi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu ambiri sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi matenda amenewa. Chifukwa chake, manambala enieni amatha kuchuluka pafupifupi kawiri.

Pafupifupi anthu mazana atatu mazana atatu ali ndi matenda a shuga. Anthu awa, onse akuluakulu ndi ana, amafunika jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse. Moyo wawo umakhala ndi ndandanda yakuyeza milingo ya shuga m'magazi ndikusungabe gawo lake lofunikira mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amafunika kulangidwa kwambiri kuchokera kwa wodwala ndikutsatira malamulo ena moyo wonse.

Ku Russian Federation, pafupifupi makumi atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda amaperekedwa kuchokera ku bajeti yathanzi.

Kanema wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adayang'aniridwa posachedwa ndi kanema wapanyumba. Kuunikaku kukuwonetsa momwe matenda am'mudzimo akuwonekera mdziko muno, njira zomwe akuchitapo pofuna kuthana ndi izi, ndi momwe chithandizo chikuchitika.

Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri mu filimuyi ndi omwe amasewera omwe anali USSR ndi Russia yamakono, omwe adapezekanso ndi matenda a shuga.

Kodi zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi ziti?

Ziwerengero zachipatala zimawonetsa kuti milandu yofala kwambiri yakukula kwa matendawa ndi mwa azimayi.

Amuna sakonda kukhala ndi shuga m'thupi kuposa azimayi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta zingapo.

Zotsatira zoyipa izi zikuphatikiza:

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Mwa anthu okalamba, khungu limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy.
A complication a impso ntchito kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenthedwe aimpso. Choyambitsa matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.
Pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti miyendo ithe.
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, lomwe limayambitsa kudula miyendo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuduladula kwina konse kwazonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumachitika mphindi iliyonse. Chaka chilichonse, kudula 1 miliyoni kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi madotolo, ngati matendawa adapezeka kuti apezeka pakapita nthawi, anthu opitilira 80 peresenti ya kukomoka kwa miyendo amatha kupewedwa.

eya, ziwerengero zikungowopsa. ndipo osati cholocha choyipa chokha, koma kudziwononga wekha kwakudya koyipa ndikoyenera kuimbidwa mlandu. ndipo ena amakhalanso ndi ana awo.

Zomwe tawona zikuwonetsa kuti ndi mankhwala monga bioiodine, "timayang'ana" maupanga mu hypothalamus ya ubongo ndikubwezeretsa njira za metabolic m'miyezi iwiri. Madokotala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Ndikukufunsani kuti mutchere khutu ku izi ndikuthandizadi anthu kuti abwezeretse thanzi lawo lomwe latayika. Pali yankho, limangofunika kupezeka mu chisokonezo cholamulidwa ndi mankhwala)) Thanzi kwa aliyense.

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto osati la dziko lathu lokha, komanso la dziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga chikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngati tiwona ziwerengero, titha kunena kuti padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi anthu 371 miliyoni ali ndi matenda. Ndipo izi, kwa sekondi imodzi, ndizofanana ndi 7.1% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Cholinga chachikulu chofalitsira kwa matenda amtundu wa endocrine iyi ndi kusintha kwakukuru m'moyo. Malinga ndi asayansi, ngati zinthu sizisintha kukhala zabwino, ndiye pofika chaka cha 2030 chiwerengero cha odwala chidzawonjezeka kangapo.

Mndandanda wamayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga akuphatikizapo izi:

India Pafupifupi 51 miliyoni milandu
China - 44 miliyoni
United States of America - 27,
Russian Federation - 10,
Brazil - 8,
Germany - 7.7,
Pakistan - 7.3,
Japan - 7,
Indonesia - 6.9,
Mexico - 6.8.

Achinyamata ambiri ku United States amapezeka ku United States. M'dzikoli, pafupifupi 21% ya anthu onse ali ndi matenda ashuga. Koma mdziko lathu, ziwerengero ndizochepa - pafupifupi 6%.

Komabe, ngakhale atakhala kuti mdziko lathu mulingo wa matendawa siwokwera kwambiri ngati ku United States, akatswiri amalosera kuti posachedwa kwambiri zizindikiro zingayandikire ku US. Chifukwa chake, matendawa amatchedwa mliri.

Matenda a shuga 1, monga tanena kale, amapezeka mwa anthu ochepera zaka 29. M'dziko lathu, matendawa ayamba kuchepa: pakadali pano amapezeka mwa odwala kuyambira azaka 11 mpaka 17.

Manambala okhumudwitsa amaperekedwa ndi ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi anthu omwe apambana mayeso.

Kuperewera kwa chithandizo choyenera kumadziwonetsera mu zovuta zonse zowopsa, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo: pachimake, mochedwa komanso chovuta.

Monga mukudziwa, ndizovuta zovuta zomwe zingabweretse mavuto ambiri.

Zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu. Izi zikuphatikiza mayiko omwe chitukuko chake chimachitika munthawi yayitali.

Ikhoza kukhala maola ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe oterewa amatsogolera kuimfa. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo choyenerera nthawi yomweyo. Pali zosankha zingapo zodziwika zovuta zamtundu uliwonse, zomwe zimasiyana ndi yapita.

Mavuto owawa kwambiri amakhala ndi: ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, lactic acidosis chikomokere, ndi ena. Zotsatira zamtsogolo zimawonekera patatha zaka zochepa zodwala. Kuvulala kwawo sikuwonetsedwa, koma poti zimachedwetsa momwe munthu aliri.

Ngakhale chithandizo cha akatswiri sichimathandiza nthawi zonse. Amaphatikizapo monga: retinopathy, angiopathy, polyneuropathy, komanso phazi la matenda ashuga.

Mavuto abwinobwino amatchulidwa pazaka 11-16 zapitazi.

Ngakhale kupenda mosamalitsa zonse zofunikira za mankhwalawa, mitsempha yamagazi, ziwalo zam'mimba, khungu, dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso mtima umavutika. Oyimira amuna ogonana mwamphamvu amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimawoneka motsutsana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mbuyomu matenda a shuga, amapezeka pafupipafupi kuposa azimayi.

Omalizirawo amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha endocrine. Monga taonera kale, matendawa amayambitsa kuwoneka kwa mavuto owopsa omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.Anthu azaka zopuma pantchito nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi khungu, lomwe limawonekera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Koma mavuto a impso amatsogolera pakulephera kwa impso. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimathanso kukhala ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.

Pafupifupi theka la onse odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje. Pambuyo pake, neuropathy imadzetsa kuwoneka ngati kuchepa kwa chidwi komanso kuwonongeka kumadera akumunsi.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukuru komwe kumachitika mumanjenje, kupsinjika monga phazi la matenda ashuga kumatha kuwonekera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupweteka kwa kapamba. Izi ndizowopsa koma zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuphwanya kwamtima. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kudula miyendo.

Popita nthawi, matenda ashuga amakhudza mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, impso komanso mitsempha.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la mtima komanso matenda opha ziwalo ndiwodziwikiratu kuposa 5.
Kuphatikiza ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, mitsempha (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha) kwamiyendo kumawonjezera mwayi wazilonda pamiyendo, matenda, ndipo pamapeto pake, pakufunika kuduladula miyendo.
Matenda a diabetesic retinopathy, omwe ndi amodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zakhungu, amakula chifukwa chakuchulukana kwanthawi yayitali m'mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi ya retina. Matenda a shuga angayesedwe 1% ya milandu yapadziko lonse lapansi yakhungu 7.
Matenda a shuga ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa impso 4.
Chiwopsezo chonse cha imfa pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndiwofupika kawiri kuposa chiwopsezo cha kufa pakati pa anthu amisinkhu imodzimodzi omwe alibe matenda a shuga. 8

Mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri

Chaka chatha, World Health Organisation idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga padziko lapansi:

pofika 1980, panali anthu pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi
pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, chiwerengero chawo chidakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pomwe pakati pa akuluakulu, izi zimayamba kucitika kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga ku Russia akuchulukirachulukira. Masiku ano, Russian Federation ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa izi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu ambiri sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi matenda amenewa. Chifukwa chake, manambala enieni amatha kuchuluka pafupifupi kawiri.

Ku Russian Federation, pafupifupi makumi atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda amaperekedwa kuchokera ku bajeti yathanzi.

Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri mu filimuyi ndi omwe amasewera omwe anali USSR ndi Russia yamakono, omwe adapezekanso ndi matenda a shuga.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a insulin-yodziyimira matendawa ndikuti matendawa amayamba kukula osadziwonetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sizikudziwika kuti ndi anthu angati omwe sakudziwa kuzindikira kwawo.

Monga lamulo, ndizotheka kudziwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba mwangozi - pakaunikidwe pafupipafupi kapena pozindikira kuti mupeze matenda ena.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umayamba kumera mwa ana kapena uchinyamata. Kupezeka kwake kuli pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya zonse zolembedwa zamtunduwu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakuwonetsa mtundu wa matenda omwe akudalira insulin ndi kupangika kwa chibadwa chamtsogolo. Ngati matenda atizilombo atapezeka munthawi yocheperako, anthu omwe amadalira insulin amatha kupulumuka.

Pankhaniyi, chofunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kwathunthu ndikutsatira malangizo onse azachipatala.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta zingapo.

Zotsatira zoyipa izi zikuphatikiza:

Kuwonetsedwa kwa kusokonezeka kwa mtima wamtima, komwe kumayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.
Popeza ndadutsa zaka 60, odwala nthawi zambiri samatha kuzindikira matenda ashuga, omwe amachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosalekeza kumabweretsa vuto laimpso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, nthawi ya matenda ashuga, kulephera kwa mafungo mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa.

Matendawa amakhalanso ndi vuto pogwira ntchito yamanjenje. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a m'mimba, zotupa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha yathupi. Kuphatikiza apo, neuropathy imabweretsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cham'munsi.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda umakhudza makamaka achinyamata ndi ana. Komanso, akazi nthawi zambiri amadwala. Matenda amtunduwu amalembedwa mu 10% ya milandu yonse. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka pafupipafupi m'maiko onse.

Mtundu wachiwiri (osadalira insulini) umapezeka mwa anthu omwe adutsa mzere wazaka 40, 85% yawo akudwala kunenepa kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwa matendawa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumadziwika mwangozi, nthawi zambiri kukayezetsa kapena kuthandizira matenda ena.

Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia zikuwonetsa kuti matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga adakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochitika za kakulidwe ka matenda muubwana ndi unyamata.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 akula kale kuposa woyamba. Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia zikuwonetsa kusungidwa kwa kuchuluka kwake. Chifukwa chake mu 2011, milandu 560 yamatenda a 2 ana mu achinyamata ndi achinyamata idadziwika, pomwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, adadziwika kuti ana ali bwino.

Ndi kudziwidwa kwakanthawi ndi matendawa mudakali achichepere, njira yamoyo ya wodwalayo ikhoza kukhala. Koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati munthu akuwongolera ndi kulipiranso.